JP6798970B2 - Split ring resonator and metamaterial dynamic element - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a metamaterial dynamic element using a split ring resonator.

Millimeter waves and terahertz waves are expected to be applied to imaging and radar technologies because of their permeability to substances and high resolution. However, due to its high frequency, the propagation loss in the circuit is large. For example, in Non-Patent Document 1, when a 4 × 4 planar array antenna is used at a frequency of 100 GHz or more, a loss of 10 dB or more occurs. Therefore, there is a demand for a technique for handling signals in the millimeter wave / terahertz wave band with low loss.

Metamaterial technology that can control ultra-high frequency signals with low loss in a spatial system by designing the refractive index of the material is expected as a technology for realizing ultra-high frequency band spatial devices. For example, in Non-Patent Document 2, a split ring resonator used as a unit cell of a metamaterial element is used to shift the resonance frequency by changing the dimensions of the split portion, and the operating frequency is set in a frequency region away from the resonance frequency. By doing so, a transmission phase amount distribution is formed with low loss, and the propagation of electromagnetic waves transmitted through the metamaterial is designed.

FIG. 9 shows the structure of a typical split ring resonator used in the conventional method. A circumferential current is excited in the split ring resonator by an incident wave having an electric field component in the y-axis direction parallel to the split portion. This orbital current is maximized at the LC resonance frequency determined by the capacitive and inductive components derived from the split and ring portions. Here, when the resonance frequency is shifted by changing the gap G of the divided portion, the larger the gap G of the divided portion, the smaller the capacitance component, and therefore the higher the resonance frequency. On the other hand, if the gap G of the divided portion is small, the capacitance component is large and the resonance frequency is also low.

In this way, in the split ring resonator, by changing the gap G of the split portion and shifting the resonance frequency, a change in the transmission phase amount in the vicinity of the resonance frequency is realized, and in a frequency region higher than the resonance frequency and having less loss. It forms a two-dimensional transmission phase amount distribution.

However, when forming a high-gain beam, a large aperture area is required for the wavelength, and the amount of transmission phase change required to realize an arbitrary propagation direction, beam width, or focal length becomes large, so that 2π The amount of transmission phase change of [rad] is obtained. In principle, the amount of phase change of the scattered wave is π [rad] at the maximum near the resonance frequency of the scatterer, so the transmitted wave observed as the sum of the direct wave transmitted without being scattered and the scattered wave. The amount of phase change of is less than or equal to π [rad]. Therefore, in order to realize the transmission phase amount design width of 2π [rad], the metamaterial must be multi-layered at a certain interval, which causes a problem that the device size becomes large.

W.Shin, et al., “A 108-112 GHz 4 × 4 Wafer-Scale Phased Array Transmitter with High-Efficiency On-Chip Antennas”, proc.of IEEE RFIC, pp.199-202, 2012 D.Kitayama, et.al., “Laminated metamaterial flat lens at millimeter-wave frequencies”, OPTICS EXPRESS, Vol.23, No.18, pp.23348-23356, 2015

Therefore, in the invention of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-159094 (hereinafter referred to as "prior application invention"), a split ring resonator 20 having a twisted structure as shown in FIG. 7 is proposed. By introducing a twisted structure into the split ring resonator 20, the scattered wave re-radiated from the split portion 24 is made to be orthogonal to the direction of the electric field component (Ein) of the incident electromagnetic wave, and only the scattered wave is used for the propagation design. As a result, the phase design width of π [rad] is realized according to the theory.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, since the polarity of the electric dipole formed in the split portion can be reversed by reversing the twist direction, the split ring resonators 20 having different twist directions are arranged in a mixed manner. Therefore, a total phase design width of 2π [rad] is realized. For example, by introducing a variable capacitance element into the split portion 24 of the structure of the prior invention and dynamically controlling the resonance frequency of the resonator, it is possible to dynamically control the transmitted wave surface with a phase control width of π [rad]. Become.

However, in the case of dynamicization based on the structure of the prior invention, since the twisting direction is only one direction, the phase control width becomes maximum at π [rad]. In order to realize a large beam steering angle and dynamic focusing function, it is necessary to realize a control range of the transmission phase amount of 2π [rad]. Therefore, when dynamicizing based on the structure of the prior invention. It is necessary to stack two layers of unit cell structures side by side, which is disadvantageous in terms of device size and mounting difficulty.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and realizes a metamaterial dynamic element having a larger control range of the transmission phase amount than the conventional one with a smaller device size, and is excellent in mounting ease. It is an object of the present invention to provide a dynamic element.

In order to solve the above problems, in the split ring resonator of the present invention, the annular first conductor portion, the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion formed in the space surrounded by the first conductor portion. The conductor portion and the divided portion formed between the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion are provided, and electricity between the second and third conductor portions and the first conductor portion is provided. The target connection is a surface including the center of the first conductor portion by an incident electromagnetic wave having an electric field component direction in a direction perpendicular to the dividing direction of the divided portion, and is parallel to the electric field surface of the incident electromagnetic wave. A first, in which an asymmetric orbital current is excited with respect to a surface, and a scattered wave emitted by an electric dipole induced in the divided portion by the asymmetrical orbital current is orthogonal to the electric field component direction of the incident electromagnetic wave. The first state having the electric field component in the direction and the second state having the electric field component in the second direction opposite to the first direction are set to exist exclusively.

In order to solve the above problems, in the split ring resonator of the present invention, the annular first conductor portion and the two points of the first conductor portion are provided in the space surrounded by the first conductor portion. A second conductor portion and a third conductor portion formed so as to be selectively connected, and a divided portion formed between the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion are provided, and the second conductor portion is provided. Each of the conductor portion and the third conductor portion is selectively connected to the two points of the first conductor portion via the first switching element and the second switching element, respectively, with the divided portion interposed therebetween. , Each of the first and second switching elements is arranged at diagonal positions in the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion with the divided portion interposed therebetween, and is arranged in the dividing direction of the divided portion. An incident electromagnetic wave having an electric field component direction in a direction perpendicular to the electric field excites an asymmetric orbital current with respect to a surface including the center of the first conductor portion and parallel to the electric field surface of the incident electromagnetic wave. A first state in which the scattered wave radiated by the electric dipole induced in the divided portion by the asymmetric orbital current has an electric field component in a first direction orthogonal to the electric field component direction of the incident electromagnetic wave. The ON / OFF states of the first and second switching elements are set so that the second state having the electric field component in the second direction opposite to the first direction exists exclusively. It is characterized by that.

In order to solve the above problems, in the split ring resonator of the present invention, the annular first conductor portion and the two points of the first conductor portion are provided in the space surrounded by the first conductor portion. The second conductor is provided with a second conductor portion and a third conductor portion formed so as to connect the two conductor portions, and a divided portion formed between the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion. Each of the portion and the third conductor portion is connected to the two points of the first conductor portion via the first variable resistance element and the second variable resistance element, respectively, with the divided portion interposed therebetween. Each of the first and second variable resistance elements is arranged at diagonal positions in the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion with the divided portion interposed therebetween, with respect to the dividing direction of the divided portion. An incident electromagnetic wave having an electric field component direction in a vertical direction excites an asymmetric orbital current with respect to a surface including the center of the first conductor portion and parallel to the electric field surface of the incident electromagnetic wave. A first state in which a scattered wave radiated by an electric dipole induced in the divided portion by an asymmetric orbital current has an electric field component in a first direction orthogonal to the electric field component direction of the incident electromagnetic wave, and the above-mentioned The resistance values of the first and second variable resistance elements are set so that the first direction and the second state having the electric field component in the second direction opposite to the first direction exist exclusively. It is a feature.

Further, in the first state, the first switching element or the first variable resistance element is in an electrically short-circuited state, and the second switching element or the second variable resistance element is in an electrically insulated state. In the second state, the first switching element or the first variable resistance element is in an electrically insulated state, and the second switching element or the second variable resistance element is in an electrically short-circuited state. It may be set to be.

The first and second switching elements or variable resistance elements are composed of transistors that are turned on or off depending on an applied voltage or an applied current, and in the first state, the first switching element or the first The transistor constituting the variable resistance element is configured to be in the ON state, and the transistor constituting the second switching element or the second variable resistance element is configured to be in the OFF state. In the second state, the first The transistor constituting the switching element or the first variable resistance element may be configured to be in the OFF state, and the transistor constituting the second switching element or the second variable resistance element may be configured to be in the ON state.

Further, the divided portion may have a variable capacitance, and the resonance frequency of the divided ring resonator may be changed according to the value of the capacitance value of the variable capacitance.

In order to solve the above problems, in the metamaterial dynamic element of the present invention, a split ring resonator constitutes a unit cell, and a plurality of the unit cells are arranged in an array, and the first unit cell in each of the unit cells is arranged. The state of 1 or the second state is switched according to the position of the unit cell, and the capacity value of the variable capacity is changed according to the position of the unit cell.

In order to solve the above problems, in the metamaterial dynamic element of the present invention, the split ring resonator according to claim 6 constitutes a unit cell, and a plurality of the unit cells are arranged in an array shape. The first state or the second state in each of the cells is set uniformly regardless of the position of the unit cell, and the capacity value of the variable capacity is uniformly set regardless of the position of the unit cell. It is configured to change.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a metamaterial dynamic element having a larger control range of the transmission phase amount than the conventional one with a smaller device size, and to provide a metamaterial dynamic element having excellent mountability. Can be done.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a split ring resonator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining switching between a Z-type SRR and an S-type SRR of the split ring resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the intensity and phase of the scattered wave of the split ring resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another structure of the split ring resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the phase characteristics of the scattered wave of the split ring resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the structure of a metamaterial dynamic device according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of the twisted split ring resonator of the prior invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the intensity and phase characteristics of the scattered wave of the twisted split ring resonator of the prior invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the structure of a conventional split ring resonator.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms, and is not construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments described below.

<Split ring resonator with a twisted structure>
As shown in FIG. 9, the conventional split ring resonator 30 has an annular first conductor portion 31, a second conductor portion 32 formed in the first conductor portion, a third conductor portion, and a second conductor portion. It is composed of a divided portion 34 formed between the conductor portion 32 and the third conductor portion 33. The split portion 34 is formed with an electrolytic component E _{s in} a direction parallel to the direction of the electric field component E _in of the electromagnetic wave perpendicularly incident on the split ring resonator. When the LC resonance mode in which the orbital current i is induced is excited, an electric dipole is formed in the split section, and the scattered wave mainly re-radiated from the split section 34 and the electromagnetic wave transmitted without being scattered are added together. It is observed as a transmitted wave.

Here, since the directions of the electromagnetic waves transmitted without being scattered and the electric field components of the scattered waves are the same, the two cannot be separated, and the phase change of the observed transmitted waves is based on the phase change of the scattered waves. Will also be smaller. For example, the amount of phase change of the scattered wave in the vicinity of the resonance frequency of the split ring resonator is π [rad], but in Non-Patent Document 2, the transmitted wave is the sum of the electromagnetic wave transmitted without being scattered and the scattered wave. The design width of the phase change of is π / 3 [rad].

On the other hand, in the structure of the split ring resonator 20 of the prior invention of FIG. 7, the split portion 24 of the split ring resonator 20 has a twisted structure, and the split direction of the split portion 24 is the incident electromagnetic wave. It is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field component E _in .

Further, in the structure of FIG. 7, the orbital current i is relative to the surface including the center of the first conductor portion 21 and parallel to the surface formed by the propagation direction of the incident electromagnetic wave and the direction of the electric field component E _in. Since the path of the orbiting current is configured so that the path through which the current flows is asymmetric, the LC resonance mode is excited by an electromagnetic wave having an electric field direction component perpendicular to the division direction of the division portion 24, and the electric dipole is generated in the division portion 24. Is induced. Since the direction of the electric field component of the scattered wave emitted by this electric dipole is orthogonal to the direction of the electric field component E _in of the incident electromagnetic wave, for example, by using a polarizing plate or an antenna having a large polarization dependence, the scattered wave It is possible to observe only.

Since the scattered wave in the prior invention causes a phase change of π [rad] in the vicinity of the resonance frequency, the phase design width can be increased by observing only the scattered wave as compared with the conventional structure of FIG. Further, when the twisting direction of the split portion is reversed as shown in FIG. 7 (b), the polarity of the electric dipole formed in the split portion 24 is reversed with respect to FIG. 7 (a), so that FIG. 7 (b) The phase of the scattered wave re-radiated by the divided portion of FIG. 7 (a) is π [rad] shifted from the phase of the scattered wave re-radiated by the divided portion of FIG. 7 (a). As a result, in the prior invention, as shown in FIG. 8, the structure of the split resonator of the Z-type SRR (Sprit Ring Resonator) of FIG. 7 (a) and the structure of the split resonator of the S-type SRR of FIG. 7 (b). By using both of these, a phase design width of 2π [rad] can be realized in the vicinity of the resonance frequency.
<First Embodiment>

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a split ring resonator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The split ring resonator 10 of FIG. 1 is a second conductor formed so as to be connected to the first conductor portion 11 in a space surrounded by the annular first conductor portion 11 and the first conductor portion 11. It is composed of a portion 12, a third conductor portion 13, and a divided portion 14 formed between the second conductor portion 12 and the third conductor portion 13. According to the present invention, by controlling the electrical connection state between the first conductor portion 11, the second conductor portion 12, and the third conductor portion 13, one metamaterial element is used in FIG. 7 (a). ) And the S-type SRR of FIG. 7B are realized.

The second conductor portion 12 is connected to the first conductor portion 11 via two variable resistance elements 15a and 15b with the division portion 14 interposed therebetween. Similarly, the third conductor portion 13 is the division portion. The variable resistance elements 15a and 15b are connected to the first conductor portion 11 via two variable resistance elements 15b and 15a with the 14 in between, and the variable resistance elements 15a and 15b are arranged at diagonal positions with the division portion 14 in between. Has been done. In FIG. 1, the second conductor portion 12 and the third conductor portion 13 are formed by controlling the resistance value of the variable resistance element installed between the second and third conductor portions and the first conductor portion. It is configured to control the electrical connection state between the first conductor portions 11 and electrically switch between the Z-type SRR and the S-type SRR.

Although the configuration in which the angular first conductor portion is used as the split ring resonator is described in FIG. 1, the annular first conductor portion is used instead of the angular annular first conductor portion. The same function can be realized by using it. The same applies to the following description.

Further, in the configuration example of FIG. 1, the second conductor portion 12 and the third conductor portion 13 are connected to the first conductor portion 11 via a variable resistance element, and the resistance value of the variable resistance element is controlled. However, by installing a switching element instead of this variable resistance element and controlling the ON / OFF state of this switching element, it is configured to electrically switch between Z-type SRR and S-type SRR. You may.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining switching between a Z-type SRR and an S-type SRR of the split ring resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, when the value of the variable resistance element R _VZ (15a) at the diagonal position is sufficiently smaller than the value of the variable resistance element R _VS (15b) at another diagonal position, for example, a transistor. When the variable resistance element R _VZ (15a) is set to the electrically short-circuited state and the variable resistance element R _VS (15b) is set to the electrically insulated state by using a switch element such as, the electric current component perpendicular to the dividing portion 14 is set. The orbital current i flowing at the time of LC resonance excited by the incident electromagnetic wave E _in having the above is the same as that of the Z-type SRR of FIG. 7A. On the other hand, when R _VS is sufficiently smaller than R _VZ , for example, when the variable resistance element R _VZ (15a) is set to the electrically insulated state and the variable resistance element R _VS (15b) is set to the electrically short-circuited state, The orbital current i flowing during LC resonance is the same as the S-type SRR described with reference to FIG. 7B.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the intensity and phase of the scattered wave of the split ring resonator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, in the case of R _VZ << R _VS and R _VZ >> R _VS , the phase of the scattered wave is shifted by π [rad], so that between the first conductor portion and the second and third conductors. By controlling the resistance value of the variable resistance element installed in the above, it is possible to realize both the functions of the Z-type SRR and the S-type SRR with one metamaterial element.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the resonance frequency of the split ring resonator 11 is changed by introducing the variable capacitance element _CV (16) into the split portion 14 of the split ring resonator 11 of the present embodiment. Therefore, by controlling C _V, R _VZ , and R _VS , it is possible to realize a control range of the scattered wave phase of 2π [rad].

Here, the variable resistance elements R _VZ and R _VS can be realized by using, for example, a field effect transistor (FET) or a bipolar transistor (BJT). When the FET is used, the resistance between the drain and the source can be variably controlled by the voltage applied to the gate, and when the BJT is used, the resistance between the collector and the emitter can be variably controlled by the current flowing through the base. In this case, the resistance values of the variable resistance elements R _VZ and R _VS can be controlled by controlling the applied voltage or the applied current.

Further, a switching element provided instead of the variable resistance element can also be realized by using a field effect transistor (FET) or a bipolar transistor (BJT). In this case, an electric field is applied depending on an applied voltage or the like. The ON / OFF state of the effect transistor and the like may be controlled.

Further, the variable capacitance element _CV can be realized by using, for example, a diode. A depletion layer can be generated by applying a reverse bias to the anode and cathode of the diode, and the depletion layer can be changed by controlling the voltage between the anode and cathode, and the capacitance can be variably controlled.

An antenna capable of emitting linearly polarized electromagnetic waves (Tx antenna) and a detectable antenna (Rx antenna) may be used for generation and detection of electromagnetic waves. The metamaterial element of the present invention is arranged in front of the Tx antenna so that the incident wave emitted by the Tx antenna is vertically incident on the surface on which the metamaterial element of the present invention is formed. The incident wave is scattered by the element of the present invention, and the scattered wave has a polarization component orthogonal to the polarization of the incident wave.

In the present invention, a scattered wave having a polarization component orthogonal to the polarization of the incident wave is used for propagation control. In order to detect the scattered wave, the Rx antenna arranges a polarization component orthogonal to the polarization of the incident wave at a detectable angle. When the metamaterial element of the present invention is used as a transmissive type, the Rx antenna may be arranged on the opposite side of the Tx antenna with the element of the present invention interposed therebetween. That is, "Tx antenna"-"metamaterial element"-"Rx antenna" may be arranged in this order. When the element of the present invention is used as a reflective type, it may be arranged on the opposite side of the element of the present invention with the Tx antenna sandwiched between them. That is, "Rx antenna"-"Tx antenna"-"metamaterial element" may be arranged in this order.

As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to electrically switch between Z type and S type in the structure of the split ring resonator capable of detecting only scattered waves. Further, by changing the resonance frequency of the split ring resonator by the variable capacitance element, the scattered wave phase can be dynamically controlled in the range of 2π [rad]. As a result, a phase design width of 2π [rad] can be realized by one split ring resonator, so that it is possible to provide a metamaterial dynamic element having a small device size and excellent mounting ease.

<Other embodiments>
As shown in FIG. 6, a two-dimensional array is formed by arranging a plurality of unit cells in an array on the substrate 50 using the split ring resonator of the present invention as a terminal cell, and the scattered wave phase is π [rad]. By dynamically controlling different regions, it is possible to realize a metamaterial dynamic element capable of controlling the characteristics of a 0 / π Fresnel zone plate type diffractive lens.

Further, a two-dimensional array is formed using the structure of the split ring resonator of the present invention, and switching between the variable capacitance element and the S-type SRR / Z-type SRR is controlled so that the scattered wave phase becomes the equation (1). For example, it is possible to realize a metamaterial dynamic element capable of deflecting the propagation direction of an incident electromagnetic wave in a two-dimensional array. Here, x and y are the coordinates on the plane where the unit cell of the present invention is arrayed, Φ (x, y) is the scattered wave phase at the coordinates (x, y), λ is the wavelength of the incident wave, and θ is The deflection angle.

Further, when the switching between the variable capacitance element and the S-type SRR / Z-type SRR is controlled so that the phase of the scattered wave becomes the equation (2), the structure of the present invention is scattered at a distance f0 from the arrayed surface. It is possible to realize a metamaterial dynamic element that can dynamically control the lens function in which waves are focused.

Further, by uniformly controlling the voltage of each unit cell in the two-dimensional array regardless of the coordinates and shifting the resonance frequency, the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave is rotated by 90 ° at the resonance frequency and deviates from the resonance frequency. It is possible to realize a metamaterial dynamic element having a dynamic polarization switch function such that polarization does not rotate in the frequency domain.

The present invention can be applied to a metamaterial dynamic device using a split ring resonator.

10, 10a to 10d, 20, 30 ... Divided ring resonators, 11, 12, 13 ... First conductor portion, 12, 22, 32 ... Second conductor portion, 13, 23, 33 ... Third conductor portion , 14, 24, 34 ... Divided portion, 15a, 15b ... Variable resistance element, 16 ... Variable capacitance element, 50 ... Substrate.

Claims (8)

An annular first conductor portion, a second conductor portion and a third conductor portion formed in a space surrounded by the first conductor portion, the second conductor portion, and the third conductor portion. It has a split part formed between the parts,
The electrical connection between the second and third conductors and the first conductor is
Due to the incident electromagnetic wave having the electric field component direction in the direction perpendicular to the dividing direction of the divided portion, the surface including the center of the first conductor portion and parallel to the electric field surface of the incident electromagnetic wave. An asymmetric orbital current is excited,
A first state in which the scattered wave radiated by the electric dipole induced in the split portion by the asymmetric orbital current has an electric field component in a first direction orthogonal to the electric field component direction of the incident electromagnetic wave. A split ring resonator set so that a second state having an electric field component in a second direction opposite to the first direction exists exclusively. The first annular conductor and
In the space surrounded by the first conductor portion, a second conductor portion and a third conductor portion formed so as to selectively connect to the two points of the first conductor portion, and
A divided portion formed between the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion is provided.
Each of the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion selectively sandwiches the divided portion via the two points of the first conductor portion and the first switching element and the second switching element, respectively. Connected,
Each of the first and second switching elements is arranged at diagonal positions in the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion with the divided portion interposed therebetween.
Due to the incident electromagnetic wave having the electric field component direction in the direction perpendicular to the dividing direction of the divided portion, the surface including the center of the first conductor portion and parallel to the electric field surface of the incident electromagnetic wave. An asymmetric orbital current is excited,
A first state in which the scattered wave emitted by the electric dipole induced in the split portion by the asymmetric orbital current has an electric field component in a first direction orthogonal to the electric field component direction of the incident electromagnetic wave, and The ON / OFF states of the first and second switching elements are set so that the second state having the electric field component in the second direction opposite to the first direction exists exclusively. A split ring resonator characterized by that. The first annular conductor and
In the space surrounded by the first conductor portion, the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion formed so as to connect the two points of the first conductor portion, and the third conductor portion.
A divided portion formed between the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion is provided.
Each of the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion is connected to the two points of the first conductor portion via the first variable resistance element and the second variable resistance element, respectively, with the divided portion interposed therebetween. Being done
Each of the first and second variable resistance elements is arranged at diagonal positions in the second conductor portion and the third conductor portion with the divided portion interposed therebetween.
Due to the incident electromagnetic wave having the electric field component direction in the direction perpendicular to the dividing direction of the divided portion, the surface including the center of the first conductor portion and parallel to the electric field surface of the incident electromagnetic wave. An asymmetric orbital current is excited,
A first state in which the scattered wave radiated by the electric dipole induced in the split portion by the asymmetric orbital current has an electric field component in a first direction orthogonal to the electric field component direction of the incident electromagnetic wave. The resistance values of the first and second variable resistance elements are set so that the second state having the electric field component in the second direction opposite to the first direction exists exclusively. A split ring resonator characterized by. In the first state, the first switching element or the first variable resistance element is in an electrically short-circuited state, and the second switching element or the second variable resistance element is in an electrically insulated state. In the second state, the first switching element or the first variable resistance element is in an electrically insulated state, and the second switching element or the second variable resistance element is in an electrically short-circuited state. The split ring resonator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the split ring resonator is set as follows. The first and second switching elements or variable resistance elements are composed of transistors that are turned on or off depending on the applied voltage or current.
In the first state, the transistor constituting the first switching element or the first variable resistance element is in the ON state, and the transistor constituting the second switching element or the second variable resistance element is in the OFF state. In the second state, the transistor constituting the first switching element or the first variable resistance element is in the OFF state, and the second switching element or the second variable resistance element is configured. The transistor to be used must be configured to be in the ON state.
4. The split ring resonator according to claim 4. Any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the divided portion has a variable capacitance, and the resonance frequency of the divided ring resonator can be changed according to the value of the capacitance value of the variable capacitance. The split ring resonator described in the section. The split ring resonator according to claim 6 constitutes a unit cell, and a plurality of the unit cells are arranged in an array.
The first state or the second state in each of the unit cells is switched according to the position of the unit cell, and the capacity value of the variable capacity is changed according to the position of the unit cell. A metamaterial dynamic element characterized by being The split ring resonator according to claim 6 constitutes a unit cell, and a plurality of the unit cells are arranged in an array.
The first state or the second state in each of the unit cells is uniformly set regardless of the position of the unit cell, and the capacity value of the variable capacity is set regardless of the position of the unit cell. A metamaterial dynamic element characterized in that it is configured to change in the same way.

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