JP6776370B2 - Gas storage and processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the field of equipment for storing and processing gases such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).

More specifically, the present invention provides heat exchange for transferring cold temperature from a tank for storing gas in a liquid-liquid equilibrium state to another flow to be cooled from a gas phase gas flow extracted from the tank. Regarding equipment equipped with vessels.

In the prior art, in particular US 2015/0316208, equipment equipped with a tank for storing liquefied natural gas and a heat exchanger for transferring cold temperature from the gas phase gas stream to the stream to be cooled It is known. More specifically, the facility comprises a collection circuit that collects the gas phase gas in the gaseous headspace of the tank and then transports it to a heat exchanger for heating in it. Upon leaving the exchanger, the heated gas stream is compressed to a high pressure that matches the operating conditions of the gas consuming member. The first portion of the compressed gas is then transported to one or more gas consuming components for combustion in it, while the second portion of the compressed gas is the gas in the tank. It is transported to a heat exchanger to transfer heat to the gas phase gas stream collected in the headspace. A second portion of the gas so cooled is then decompressed in the expansion device and, using the Joule-Thomson effect, the temperature of the gas stream is during its expansion to at least partially liquefy the gas. It will decrease further. Upon leaving the expansion device, the phase separator sends out the liquid and gas phases to carry the liquid phase into the tank and return the gas phase back into the gas phase gas collection circuit upstream of the heat exchanger. Allows separation before. Such equipment is for both the compression of the gas stream to adapt one part of the gas flow to the working pressure of the gas consuming member and the subsequent reliquefaction of the other part of the gas flow. It is particularly advantageous in that it is used. Therefore, the equipment is thereby simplified and the cost of the additional reliquefaction function is limited.

The same gas phase gas collection circuit is also used to transfer gas phase gas during tank loading and unloading. Specifically, during the loading operation, the tank so that when the liquefied natural gas is transferred from the supply terminal to the tank, the natural gas in the gas phase keeps the predominant pressure within the gaseous headspace of the tank approximately constant. Transferred from to the terminal at the same time. Conversely, during the discharge operation in which the liquefied natural gas is transferred from the tank to the terminal, the natural gas in the gas phase is simultaneously transferred from the terminal to the tank in order to avoid a pressure drop in the tank. The gas phase gas collection circuit is therefore sized as a function of the substantial throughput that tends to be involved during tank loading and unloading.

Currently, such dimensions of the gas phase gas collection circuit are such that when the circulating throughput of the gas phase gas in the gas phase gas collection circuit is significantly lower than the throughput produced during the tank loading or unloading operation, for example. When it is desirable to transport gas phase gas from the tank to the heat exchanger during tank operation other than loading or unloading operation, it is accompanied by low flow rate in the gas phase gas collection circuit. Therefore, given these low flow rates, despite the insulation of the gas phase gas collection circuit, the gas phase gas is fairly, for example, between the gaseous headspace of the tank and the inlet of the heat exchanger, for example. It is heated by about 25-30 ° C. As a result of such heating, the cold temperature available to be exchanged in the heat exchanger is reduced. Therefore, the heat exchange between the gas stream collected in the tank and the second portion of the compressed gas to be liquefied re-only a limited proportion of the second portion of the compressed gas. Allows liquefaction.

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0316208

The idea forming the basis of the present invention comprises a gas storage tank and a heat exchanger for transferring cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream extracted from the tank to another stream to be cooled, in the heat exchanger. It is to propose gas storage and processing equipment and gas processing processes using such equipment, where heat exchange can be increased.

According to one embodiment, the present invention
To provide a leak-proof and adiabatic tank with an internal space filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
To provide a heat exchanger intended to transfer cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream collected in a tank to a fluid to be cooled, the heat exchangers have inlets and outlets, respectively. It comprises a first channel and a second channel and a heat exchange wall for transferring heat from the second channel to the first channel.
During the tank loading operation, gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through an opening created in the wall of the tank, through a suction port pipe that appears in the internal space of the tank, and this is passed through the first pipe. Transporting to a manifold connected to the gas storage terminal
During the tank utilization operation, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through the suction port pipe and heat exchanged through the second pipe which is heat insulating and has a gas passage cross section smaller than that of the first pipe. It provides a gas treatment process, including transporting to a vessel.

The tank utilization operation is any operation involving gas phase gas with a flow rate relatively lower than the loading or unloading of the tank while utilizing the contents of the tank, for example, the tank operation for ship propulsion or energy production. Can include.

Therefore, by providing two unique pipes, each of them can be sized as a function of gas throughput that they tend to encounter in their specific use cases, as if limiting the heating of the gas. , It is possible.

As a result, a single pipe in the gas collection circuit has been sized as a function of the maximum throughput it tends to encounter in the prior art, while the diameter of the second pipe has been sized for lower throughput. Therefore, it has a smaller cross section than that of a single pipe of the prior art, and therefore, for equal throughput, the gas flow rate in the second pipe is higher than that of the gas in the conventional pipe. Much higher. As a result, for equal throughput, the gas phase gas spends less time in the second pipe than in the conventional pipe, which makes it possible to limit the heating of the gas phase gas. It is especially advantageous when the gas is intended to absorb heat.

According to one embodiment, the gas treatment process is further
It is connected upstream to the outlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger so as to compress the gas flow heated in the heat exchanger, transports the first part of the gas flow to the gas consuming member, and of the gas flow. To provide a compressor that is connected downstream to a three-way connector capable of transporting the second part of the gas stream to the inlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger to cool the second part. ,
To provide an expansion device that is connected upstream to the outlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger and downstream to the return circuit leading to the tank, the expansion device heat exchanges to liquefy it. It is arranged to depressurize the second part of the gas stream from the second channel of the vessel.
Judging the set flow rate of gas consuming parts during tank utilization operation
Comparing the set flow rate with the determined threshold and
When the set flow rate is above or equal to the determined threshold, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through the inlet pipe and transported to the heat exchanger through the first pipe.
When the set flow rate is lower than the determined threshold, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through the suction port pipe and transported to the heat exchanger through the second pipe.

According to one embodiment, the present invention
A leak-proof and adiabatic tank with an internal space intended to be filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
A heat exchanger intended to transfer cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream collected in a tank to a fluid to be cooled, a first channel and a second channel having inlets and outlets, respectively. A heat exchanger comprising a channel and a heat exchange wall for transferring heat from the second channel to the first channel.
It is a gas phase gas collection circuit, and the gas phase gas collection circuit is
A suction pipe that is arranged to collect the gas phase gas in the tank, passes through an opening created in the wall of the tank, and appears in the interior space of the tank.
During loading of the tank, a first pipe, arranged to carry gas phase gas from the inlet pipe to a manifold intended to be connected to the gas storage terminal,
A second pipe, adiabatic, smaller gas passage than that of the first pipe, arranged to carry gas phase gas from the inlet pipe to the inlet of the first channel of the exchanger. Provided is a gas storage and processing facility with a cross section, with a second pipe, and with a gas phase gas collection circuit.

According to embodiments, such equipment may include one or more of the following characteristics:

According to one embodiment, the suction port pipe is a three-way connector capable of selectively transporting the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe to either the first pipe or the second pipe. Via, on the one hand, it is connected to the first pipe and on the other hand, it is connected to the second pipe.

According to one embodiment, the three-way connector is a three-way valve. According to another embodiment, the three-way connector is a Y-joint with three arms, the two arms connecting to first and second pipes, respectively, with valves.

According to one embodiment, the three-way connector is located at a distance of less than 20 meters, preferably less than 10 meters, preferably less than 5 meters from the opening made in the tank wall.

Advantageously, the first pipe is insulating.

According to one embodiment, the facility also comprises a compressor that is connected to a first pipe and is arranged to draw gas phase gas through the first pipe and deliver it to the manifold.

According to one embodiment, the equipment comprises a cargo hold. Advantageously, the heat exchanger is stored in the cargo hold. Advantageously, the compressor is stored in the cargo hold.

According to one embodiment, the first pipe and the second pipe extend parallel to each other between the inlet pipe and the cargo hold.

According to one embodiment, the first pipe and the second pipe can selectively carry the gas phase gas circulating in the first pipe or the second pipe to the compressor or heat exchanger, respectively. It is connected to the compressor and heat exchanger via a four-way connector.

According to one embodiment, the equipment is equipped with multiple leak-proof and adiabatic tanks, each with an internal space intended to be filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state. The phase gas collection circuit is provided with a suction port pipe for each tank, which passes through an opening formed in the wall of the tank and appears in the internal space of the tank.

According to the first embodiment modification, each suction port pipe can selectively carry the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe to either the first pipe or the second pipe. Through a three-way connector, one is connected to the first pipe and the other is connected to the second pipe.

According to one embodiment, the second pipe has a variable diameter gas passage cross section, the diameter of the gas passage cross section of the second pipe increases in the direction of the first channel of the heat exchanger and sucks. Gradually increase at each connection of the second pipe to one of the mouth pipes.

According to one embodiment, the first pipe has a variable diameter gas passage cross section, the diameter of the gas passage cross section of the first pipe increases in the direction of the manifold and is one of the inlet pipes. Gradually increase at each connection of the first pipe to.

According to a second embodiment, the equipment is also capable of transporting vapor phase gas from one of the inlet pipes to the inlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger, respectively. Each of the second pipes has a smaller gas passage cross section than that of the first pipe, and each suction port pipe has a first gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe. One is connected to the first pipe and the other is of the second pipe by a three-way connector that can be selectively transported to either one of the pipes or the second pipe. Connected to one.

According to one embodiment, the first pipe has a gas passage cross section, the diameter of which is 300-600 mm.

According to one embodiment, the second pipe has a gas passage cross section, the diameter of which is 50-200 mm.

According to one embodiment, the first and / or second pipes are formed by jacketed pipes that are concentric and have inner and outer walls that are separated from each other by an intermediate insulation space.

According to one embodiment, the inner and outer walls of the jacketed tube are made of stainless steel.

According to one embodiment, the intermediate insulation space of the second pipe is under vacuum. Such insulation makes it possible to achieve excellent insulation performance, and is therefore particularly important with respect to the amount of heat exchanged in the heat exchanger located downstream, for the second pipe. Especially suitable.

According to one embodiment, the intermediate insulation space of the first pipe is lined with an insulation material. The insulating material that lines the intermediate space of the second pipe is, for example, polymer foam or glass wool.

According to one embodiment, the equipment is also
It is connected upstream to the outlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger so as to compress the heated gas flow in the heat exchanger, transporting the first part of the gas flow to the gas consuming member and of the gas flow. With a compressor, which is connected downstream to a three-way connector capable of transporting the second part of the gas stream to the inlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger to cool the second part.
An expansion device that is connected upstream to the outlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger and downstream to the return circuit leading to the tank, derived from the second channel of the heat exchanger to liquefy it. It comprises an expansion device arranged to depressurize a second portion of the gas stream.

According to one embodiment, the facility is connected upstream to the expansion device, on the one hand to the return circuit leading to the tank and, on the other hand, downstream to the return pipe connected to the inlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger. Equipped with a connected phase separator, the phase separators are arranged to carry the liquid phase of the flammable gas stream to the return circuit and the gas phase of the flammable gas stream to the return pipe.

According to the favorable variant, the compressor is a multi-stage compressor. Advantageously, the compressor comprises a plurality of compression stages and a plurality of intermediate heat exchangers, each of which is located at one outlet of one of the compression stages.

According to one embodiment, the expansion device is an expansion valve, also known as a Joule-Thomson valve.

According to one embodiment, the gas is a flammable gas.

According to one embodiment, the gas is an LNG or LPG type gaseous mixture.

According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a vessel equipped with the equipment referred to above.

According to one embodiment, the invention also conveys gas through an insulated pipeline from a suspended gas storage terminal or an onshore gas storage terminal, or to it, to a tank in a ship's gas storage and processing facility, or from it. Provide a process for loading or unloading in such vessels.

According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a system for transferring gas, which floats the type of vessel referred to above and the tank of the equipment installed inside the vessel. Liquids from suspended gas storage terminals or onshore gas storage terminals, or to ship tanks, or through insulated pipelines and cryogenic transfer pipes, arranged to connect to gas storage terminals or onshore gas storage terminals. Equipped with a pump to take in the phase gas flow, the transfer system also connects the manifold to the gas storage terminal to allow the transfer of gas phase gas between the gas storage and processing facility and the gas storage terminal. It is equipped with a gas phase gas transfer pipe to be arranged.
The present invention provides, for example,:
(Item 1)
It ’s a gas treatment process,
To provide a leak-proof and adiabatic tank with an internal space filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
It is to provide a heat exchanger intended to transfer cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream collected in the tank to a fluid to be cooled, the heat exchangers having inlets and outlets, respectively. It is provided with a first channel and a second channel having a heat exchange wall for transferring heat from the second channel to the first channel.
During the tank loading operation, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through the opening formed in the wall of the tank and the suction port pipe that appears in the internal space of the tank, and this is used as the first. Transporting through a pipe to a manifold connected to the gas storage terminal,
During the tank utilization operation, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through the suction port pipe and transported to the heat exchanger through the second pipe. The second pipe is It is heat insulating and has a smaller gas passage cross section than that of the first pipe.
Including gas treatment process.
(Item 2)
To provide a compressor, the compressor is connected upstream to the outlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger so as to compress the heated gas flow in the heat exchanger. The first portion of the gas stream is transported to the gas consuming member, and the second portion of the gas stream is transported to the inlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger in order to cool the second portion of the gas stream. Is connected downstream to a possible three-way connector,
To provide an expansion device that is connected upstream to the outlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger and downstream to the return circuit leading to the tank, the expansion device liquefying it. Is arranged to depressurize the second portion of the gas stream from the second channel of the heat exchanger.
Judging the set flow rate of the gas consuming member during the tank utilization operation
Comparing the above set flow rate with the determined threshold value
When the set flow rate exceeds or is equal to the determined threshold value, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank via the suction port pipe and transported to the heat exchanger through the first pipe. To do and
When the set flow rate is lower than the determined threshold value, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank via the suction port pipe and transported to the heat exchanger through the second pipe. When
The gas treatment process according to item 1, further comprising.
(Item 3)
Gas storage and processing equipment
A leak-proof and adiabatic tank with an internal space intended to be filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
A heat exchanger intended to transfer cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream collected in the tank to a fluid to be cooled, the heat exchanger being a first, each having an inlet and an outlet. A heat exchanger comprising a channel and a second channel and a heat exchange wall for transferring heat from the second channel to the first channel.
It is a gas phase gas collection circuit, and the above gas phase gas collection circuit is
A suction port pipe arranged to collect the gas phase gas in the tank, and the suction port pipe passes through an opening made in the wall of the tank and appears in the internal space of the tank. With the suction port pipe,
During loading of the tank, a first pipe arranged to carry gas phase gas from the inlet pipe to a manifold intended to be connected to the gas storage terminal, and
A second pipe arranged to carry gas phase gas from the suction port pipe to the inlet of the first channel of the exchanger, the second pipe is heat insulating and is the first. With a second pipe, which has a smaller gas passage cross section than that of the pipe
With a gas phase gas collection circuit
Equipment equipped with.
(Item 4)
The suction port pipe is via a three-way connector capable of selectively transporting the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe to either the first pipe or the second pipe. The equipment according to item 3, which is connected to the first pipe on the one hand and connected to the second pipe on the other hand.
(Item 5)
The equipment according to item 4, wherein the three-way connector is located at a distance of less than 20 meters, preferably less than 10 meters, preferably less than 5 meters from an opening made in the tank wall.
(Item 6)
One of items 3-5, also comprising a compressor, which is connected to the first pipe and is arranged to draw gas phase gas through the first pipe and deliver it to the manifold. Equipment described in the section.
(Item 7)
The cargo compartment is provided, the heat exchanger and the compressor are housed in the cargo compartment, and the first pipe and the second pipe are parallel to each other between the suction port pipe and the cargo compartment. The equipment according to item 6 to be extended.
(Item 8)
Each of the first pipe and the second pipe can selectively carry the gas phase gas circulating in the first pipe or the second pipe to the compressor or the heat exchanger. 7. Equipment according to item 7, which is connected to the compressor and the heat exchanger via a four-way connector.
(Item 9)
A plurality of leak-proof and heat-insulating tanks are provided, and each of the above-mentioned leak-proof and heat-insulating tanks has an internal space intended to be filled with a gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state. The gas phase gas collection circuit includes a suction port pipe for each tank, which passes through an opening formed in the wall of the tank and appears in the internal space of the tank, item 3-5. Equipment described in any one of them.
(Item 10)
Each suction port pipe is via a three-way connector capable of selectively transporting the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe to either the first pipe or the second pipe. The equipment according to item 9, which is connected to the first pipe on the one hand and connected to the second pipe on the other hand.
(Item 11)
The second pipe has a variable diameter gas passage cross section, and the diameter of the gas passage cross section of the second pipe increases in the direction of the first channel of the heat exchanger, and the suction port pipe The equipment according to item 10, which is gradually increased in each connection of the second pipe to one of them.
(Item 12)
A plurality of second pipes are also provided, and each of the plurality of second pipes carries gas phase gas from one of the suction port pipes to the inlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger. Each of the second pipes has a smaller gas passage cross section than that of the first pipe, and each suction port pipe is a gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe. Is connected to the first pipe on the one hand and on the other hand by a three-way connector capable of selectively transporting the pipe to either the first pipe or one of the second pipes. The equipment according to item 10, which is connected to one of the second pipes.
(Item 13)
Of items 3-5, the first pipe has a gas passage cross section having a diameter of 300 to 600 mm, and the second pipe has a gas passage cross section having a diameter of 50 to 200 mm. Equipment described in any one item.
(Item 14)
Item 3-5, wherein the first and / or second pipe is formed by a jacketed pipe having an inner wall and an outer wall, and the inner wall and the outer wall are concentric and separated from each other by an intermediate insulation space. Equipment described in any one of them.
(Item 15)
The equipment according to item 14, wherein the intermediate heat insulating space of the second pipe is under vacuum.
(Item 16)
The equipment according to item 14 or 15, wherein the intermediate insulation space of the first pipe is lined with an insulation material.
(Item 17)
A compressor, the compressor is connected upstream to the outlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger so as to compress the heated gas flow in the heat exchanger, and the first of the gas flows. The portion can be transported to the gas consuming member, and the second portion of the gas flow can be transported to the inlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger in order to cool the second portion of the gas flow. With the compressor, which is connected downstream to the directional connector,
An expansion device that is connected upstream to the outlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger and downstream to the return circuit that connects to the tank, the expansion device is the heat exchange that liquefies it. With an expansion device arranged to depressurize the second portion of the gas stream from the second channel of the vessel.
The equipment according to any one of items 3-5, which also comprises.
(Item 18)
A ship for transporting gas and equipped with the equipment according to item 3.
(Item 19)
A gas transfer system, the system is arranged such that the vessel according to item 16 and the tank of the equipment installed in the vessel of the vessel are connected to a suspended gas storage terminal or a land gas storage terminal. Provided with a cryogenic transfer pipe and a pump for drawing a liquid phase gas stream through the cryogenic transfer pipe, from the suspended gas storage terminal or the onshore gas storage terminal, or to the tank of the vessel or from the tank. The transfer system is arranged to connect the manifold to the gas storage terminal and allow the transfer of gas phase gas between the gas storage and processing facility and the gas storage terminal. A transfer system that also has a pipe.
(Item 20)
The vessel according to item 16, wherein the gas is conducted from a suspended gas storage terminal or an onshore gas storage terminal through a cryogenic transfer pipe, or to a tank of the gas storage and processing facility of the vessel, or from it. The process for discharging.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention is better understood from the following description of some particular embodiments of the invention given for illustration purposes only, and further goals, details. , Characteristics, and their advantages will become clearer.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas storage and processing facility according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of the equipment illustrating first and second pipes extending in parallel between the gas phase gas collector of the tank and the cargo hold. FIG. 3 is another partial perspective view of the equipment illustrating the first and second pipes extending in parallel between the gas phase gas collector of the tank and the cargo hold. FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of the equipment in which the first and second pipes connect the suction port pipes of each tank to the cargo hold, respectively, according to one embodiment, and the structure of the first and second pipes. It has a detailed view. In FIG. 5, each of the first and second pipes connects several inlet pipes to the cargo hold, each of which increases in diameter once the pipe is connected to an additional inlet pipe. It is a partial perspective view of the equipment which has a cross section. FIG. 6 is a partial perspective of the equipment in which the first pipe connects several inlet pipes to the cargo hold, each of which is also connected to the cargo hold via a separate second pipe. It is a figure. FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a ship and a transfer system for loading / unloading flammable gas. FIG. 8 is a function of the flow rate (at Kg / h) when the gas phase gas extracted from the tank is transported through the first pipe (curve a) and through the second pipe (curve b). It is a graph which shows the energy increase estimate value (at kJ / Kg) of.

In the description and claims, the term "gas" has general properties and refers without preference to a gas composed of a single pure substance or a gaseous mixture composed of multiple components.

The gas storage and processing facility 1 is shown in FIG. Such equipment 1 can be installed on land or on a floating structure. In the case of floating structures, the facility may be intended for liquefied or regasified barges, or for liquefied natural gas cargo ships such as methane tankers.

Equipment 1 includes one or more leak-proof and heat-insulating tanks 2. Each tank 2 comprises an internal space intended to be filled with gas. The gas is a flammable gas, in particular liquefied natural gas (LNG), i.e. primarily methane, and in a small proportion ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane. , Neopentane, and other hydrocarbons, such as nitrogen, which may be a gaseous mixture. The flammable gas can also be ethane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining, essentially comprising propane and butane and nitrogen in a small proportion.

The gas is stored in the internal space of each tank 2 in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state. The gas is therefore present in the gas phase in the upper portion 3 of the tank 2 and in the liquid phase in the lower portion 4 of the tank 2. As an example, the equilibrium temperature of the liquefied natural gas corresponding to its liquid two-phase equilibrium state is about -162 ° C. when it is stored at atmospheric pressure.

Equipment 1 includes a gas phase gas collection circuit 5. The circuit passes through an opening made in the upper wall of the tank 2 for each tank 2 and thus is maximally filled in the gaseous headspace of the tank 2, i.e., with liquefied gas. It is provided with a suction port pipe 6 that appears above the height. The inlet pipe 6 thus makes it possible to extract the gas phase of the gas stored in the tank 2. As an example, such a suction port pipe 6 is described in FR 29844 454.

Each suction port pipe 6 is connected to the first and second pipes 8 and 9 via a three-way connector 7. The three-way connector 7 is a connector capable of selectively connecting the suction port pipe 6 to either the first pipe 8 or the second pipe 9. In the embodiments shown, the three-way connector 7 is a three-way valve. In another embodiment, although not shown, the three-way connector 7 comprises a Y-shaped connector, the two arms of which are connected to first and second pipes 8 and 9, respectively having an adjustable valve. ..

The second pipe 9 is connected to the heat exchanger 12. The heat exchanger 12 transfers heat from the second channel 14 to the first channel 13 and the first and second channels 13 and 14 having inlets 13a and 14a and outlets 13b and 14b, respectively. It is equipped with an exchange wall. The heat exchanger 12 is a countercurrent exchanger so as to optimize heat exchange. The inlet 13a of the first channel 13 is connected to the second pipe 9 so as to heat a gas stream derived from natural vaporization collected in the tank 2. The outlet 13b of the first channel 13 is connected to a compressor 15 for compressing the gas flow to a pressure compatible with the operation of the gas consuming members 23, 24, 25.

In the embodiment shown, the compressor 15 is a multi-stage compressor. In other words, the compressor 15 has intermediate heat exchangers 16a, 16b, 16c arranged at the respective outlets of the plurality of compression stages 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e and the compression stages 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e. , 16d, 16e and the like. The intermediate heat exchangers 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e are intended to cool the compressed gas between the two compression steps 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e. As an embodiment, intermediate heat exchangers 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e specifically provide exchange with seawater, thus bringing the compressed gas stream to a temperature substantially equal to that of seawater. Can be made possible.

Downstream of the compressor 15, equipment 1 transports the first portion of the gas flow to the gas consuming member 25 and the second portion of the gas flow to the inlet 14a of the second channel 14 of the heat exchanger 12. A three-way connector 17 for this purpose is provided. The three-way connectors 17 vary in the proportion of gas circulating in the gas consuming member 25 and in the inlet 14a of the second channel 14 of the heat exchanger 12, respectively, as a function of the gas demand of the gas consuming member 25. Driven by a control unit, arranged in.

Further, if the gas consuming members 23, 24, 25 have different feed pressures as in the embodiments shown, the equipment 1 is located between the two compression steps 15b, 15c and thus the outlet of the compressor 15. In front of, an intermediate three-way connector 18 is provided that allows a portion of the gas flow to be diverted to the gas consuming members 23, 24. Such an arrangement, once it has passed a sufficient number of compression steps 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e and reaches the feed pressure corresponding to the gas consuming members 23, 24, gas the gas consuming member 23. , 24 can be diverted.

In the embodiments shown, equipment 1 comprises three different types of gas consuming components, namely a burner 23, a generator 24, and, for example, a ME-GI type motor 25 for propelling the ship.

The compressor 15 is sized as a function of the gas consuming components 23, 24, 25 intended to be powered, in particular as a function of its maximum feed rate and pressure level at which flammable gas must be distributed. Will be done. Thus, when one of the gas consuming members 25 is a ME-GI type motor, the compressor 15 has a gas flow leaving the compressor 17 typically having an absolute pressure of 250-300 bar. It is sized like this.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment, the operating speed of the compressor 27 is constant and substantially corresponds to the maximum flow rate of the gas consuming member. Therefore, the control unit acts on the three-way connectors 17 and 18 to match the flow rate of the gas flow carried to the gas consuming member as a function of its demand.

The second portion of the gas stream is cooled in the second channel 14 of the heat exchanger 12 during the transfer of its heat to the gas phase gas from the gas phase gas collection circuit 5.

The outlet 14b of the second channel 14 of the heat exchanger 12 is connected to the phase separator 19 via an expansion device 20, through which the gas stream is at a pressure substantially equal to the predominant pressure in the tank 2. For example, it will be reduced to a pressure close to atmospheric pressure. As a result, the gas stream undergoes expansion, which results in a reduction in its temperature and its liquefaction, at least in part, through the Joule-Thomson effect. The expansion device 20 is, for example, an expansion valve.

The phase separator 19, sometimes referred to as the mist separator, allows the liquid phase to be separated from the gas phase. Downstream, the phase separator 19 is connected, on the one hand, to the return circuit 21 leading to the tank 2 and, on the other hand, to the return pipe 22 connected to the inlet 13a of the first channel 13 of the heat exchanger 12. .. The phase separator 19 thus transports the liquid phase of the gas to the tank 2, while the gas phase is returned to the inlet 13a of the first channel 13 of the heat exchanger 12.

In addition, the first pipe 8 is intended to carry gas phase gas to shipping or port terminals during the transfer of gas cargo from or to tank 2. In fact, during the transfer of liquefied gas from or to tank 2, the gas phase is transferred to or in the opposite direction to tank 2 so as to keep the pressure in tank 2 substantially constant. is required. To allow such transfer, the first pipe 8 is arranged to carry the gas phase gas to the manifold 11 which is intended to be connected to the terminal via an adiabatic pipeline.

According to one embodiment, the equipment 1 also comprises a compressor 10 for sucking a gas stream through the first pipe 8 and returning it to the manifold 11. According to another embodiment, the equipment 1 may not be accompanied by such a compressor, in which case the gas transfer between the tank 2 and the terminal is carried out using the compressor of the terminal. According to another embodiment, a part of the compression stages 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e of the multi-stage compressor 15 sucks the gas flow through the first pipe 8 and transports the gas flow to the manifold 11. Can be used. This connects the first pipe 8 upstream of the compressor stage 15 so that the compressed gas flow is diverted to the manifold 11 which is intended to be connected to the loading / unloading terminal via an insulating pipeline. It means that the three-way connectors are arranged downstream of the compression stage involved.

In connection with FIGS. 3 and 4, the structure of the gas phase gas collection circuit 5 according to one embodiment is observed more specifically. The first and second pipes 8 and 9 extend parallel to each other between the three-way connector 7 and the cargo hold 26. Specifically, advantageously, most gas treatment equipment such as compressors 10 and 15, heat exchanger 13, expansion device 20, and phase separator 19 are reorganized in the cargo hold 26.

The first and second pipes 8 and 9 have different gas passage cross sections, and the gas passage cross section of the second pipe 9 is smaller than that of the first pipe 8. The dimensions of the gas passage cross section of the first pipe 8 and the second pipe 9 are as a function of the gas flow rate that tends to pass through it for their individual use cases, respectively, and to limit the heating of the gas. It is judged.

The heating of the gas circulating in the pipe depends on two opposing phenomena. On the one hand, the heating of the gas circulating in the pipe depends on the heat transfer that occurs between the outside and the inside of the pipe. The strength of these heat transfers clearly depends on the adiabatic properties of the pipe, but also on the residence time of the gas in the pipe, and thus on the flow rate and cross section of the pipe. Specifically, for equal flow rates, the gas spends a longer time in a pipe with a larger cross section, resulting in a more heated state. On the other hand, the heating of the gas circulating in the pipe also depends on the phenomenon of viscous dissipation, which leads to an increase in the heating of the fluid as the cross section of the pipe decreases for the same flow rate. Therefore, there are optimal dimensions of the gas passage cross section that allow limited heating of the gas for a given flow rate.

The cross section of the first pipe 8 is sized as a function of the rate of gas phase gas transfer between the tank 2 and the loading / unloading terminal that tends to be used during loading or unloading of the tank. As an example, for loading or unloading a tank of methane tankers, the gas phase gas transfer rate that tends to be produced through the first pipe 8 is about 12,000 to 14,000 m ³ / hour. Therefore, with respect to such flow rates, the cross section of the first pipe 8 typically has a diameter of 300-600 mm.

The cross section of the second pipe 9 is sized for a portion thereof as a function of the average flow rate which tends to be used to supply the gas consuming members 23, 24, 25 of the equipment 1. As an example, with respect to the gas feed of a ME-GI type motor that tends to propel a ship, the average gas phase gas transfer rate that tends to be produced through the second pipe 9 is about 4,700 m ³ / hour. Is. Therefore, with respect to such flow rates, the cross section of the second pipe 9 typically has a diameter of 50-200 mm.

Curves a and b in FIG. 8 represent heating of the gas circulating in the first and second pipes 9, respectively, as a function of flow rate. FIG. 8 shows that for flow rates below 8,000 Kg / hour, gas heating is lower in the second pipe 9 than in the first pipe 8 while for flow rates above 8,000 Kg / hour. It shows that the heating of the gas is lower in the first pipe 8 than in the second pipe 9. Therefore, as an example, at a flow rate of about 4,000 kg / hour, the heating of the gas circulating in the second pipe 9 is slightly lower than 3 ° C., while the gas circulating in the second pipe 9 The heating of is about 15 ° C. For example, at a lower flow rate of 2,000 kg / hour, which corresponds to the situation where a high flow rate gas circulates through the return pipe 22, the heating of the gas circulating in the second pipe 9 is less than 6 ° C. On the other hand, the heating of the gas circulating in the second pipe 9 is about 30 ° C.

Advantageously, the three-way connector 7 is located close to the opening of the tank 2 through which the inlet pipe 7 passes. In other words, the three-way connector 7 is located at a distance of less than 20 meters, preferably less than 10 meters, preferably less than 5 meters from the opening made in the tank wall. Thus, pipes 8 and 9 through which the gas passes virtually as soon as the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank 2 have a cross section optimized as a function of its flow rate. This also contributes to minimizing the heating of the gas.

Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, it is observed that the first pipe 8 and the second pipe 9 are connected to the compressor 10 and the heat exchanger 12 via the four-way connector 27, respectively. .. The four-way connector 27 is a compressor 10 or gas to return the gas phase gas circulating in the first pipe 8 or the second pipe 9 to a manifold intended to be connected to the gas storage terminal. It can be selectively transported to any of the heat exchangers 11 because it is partially transported to the consumable member and partially returned to the second channel of the heat exchanger 11. In the embodiment shown, the four-way connector 27 is composed of a three-way valve 28, which is connected to a Y-shaped coupler, the two arms of which are heat exchangers 12 comprising valves 29, 30, respectively. And leads to the compressor 10.

Therefore, in certain specific use cases, it is also possible to carry the gas phase gas from the first pipe 8 to the heat exchanger 12.

Such gas circulation can be particularly useful in the following specific use cases.
-In 24-48 hours after loading tank 2. Specifically, in this case, the degree of natural vaporization in the tank 2 can reach a value of about 180% of the degree of natural vaporization in the equilibrium state. In this case, the gas phase gas collected in the tank 2 can be transported to the heat exchanger 12 through the first pipe 8 at a relatively high flow rate so as to reliquefy a large amount of gas.
-With all other conditions in which the degree of natural vaporization in tank 2 significantly exceeds the degree of natural vaporization in equilibrium, namely stormy weather conditions, going out into rough seas after a long cycle stop, and partial filling of the tank. Go out to the calm sea.
-Some damage, especially under fire conditions, such as transporting the vapor phase gas to the gas consuming members 23, 24, 25 at a high flow rate in order to discharge the tank 2 as quickly as possible.

Further, according to one embodiment, the gas phase gas extracted from the tank 2 is a heat exchanger through either the first pipe 8 or the second pipe in a function of the demand of the gas consuming members 23, 24, 25. It is transported to 12. Therefore, when the set flow rate of the gas consuming members 23, 24, 25 is compared with the determined threshold value and the set flow rate exceeds or is equal to the determined threshold value, the gas phase gas is the first pipe. On the other hand, when the set flow rate is lower than the determined threshold value, the gas phase gas is transported through the second pipe.

The set flow rate corresponds approximately to a flow rate in which the energy increase is equal for gas circulation in the first pipe 8 and the second pipe 9. Therefore, as an example, for the first and second pipes 8 and 9 having the dimensions and adiabatic features corresponding to the curves a and b of FIG. 8, the determined threshold is 6,600-10,000 kg / hour. For example, it is about 8,000 kg / hour.

As shown in FIG. 4, the equipment 1 may include a plurality of tanks 2, which are three in FIG. Therefore, each tank 2 includes a suction port pipe 6 that passes through an opening made in the upper wall of the tank 2 and appears in the gaseous headspace of the tank 2. Each of the suction port pipes 6 is connected to the first pipe 8 on the one hand and to the second pipe 9 on the other hand via the three-way connector 7. Therefore, the gaseous headspace of the tank 6 is connected in series to the first pipe 8 on the one hand and to the second pipe 9 on the other hand.

In connection with FIG. 5, the detailed structure of the first pipe 8 and the second pipe 9 according to one embodiment is also observed. The first and second pipes 8 and 9, respectively, are formed by jacketed pipes having two cylindrical and concentric walls 8a, 8b: 9a, 9b separated from each other by intermediate insulation spaces 8c, 9c, respectively. The two walls 8a, 8b: 9a, 9b are made of, for example, stainless steel.

The intermediate insulation space 8c of the first pipe 8 is lined with an insulating material such as polymer foam or glass wool. The intermediate insulation space 9c of the second pipe 9 is placed under vacuum, which contributes to obtaining excellent insulation properties.

The first and second pipes 8, 9 are advantageously allowed along the longitudinal direction to allow their contraction and expansion, depending on whether the gas phase gas flow passes through it. It has a compensating device that provides flexibility. To do this, the first pipe 8 has a compensating loop 31, i.e. a U-shape that uses a 90 ° bend. Such compensating devices contribute to bulkiness and prolongation of travel time, resulting in increased gas heating, which is relatively expensive. The second pipe 9, on the other hand, is virtually straight over its entire length. Therefore, the inner wall 9b of the second pipe 9 has a constant gusset area 32 to allow its expansion and contraction.

In connection with FIG. 5, according to an advantageous embodiment, the diameter of each gas aisle cross section of the first and second pipes 8 and 9 is variable and this diameter increases as it approaches the cargo hold 26. However, a gradual increase is observed at each connection of the pipe to one of the suction port pipes 6.

In other words, the cross sections of the first and second pipes 8 and 9, respectively, are the first in the first portion extending between the tank 2 farthest from the cargo hold 26 and the second adjacent tank. diameter _d8 1, d9 have _one, second have a diameter _d8 2, d9 ₂ in the second portion between the second tank and third adjacent tank, a third tank and cargo hold in the third part between 26 having a third diameter d8 _3, d9 _3, the diameter referred to above correspond to the following inequalities.
d9 ₁ <d9 ₂ <d9 ₃ << d8 ₁ <d8 ₂ <d8 ₃

Such an arrangement takes into account the increase in gas flow in the first and second pipes 8 and 9, and when they are connected to the other inlet pipe 6, the pipes 8 and 9 are as closely as possible. Allows the cross section to be sized. This also contributes to limiting the heating of the gas in the first and second pipes 8 and 9.

FIG. 6 shows equipment 1 according to an alternative embodiment. This embodiment differs from the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 in that the equipment 1 includes a second pipe 9, 9', 9 "for each tank 2. Second pipes 9, 9', 9". Can carry gas phase gas from one of the suction port pipes 6 to the inlet 13a of the first channel 13 of the heat exchanger 12, respectively. In other words, the inlet pipe 6 is connected to each of the first pipe 8 and the second pipes 9, 9', 9 "via the three-way connector 7, respectively. Such an arrangement is with the tank 2. In order to carry gas to and from the heat exchanger 12, the gas phase gas flow to be carried to the heat exchanger 12 comes from only one of the tanks 2 or from all of the tanks 2. Regardless, it is advantageous in that the gas circulates in pipes 9, 9', 9 "where its dimensions are optimized as a function of the gas flow rate it tends to pass through.

FIG. 7 shows a transfer system 40 for loading / unloading flammable gas such as liquefied natural gas to form an interface between the ship 41 and floating or land equipment (not shown). As described above, the ship 41 is provided with equipment for supplying flammable gas to the gas consuming member and liquefying the flammable gas. As an embodiment, the liquidtight and insulated tank (not shown) is in the form of a substantially prismatic shape and is mounted inside the double vessel of a ship.

Product transfer is ensured by an immersion cryogenic line represented by 42. The transfer system 40, which forms an interface between the vessel 41 and the floating or land equipment, connects at least one platform 43 supporting the storage / handling gantry 44 and the immersion cryogenic line 42 to the flexible transfer pipe 46. It is equipped with a main platform 45 for incorporating all the devices that enable it. Each flexible transfer pipe 46 is intended to be connected to the ship's manifold 47 through a connection module 48. The ship manifold 47 is connected to the tank using a loading / unloading pipeline arranged on the upper deck of the ship 41 to transfer liquefied gas cargo from or to the tank.

The main function of the gantry 44 is to use a crane and winch to allow the handling and storage of transfer parts, i.e., the movable ends of each connection module 48 and flexible transfer pipe 46.

According to one embodiment, the transfer system comprises three parallel flexible transfer pipes 46, two of which allow the transfer of liquefied natural gas between floating or land equipment and the ship. On the other hand, a third transfer pipe allows the transfer of gas to balance the pressure in the gaseous headspace of the ship's tank.

An onboard pump in ship 41 is used and / or a pump is installed in a land facility and / or a pump is used to generate the pressure required for the transfer of liquefied gas. , Fitted into the transfer system 40.

The present invention has been described in connection with some particular embodiments, but is not limited thereto, and where these fall within the scope of the invention, all technical means of the described means. It is clear that the equivalents and combinations thereof are provided.

The use of the verbs "with" or "contains" or "contains" and their conjugations does not preclude the existence of elements or steps other than those set forth in the claims.

Therefore, methods and equipment implemented according to some non-limiting embodiments of the present art can be expressed as follows, as presented in the numbered appendices.

Appendix 1. It ’s a gas treatment process,
To provide a leak-proof and heat-insulating tank (2) having an internal space filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
To provide a heat exchanger (12) intended to transfer cold temperature to a fluid to be cooled from a gas phase gas stream collected in a tank (2), the heat exchanger (12). A first channel and a second channel (13, 14) having an inlet (13a, 14a) and an outlet (13b, 14b), respectively, and a second channel (14) to a first channel (13). To have a heat exchange wall to transfer heat to
During the loading operation of the tank (2), the gas phase gas from the tank (2) passes through the opening formed in the wall of the tank (2) and passes through the suction port pipe (6) that appears in the internal space of the tank. Is extracted and transported to the manifolds (11, 47) connected to the gas storage terminal through the first pipe (8).
During the tank utilization operation, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank (2) via the suction port pipe (6) and transported to the heat exchanger (12) through the second pipe (9). The gas treatment process, wherein the second pipe is heat insulating and has a smaller gas passage cross section than that of the first pipe (8).

Appendix 2. To provide a compressor (15), the compressor of the first channel (13) of the heat exchanger (12) so as to compress the heated gas stream in the heat exchanger (12). Connected upstream to the outlet (13b), the first portion of the gas stream is carried to the gas consuming members (23, 24, 25) and the second portion of the gas stream is cooled to cool the second portion of the gas stream. It is connected downstream to a three-way connector (17, 18) capable of transporting the portion to the inlet (14a) of the second channel (14) of the heat exchanger (12).
Provided is an expansion device (20) connected upstream to the outlet (14b) of the second channel (14) of the heat exchanger (12) and downstream to the return circuit (21) leading to the tank (2). The expansion device (20) is arranged to depressurize the second portion of the gas stream from the second channel (14) of the heat exchanger (12) to liquefy it. And that
Determining the set flow rate of gas consuming members (23, 24, 25) during tank utilization operation
Comparing the set flow rate with the determined threshold and
When the set flow rate is above or equal to the determined threshold, gas phase gas is extracted from the tank (2) via the inlet pipe (6) and heat exchanged through the first pipe (8). To carry it to the vessel (12) and
When the set flow rate is lower than the determined threshold, gas phase gas is extracted from the tank (2) via the suction port pipe (6) and passed through the second pipe (9) to the heat exchanger ( The gas treatment process according to Appendix 1, further comprising transporting to 12).

Appendix 3. Gas storage and processing equipment (1)
A leak-proof and heat-insulating tank (2) with an internal space intended to be filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
A heat exchanger (12) intended to transfer cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream collected in a tank (2) to a fluid to be cooled, each of which is a heat exchanger (12). Heat transfer from the first channel (13, 14) having inlets (13a, 14a) and outlets (13b, 14b) and from the second channel (14) to the first channel (13). A heat exchanger (12) with a heat exchange wall for the purpose of
The gas phase gas collection circuit (5) is a gas phase gas collection circuit (5).
A suction port pipe (6) arranged to collect the gas phase gas in the tank (2), and the suction port pipe passes through an opening made in the wall of the tank (2) and passes through the tank. The suction port pipe (6) that appears in the internal space of
A first pipe (8) arranged to carry gas phase gas from a suction pipe (6) to a manifold (11) intended to be connected to a gas storage terminal during loading of the tank (2). When,
A second pipe (9) arranged to carry gas phase gas from the suction port pipe (6) to the inlet (13a) of the first channel (13) of the exchanger (12). The second pipe (9) and the second pipe (9) are insulating and have a smaller gas passage cross section than that of the first pipe (8).
Equipment (1), including a gas phase gas collection circuit (5).

Appendix 4. The suction port pipe (6) can selectively carry the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe (6) to either the first pipe (8) or the second pipe (9). The equipment (1) according to Appendix 3, which, on the one hand, is connected to the first pipe (8) and, on the other hand, to the second pipe (9) via a possible three-way connector (7). ..

Appendix 5. The equipment according to Appendix 4, wherein the three-way connector (7) is located at a distance of less than 20 meters, preferably less than 10 meters, preferably less than 5 meters from an opening made in the tank wall. 1).

Appendix 6. Also comprising a compressor (10), which is connected to a first pipe (8) and arranged to draw gas phase gas through the first pipe (8) and deliver it to the manifold (11), appendix. Equipment (1) according to any one of 3-5.

Appendix 7. A cargo compartment (26) is provided, the heat exchanger (12) and the compressor (11) are housed in the cargo compartment (26), and the first pipe (8) and the second pipe (9) are suction ports. The equipment (1) according to Appendix 6, which extends parallel to each other between the pipe (6) and the cargo hold (26).

Appendix 8. Each of the first pipe (8) and the second pipe (9) compresses the gas phase gas circulating in the first pipe (8) or the second pipe (9) into a compressor (11) or a heat exchanger. The equipment (1) according to Appendix 7, which is connected to the compressor (11) and the heat exchanger (12) via a four-way connector (27) that can be selectively transported to (12).

Appendix 9. It comprises a plurality of leak-proof and adiabatic tanks (2), each of which is intended to be filled with a gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state. With an internal space, the gas phase gas collection circuit (5) passes through an opening made in the wall of the tank (2) for each tank (2) and enters the internal space of the tank (2). The equipment (1) according to any one of Appendix 3-8, which is provided with a suction port pipe (6) that appears.

Appendix 10. Each suction port pipe (6) selectively transports the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe (6) to either the first pipe (8) or the second pipe (9). The equipment (1) according to Appendix 9, which, on the one hand, is connected to the first pipe (8) and, on the other hand, to the second pipe (9) via a three-way connector (7) capable of ).

Appendix 11. The second pipe (9) has a variable diameter gas passage cross section, and the diameter of the gas passage cross section of the second pipe (9) is that of the first channel (13) of the heat exchanger (12). The equipment (1) according to Appendix 10, which increases in direction and gradually increases at each connection of the second pipe (9) to one of the inlet pipes (6).

Appendix 12. It also comprises a plurality of second pipes (9, 9', 9 "), each of which is from one of the inlet pipes (6) to the second of the heat exchanger (12). It is possible to carry the vapor phase gas to the inlet (13a) of the channel (13) of one, and each of the second pipes (9, 9', 9 ") is that of the first pipe (8). Each inlet pipe (6) has a smaller gas passage cross section and allows the vapor phase gas collected through the inlet pipe (6) to be collected through the first pipe (8) or the second pipe (9). ) Is connected to the first pipe (8) on the one hand and the second pipe (9,) on the other hand by a three-way connector (7) capable of selectively transporting to any one of the The equipment (1) according to Appendix 10, which is connected to one of 9', 9 ").

Appendix 13. The first pipe (8) has a gas passage cross section having a diameter of 300 to 600 mm, and the second pipe (9) has a gas passage cross section having a diameter of 50 to 200 mm, Appendix 3-. The equipment (1) according to any one of 12.

Appendix 14. The first and / or second pipes (8, 9) are formed by jacketed pipes with inner walls (8b, 9b) and outer walls (8a, 9a), the inner and outer walls being concentric and intermediate. The equipment (1) according to any one of Appendix 3-13, which is separated from each other by a heat insulating space (8c, 9c).

Appendix 15. The equipment (1) according to Appendix 14, wherein the intermediate insulation space (9c) of the second pipe (9) is under vacuum.

Appendix 16. The equipment (1) according to Appendix 14 or 15, wherein the intermediate insulation space (8c) of the first pipe (8) is lined with an insulation material.

Appendix 17. A compressor (15), the outlet (13b) of the first channel (13) of the heat exchanger (12) so that the compressor compresses the heated gas stream in the heat exchanger (12). The first part of the gas stream is transported to the gas consuming members (23, 24, 25) and the second part of the gas stream is heat exchanged to cool the second part of the gas stream. A compressor (15) connected downstream to a three-way connector (17, 18) capable of transporting to the inlet (14a) of the second channel (14) of the vessel (12).
An expansion device (20) connected upstream to the outlet (14b) of the second channel (14) of the heat exchanger (12) and downstream to the return circuit (21) leading to the tank (2). The expansion device (20) is arranged to depressurize a second portion of the gas stream from the second channel (14) of the heat exchanger (12) to liquefy it. ) And the equipment (1) according to any one of Appendix 3-16.

Appendix 18. A ship (40) for transporting gas, which is provided with the equipment (1) according to any one of Appendix 3-17.

Appendix 19. A gas transfer system, the system is arranged so as to connect the vessel (40) described in Appendix 16 and the tank of the equipment installed inside the vessel to a suspended gas storage terminal or a land gas storage terminal. The liquid phase gas stream is taken from the suspended gas storage terminal or the onshore gas storage terminal, or to the ship's tank (2), through the cryogenic transfer pipes (42, 46) and the cryogenic transfer pipes. The transfer system is equipped with a pump for connecting the manifolds (11, 47) to the gas storage terminal, allowing the transfer of gas phase gas between the gas storage and processing facility (1) and the gas storage terminal. A transfer system that also includes a gas phase gas transfer pipe, arranged to do so.

Appendix 20. 16. The gas is conducted from a suspended gas storage terminal or an onshore gas storage terminal, or to a tank of a ship's gas storage and processing facility, or from it, through cryogenic transfer pipes (42, 46). The process for loading or unloading on a ship (40).

Claims (16)

It ’s a gas treatment process,
To provide a leak-proof and adiabatic tank with an internal space filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
To provide a heat exchanger intended to transfer cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream collected in the tank to a fluid to be cooled, the heat exchangers having inlets and outlets, respectively. It is provided with a first channel and a second channel having a heat exchange wall for transferring heat from the second channel to the first channel.
To provide a compressor, the compressor is connected upstream to the outlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger so as to compress a gas stream heated in the heat exchanger, and three downstream. Connected to a directional connector, the three-way connector transports a first portion of the gas stream to a gas consuming member and cools the second portion of the gas stream with a second portion of the gas stream. It can be transported to the inlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger, and
To provide an expansion device, the expansion device is connected upstream to the outlet of a second channel of the heat exchanger and downstream to a return circuit, the return circuit connecting to the tank, said The expansion device is arranged to depressurize a second portion of the gas stream from the second channel of the heat exchanger to liquefy it.
During the tank loading operation, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through the opening formed in the wall of the tank and the suction port pipe that appears in the internal space of the tank, and this is used as the first. Transporting through a pipe to a manifold connected to a gas storage terminal , wherein the first pipe is selectively connected to the manifold on the one hand and to the heat exchanger on the other hand.
Including
The gas treatment process
Judging the set flow rate of the gas consuming member during the tank utilization operation
Comparing the set flow rate with the determined threshold value
When the set flow rate exceeds the determined threshold value or is equal to the determined threshold value, gas phase gas is extracted from the tank via the suction port pipe, and this is passed through the first pipe. Transporting to a heat exchanger and
When the set flow rate is lower than the determined threshold value, the gas phase gas is extracted from the tank through the suction port pipe and transported to the heat exchanger through the second pipe. Further including gas treatment process. Gas storage and processing equipment
A leak-proof and adiabatic tank with an internal space intended to be filled with gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state.
A first heat exchanger intended to transfer cold temperature from a gas phase gas stream collected in the tank to a fluid to be cooled, the heat exchanger having an inlet and an outlet, respectively. A heat exchanger comprising a channel and a second channel and a heat exchange wall for transferring heat from the second channel to the first channel.
It is a gas phase gas collection circuit, and the gas phase gas collection circuit is
A suction port pipe arranged to collect the gas phase gas in the tank, the suction port pipe passes through an opening made in the wall of the tank and appears in the internal space of the tank. With the suction port pipe,
During loading of the tank, a first pipe arranged to carry gas phase gas from the inlet pipe to a manifold intended to be connected to the gas storage terminal.
A second pipe arranged to carry gas phase gas from the suction port pipe to the inlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger, the second pipe is heat insulating and said. has a smaller gas passage cross-section than the gas passage section of the first pipe, a second pipe,
A compressor connected to the first pipe, wherein the compressor is arranged to draw gas phase gas through the first pipe and deliver it to the manifold.
In the cargo compartment, the heat exchanger and the compressor are housed in the cargo compartment, and the first pipe and the second pipe are parallel to each other between the suction port pipe and the cargo compartment. Each of the first pipe and the second pipe, which is extended, selectively transports the gas phase gas circulating in the first pipe or the second pipe to the compressor or the heat exchanger. With a cargo compartment connected to the compressor and the heat exchanger via a four-way connector capable of
A facility equipped with a gas phase gas collection circuit. The suction port pipe is via a three-way connector capable of selectively transporting the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe to either the first pipe or the second pipe. , on the one hand, is connected before Symbol first pipe, on the other hand are connected to the front Stories second pipe, installation according to claim 2. It said three-way connector from the opening made in the tank wall, are arranged in the distance that falls below 20 meters Installation according to claim 3. A plurality of leak-proof and heat-insulating tanks are provided, and each of the plurality of leak-proof and heat-insulating tanks has an internal space intended to be filled with a gas in a liquid-liquid two-phase equilibrium state. wherein the gas-phase gas collection circuit, for each of the tank, through the opening made in the wall of the tank, appearing within the interior space of the tank, comprising an inlet pipe, claims 2 to 4 Equipment described in any one of the items. Each suction port pipe is via a three-way connector capable of selectively transporting the gas phase gas collected through the suction port pipe to either the first pipe or the second pipe. , on the one hand, it is connected before Symbol first pipe, on the other hand are connected to the front Stories second pipe, facility according to claim 5. The second pipe has a variable diameter gas passage cross section, and the diameter of the gas passage cross section of the second pipe increases in the direction of the first channel of the heat exchanger to that of the suction port pipe. The equipment according to claim 6 , which is gradually increased in each connection of the second pipe to one of them. A plurality of second pipes are also provided, and each of the plurality of second pipes carries gas phase gas from one of the suction port pipes to the inlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger. Each of the second pipes has a gas passage cross section smaller than the gas passage cross section of the first pipe, and each suction port pipe has air collected through the suction port pipe. by the three-way connector that can selectively carry phase gas into one or the one of said first pipe or said second pipe, on the one hand is connected before Symbol first pipe, the other in is connected to one of the previous SL second pipe, installation according to claim 6. Said first pipe has a diameter having a gas passage section is 300～600Mm, said second pipe has a diameter having a gas passage section is 50 to 200 mm, of the claims 2-4 Equipment described in any one of the items. Wherein the first and / or second pipe is formed by a jacketed tube with an inner wall and an outer wall, said inner and outer walls are concentric and separated from each other by an intermediate insulating space, claims 2 to 4 Equipment described in any one of the items. The equipment according to claim 10 , wherein the intermediate heat insulating space of the second pipe is under vacuum. The equipment according to claim 10 or 11 , wherein the intermediate heat insulating space of the first pipe is lined with a heat insulating material. A compressor, the compressor is to compress the heated gas flow in the heat exchanger, is connected to the outlet of the first channel of the heat exchanger upstream, the three-way connector downstream Connected, the three-way connector carries a first portion of the gas stream to a gas consuming member and heat exchanges the second portion of the gas stream to cool the second portion of the gas stream. With a compressor , which can be transported to the inlet of the second channel of the vessel,
A expansion device, said expansion device is connected to the outlet of the second channel of the heat exchanger upstream is connected to the circuit back downstream, the return circuit leads to the tank, the expansion device, which is arranged to the second portion of the gas stream from the second channel of the heat exchanger to liquefy vacuo, also includes an expander device, according to claim 2-4 Equipment described in any one of the items. A ship for transporting gas, wherein the ship is equipped with the equipment according to claim 2 . A gas transfer system, the system is arranged such that the vessel according to claim 14 and a tank of the equipment installed inside the vessel are connected to a floating gas storage terminal or a land gas storage terminal. The cryogenic transfer pipe and the pump for taking in the liquid phase gas flow from the suspended gas storage terminal or the onshore gas storage terminal, or to the tank of the vessel, through the cryogenic transfer pipe. , The transfer system is arranged to connect the manifold to the gas storage terminal and allow the transfer of gas phase gas between the gas storage and processing facility and the gas storage terminal. A transfer system that also has a transfer pipe. The vessel according to claim 14 , wherein the gas is conducted from a suspended gas storage terminal or an onshore gas storage terminal through a cryogenic transfer pipe, or to a tank of the vessel's gas storage and processing facility, or from it. Or the process for discharging.

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