JP6774411B2 - 還元活性化コバルト触媒を用いるフィッシャー−トロプシュ法 - Google Patents
還元活性化コバルト触媒を用いるフィッシャー−トロプシュ法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6774411B2 JP6774411B2 JP2017531722A JP2017531722A JP6774411B2 JP 6774411 B2 JP6774411 B2 JP 6774411B2 JP 2017531722 A JP2017531722 A JP 2017531722A JP 2017531722 A JP2017531722 A JP 2017531722A JP 6774411 B2 JP6774411 B2 JP 6774411B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 33
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 III) Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002152 aqueous-organic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUYLTEAJCNAMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Co+2] IUYLTEAJCNAMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- VFFXVAATOUSWIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co+3].[Co+3].[Co+2] Chemical compound [Co+3].[Co+3].[Co+2] VFFXVAATOUSWIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001193 catalytic steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);cobalt(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii,iii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010944 pre-mature reactiony Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects
- C10G2300/703—Activation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Co3O4+H2→3CoO+H2O
CoO+H2→Co0+H2O
式1及び2:酸化コバルト(II,III)の金属コバルトへの段階的還元
Co3O4+4H2→3CoO+H2O+3H2→3Co0+4H2O
式3:酸化コバルト(II,III)の金属コバルトへの全体としての還元
二酸化チタン上に担持された酸化コバルトを、二酸化チタン粉末を硝酸コバルト六水和物の水溶液で含浸し、続いて形成されたペーストを押出し、次に乾燥及び焼成して触媒の質量に対して10%のコバルト充填量及び触媒の質量に対して1%のマンガン充填量を有する触媒押出し物を得ることによって触媒として製造した。触媒サンプルは、従って、10質量%のコバルト充填量、1質量%のマンガン充填量である二酸化チタン担持体上の酸化コバルトであった。9.6gの触媒サンプルを、マルチチャネル触媒スクリーニング用マイクロ反応器(multi−channel catalyst−screening microreactor)の金属ライナー(metal liner)に充填した。マイクロ反応器の各チャネルは、並行して同じ乾燥手順を受け、その後、以下のプロトコルに従い、3800時間−1のGHSV及び1気圧の圧力での100%H2ガス下で触媒を活性化した:
例1(発明例):室温から150℃まで2℃/分の速度で昇温、次に200℃まで1℃/分の速度で昇温、その後200℃で15時間滞留。
例2(発明例):室温から150℃まで2℃/分の速度で昇温、次に240℃まで1℃/分の速度で昇温、その後240℃で15時間滞留。
例3(発明例):室温から150℃まで2℃/分の速度で昇温、次に260℃まで1℃/分の速度で昇温、その後260℃で15時間滞留。
例4(比較例):室温から150℃まで2℃/分の速度で昇温、次に300℃まで1℃/分の速度で昇温、その後300℃で15時間滞留。
触媒サンプルは、10質量%のコバルト充填量、2質量%のマンガン充填量である二酸化チタン担持体上の酸化コバルトであった。各触媒サンプル(質量は表2に示す)を、マルチチャネル触媒スクリーニング用マイクロ反応器の金属ライナーに充填した。マイクロ反応器の各チャネルは、並行して同じ乾燥手順を受け、その後、以下のプロトコルに従い、3800時間−1のGHSV及び1気圧の圧力での100%H2ガス下で触媒を活性化した:
室温から150℃まで2℃/分の速度で昇温、次に240℃まで(例5、260℃まで(例6)、又は300℃まで(例7、比較例)、1℃/分の速度で昇温、その後、この最終温度で15時間滞留。
次に、ライナーを冷却し、窒素でパージし、ゲージ圧30バールの全圧及び1250時間−1のGHSVでの18%N2中1.8:1 H2:COモル比のシンガス流下、温度を同一に昇温した。各例を、同一の操作条件下、195℃の温度で操作し、表3に示す結果を得た。例5のデータは、例7と比較して、C5+に対する向上された選択性及びCH4に対する類似の選択性を明らかに示しており、これは、より低い還元の度合いに繋がるより穏和な還元条件にも関わらず、及びさらには、用いられた触媒の質量が少ないにも関わらずであり、このことから、活性の向上が示される。同様に、例6も、用いられた触媒が少ないにも関わらず、例7と同等の性能を示している。
Claims (13)
- 水素及び一酸化炭素の混合物を含むフィードを炭化水素へ変換するための方法であって、前記フィード中の前記水素及び一酸化炭素は、1:9から9:1の体積比で存在し、前記方法は:
a.前処理を:
i. 二酸化チタン担持体、及び
ii.酸化物コバルト又はそれに分解可能であるコバルト化合物
を含む触媒組成物に対し、一酸化炭素ガス及び水素ガスの体積に対して10%未満の一酸化炭素ガスを含む水素ガス含有流で行って、還元活性化触媒を形成する工程と、
b.前記フィードを、高められた温度、及び大気圧又は高められた圧力で、前記還元活性化触媒と接触させる工程
とを含み、
前記触媒組成物を前処理する前記工程は、7から20時間にわたって、220℃から250℃の温度範囲内で行われ、前記触媒組成物及び/又は前記還元活性化触媒は、前記触媒の質量に対して、5%から30%のコバルト及び0.5%から2.5%のマンガン促進剤を含む
方法。 - 前記前処理が、10から15時間にわたって行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程aにおける前記水素ガス含有流のガス毎時空間速度(GHSV)が、100から10000時間−1、好ましくは、250から3000時間−1などの250から5000時間−1、より好ましくは、250から2000時間−1の範囲である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記前処理が、10から5500kPa、好ましくは、20から3000kPa、より好ましくは、50から1000kPa、さらにより好ましくは、100から800kPaのフィード圧力で行われる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 水素及び一酸化炭素の前記混合物が、合成ガスの形態であり、好ましくは、前記合成ガスは、水素ガス及び一酸化炭素ガスを、0.5:1から5:1の範囲、好ましくは、1:1から3:1の範囲、より好ましくは、1.6から2.2:1の範囲の体積比で含む、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒組成物及び/又は前記還元活性化触媒が、前記触媒の質量に対して、5%から25%、より好ましくは、10%から20%のコバルトを含む、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒組成物及び/又は前記還元活性化触媒が、さらに、クロム、ニッケル、鉄、モリブデン、タングステン、ホウ素、ジルコニウム、ガリウム、トリウム、ランタン、セリウム、ルテニウム、レニウム、パラジウム、白金、これらの化合物及び/又は混合物から選択される1つ以上の促進剤を含む、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記促進剤が、前記触媒の質量に対して、0%から5%、好ましくは、0.1%から3%、より好ましくは、0.5%から2.5%の量で存在する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記マンガン促進剤が、1%から2.5%、より好ましくは、1.5%から2.25%の量で存在する、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マンガン促進剤が、0.5%から1.5%、より好ましくは、0.75%から1.25%、さらにより好ましくは、0.8%から1.2%の量で存在する、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化物コバルト又はそれに分解可能であるコバルト化合物が、酸化コバルト(III)、酸化コバルト(II,III)、酸化コバルト(II)、これらに分解可能である化合物、又はこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項1から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- フィッシャー−トロプシュ触媒を製造する方法であって、該方法は、
a.処理を:
i. 二酸化チタン担持体、及び
ii.酸化物コバルト又はそれに分解可能であるコバルト化合物
を含む触媒組成物に対し、7から20時間にわたって、一酸化炭素ガス及び水素ガスの体積に対して10%未満の一酸化炭素ガスを含む水素ガス含有流で行って、フィッシャー−トロプシュ触媒を形成する工程を含み、
該触媒組成物を前処理する前記工程は、220℃から250℃の温度範囲内で行われ、前記触媒組成物及び/又は前記還元活性化触媒は、前記触媒の質量に対して、5%から30%のコバルト及び0.5%から2.5%のマンガン促進剤を含む
方法。 - 前記水素ガス含有流が、少なくとも75体積%の水素を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
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