JP6735964B2 - Processed foods that suppress blood sugar elevation - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、血糖値の上昇を抑制する加工食品に関する。 The present invention relates to a processed food that suppresses an increase in blood sugar level.
食生活の欧米化、過酷な労働による精神的ストレス、保有自動車の増加など、生活習慣に起因する疾患が激増している。特に糖尿病の患者数の増加は著しく、２００３年の厚生労働省統計によると、日本における糖尿病患者数は予備軍も含めて１６２０万人であり、いまなお増加し続けている。 Diseases due to lifestyle habits are rapidly increasing, such as westernization of eating habits, mental stress due to severe labor, and an increase in owned cars. In particular, the number of diabetic patients has increased remarkably, and according to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare statistics in 2003, the number of diabetic patients in Japan, including the reserve army, was 16.2 million, and is still increasing.
また、糖尿病は成因から１型と２型糖尿病に別けられ、１型糖尿病は、自己免疫機序の異常による膵β細胞破壊が原因で発症し、２型糖尿病は、肥満や運動不足、ストレスなどによるインスリンの分泌障害やインスリン抵抗性が原因で発症すると云われている。 Diabetes is divided into
糖尿病治療として、血糖値、体重、血圧、および血清脂質をコントロールすることにより、糖尿病細小血管合併症（網膜症、腎症、神経障害）、動脈硬化性疾患の発症・進展を遅延することにあり、そのために厳しい食事制限、運動療法が最初に取り入れられ、患者の生活の質（ＱＯＬ）が低下しているのも現実である。 As a treatment for diabetes, controlling the blood glucose level, body weight, blood pressure, and serum lipids may delay the onset and progression of diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and arteriosclerotic diseases. For that reason, strict dietary restrictions and exercise therapy are first introduced, and the quality of life (QOL) of patients is actually reduced.
また、本発明は、前記の結果、食後の過血糖とインスリンの過剰分泌が抑制されることができるα‐グルコシダーゼ阻害薬に注目してインスリン分泌を刺激せず、むしろインスリン需要量を低下させため、膵β細胞の疲弊を和らげることが報告されている（例えば、非特許文献１参照。）。 Further, the present invention, as a result of the above, does not stimulate insulin secretion by focusing on α-glucosidase inhibitors that can suppress postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin hypersecretion, and rather reduces insulin demand. , It is reported that the exhaustion of pancreatic β cells is relieved (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
本発明は、食事制限や運動療法で糖尿病のコントロールがつかない状況になると、経口糖尿病治療薬が処方される場合の治療薬の一つであるα‐グルコシダーゼ阻害薬は、小腸において、二糖類を単糖類に分解する酵素であるα‐グルコシダーゼを阻害するのと同様に、糖質の消化や吸収を遅延させることにある。 The present invention, when it becomes impossible to control diabetes by dietary restriction or exercise therapy, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, which is one of the therapeutic agents when an oral diabetes therapeutic agent is prescribed, is a disaccharide in the small intestine. It is to delay digestion and absorption of sugars as well as to inhibit α-glucosidase, which is an enzyme that decomposes into monosaccharides.
本発明は、日常の生活の中で最も口にする天然甘味料（上白糖、グラニュー糖、スクロース、ショ糖の砂糖のことである）をシクロデキストリン（以下ＣＤ）で包接した食品素材「ファイバーシュガー」（登録商標である。以下同様）を開発し、甘味はそのままで、血糖値上昇を緩やかにさせること、もしくは抑制することを目的とした加工食品を提供することにある。 The present invention is a food material "fiber" in which cyclodextrin (hereinafter referred to as "CD") is included as a natural sweetener (which means sugar of superior sucrose, granulated sugar, sucrose, and sucrose) that is most eaten in daily life. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a processed food for the purpose of developing "Sugar" (registered trademark; the same applies hereinafter) and slowing or suppressing an increase in blood sugar level while maintaining the sweetness.
本発明に使用するＣＤは、原材料が馬鈴薯やトウモロコシのでんぷんから作られた１００％の天然素材であり、構造はＤ‐グルコースがα−１，４グルコシド結合によって連結し、環状構造をとったオリゴ糖の一種である。 The CD used in the present invention is a 100% natural material whose raw material is made of potato or corn starch, and has a structure in which D-glucose is linked by an α-1,4 glucoside bond to form a cyclic oligo. It is a type of sugar.
また、本発明に使用するＣＤは、グルコース分子１（図１の点線で囲む部分）が５個以上結合したものが知られており、一般的なものではグルコースが６個結合したものがα‐ＣＤ、７個結合したものがβ−ＣＤ、８個結合したものがγ−ＣＤと呼ばれており、その存在は１００年以上も前から知られていて、それらの構造は底のないバケツ形状をしており、その外部は親水性を、空洞内部は疎水性を示し、様々な有機分子を取り込む包接機能を有している。 Further, the CD used in the present invention is known to have five or more glucose molecules 1 (enclosed by a dotted line in FIG. 1) bound thereto, and a general one has six glucose bound α-. CD, 7-bonded is called β-CD, 8-bonded is called γ-CD, its existence has been known for more than 100 years, and their structure is a bottomless bucket shape. The outside is hydrophilic and the inside of the cavity is hydrophobic, and has an inclusion function of incorporating various organic molecules.
前記α−ＣＤ、β−ＣＤ、γ−ＣＤの三種類は図１、図２、図３に示すような環状構造をしており、分子の中央部に様々な有機分子を出入りさせる作用があり、α−ＣＤは水溶性難消化性、β−ＣＤは難水溶性難消化性、γ−ＣＤは水溶性消化性でそれぞれの違いがあるので、本発明に使用するタイプを検証する必要がある。 The three types of α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD have a cyclic structure as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, and have the action of allowing various organic molecules to enter and leave the center of the molecule. , Α-CD are water-soluble indigestibles, β-CD are water-insoluble indigestibles, and γ-CD are water-soluble indigestibles. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the type used in the present invention. ..
本発明のファイバーシュガーに使用するＣＤを選別するため、ＣＤを用いての予備的経口糖負荷試験を実施、試験方法として日本エスエルシー株式会社の６週齢のＳｌｃ：ｄｄＹマウス（♂；体重３０ｇ）を使用して、α−，β−，γ−ＣＤを各１ｇ／ｋｇ体重になるように水に溶かし、それぞれ経口投与し、生理食塩水を経口投与した群と比較し、図４のような結果が得られたので、ＣＤ自身にわずかながらも血糖降下作用があるα−ＣＤを本発明ファイバーシュガーに用いることにした。 In order to select the CD used for the fiber sugar of the present invention, a preliminary oral glucose tolerance test using the CD was carried out. As a test method, a 6-week-old Slc:ddY mouse (♂; body weight: 30 g, manufactured by Japan SLC, Inc.) was used. 4), α-, β-, γ-CD was dissolved in water to each 1 g/kg body weight, and each was orally administered, and compared with the group orally administered physiological saline, as shown in FIG. Since such results were obtained, it was decided to use α-CD, which has a slight hypoglycemic effect on CD itself, for the fiber sugar of the present invention.
本発明のファイバーシュガーに混合するα−ＣＤは砂糖の約１０倍の価格で非常に高価なものであり、ファイバーシュガーの価格とα―ＣＤの持つ作用効果を考慮してα−ＣＤの配合を当面１０％の配合とした。 The α-CD mixed with the fiber sugar of the present invention is about 10 times as expensive as sugar and is very expensive. Considering the price of the fiber sugar and the action and effect of α-CD, the α-CD should be blended. For the time being, the composition was 10%.
本発明の血糖値上昇抑制の加工食品のファイバーシュガーは天然甘味料である上白糖やグラニュー糖などをα−ＣＤに包接させたもので、α−ＣＤが含有していても甘味が減少することなく甘味料食品として使用可能で、糖尿病や血糖値が気になる方にとってはストレスなく甘味を感じることが可能で、かつ、血糖値のコントロールができやすくなる。 The fiber sugar of the processed food of the present invention, which suppresses blood sugar level elevation, is obtained by encapsulating α-CD with natural sweeteners such as white sugar and granulated sugar, and the sweetness is reduced even if α-CD is contained. It can be used as a sweetener food without any stress, and people who are concerned about diabetes or blood sugar level can feel sweetness without stress and can easily control the blood sugar level.
本発明のファイバーシュガーに混合する水溶性食物繊維としてのα−ＣＤは消化されることなく小腸に届き、糖質に対して腸からの吸収をブロックし、その吸収スピードを緩やかにする作用があり、また、α−ＣＤは環状オリゴ糖であり、スクロースを初めとする各種糖類と同じ仲間であり、腸内で他の糖質と一緒になって、小腸を通り過ぎる可能性も考えられ、α−ＣＤは糖質の腸からの吸収を阻害し、糖質を包接して体外へ排出を促し、血糖値の上昇が制御される効果も期待できる。 Α-CD as a water-soluble dietary fiber to be mixed with the fiber sugar of the present invention reaches the small intestine without being digested, and has an action of blocking absorption of sugar from the intestine and slowing the absorption speed. , Α-CD is a cyclic oligosaccharide, and is a member of various sugars such as sucrose, and it is considered that α-CD may pass through the small intestine together with other sugars in the intestine. CD inhibits the absorption of sugar from the intestine, promotes the excretion of sugar from the body by including it, and can be expected to have the effect of controlling an increase in blood sugar level.
本発明は、マウスを使って血糖値抑制の確認を実施したが、人を対象とした治験を行うことで、同様の結果が得られるものと推定され、ファイバーシュガーを用いることで、血糖値が気になる人々のＱＯＬが上昇し、食を通じた社会貢献、ならびに、食を通じた健康づくりに貢献できる製品として、広く世の中で使用できることが期待できる。 The present invention was conducted to confirm the suppression of blood glucose levels using mice, but it is estimated that similar results can be obtained by conducting clinical trials in humans. It can be expected that it can be widely used in the world as a product that raises the QOL of people who are interested and contributes to society through food and health promotion through food.
本発明のファイバーシュガー加工食品を実施するための形態として、本発明に供する天然甘味料をα−ＣＤで包接した加工食品の製造を実施する例により次に示す。 As an embodiment for carrying out the processed food product of fiber sugar of the present invention, an example of carrying out production of a processed food product in which the natural sweetener used in the present invention is included in α-CD is shown below.
本発明のファイバーシュガーに供する原料として、グラニュー糖の粉糖を使用し、粉糖９００ｇとα−ＣＤ１００ｇの重量比９：１とし、均一になるまでよく混合し、そこへ全体重量の４％分量４０ｇを加水（上水）し、ファイバーシュガーを形成するための必要な硬さが得られるまで十分に攪拌した。 As a raw material to be used for the fiber sugar of the present invention, powdered sugar of granulated sugar is used, the weight ratio of powdered sugar 900 g and α-CD 100 g is 9:1, and they are mixed well until they are homogeneous, and 4% of the total weight is added thereto. 40 g was hydrated (water) and stirred thoroughly until the required hardness to form fiber sugar was obtained.
前記混合撹拌物を直径１．２ｍｍの丸穴スクリーンにて押出成形した後、流動層乾燥機を用い吸気設定温度８０℃にて品温が６０℃に達するまで約５分間乾燥し、前記乾燥品を１２メッシュの篩網を用いて篩過させて、均一な粒度の本発明のα−ＣＤ１０％含有ファイバーシュガー１ｋｇ製造した。 The mixed agitated product was extrusion-molded with a round hole screen having a diameter of 1.2 mm, and then dried using a fluidized bed dryer at an intake temperature setting of 80° C. for about 5 minutes until the product temperature reached 60° C. Was sieved using a 12-mesh screen to prepare 1 kg of fiber sugar containing 10% of α-CD of the present invention having a uniform particle size.
本発明の製造した前記ファイバーシュガーを一般財団法人日本食品分析センターで、成分分析した結果を表１に示す。 Table 1 shows the results of component analysis of the fiber sugar produced by the present invention at the Japan Food Research Laboratories.
また、本発明の製造した前記ファイバーシュガーとグラニュー糖との糖度を比較測定した結果、同じ重量中の糖度には差がないことが分かったので、その結果を表２に示す。 Further, as a result of comparative measurement of the sugar contents of the fiber sugar produced according to the present invention and the granulated sugar, it was found that there is no difference in the sugar contents in the same weight, and the results are shown in Table 2.
続いて、本発明のα−ＣＤ含有のファイバーシュガーの評価実証のために、前記経口糖負荷試験と同じのＳｌｃ：ｄｄＹマウス（♂；体重３０ｇ）を使用して、経口糖負荷試験を行ったところ、図５に示すように、本発明の加工食品ファイバーシュガーの方が、グラニュー糖のみ投与群に比べ、血糖値の上昇が抑制され、投与後の４５分と１００分においては、統計学的に有意な差（Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ’ｓ ｔ−ｔｅｓｔ）が確認できる。 Then, in order to demonstrate the evaluation of the α-CD-containing fiber sugar of the present invention, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed using the same Slc:ddY mouse (♂; body weight 30 g) as in the above oral glucose tolerance test. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the processed food fiber sugar of the present invention suppressed the increase in blood glucose level compared to the group administered with only granulated sugar, and statistically increased at 45 minutes and 100 minutes after administration. A significant difference (Student's t-test) can be confirmed.
以上からはＳｌｃ：ｄｄＹマウスの経口糖負荷試験での結果であるが、人体に対しても今後の実験に待たねばならないが、本発明のファイバーシュガーが血糖値の上昇の抑制が期待できるものと考えられる。 The above are the results of the oral glucose tolerance test of Slc:ddY mice, and although it is necessary to wait for future experiments on the human body, the fiber sugar of the present invention can be expected to suppress an increase in blood glucose level. Conceivable.
１ グルコース分子 1 glucose molecule
Claims (3)
前記天然甘味料が、グラニュー糖又はスクロースであり、かつ
前記天然甘味料と前記環状オリゴ糖α−シクロデキストリンとの重量比が、９：１である 、加工食品。A processed food characterized by containing a natural sweetener clathrated with a cyclic oligosaccharide α-cyclodextrin ,
The natural sweetener is granulated sugar or sucrose, and
A processed food, wherein the weight ratio of the natural sweetener to the cyclic oligosaccharide α-cyclodextrin is 9:1 .
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