JP6734143B2 - Crusher and liner of the crusher - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a crusher and a liner of the crusher for crushing metal waste such as scrap car bodies and general iron scraps.

Conventionally, as a crusher for crushing large metal waste, etc., an impact type crusher that crushes waste (objects to be crushed) by an impact member (hammer etc.) provided on the outer periphery of a rotor that rotates at high speed has been used. Has been done.

The impact type crusher is a crusher that crushes objects to be crushed such as metal waste by impact and shear by a high-speed rotating impact member, and the crushed objects to be crushed are separated into useful metals etc. Is collected, processed such as melting, and reused.

In order to reuse the metal waste, it is important that the crushed material to be crushed is crushed to a predetermined size or smaller for separation and treatment which is a downstream process.

For this reason, in the conventional impact type crusher, the discharge chamber in the upper part of the crushing chamber has a size corresponding to the predetermined grain size or size so that the discharge chamber of the predetermined size or size can pass through. A lattice member (grate) having a large number of holes arranged therein is provided, and the crushed objects that can pass through the through holes of these lattice members are discharged from the crusher and discharged toward the downstream process. On the other hand, the object to be crushed that could not pass through the through hole is bounced off by the wall of the crushing chamber, etc., and is repeatedly crushed by the high-speed rotating impact member, and finally passes through the through hole of the lattice member and is discharged. It

However, in these impact type crushers, for example, the through holes of the lattice member have a predetermined size (length and width. Note that the length and width of the through holes refer to the dimension of the lattice member in the longitudinal direction, And the size in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.), so if the type of metal waste or the size of the crushed object required for the downstream process is different, crush it accordingly. It was very inconvenient because it was necessary to stop the operation of the machine and replace it with a grid member with a different through hole.

Therefore, in order to eliminate such inconvenience, as shown in FIG. 9, the lattice member 61 is swung in the discharge chamber 55 to change the direction of the opening of the through hole 62, so that the crushing chamber 56 is moved from the charging port 54. The projected area (particularly the projected length) of the through hole 62 from the direction in which the crushed object thrown in by the hammer 53 that is thrown into the inside and rotates at high speed with the rotor 52 is changed, and the crushable object that can pass through A hammer crusher (impact crusher) 51 configured to change the cross-sectional area is used (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

However, in these conventional crushers 51, in order to swirl the lattice member 61 along the surface of the liner 60 provided on the surface of the casing 58 in the discharge chamber 55, the tip of the lattice member 61 and the surface of the liner 60 are rotated. A gap portion 63 is required between and. The gap portion 63 has a small gap (distance between the tip of the lattice member 61 and the surface of the liner 60), but its width is almost the same as that of the lattice member 61, which is much larger than the width of the through hole 62. The surface of the liner 60 is large, and the surface of the liner 60 has a circular arc concentric with the locus arc of the tip of the grid member 61 when turning (FIGS. 1 and 2 of Patent Document 1) or a line segment continuous along the locus arc (Patent Document 2). FIG. 2), and since the surface is formed smoothly, if a crushed object having a thickness smaller than the gap of the gap 63 enters the gap 63, it may pass along the surface. ..

Therefore, in the conventional crusher of Patent Document 1 or the like, when the object to be crushed is flat or thin, waste of a size that cannot pass through the through hole 62 passes through the gap 63. There is a problem in that it reaches the discharge chamber 55, and as a result, it is discharged in the downstream process.

JP-A-59-73061 JP-A-56-84647

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and the size of the crushed object that can pass through the movable lattice member can be adjusted with a simple configuration, and a large flat waste can be used as the tip of the lattice member. An object of the present invention is to provide a crusher capable of preventing passage through a gap between the crusher and the surface of the liner, and a liner used in the crusher.

In order to solve the above problems, a crusher according to a first aspect of the present invention is provided with a crushing chamber provided with a rotor having an impact member for crushing an object to be crushed in an outer peripheral portion, and adjacent to the crushing chamber. A discharge chamber for discharging the crushed object crushed by the impact member, and a through hole provided in the discharge chamber for passing the crushed object having a predetermined size or less. A movable grid member that can swivel around a horizontal swivel axis, and a liner provided in a region facing the tip of the movable grid member on the inner surface of the wall that forms the discharge chamber, A plurality of protrusions for preventing the crushed object from passing through the gap between the surface of the liner and the tip of the movable grid member is formed on the surface of the liner.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the plurality of protrusions each have a substantially linear shape extending in a direction parallel to the swivel axis, and the plurality of protrusions include the movable grid. It is characterized in that the members are arranged with a predetermined gap in the direction in which they rotate.

A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the second aspect, the predetermined interval is equal to or less than a thickness of the movable lattice member.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the second or third aspect, a cross-sectional shape of the protrusion in a plane orthogonal to the swivel axis has a first apex of the protrusion and a second apex of the crushed portion. It is characterized in that it is a substantially triangular shape with the root of the projection on the chamber side and the third apex as the root on the discharge chamber side.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the fourth aspect, the interior angle of the second vertex of the substantially triangular shape is 45 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.

In a sixth aspect of the present invention according to the fourth or fifth aspect, in the two substantially triangles forming the cross sections of the two protrusions adjacent to each other, the second vertex of one of the substantially triangles is the other. And substantially coincides with the third vertex of the substantially triangle.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to sixth aspects, the liner is divided in a turning direction of the movable lattice member.

An eighth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, the liner is divided into a plurality of units in an axial direction of the turning shaft of the movable lattice member. To do.

In a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the eighth aspect, at least one of the predetermined spacing, the phase, and the shape of the protrusion is different between the units of the liner divided in the axial direction of the turning shaft. It is configured as follows.

In a tenth aspect of the present invention according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, the liner is notched at a portion corresponding to an upper end portion of a side surface of a wall forming the discharge chamber, or The upper end portion of the side surface of the wall forming the discharge chamber is notched at a portion corresponding to the liner.

An eleventh aspect of the present invention is a liner used in the crusher according to any one of the first to tenth aspects.

According to the present invention, it is possible to adjust the size of the crushed object that can pass through the movable lattice member with a simple configuration, and it is possible to prevent the large flat waste from passing through the gap between the tip of the lattice member and the liner surface. A crusher can be provided.

1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention. Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liner with which the crusher shown in FIG. 1 is equipped in the range which opposes the front-end|tip of a movable lattice member, when turning a movable lattice member. Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the protrusion of a liner. Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the modification of the protrusion of a liner. Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the other modification of the protrusion of a liner. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2, showing a first embodiment of the structure of the end portion of the unit of the liner 10 that is divided in the axial direction of the swivel shaft 14 of the liner 10. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2 and showing a second embodiment of the structure of the end portion of the unit of the liner 10 that is divided in the axial direction of the turning shaft 14 of the liner 10. Sectional drawing which shows three Examples in the edge part of the liner 10 of the rotating shaft 14 of the axial direction. Sectional drawing which shows the schematic structure of the conventional impact type crusher.

Hereinafter, a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, an impact-type crusher 1 according to the present embodiment is provided with an input port 4 for inputting a crushed object such as a scrap car or metal waste, and a small piece of the crushed object having a predetermined size. It is provided with a crushing chamber 6 for crushing, a casing 8 in which an upper discharge chamber 5 and a lower discharge chamber 7 are formed for discharging the crushed object to be crushed (small pieces) to a downstream process.

The crushing chamber 6 is provided with a rotor 2 that rotates at a high speed around a horizontal axis, and a plurality of hammers (impact members) 3 are swingably attached to the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 2 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. .. The number of hammers 3 arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 2 and the interval between the adjacent hammers 3 are appropriately changed and set according to the size of the crushed object, the size of the rotor 2, and the like.

In addition, a collision member 15 is provided on the inner surface of the crushing chamber 6, and the crushed object thrown into the crushing chamber 6 from the charging port 4 is hit by the hammer 3 rotating at high speed and the inner surface of the crushing chamber 6 is crushed. While repeatedly colliding and bouncing with the collision member 15, the crushing material is crushed into small pieces of a predetermined size by impact force or shearing force, and is disposed in the movable lattice member 11 provided in the upper discharge chamber 5 or the lower discharge chamber 7. It is discharged via the lower grid member 9 thus formed.

The upper discharge chamber 5 is provided with a movable grid member 11 in which a large number of through holes 12 having opening dimensions of a predetermined length and width are formed. Here, the size of the projected area of the through hole 12 (particularly the projected length of the through hole 12) with respect to the plane perpendicular to the flight direction of the crushed object hit by the hammer 3 changes the inclination angle of the movable grid member 11. It changes by making it.

Therefore, the size of the crushed object that can pass through the through hole 12 by inclining the movable grid member 11 at an appropriate angle by rotating the revolving shaft 14 by a drive device (not shown) arranged outside the casing 8. Adjust. The inclination angle of the movable grid member 11 is set to an appropriate inclination angle according to the type of the crushed object, the size and structure of the crusher itself.

The lower grid member 9 arranged in the lower discharge chamber 7 has a large number of through holes 16 whose dimensions are set so that a crushed object (small piece) of a predetermined size or smaller can pass through.

When the movable grid member 11 is swung and tilted, the inner surface of the casing 8 at the portion arranged on the crushing chamber 6 side of the movable grid member 11 protects the inner surface of the casing 8 from the collision of crushed objects. Therefore, the liner 10 is provided on the inner surface of the casing 8, and a predetermined distance is provided between the tip of the movable grid member 11 and the surface of the liner 10 so as not to hinder the turning of the movable grid member 11. A gap portion 13 having a size is provided.

Hereinafter, in the embodiment according to the present invention, a configuration and an operation for preventing a flat or thin crushed object from passing through the gap portion 13 and being discharged to the upper discharge chamber 5 side will be described in detail.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the liner 10 provided in a range facing the tip of the movable lattice member 11 when the movable lattice member 11 is turned.

On the surface of the liner 10, a plurality of substantially linear protrusions 18 extending in a direction parallel to the axis of the swivel shaft 14 (a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 2 and also a width direction of the movable grid member 11). The movable grid members 11 are formed in parallel with each other in a direction in which the movable grid member 11 revolves at predetermined intervals (pitch). Here, the predetermined pitch is preferably equal to or less than the thickness of the movable grid member 11. As a result, when the movable grid member 11 is set to an arbitrary inclination angle, at least one protrusion 18 is present in the gap portion 13 between the movable grid member 11 and the liner 10, and the protrusion 18 enters the gap portion 13. The passage of the crushed object can be suppressed by the protrusion 18.

The predetermined pitch of the protrusions 18 is preferably ½ or more of the thickness of the movable grid member 11. This is because if the number of protrusions 18 present in the gap 13 is large, the crushed object may bite into the gap 13 and cause a trouble in turning the movable grid member 11.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the protrusion 18 has a cross section in a plane (vertical cross section) orthogonal to the swivel axis 14, where the first vertex P is the tip 19 of the protrusion 18 and the second vertex Q. Is formed as a base 20 of the protrusion 18 on the crushing chamber 6 side, and the third apex R is formed as a substantially triangular shape 24 formed as a base 21 of the protrusion 18 on the upper discharge chamber 5 side (see FIG. 3 ). Further, the third apex Ra of the substantially triangular shape 24a (the first apex is Pa, the second apex is Qa, and the third apex is Ra) forming the vertical cross section of the protrusion 18a adjacent to the protrusion 18 is , The second apex Q of the substantially triangular shape 24 forming the protrusion 18 (see FIG. 3). Since there is no flat portion at the tip 19 and the roots 20 and 21 of the protrusion 18, the pitch (distance between P-Pa or Q-Qa) between the adjacent protrusions 18 and 18a can be minimized, and the gap portion Since it is possible to arrange a large number of protrusions between the holes 13, it is possible to more effectively prevent passage of the crushed material through the gap 13.

In the liner 10, the tips 19 and the roots 20 and 21 of the protrusions 18 may have rounded corners or corners as shown in FIG.

Here, in order to prevent the object to be crushed that has entered the gap portion 13 from passing through, the object to be crushed may collide with the inclined surface 22 of the projection 18 on the crushing chamber 6 side at an angle as close to vertical as possible. preferable. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that the angle of the internal angle α of the second vertex Q of the substantially triangular shape 24 is set to 45 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less. The interior angle β of the third vertex R is preferably smaller than or the same as the interior angle α of the second vertex Q.

If the projections 18 can be arranged at a predetermined pitch with respect to the set inner angle α of the second apex Q, as shown in FIG. 5, the projections 18a have a root 21a on the upper discharge chamber 5 side and a projection 18a. The inner angle β of the third apexes R and Ra of the substantially triangular shapes 24 and 24a can be set so that a flat portion is formed between the root 20 and the root 20 on the side of the crushing chamber 6.

However, in order to prevent the crushed object from being caught in the gap 13 between the tip 19 of the protrusion 18 and the tip of the movable grid member 11, it is preferable that the tip 19 of the protrusion 18 not have a flat portion.

When the movable grid member 11 is tilted to the lowermost position, the surface of the collision member 15 disposed below the gap 13 closes the gap 13 in order to prevent the crushed material from entering the gap 13. Is provided with a step 17 (see FIG. 1).

The liner 10 may be formed as an integral structure in the direction in which the movable grid member 11 is swung, over the entire swivel range, but is preferably divided as shown in FIG. The liner 10 arranged below the movable grid member 11 collides with only the crushed object penetrating the through hole 12, and the collision frequency of the crushed object is higher than that of the liner 10 arranged above the movable grid member 11. Also, since the use time of the liner arranged below the movable grid member 11 increases as the tilt is adjusted, the wear amount of the liner 10 increases as it goes downward. Therefore, the liner 10 is repaired according to the wear amount of the liner 10. It will be possible to exchange it.

Further, in the case where the casing 8 in which the liner 10 is arranged has a shape in which flat plates are connected, if the entire liner 10 is integrally formed, the shape becomes complicated, but it is divided by dividing. The structure of each liner can be simplified.

The liner 10 is preferably divided in the width direction of the movable lattice member 11 (the axial direction of the turning shaft 14). By dividing the liner 10 into subdivided units, handling is facilitated, and the liner 10 is placed at a position close to the side face where the crushed substance may be reflected from the side face of the crushing chamber 6 and fly and collide. This is because there is a possibility that the wear of the surface and the like may differ between the installed unit and the unit arranged in the central portion, but repair and replacement are possible depending on the wear and the like.

Further, by making at least one of the pitch, the phase, the shape, etc. of the protrusion 18 different between the units divided in the width direction, it is possible to more effectively prevent passage of the crushed material in the gap portion 13. Becomes

6 and 7 are cross-sectional views showing two embodiments in which the boundary portions between the adjacent units in the divided liner 10 are different.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is intended to prevent the crushed material from passing through the gap 13 by forming the protrusions so as to be continuous over the entire length in the width direction of the movable grid member 11. On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, at the end of each unit, the notch of the protrusion 18 having a length approximately equal to the through hole 12 of the movable grid member 11 or a width thereof is provided. The structure is provided to allow the crushed object to pass through the through-hole 12, but to prevent the large crushed object from biting into the gap 13.

8A, 8B, and 8C are cross-sectional views showing three embodiments at the end portion of the liner 10 in the axial direction of the turning shaft 14.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 8A at the end portion of the liner 10 has a configuration in which the shape of the casing side surface liner 28 disposed on the side surface 25 of the casing 8 and the end portion of the liner 10 maintain the basic shape. Since the liner 10 can be connected to the inner surface of the casing or the like from below the paper surface, installation, repair and replacement are easy.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 8B at the end portion of the liner 10 has a configuration in which the upper portion of the casing side surface liner 28 is cut out and the end portion of the liner 10 is cut into the cutout portion.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 8C at the end portion of the liner 10 has a configuration in which the casing side portion of the liner 10 is extended and cut into the space above the casing side surface liner 28 (in the paper surface).

Although the embodiment according to the present invention has been described mainly with respect to the hammer crusher, the present invention is not limited to the hammer crusher and can be applied to other types and types of crushers as long as there is no obstacle. Is.

1 Crusher 2 Rotor 3 Hammer (impact member)
4 charging port 5 upper discharge chamber 6 crushing chamber 7 lower discharge chamber 8 casing 9 lower lattice member 10 liner 11 movable lattice member 12 through hole 13 gap 14 swivel shaft 15 collision member 16 through hole 17 step 18 step 18a Adjacent projection 19 Tip 20 Root 20a of crush 18 on crushing chamber 6 side 21 Root of projection 18a on crushing chamber 6 side 21 Root of projection 18 on upper discharge chamber 5 side Root of projection 18a on upper discharge chamber 5 side 22 Projection 18 Crushing chamber side inclined surface 23 Upper discharge chamber side inclined surface 24 of projection 18 Substantially triangular 24a forming projection 18 Substantially triangular 25 forming projection 18a Side face 26 of casing 26 Divided unit of liner 27 Cutout portion of projection 18 28 Casing side surface liner P First apex Pa of substantially triangular shape 24 First apex Q of substantially triangular shape 24a Second apex Qa of substantially triangular shape 24 Second apex R of substantially triangular shape 24a Third apex Ra of substantially triangular shape 24 Third vertex α of the substantially triangular shape 24a Interior angle of the second vertex Q of the substantially triangular shape 24 β Interior angle of the third apex R of the substantially triangular shape 24

Claims (11)

A crushing chamber provided with a rotor having an impact member for crushing an object to be crushed in an outer peripheral portion,
A discharge chamber formed adjacent to the crushing chamber, for discharging the crushed object crushed by the impact member,
A movable grid member provided in the discharge chamber, having a through hole for allowing the crushed object of a predetermined size or smaller to pass therethrough, and capable of swiveling around a horizontal swivel axis,
A liner provided in a region facing the tip of the movable lattice member on the inner surface of the wall forming the discharge chamber,
A crusher in which a plurality of projections for preventing the crushed object from passing through the gap between the surface of the liner and the tip of the movable grid member are formed on the surface of the liner. The plurality of protrusions each have a substantially linear shape extending in a direction parallel to the turning axis,
The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged at a predetermined interval in a direction in which the movable grid member is swung. The crusher according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined interval is equal to or less than the thickness of the movable lattice member. The cross-sectional shape of the protrusion in the plane orthogonal to the swivel axis has a first vertex as the tip of the protrusion, a second vertex as the root of the protrusion on the crushing chamber side and a third vertex as the discharge chamber side. The crusher according to claim 2 or 3, which has a substantially triangular shape as a base. The crusher according to claim 4, wherein an inner angle of the second vertex of the substantially triangular shape is 45 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less. In the two substantially triangles forming the cross sections of the two protrusions adjacent to each other, the second apex of one of the substantially triangles substantially coincides with the third apex of the other substantially triangle. The crusher according to Item 4 or 5. The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the liner is divided in a turning direction of the movable lattice member. The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the liner is divided into a plurality of units in an axial direction of the swivel shaft of the movable grid member. 9. The crusher according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the predetermined spacing, phase, and shape of the protrusions is different between the units of the liner divided in the axial direction of the swivel shaft. .. In the liner, a portion corresponding to an upper end portion of a side surface of the wall forming the discharge chamber is cut out, or an upper end portion of a side surface of the wall forming the discharge chamber has a portion corresponding to the liner. The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is notched. A liner used in the crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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