JP6724108B2 - Nesting site exploration method and nesting site exploration system for raptors - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a nesting place exploration method and a nesting place exploration system for a bird of prey that has high accuracy of nesting place identification, and can achieve efficiency, labor saving, and cost reduction of nesting place exploration.

Endangered raptors such as goshawks and bears are called rare raptors, and are subject to a number of laws and regulations such as the so-called species preservation law, bird and beast protection law, and cultural property protection law. Protection is defined.
In large-scale projects such as roads, dams, and wind power generation, the habitat/breeding status of rare raptors is comprehended based on the Environmental Impact Assessment Act and regulations, and the impact of the project is predicted and evaluated, and appropriate conservation is conducted. It is required to take measures.
For predictive evaluation of business impact on rare raptors (internal structure analysis of home range), nesting sites of rare raptors are identified as early as possible, and the positional relationship between nesting sites and project implementation areas is clarified. It is important to.

The conventional nesting site exploration method is mainly carried out in two stages: fixed point observation survey and nesting tree survey.
In fixed-point observation surveys, surveyors are assigned to multiple survey fixed points and observe rare birds of prey through binoculars and telescopes while communicating with each other by radio. For example, in the survey of goshawks, the survey is conducted once a month in the nesting period from February to July, for three consecutive days each, and the survey time is basically from 7:00 to 15:00 for 8 hours. .. The flight data of each survey is accumulated, and the nesting site is narrowed down based on the high frequency appearance area and the place of confirmation of reproductive behavior.
In addition, as a result of the fixed-point observation survey, the nesting tree survey will conduct a forest reconnaissance in a range where there is a possibility of breeding rare raptors, and search and identify nesting trees.
In addition, Patent Document 1 discloses a wildlife tracking system including a wildlife tag, a plurality of base stations, and a data center. According to this technique, the bird/beast tag is attached to the bird/beast to be tracked, and the current position of the bird/beast is specified and tracked by acquiring GPS data from the bird/beast tag by wireless communication.

JP, 2011-185686, A

The conventional technology has the following drawbacks.
<1> The task of identifying the landing site by observation from the ground is extremely difficult. Therefore, the accuracy of exploration is low. If the nesting site cannot be identified within the limited nesting period, appropriate conservation measures may not be planned and implemented.
<2> Depending on the topography and vegetation conditions of the survey site, it takes a large number of personnel and a long period of time to identify the nesting site, which is inefficient and costly.
<3> The accuracy of exploration depends on the experience and skill of the investigator. In recent years, due to the aging of investigators, there is a chronic shortage of investigators, and it is expected that the labor costs of workers will rise, resulting in further increase in survey costs.
<4> Nesting survey involves the risk of encountering dangerous animals such as bears, pit vipers, wasps and ticks during the survey.
<5> In order to attach the tracking tag, it is necessary to capture raptors, which may damage rare raptors.
<6> To attach the tracking tag, it is necessary to submit many permission application documents and complicated procedures based on various laws and regulations such as the Wildlife Protection Act.

An object of the present invention is to provide a nesting place exploration method and a nesting place exploration system for birds of prey that can solve the above problems.

The nesting place exploration method for a bird of prey according to the present invention includes (1) a step of capturing a living body of a decoy animal holding a moving device in the bird of prey, and (2) a nesting of the bird of prey by the homing behavior of the bird of prey. And a step of causing the nesting site to be specified based on the positional information transmitted by the mobile device carried together with the decoy animal.
According to this configuration, it is possible to identify the nesting site early and reliably by a simple means.

The method for exploring a nesting place for a bird of prey according to the present invention may be arranged such that the moving device has a piercing means, and before step (1), a step of inducing a swaying motion of the decoy animal by the piercing means.
According to this configuration, the behavior of the decoy makes it easy for the birds of prey to catch the eye, and thus the capture rate of the decoy can be increased.

In the method for exploring nesting sites for raptors of the present invention, the piercing means may be electric shock to decoy animals.
With this configuration, it is possible to easily and reliably induce the decoy animal to take a positive action.

The raptor nesting site exploration method of the present invention may have a mooring means for releasably mooring a decoy animal.
According to this configuration, when the bird of prey captures the decoy animal, the decoy animal can be released at an appropriate timing and can be transported to the nesting site.

In the method for exploring nesting sites for raptors of the present invention, the mooring means may be a cord-like body having one end connected to the decoy animal and the other end connected to a weight.
According to this configuration, since the decoy animal is allowed to move while mooring it, the decoy animal moves naturally, and there is little risk of alerting the bird of prey.

The nesting place exploration system for a bird of prey of the present invention includes a living body of a decoy animal, a mobile device having position information transmitting means, and an exploration device having position information receiving means, and the mobile device is held by a decoy animal. It is characterized by
According to this configuration, it is possible to specify the nesting site early and reliably with a simple configuration.

Since the nesting place exploration method and the nesting place exploration system for a bird of prey of the present invention have the above configuration, at least one of the following effects is provided.
<1> Since the nesting place is specified based on the position information of the GPS transmitter, the accuracy of the search is very high, and the nesting place can be specified in a short period of time. For example, in the case of specifying the nesting site of the goshawk, the conventional technique requires a total of 6 times during 2 to July, 3 days/time, 3 people/time (1 person×3 fixed points), and 8 hours/day of research effort. According to the present invention, however, the nesting site can be identified by investigating 6 times in a minimum of 2 to 3 months (nesting period), 1 day/time, 2 persons/time, 4 hours/day. Is possible.
<2> Since it is possible to search with inexpensive equipment and a small number of people, work efficiency is high and work cost is very low.
<3> Since the exploration accuracy does not depend on the experience and skill of the inspector, and the exploration can be performed without requiring skill, it can be carried out at a relatively low labor cost.
<4> This is a technique in which a transmitter is indirectly attached to a raptor by attaching the transmitter to a decoy animal instead of the raptor itself. Therefore, it is possible to easily carry out because there is no risk of injuring rare birds of prey, and there is no need for a license application procedure under the protection law.

Explanatory drawing of the nesting place exploration system of the bird of prey of this invention. Explanatory drawing of the nesting place exploration system of the bird of prey of this invention. Explanatory drawing (1) of the nesting place exploration method of the bird of prey of this invention. Explanatory drawing (2) of the nesting place exploration method of the bird of prey of this invention.

Hereinafter, the nesting place exploration method and nesting place exploration system for raptors of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. For convenience of explanation, the nesting site exploration system and the nesting site exploration method will be described in this order.
In the present invention, “exploration” of a nesting site does not necessarily mean directly specifying a nesting tree, but means specifying a nesting forest composed of at least a nesting tree and surrounding large diameter trees. If even nesting forests can be identified, it is possible to easily find nesting trees through a short-time forest survey.

[Nest exploration system]
<1> Overall configuration (FIG. 1).
The nesting place exploration system 1 for a bird of prey according to the present invention is a system for exploring a nesting place B of a bird of prey A by a moving device 20 held by a decoy animal 10.
The nesting site exploration system 1 includes at least a decoy animal 10, a moving device 20 held by the decoy animal 10, and an exploration device 40.
In this example, the location information service provided by a private location information service provider is used for communication between the mobile device 20 and the exploration device 40.

<1.1> Birds of prey.
The exploration target of the present invention is a bird of prey A. Raptor A is not limited to rare raptors.
In this example, an example in which the goshawk is targeted as the bird of prey A will be described. In addition, all birds such as golden eagles, bear hawks, sedges, harriers, etc., hawks, hawks, etc., hawks, etc., owls, owls, etc. Applicable to raptors.

<2> Decoy animal.
The decoy animal 10 is a prey animal (living body) of the bird of prey A to be searched, which serves as a medium for transporting the moving device 20 to the nesting site B or its periphery.
In this example, birds are adopted as the decoy animal 10, and specifically, a living body of a dove (kawara pigeon) commercially available for race pigeons is adopted.
Birds in flight are likely to catch the eyes of the bird of prey A. Among them, the flight speed of the pigeon is relatively low at about 30 to 50 km/h, so the rate of capture by the bird of prey A is high.
However, the decoy animal 10 is not limited to birds, and reptiles such as snakes and lizards, amphibians such as frogs, and small mammals such as mice and rabbits can also be selected based on the feeding habits of the bird of prey A to be searched.
Also, the birds are not limited to doves, but may be chickens, squash, quails, and the like.
The point is that it is a prey animal of the bird of prey A to be searched, and the moving device 20 may be held by an appropriate means.

<3> Moving device (FIG. 2).
The mobile device 20 is a device that transmits position information to the exploration device 40.
The moving device 20 is held by the decoy animal 10.
The mobile device 20 includes at least a position information acquisition unit 21, an information processing unit 22, and a position information transmission unit 23. In this example, a GPS transmitter is adopted as the mobile device 20.
In this example, the moving device 20 is of a leg ring type and is fixed to the legs of the dove of the decoy animal 10. In addition, the moving device 20 can be held by the decoy animal 10 by an appropriate means according to the type of the decoy animal 10, such as attaching a collar or adhering to a tail feather.
The moving device 20 has a power source for driving the position information acquisition means 21 and the like. In this example, a lithium ion rechargeable battery is used as a power source.
In addition, the moving device 20 may include a power generation unit such as a small solar panel.

<3.1> Position information acquisition means/information processing means/position information transmission means.
The position information acquisition unit 21 is a unit that measures a GPS satellite and acquires position information from the GPS satellite.
The position information transmitting means 23 is means for transmitting the position information of the mobile device 20 to the exploration device 40.
The information processing means 22 is means for controlling the position information acquisition means 21 and the position information transmission means 23.
The position information transmitted by the position information transmitting means 23 is transmitted to the exploration device 40 described later via a base station, an internet line, a management server and the like.
The position information may be transmitted in real time, or may be temporarily stored in the memory of the information processing means and transmitted at an appropriate timing.
The configuration itself of the position information acquisition unit 21, the information processing unit 22, and the position information transmission unit 23 is known as a GPS transmitter and will not be described in detail here.

<3.2> Means for piercing.
The moving device 20 may include a piercing means 24.
The piercing means 24 is means for inducing a positive action of the decoy animal 10.
Here, the “positive action” means a positive action that makes the bird of prey A notice the presence of the decoy animal 10. Specifically, it is a flight from the ground in the case of birds, continuous crawling and jumping in the case of reptiles, and a runaway in the case of small mammals. It is an action.
By the piercing means 24, the decoy animal 10 can be made to take a positive motion at any timing to be captured by the bird of prey A.
In this example, an electric shock to the decoy animal 10 is adopted as the piercing means 24.
Specifically, an electric shock device including a combination of an electrode provided inside the leg ring of the moving device 20 and a remote control capable of applying electric shock to the electrode is prepared, and an electric shock is given to the decoy animal 10 by using the electric shock device. .. The electric shock device may be a remote control type or a cord type via an electric cord.
Further, the piercing means 24 is not limited to the electric shock, and other known methods may be used as long as they can stimulate the decoy animal 10 to induce the positive movement.

<4> Exploration device.
The exploration device 40 is a device that receives and displays the position information of the mobile device 20.
The search device 40 includes at least a position information receiving unit 41 and a display unit 42.
In this example, a smartphone is used as the exploration device 40.
The position information transmitted by the position information transmitting means 23 of the mobile device 20 is transmitted to the management server of the position information service provider via a base station, a dedicated line, an internet line, etc., and processed by the position information service provider. The position information receiving means 41 receives the information.
For example, the search device 40 can display the position of the mobile device 20 in real time on the map of the display unit 42 based on the position information.
The exploration device 40 is not limited to a smartphone, and may be a flat plate tablet terminal, a notebook computer, or other device.

<5> Mooring means.
The nest site exploration system 1 of the present invention may include mooring means 30.
The mooring means 30 is a means for mooring the decoy animal 10 in a releasable manner.
By the mooring means 30, the decoy animal 10 can be released at any timing and captured by the bird of prey A.
In this example, a small diameter mooring rope is used as the mooring means 30. One end of the mooring rope is connected to the decoy animal 10 via the moving device 20, and the other end is connected to the weight body. This allows the decoy animal 10 to move and jump up within the length of the mooring rope. Therefore, the movement of the decoy animal 10 is close to natural, and the possibility of alerting the bird of prey A can be reduced.
The mooring means 30 can be detached from the moving device 20 at an arbitrary timing. The separating means may be manually operated by a person or may be operated remotely.
The mooring means 30 is not limited to the mooring rope, and a wire or a chain may be used. The other end may be fixed to the ground or a tree without using the weight. Further, instead of using a rope-like body such as a mooring rope or a wire, a bird cage or a belt for suppressing wings may be used.
The point is that the decoy animal 10 can be released at any timing.

[Nest exploration method]
<1> Overall configuration.
The nesting place exploration method for a bird of prey according to the present invention includes at least (1) a step of capturing the decoy animal 10 holding the moving device 20 in the bird of prey A, and (2) a homing action of the bird of prey A to make the bird of prey A. Transporting the decoy animal 10 to the nesting site B.
The nest site exploration system 1 of the present invention is characterized in that the decoy animal 10, which is a living body, holds the moving device 20.

<2> Preparation for exploration (Fig. 3(a)).
A leg ring type moving device 20 is fixed to the legs of the dove of the decoy animal 10. The moving device 20 comprises a piercing means 24 of an electric shock device.
A mooring rope having a length of about 3 m is connected to the moving device 20 as a mooring means 30, and a weight body is connected to the other end of the mooring rope.
The worker holds the remote control of the piercing means 24 and stands by at a visible distance of the decoy animal 10 with binoculars or the like.
The decoy animal 10 is moored by the mooring means 30 within a range of the length of the mooring rope so that the decoy animal 10 can jump up but cannot fly greatly.

<3> Positive behavior (Fig. 3(b)).
After confirming the arrival of the bird of prey A, the worker gives an electric shock to the decoy animal 10 by pressing the electric shock switch of the remote control of the piercing means 24 at a timing when the bird of prey A can easily be visually recognized.
The electric shock of the piercing means 24 causes the decoy animal 10 to fly to the sky and take a positive motion.
Here, since the decoy animal 10 is connected to the mooring means 30, it cannot fly higher than the length of the mooring rope. Therefore, the decoy animal 10 repeatedly flies at the mooring place to attract the attention of the bird of prey A.

<4> Step of capturing a decoy animal (FIG. 4(a)).
The bird of prey A who notices the swaying behavior of the decoy animal 10 captures the decoy animal 10 in the air or on the ground.
If the bird of prey A does not notice the decoy animal 10 or if he/she does not/cannot capture it, the <3> positive action is repeated.

<5> A step of transporting the decoy animal (FIG. 4(b)).
After confirming that the raptor A has surely captured the decoy animal 10, the mooring means 30 is disconnected from the moving device 20.
The bird of prey A conveys the decoy animal 10 together with the moving device 20 toward the nesting site B based on the homing behavior.

<6> Identification of nesting place.
When the raptor A feeds on the decoy animal 10, the moving device 20 is left in the nest or directly under the nesting tree b.
The location information of the mobile device 20 transmitted by the mobile device 20 is received by the exploration device 40, and the nesting site B is specified.
Note that the bird of prey A does not necessarily bring the decoy animal 10 back to the nesting tree b, and may eat while moving at a plurality of points around the nesting tree b. In that case, the nesting site B is specified by the place where the position information transmitted from the mobile device 20 is concentrated.

1 Nesting Site Exploration System 10 Decoy 20 Mobile Device 21 Position Information Acquisition Means 22 Information Processing Means 23 Position Information Transmitting Means 24 Piercing Means 30 Mooring Means 40 Exploration Equipment 41 Position Information Receiving Means 42 Display Means A Birds of Prey B Nesting Means b Nesting tree

Claims (6)

A method for exploring nesting sites for raptors,
(1) Capturing a living body of a decoy animal holding a moving device by the bird of prey,
(2) causing the bird of prey to carry the decoy animal to a nesting site by the homing action of the bird of prey.
Characterized by specifying a nesting site based on position information transmitted by the mobile device carried together with the decoy animal,
Nest exploration method. The nesting system according to claim 1, wherein the moving device has a piercing means, and the step of inducing a swaying motion of the decoy animal by the piercing means is performed before the step (1). Land exploration method. The nest locating method according to claim 2, wherein the piercing means is an electric shock to the decoy animal. 4. A nesting site exploration method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a step of mooring the decoy animal in a releasable manner by mooring means . The nesting site exploration method according to claim 4, wherein the mooring means is a cord-like body having one end connected to the decoy animal and the other end connected to a weight body. A nesting site exploration system for raptors,
A living body of a decoy animal, a mobile device having position information transmitting means, and an exploration device having position information receiving means,
Characterized in that the moving device is held by the decoy animal,
Nest exploration system.

Images