JP6721631B2 - ビデオの符号化・復号の方法、装置、およびコンピュータプログラムプロダクト - Google Patents
ビデオの符号化・復号の方法、装置、およびコンピュータプログラムプロダクト Download PDFInfo
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Description
・ 輝度(Luma)(Y)のみ(モノクロ)
・ 輝度および2つのクロマ(YCbCrまたはYCgCo)
・ 緑、青、赤(GBRまたはRGB)
・ その他の非特定モノクロまたは三刺激色サンプリングを示す配列(例えば、YZX、またはXYZ)
・ モノクロサンプリングでは、サンプル配列が1つのみ存在し、名目上輝度配列とみなされる。
・ 4:2:0サンプリングでは、2つのクロマ配列のそれぞれが輝度配列の半分の高さと半分の幅を有する。
・ 4:2:2サンプリングでは、2つのクロマ配列のそれぞれが輝度配列と同じ高さと半分の幅を有する。
・ 4:4:4サンプリングでは、別個の色平面が使用されない場合、2つのクロマ配列のそれぞれが輝度配列と同じ高さと幅を有する。
・ 第1段階で、特定のピクチャエリア(または「ブロック」)の画素値が予測される。この予測を例えば動き補償手段(符号化されるブロックと密接に対応する、先に符号化済みのビデオフレームの1つにあるエリアを探して示す手段)によって実施してもよく、これはインター予測またはインターピクチャ予測と称される。これに代えて、またはこれに加えて、予測を例えば空間手段(特定の方法で符号化されるブロックの周辺の画素値を用いる手段)によって実施してもよく、これはイントラ予測または空間予測と称される。符号化構成によっては、予測がなくても、予測信号があらかじめ定義されてもよい(例えば、ゼロ価ブロック)。
・ 第2段階で、予測誤差、すなわち画素の予測ブロックとその画素の元のブロックとの間の差分が符号化される。これは例えば、特定の変換(例えば、離散コサイン変換(Discrete Cosine Transform:DCT)やその変形)を用いて画素値の差分を変換し、係数を量子化し、量子化済み係数をエントロピー符号化することによって行われる。量子化処理の忠実度は、多くのコーデックにおいて、いわゆる量子化パラメータ(Quantization Parameter:QP)により制御される、量子化ステップのサイズで制御できる。量子化処理の忠実度を変えることによって、エンコーダは画素表現の正確性(画質)と結果として得られる符号化ビデオ表現のサイズ(ファイルサイズまたは伝送ビットレート)との間のバランスを調整することができる。別の例では、画素値は、例えば、ハフマン符号化や算術符号化等の差分パルス符号変調とエントロピー符号化を用いて変換せずに符号化される。
Φ =( i ÷ pictureWidth - 0.5 )* 360, θ =( 0.5 - j ÷ pictureHeight )* 180
(1)ビューポート固有の符号化およびストリーミング(ビューポート依存の符号化およびストリーミング、非対称投影、詰め込まれたVRビデオとも称される)。この手法では、360度の画像コンテンツは、主ビューポート上で強調(例えば、より大きな空間領域)され、同じフレームに詰め込まれる。詰め込まれたVRフレームは、単一のビットストリームに符号化される。例えば、立方体マップの前面を他の立方体面に比べて高い解像度でサンプリングし、立方体面を図9に示すように同じ詰め込まれたVRフレームにマッピングすることができる。
(2)VRビューポートビデオ(タイルベースのエンコーディングおよびストリーミングとも称される)。このアプローチでは、360度コンテンツが符号化され、様々な符号化からビューポートが選択的にストリーミング可能なように提供される。例えば、各立方体の面を別々に符号化することができる。各立方体面に対して、例えばそれぞれ異なる空間分解能を有する2つ以上の符号化されたビットストリームが提供されてもよい。プレーヤは、現在の視聴方向に基づいて復号および再生されるビットストリームを選択することができる。現在の表示方向のレンダリングに使用される立方体面に対しては高解像度ビットストリームが選択され、残りの立方体面は低解像度ビットストリームから取得されてもよい。
別の例では、正距円筒パノラマコンテンツは、動きが制限されたタイルセットを使用して符号化される。異なる空間解像度および/または画質を有する、2つ以上の符号化されたビットストリームが提供されてもよい。動きが制限された各タイルセットは、それぞれのビットストリームで利用可能になる。プレーヤは、現在の視聴方向に基づいて復号および再生されるビットストリームを選択することができる。現在の主ビューポートを網羅するタイルセットに対して高解像度または高品質のビットストリームを選択し、360度のコンテンツの残りの領域は低解像度または低品質のビットストリームから取得してもよい。
aligned(8) class SphereRegionQualityRankingBox extends FullBox('srqr', 0, 0) {
unsigned int(8) region_definition_type;
unsigned int(8) num_regions;
unsigned int(12) unequality_indicator_mask;
unsigned int(1) remaining_area_flag;
unsigned int(1) view_idc_present_flag;
if (view_idc_present_flag)
bit(2) reserved = 0;
else
unsigned int(2) default_view_idc;
for (i = 0; i < num_regions; i++) {
unsigned int(8) quality_ranking;
if (view_idc_present_flag) {
unsigned int(2) view_idc;
bit(6) reserved = 0;
}
if (i < num_regions - 1 || remaining_area_flag == 0)
SphereRegionStruct(1);
}
}
aligned(8) SphereRegionStruct(range_included_flag) {
signed int(32) center_yaw;
signed int(32) center_pitch;
singed int(32) center_roll;
if (range_included_flag) {
unsigned int(32) hor_range;
unsigned int(32) ver_range;
}
unsigned int(1) interpolate;
bit(7) reserved = 0;
}
aligned(8) class StereoVideoBox extends extends FullBox('stvi', version = 0, 0)
{
template unsigned int(30) reserved = 0;
unsigned int(2) single_view_allowed;
unsigned int(32) stereo_scheme;
unsigned int(32) length;
unsigned int(8)[length] stereo_indication_type;
Box[] any_box; // optional
}
aligned(8) class UnequalityIndicatorBox extends extends FullBox('uneq', version = 0, 0)
{
unsigned int(16) unequality_indicator_mask;
}
Claims (6)
- 第1のビューまたは領域に関する第1のビデオストリームの符号化が、第2のビューまたは領域に関する第2のビデオストリームの符号化とは異なることを示す一連のインジケータを、メディアコンテンツのビットストリームの中にまたはこれと一緒に符号化することを含む方法であって、
前記一連のインジケータは、前記第1のビデオストリームのための符号化パラメータ及び前記第2のビデオストリームのための符号化パラメータが、それぞれ、異なる水平値又は垂直値に基づくことを示し、 前記方法は更に、前記メディアコンテンツの前記ビットストリームの中にまたはこれと一緒に、前記第1のビューまたは領域に関連付けられた第1の品質ランキング値および前記第2のビューまたは領域に関連付けられた第2の品質ランキング値を含めることをさらに含み、
前記第1および第2の品質ランキング値の順序は、前記第1のビューまたは領域と前記第2のビューまたは領域との知覚される品質の順序を示し、
前記第1および第2の品質ランキング値が0である場合は、品質ランキング値が定義されていないことを示す、方法。 - 前記メディアコンテンツの前記ビットストリームの中にまたはこれと一緒に、第2の一連のインジケータを含めることをさらに含み、
前記第2の一連のインジケータは、同じ品質ランキング値を有する複数の領域の間の、空間的又は時間的な解像度を示す、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記メディアコンテンツは1つ以上の360度ピクチャを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記一連のインジケータは、不均一インジケータマスクのそれぞれのビット位置に符号化される、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのプロセッサと、コンピュータプログラムコードを含むメモリとを備える装置であって、前記コンピュータプログラムコードは、前記少なくとも1つのプロセッサによって実行されると、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の方法を前記装置に遂行させるように構成される、装置。
- 装置の少なくとも1つのプロセッサによって実行されると、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の方法を前記装置に遂行させるように構成されるコンピュータプログラムコードを含む、コンピュータプログラム。
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