JP6716516B2 - Protective element - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to protection elements.

In various electric circuits, when a current larger than the rated current flows and/or a voltage larger than the rated voltage is applied, an electric or electronic device and/or an electric or electronic component incorporated in the circuit, or an electric or electronic Protective elements are incorporated into the circuit to protect the circuit.

Known as such a protection element is a so-called fusing resistor, which includes a thermal fuse and a resistor, and causes the resistor to generate heat by energizing the resistor in the event of an abnormality, and operates the thermal fuse with the heat. (Patent Document 1).

Further, as another protection element, it has been proposed to use a bimetal switch and a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) element connected in parallel (Patent Document 2). In such a protection element, when an overcurrent condition is reached, the temperature of the bimetal portion of the bimetal switch rises and the contacts open apart, and the current is diverted to the PTC element. As a result, the PTC element trips to a high temperature and high resistance state due to overcurrent and substantially cuts off the current flowing through the PTC element.

JP, 2009-295567, A International Publication No. 2008/114650

In the protection element as described in Patent Document 1, a pair of fixed electrodes are electrically connected to the movable electrodes at their ends, and the connection points are joined by a low melting point metal. Therefore, since the fixed electrode and the movable electrode are connected in series at two places, the resistance value of the entire element tends to increase. Further, the area of the connection portion between the fixed electrode and the movable electrode is limited to the maximum cross-sectional area of the fixed electrode. Therefore, it is difficult to increase the rated voltage and rated current.

On the other hand, with the protection element as described in Patent Document 2, sufficient protection can be achieved in many cases, but depending on the conditions, particularly when used at a relatively high voltage, the arc generated during interruption is generated. It has been found that there is a case where the above can not always be suppressed sufficiently. Further, even when the PTC element trips and enters a high resistance state to substantially interrupt the current flow, a minute current (leakage current) actually flows. Even with very small currents, it may be desirable to interrupt the flow. Further, if a minute current continues to be supplied, the PTC element may continue to operate when the time until the abnormality is removed becomes long, which may cause a problem.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a protection element having a relatively small resistance value, a relatively large rated voltage and a relatively large rated current, and capable of suppressing the generation of an arc during operation.

The present invention provides, in a first aspect,
Fixed terminal,
Movable terminal,
A bonding material that melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher,
A heating element that generates heat when energized,
A protective element comprising:
The fixed terminal and the movable terminal are electrically connected by the joining material to form a main line in a state where a force in a direction in which the movable terminal is separated from the fixed terminal is applied,
The heating element is connected to a sub-line different from the main line, and the contact portions of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are arranged so as to be under the heat influence of the heating element,
When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat, and the heat melts or softens the bonding material to release the connection between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, and the movable terminal is electrically connected to the fixed terminal. Provide a protection element, which is separated from the main line and opens.

The present invention provides, in a second aspect,
A pair of fixed terminals,
A connecting member,
A bonding material that melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher,
A heating element that generates heat when energized,
A protective element comprising:
The pair of fixed terminals are spaced apart,
The angle formed by the vectors of the currents flowing through the terminals of the pair of fixed terminals is 0° or more and 150° or less,
The connecting member is arranged to connect the pair of fixed terminals,
The connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are electrically connected by the bonding material in a state in which the connecting member is loaded with a force in a direction of separating from the pair of fixed terminals to form a main line,
The heating element is connected to a sub-line different from the main line, and the contacts of the connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are arranged so as to be under the thermal influence of the heating element.
When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat, the bonding material is melted or softened, the connection between the connecting member and the fixed terminal is released, and the connecting member is electrically separated from the fixed terminal. , Main line open, provide protection element.

The present invention provides, in a third aspect, an electric device comprising the above-mentioned protective element of the present invention.

According to the present invention, by using the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, it is possible to unify the junction portions existing in series in the protection element, so that the resistance can be made relatively small, and the rated voltage can be reduced. And a protection element having a relatively high rated current is provided. Further, since the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are connected in a state in which the movable terminal is loaded with a force in the direction of separating from the fixed terminal, the above-mentioned force is exerted when the protective element operates and the two separate. It works, the insulation distance can be secured in a short time, and the occurrence of arc can be suppressed.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a closed state of a circuit of a protection element 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in the state of the protection element 1 of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the circuit of the protection element 1 of FIG. 1 is opened. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line BB in the state of the protection element 1 of FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which the circuit of the protection element 21 according to another aspect of the present invention is closed. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a state in which the circuit of the protection element 31 according to another aspect of the present invention is closed. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which the circuit of the protection element 51 according to one aspect of the present invention is closed. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line AA in the state of the protection element 51 of FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state in which the circuit of the protection element 51 of FIG. 7 is opened. FIG. 10 is a BB cross-sectional view in the state of the protection element 51 of FIG. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting member 54 and the slider 58 in the protection element 51 of FIG. FIG. 12 shows a state in which the circuit of the protection element 81 according to another aspect of the present invention is closed.

Hereinafter, the protection element of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, it should be noted that the protection element of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

(First embodiment)
1 and 2 are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a state in which the circuit of the protection element 1 of the present invention is closed. 3 and 4 are a perspective view and a sectional view of the protective element 1 of the present invention with the circuit opened. 1 and 3, the housing cover of the protection element 1 is shown by a dotted line.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the protective element 1 of the present invention has a fixed terminal 2, a movable terminal 3, a third terminal 17, a fourth terminal 18, a bonding material 4, a heating element 5, and a spring 6. It will be done. The fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 are electrically connected to each other by the joining material 4 in a state in which a force in a direction of separating the movable terminal 3 from the fixed terminal 2 is applied by the spring 6 to form a main line. .. The heating element 5 is arranged below the contact portion between the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3, that is, the portion where the bonding material 4 is present. A third terminal 17 and a fourth terminal 18 are connected to the heating element 5, and these constitute a sub line. The fixed terminal 2, the movable terminal 3, the third terminal 17, the fourth terminal 18, the bonding material 4, the heating element 5, and the spring 6 are provided on the housing base 15 except for the connection portion of each terminal to other electronic components. It is housed in a housing 14 including a housing cover 16.

The protective element 1 of the present invention in a normal state, that is, before operation is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this state, the contact of the protection element 1 is closed, and the current flows through the main line in the order of the fixed terminal 2, the contact portion 8 (that is, the bonding material 4), and the movable terminal 3 (or vice versa). Substantially no current flows in the sub line.

The protective element 1 of the present invention at the time of abnormality, that is, after operation, is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. At the time of abnormality, the heating element 5 is energized, and the heating element 5 generates heat. The heat generated in the heating element 5 is transferred to the bonding material 4. That is, in the protection element 1 of the present invention, the bonding material 4 is arranged so as to be under the thermal influence of the heating element 5. The joining material 4 is melted or softened by this heat, the connection between the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 is released, and the movable terminal 3 is electrically separated from the fixed terminal 2. As a result, the main line opens. In this separation of the fixed terminal 2, since the movable terminal 3 is in the state of being loaded with the force in the direction of separating from the fixed terminal 2, the distance between the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 reaches the insulation distance in a short time, Generation of arc is suppressed. Therefore, the protection device 1 of the present invention can have a high rated voltage.

In the protection element 1 of the present invention, the main line has only one contact portion 8 arranged in series. Therefore, the resistance value of the main line of the protection element can be made relatively small. Further, since the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 can be surface-connected at the contact portion 8, it is easy to increase the area of the contact portion (that is, the area where the bonding material 4 is present), so that the resistance is further increased. The value can be reduced. Therefore, the protection device 1 of the present invention can have a high rated current.

Here, in the present specification, "rated current" and "rated voltage" mean that the protective element can exert a predetermined function when the current and voltage are constantly applied, and can be used safely. Means maximum current and maximum voltage, respectively.

The material forming the fixed terminal 2 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include copper, iron, zinc, tin, nickel, aluminum, beryllium, cobalt, manganese, chromium and alloys thereof, and copper is preferable.

The shape of the fixed terminal 2 is not particularly limited, but preferably the contact portion has a planar shape. In one aspect, the shape of the fixed terminal 2 is generally rectangular. The term “whole rectangle” means that the through holes, the constricted portions, the claws, etc. are ignored if they exist, or if they are not present, they are rectangular.

The material forming the movable terminal 3 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include copper, iron, zinc, tin, nickel, aluminum, beryllium, cobalt, manganese, chromium and alloys thereof, and copper is preferable.

In a preferred embodiment, the material forming the fixed terminal 2 and the material forming the movable terminal 3 are the same.

The shape of the movable terminal 3 used for the protection element 1 is not particularly limited as long as it can be separated from the fixed terminal 2 during operation.

In this embodiment, the movable terminal 3 has a groove 9. Since the thickness of the movable terminal 3 is reduced in the groove portion 9, the movable terminal 3 becomes a bent portion as described below.

The thickness of the movable terminal 3 at the location where the groove 9 is present is not particularly limited as long as it is smaller than the thickness of other portions and bends preferentially. For example, the magnitude of the force acting on the movable portion 10 described below. , And can be set as appropriate according to the length of the movable portion 10.

The movable terminal 3 has a movable portion 10 and a fixed portion 11 positioned on the contact portion 8 side with the groove 9 as a boundary. The fixing portion 11 is fixed to the housing base 15 with screws 12. The movable portion 10 is narrower in width than the fixed portion 11, is joined to the fixed terminal 2 at the contact portion 8 which is the tip portion thereof, and has the arm 13 extending toward both sides at the tip portion thereof. ing. The method for fixing the fixing portion 11 to the housing base 15 is not limited to the method using screws. For example, another method is heat welding (so-called heat staking). As still another method, the protrusion raised from the housing base 15 may be passed through an opening provided in the fixing portion, and the protrusion may be deformed by applying heat, so that the fixing portion is caulked and fixed. ..

In a preferred mode, the movable terminal 3 has a planar shape at the contact portion. Particularly preferably, the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 have a planar shape at the contact portion. By forming the contact portions of the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 into a planar shape, the joining is facilitated, the area of the contact portions is easily adjusted, and the electrical characteristics and the cutting characteristics according to the requirements are further facilitated. Obtainable.

In a normal state, the movable portions 10 of the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 are joined by the joining material 4 in a state where a force in a direction of separating the fixed terminal 2 from the fixed terminal 2 is applied to the movable terminal 3. The force in the direction of separating the movable terminal 3 from the fixed terminal 2 is given by hooking the arm of the movable terminal 3 with the arm of the torsion spring 6 in a compressed state.

When the heating element 5 generates heat in an abnormal state and the bonding material 4 melts or softens, the movable terminal 3 bends in the groove 9 by the action of the spring 6, the movable portion 10 is lifted upward, and the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 are separated. Separate immediately.

The bonding material 4 melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher. The material forming the bonding material 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is conductive and melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher, and a low melting point metal is preferably used.

The low melting point metal is not particularly limited, but for example, Sn, Bi-Cd alloy, Bi-Pb alloy, Sn-Ag alloy, Sn-Ag-Bi-In alloy, Sn-Ag-Cu alloy, Sn-Ag. -Cu-Bi alloy, Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi-In alloy, Sn-Ag-Cu-Co-Ni alloy, Sn-Ag-Cu-Sb alloy, Sn-Ag-Ni-Co alloy, Sn-Bi alloy , Sn-Bi-Ag alloy, Sn-Bi-Cd alloy, Sn-Bi-In alloy, Sn-Bi-Pb alloy, Sn-Bi-Pb-Cd alloy, Sn-Bi-Pb-Cd-In alloy, Sn -Bi-Pb-In alloy, Sn-Bi-Zn alloy, Sn-Cu alloy, Sn-Cu-Ni alloy, Sn-Cu-Ni-P-Ge alloy, Sn-Cd alloy, Sn-In alloy, Sn- Pb alloy, Sn-Pb-Cd alloy, Sn-Zn alloy and Sn-Sb alloy, Sn-Bi-Zn alloy, Sn-Bi-In-Zn alloy, Sn-In-Zn alloy, In-Bi alloy, In- Examples include Zn alloys and In-Ag alloys. Preferably, Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and Sn-Ag-Bi-In alloy are used.

The low melting point metal may be present over the entire bonding region between the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3, or may be present only in part thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the low melting point metal is present on substantially the entire bonding area.

The heating element 5 is not particularly limited as long as it generates heat when energized. As the heating element, for example, an element using a resistor (for example, a nichrome wire), a PTC element, or the like can be used.

The shape of the heating element is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of more efficiently transferring the heat generated in the heating element to the bonding material, the heating element preferably has a shape corresponding to the member to which the heat should be transferred. In the illustrated example, since the member to which the heating element transmits heat is the fixed terminal 2, the shape of the heating element 5 is preferably the shape of the lower surface of the fixed terminal 2, that is, the planar shape.

The bonding material 4 is preferably melted or softened as uniformly as possible during operation. By uniformly melting or softening the bonding material, it is possible to suppress the generation of arc. Therefore, it is preferable that the heating element is arranged at a position where heat can be evenly transferred to the contact portion.

In one aspect, the heating element is arranged below the fixed terminal, and the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are connected by a connecting member above the heating element. That is, the contact portion 8 is located above the heating element.

In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is fixed directly to the fixed terminal. The fixing method is not particularly limited, and examples include fixing with a bolt, fixing with an adhesive, and fixing with a hook, a claw, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the fixing is preferably performed using a heat conductive adhesive such as heat transfer cement.

In the protection element 1, by widely contacting the heating element 5 with the contact portion 8 of the fixed terminal 2 and the vicinity thereof, the heat generated in the heating element 5 can be uniformly and quickly transferred to the bonding material 4.

Power is supplied to the heating element 5 via the third terminal 17 and the fourth terminal 18. The third terminal 17 and the fourth terminal 18 are not essential components and may not be present. In this case, the heating element may be energized by another means such as a fixed terminal or a movable terminal for energizing the heating element.

Materials forming the case base 15 and the case cover 16 are not particularly limited.

In one aspect, the housing base 15 and the housing cover 16 are formed of a resin, particularly a heat resistant resin or a resin having resistance to an arc. By using such a resin, it is possible to obtain a protective element that is unlikely to cause defects even when an arc occurs. Further, even when it is exposed to a high temperature environment, it is possible to prevent the protection element from being deformed.

Examples of the resin include LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) resin, polyamide resin, PPS (Poly Phenylene Sulfide) resin, PLA (Polylactic acid) resin, ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) resin, PE (Polyethylene) resin. , PP (Polypropylene) resin, epoxy resin and the like.

As described above, since the protective element of the present invention has a high rated current and a high rated voltage, it is preferably used in various electric devices. The invention therefore also provides an electrical device characterized in that it comprises a protective element according to the invention.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the protective element 21 of the present invention with the circuit closed. Incidentally, in FIG. 5, the housing cover of the protection element 21 is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5, the protection element 21 of the present embodiment does not have the fourth terminal 18, but has the wiring 22 that electrically connects the heating element 5 and the movable portion 10 of the movable terminal 3. This is different from the protection element 1 described above. That is, in the protection element 21, the sub line includes the third terminal 17, the heating element 5, and the movable terminal 3.

In the present embodiment, the wiring 22 is electrically connected to the movable terminal 3, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the wiring 22 may be electrically connected to the fixed terminal 2. Further, the path of the current flowing through the sub line is the third terminal 17, the heating element 5, and the movable terminal 3; the third terminal 17, the heating element 5, and the fixed terminal 2; the third terminal 17, the heating element 5, and the movable terminal. 3 and the fixed terminal 2; or the third terminal 17, the heating element 5, the fixed terminal 2 and the movable terminal 3 in that order (or vice versa).

In one aspect, the sub-line is configured to include the contact portion 8. For example, the sub-line is configured in the order of the third terminal 17, the heating element 5, the movable terminal 3, and the fixed terminal 2, or in the order of the third terminal 17, the heating element 5, the fixed terminal 2, and the movable terminal 3. .. With such a configuration, the main line and the sub line can be opened simultaneously by opening the contact portion 8.

(Third Embodiment)
Further, FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a state in which the circuit of the protection element 31 of the present invention is closed. Incidentally, in FIG. 6, the housing cover of the protection element 31 is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 6, the protective element 31 of the present embodiment further includes magnets 32 and 33 in addition to the configuration of the protective element 1 described above. The magnets 32 and 33 are arranged so that the contact portion 8 is located between them.

These magnets 32 and 33 are preferably arranged such that the south pole of one magnet faces the north pole of the other magnet.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnets 32 and 33 are arranged such that the direction of the magnetic flux is not parallel to the direction of the arc (that is, the direction of current flow at the contact points), preferably 45° or more, and more preferably substantially. Are arranged so that they are at right angles. By making the direction of the magnetic flux close to the direction of the arc at a right angle, the arc can be efficiently extended in the lateral direction.

When the contact part 8 opens, an arc may occur between the contact of the fixed terminal 2 and the contact of the movable terminal 3. The arc generated at the contact portion 8 is extended in the side wall direction by the action of the Lorentz force by the magnetic field generated by the magnets 32 and 33. As a result, the arc is quickly attenuated, and problems such as damage to the housing due to the arc can be avoided. Further, since the arc can be rapidly attenuated and extinguished, the rated current and rated voltage of the protection device can be further increased.

The magnet may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. In a preferred embodiment, the magnet is a permanent magnet.

The permanent magnet is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a neodymium magnet, a samarium cobalt magnet, an alnico magnet, and a ferrite magnet.

In one aspect, the magnet may have a yoke containing metal in order to increase the magnetic flux density at the place where the arc occurs. When there are two magnets like the protection element 31 of the present embodiment, the yoke is installed so as to connect them.

Examples of the metal contained in the yoke include iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, boron, niobium, zinc and the like.

In one aspect, at least one of the housing base 15 and the housing cover 16 may be made of a metal material. By using the metal material, it is possible to suppress electromagnetic interference due to the leakage magnetic flux from the magnet.

When the material forming the housing base 15 and the housing cover 16 is a metal material, the housing base 15 or the housing cover 16 can also be used as the yoke. By using the case base 15 and the case cover 16 as a yoke, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux acting on the arc can be increased without increasing the size of the protection device, and the leakage of the magnetic flux can be further reduced. You can

The metal material forming the upper plate is preferably nickel, stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, tin, titanium, or an alloy of these metals. In a preferred embodiment, the metal material forming the housing base 15 and the housing cover 16 is iron, nickel, an alloy of these metals, or the like.

The housing base 15 and the housing cover 16 are preferably installed so as to be in contact with the magnet. This can further reduce the leakage of magnetic flux.

Although the first to third embodiments of the present invention have been described above, various modifications can be made to the protective elements of the first to third embodiments.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the torsion spring 6 is used to apply a force to the movable terminal in a direction in which the movable terminal is separated from the fixed terminal, but the present invention is not limited to this aspect. ..

For example, in one aspect, a compression spring, a tension spring, a leaf spring or the like may be used instead of the torsion spring.

In another embodiment, another elastic body such as rubber may be used instead of the torsion spring.

In another aspect, the movable terminal itself may have elasticity without using a separate elastic body such as a torsion spring. For example, the movable terminal itself may be used as a leaf spring.

Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the groove 9 is provided in the movable terminal so as to be easily bent during operation, but the present invention is not limited to this aspect.

In one aspect, instead of the groove, notches may be provided at both ends of a portion corresponding to the groove to reduce the width of the terminal.

In another aspect, instead of the groove, a through hole may be provided in a part of a portion corresponding to the groove.

The groove and the like are not essential components and may not be present.

Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the number of the contact portions 8 is only one, but the present invention is not limited to this aspect.

For example, in one aspect, a plurality of contact portions may exist in parallel. Specifically, in the movable terminal, the movable portion may be divided into two, and the tips thereof may be contact portions (so-called double-make contacts). Increasing the number of contact portions increases the contact area between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, which is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the resistance. On the other hand, the above-described embodiment having only one contact portion is preferable from the viewpoint that the timing of opening the plurality of contact portions is less likely to shift and the occurrence of arc is suppressed.

(Fourth Embodiment)
7 and 8 are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of the protective element 51 of the present invention with the circuit closed. 9 and 10 show a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of the protective element 51 of the present invention with the circuit opened. Further, FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the connecting member 54 and the slider 58 in the protection element 51 of FIG. 7. 7 and 9, the housing cover of the protection element 51 is shown by a dotted line.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the protective element 51 of the present invention has, as main constituent elements, a first fixed terminal 52, a second fixed terminal 53, a connecting member 54, a third terminal 55, a bonding material 56, and It has a heating element 57, a slider 58, a magnet 64, a compression spring 59 and a torsion spring 60. The first fixed terminal 52 and the second fixed terminal 53 (hereinafter, also collectively referred to as “fixed terminals 52, 53”) and the connecting member 54 are loaded with a force in a direction in which the connecting member 54 is separated from the fixed terminals 52, 53. In this state, they are electrically connected by the joining material 56 to form a main line. The heating element 57 is arranged below the contact points 63 of the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54, that is, the location where the bonding material 56 is present. One electrode of the heating element 57 is connected to the third terminal 55 via the wiring 62, and the other electrode is connected to the connecting member 54 via the wiring 69 and the guide shaft 61. The third terminal 55, the wiring 62, the heating element 57, the wiring 69, the guide shaft 61, the connecting member 54, and the first fixed terminal 52 or the second fixed terminal 53 form a sub line. The fixed terminals 52 and 53, the connecting member 54, the third terminal 55, the bonding material 56, the heating element 57, the slider 58, the magnet 64, the compression spring 59, the torsion spring 60, the guide shaft 61 and the wiring 62 are one of the terminals. Except for the parts, they are housed in a housing 65 composed of a housing base 66 and a housing cover 67.

The protective element 51 of the present invention in a normal state, that is, before operation is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. In this state, the contact of the protection element 51 is closed, and the current flows through the main line in the order of the first fixed terminal 52, the connecting member 54, and the second fixed terminal 53 (or vice versa). Substantially no current flows in the sub line.

The protective element 51 of the present invention at the time of abnormality, that is, after the operation is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. When an abnormality occurs, the sub-line is energized, and the heating element 57 produces heat. When the joining material 56 is melted or softened by the heat generated by the heating element 57, the connecting member 54 is lifted upward, the connection between the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54 is released, and the current in the main line is cut off. ..

The material forming the fixed terminals 52, 53 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include copper, iron, zinc, tin, nickel, aluminum, beryllium, cobalt, manganese, chromium and alloys thereof, and preferably copper. is there.

The shape of the fixed terminals 52, 53 used in the protective element of the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably the contact portion has a planar shape. In one aspect, the fixed terminals 52, 53 are generally rectangular in shape. The term “whole rectangle” means that the through holes, the constricted portions, the claws, etc. are ignored if they exist, or if they are not present, they are rectangular.

The pair of fixed terminals 52 and 53 are spaced apart from each other so that the angle formed by the vector of the current flowing through each terminal is 0° or more and 150° or less. The angle formed by the vector of the current flowing through each terminal is preferably 0° or more and 90° or less, more preferably 0° or more and 60° or less, still more preferably 0° or more and 30° or less, still more preferably 0° or more and 10°. Hereafter, it is particularly preferably substantially 0°. Here, the “vector of the current flowing through the terminal” is used to indicate the direction of the terminal and means the direction in which the current flows. For example, when a current flows through the fixed terminal 52, the connecting member 54, and the fixed terminal 53 in this order, the vector of the current flowing through the fixed terminal 52 is parallel to the length direction of the fixed terminal 52 and is transferred from the fixed terminal 52 to the connecting member 54. The vector of the electric current flowing in the fixed terminal 53 is a vector in the direction from the connecting member 54 to the fixed terminal 53 in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the fixed terminal 53. That is, in the present embodiment, the angle formed by the vector of the current flowing through each terminal is substantially 0°.

By setting the angle formed by the vector of the current flowing through each terminal to 0° or more and 150° or less as described above, it becomes easy to bring the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54 into surface contact with each other, and reduce the resistance at the contact points. Easy to do. As a result, the rated current can be increased. By making the angle formed by the vector of the current flowing through each terminal close to 0°, it becomes easier to bring the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54 into surface contact.

In a preferred embodiment, the fixed terminals 52, 53 are arranged so that their tips do not spatially overlap. Here, "the ends of the other fixed terminals do not spatially overlap" means that the ends of one fixed terminal are not in the space extending from the side surface of the other fixed terminal perpendicularly to the surface. The side surface referred to here means a surface parallel or substantially parallel to the length direction.

By arranging the fixed terminals 52, 53 so that their tips do not spatially overlap with each other, it becomes easy to bring the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54 into surface contact with each other. Moreover, since there is no overlap between the fixed terminals 52 and 53, the stray capacitance between the fixed terminals can be reduced.

The material forming the connecting member 54 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include copper, iron, zinc, tin, nickel, aluminum, beryllium, cobalt, manganese, chromium, and alloys thereof, and copper is preferable.

In a preferred embodiment, the material forming the connecting member 54 and the material forming the fixed terminals 52, 53 are the same.

The shape of the connecting member 54 used in the protection element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it connects the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and can be separated from the fixed terminals 52 and 53 during operation.

In the present embodiment, the connecting member 54 has a convex portion 71 in the center, has connecting portions 72 at both ends thereof, and further has a wing portion 73 bent outward obliquely upward. A through hole 74 is provided in the center of the convex portion 71. The connecting member 54 is joined to the fixed terminals 52 and 53 by a joining material 56 while being inserted into the guide shaft 61.

In a preferred aspect, the connecting member 54 has a planar shape at the contact portion. Particularly preferably, both the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54 have a planar shape at the contact portion. By forming the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54 in the contact portion in a planar shape, the joining is facilitated, the area of the contact portion is easily adjusted, and the electrical characteristics and the cutting characteristics required can be further improved. Can be easily obtained.

Below the connecting member 54, a compression spring 59 is inserted in the guide shaft 61 and arranged in a compressed state. As a result, the connecting member 54 is in a state in which a force in the direction in which the connecting member is separated from the fixed terminal is applied.

As a material for forming the slider 58, an insulating material, for example, an insulating ceramic, for example, alumina, zirconia or the like, a resin, for example, a heat resistant resin such as a liquid crystal polymer (LCP), a polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS resin) or the like can be used. .. Insulating ceramics are preferable as the material because of its high strength and heat resistance. The material is preferably a material having a low thermal conductivity, for example, zirconia so as not to remove the heat generated by the heating element.

The shape of the slider 58 used in the protection element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape that can be submerged below the connecting member 54 during operation.

In the present embodiment, one side surface of the slider 58 is an inclined surface 75. The slider 58 is arranged so that the inclined surface 75 contacts the lower surface of the wing portion 73 of the connecting member 54.

The slider 58 is in a state of being pressed against the connecting member 54 by the torsion spring 60. That is, the pair of sliders 58 are arranged in a state in which a force in a direction toward the connecting member 54, that is, a direction toward each other is applied. This force acts in the horizontal direction (that is, in the direction parallel to the surface of the fixed terminal), but since the inclined surface 75 of the slider 58 and the wing portion 73 of the connecting member 54 are in contact with each other obliquely, the force transmitted to the connecting member 54. Is converted into an upward force (ie, a direction perpendicular to the plane of the fixed terminal). As a result, the connecting member 54 is in a state in which a force in the direction in which the connecting member is separated from the fixed terminal is applied.

When the protective element 51 operates, the slider is inserted between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54, and separates the two. Therefore, the distance between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54 after the operation can be reduced by using the slider having a high insulating property. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the height of the entire protection element.

The joining material 56 melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher. The material forming the bonding material 56 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is conductive and melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher, and a low melting point metal is preferably used. Specifically, the same material as the bonding material 6 in the first embodiment described above can be used.

The low melting point metal may be present over the entire bonding region between the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54, or may be present only in part thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the low melting point metal is present on substantially the entire bonding area.

The heating element 57 is not particularly limited as long as it generates heat when energized. As the heating element, for example, an element using a resistor (for example, a nichrome wire), a PTC element, or the like can be used.

The shape of the heating element is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of more efficiently transferring the heat generated in the heating element to the bonding material, the heating element preferably has a shape corresponding to the member to which the heat should be transferred. In the illustrated example, since the members to which the heat generating element transmits heat are the fixed terminals 52 and 53, the shape of the heat generating element 57 is preferably the shape of the lower surface of the fixed terminals 52 and 53, that is, the planar shape.

The heating element 57 is preferably connected in a sub-line different from the main line, and is arranged so that the contact points between the connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are under the thermal influence of the heating element.

Further, it is preferable that the heating element is arranged at a position where heat can be evenly transferred to the contact portion. By arranging the heating element in this way, heat can be transmitted to the bonding material 56 as uniformly as possible during operation, and can be melted or softened uniformly. By uniformly melting or softening the bonding material, it is possible to suppress the generation of arc.

In one aspect, the heating element is arranged below the fixed terminal, and the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are connected by a connecting member above the heating element. That is, the contact portion 63 is located above the heating element.

In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is fixed directly to the fixed terminal. The fixing method is not particularly limited, and examples include fixing with a bolt, fixing with an adhesive, and fixing with a hook, a claw, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the fixing is performed using a heat conductive adhesive such as heat transfer cement.

In the protective element 51, the heat generating element 57 is widely contacted with the contact portion 63 and its vicinity, so that the heat generated in the heat generating element 57 can be uniformly and quickly transferred to the bonding material 56.

In the protective element 51, the heating element 57 is energized via the first fixed terminal 52 or the second fixed terminal 53 and the third terminal 55. The third terminal 55 is electrically connected to the heating element 57 via the wiring 62. The first fixed terminal 52 or the second fixed terminal 53 is electrically connected to the heating element 57 via the connecting member 54, the guide shaft 61 and the wiring 69. The connection member 54 and the guide shaft 61 may be connected so as to be in direct contact with each other, or may be connected using another flexible wire or the like.

In the present embodiment, the protection element 51 has a pair of magnets 64. The magnet 64 is arranged so that the contact portion 63 is located therebetween.

These magnets 64 are preferably arranged such that the south pole of one magnet faces the north pole of the other magnet.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnet 64 is arranged such that the direction of the magnetic flux is not parallel to the direction of the arc (that is, the direction of current flow at the contact point), preferably 45° or more, more preferably substantially. It is arranged so that it becomes a right angle. By making the direction of the magnetic flux close to the direction of the arc at a right angle, the arc can be efficiently extended in the lateral direction.

When the contacts open, an arc may occur between the fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54. The arc generated at the contact point is extended in the side wall direction by the action of the Lorentz force by the magnetic field generated by the magnet 64. As a result, the arc is quickly attenuated, and problems such as damage to the housing due to the arc can be avoided. Further, since the arc can be rapidly attenuated and extinguished, the rated current and rated voltage of the protection device can be further increased.

The magnet may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. The use of a permanent magnet is advantageous in that it does not require electric power. Further, when the electromagnet is used, it is possible to change the polarity of the magnetic field, which is advantageous in that the direction of the Lorentz force acting on the arc can be controlled. In a preferred embodiment, the magnet is a permanent magnet.

The permanent magnet is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a neodymium magnet, a samarium cobalt magnet, an alnico magnet, and a ferrite magnet.

In one aspect, the magnet may have a yoke containing metal in order to increase the magnetic flux density at the place where the arc occurs. When there are two magnets like the protection element 51 of the present embodiment, the yoke is installed so as to connect them.

Examples of the metal contained in the yoke include iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, boron, niobium, zinc and the like.

Materials forming the case base 66 and the case cover 67 are not particularly limited.

In one aspect, the housing base 66 and the housing cover 67 are formed of a resin, particularly a heat resistant resin or a resin having resistance to an arc. By using such a resin, it is possible to obtain a protective element that is unlikely to cause defects even when an arc occurs. Further, even when it is exposed to a high temperature environment, it is possible to prevent the protection element from being deformed. Examples of the resin include the resins described in the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, in a normal state, the pair of fixed terminals 52, 53 and the connecting member 54 are joined to each other by applying a force in a direction of separating the fixed member 52, 53 from the connecting member 54. It is joined by 56. The force for separating the connecting member 54 from the fixed terminals 52 and 53 is given by the compression spring 59 below the connecting member 54 in a compressed state. Further, the force is also applied by the slider 58 pushing the lower surface of the wing portion 73 of the connecting member 54. In this state, the contact of the protection element 51 is closed, and the current flows through the main line in the order of the fixed terminal 52, the connecting member 54, and the fixed terminal 53 (or vice versa). Substantially no current flows in the sub line.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, at the time of abnormality, the connecting member 54 moves upward, the electrical connection with the pair of fixed terminals 52, 53 is released, the main line is opened, and the current is cut off. .. More specifically, when an abnormality occurs, the sub-line including the heating element 57 is energized, and the heating element 57 generates heat. The heat generated by the heating element 57 is transferred to the bonding material 56 under the influence of the heating element 57. When the joining material 56 is melted or softened by this heat, the joining force between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54 is reduced or disappears. Since the connecting member 54 is loaded with a force in a direction of separating from the fixed terminals 52 and 53, the connecting member 54 is lifted upward, and the distance between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54 is shortened in a short time. The insulation distance is reached and the generation of arcs is suppressed. Therefore, the protection element 51 of the present invention can have a high rated voltage. Further, the pair of sliders 58 is moved in the direction of the connecting member 54 by the force of the torsion spring 60, and the connecting member 54 is lifted upward along the slope of the slider 58. Due to this effect, the distance between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54 can reach the insulation distance in a shorter time. Further, the slider 58 moves so as to sneak under the connecting member 54, and blocks between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54. Therefore, the generation of arc can be further suppressed.

Further, in the protective element 51 of the present invention, since the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 54 can be surface-connected at the contact portion 63, the area of the contact portion 63 (that is, the area where the bonding material 56 exists) is reduced. It becomes easy to increase the resistance, and the resistance value can be further decreased. Therefore, the protection element 51 of the present invention can have a high rated current.

As described above, since the protective element of the present invention has a high rated current and a high rated voltage, it is preferably used in various electric devices. The invention therefore also provides an electrical device characterized in that it comprises a protective element according to the invention.

(Fifth Embodiment)
FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a state in which the circuit of the protection element 81 of the present invention is closed. Note that, in FIG. 12, the housing cover of the protection element 81 is shown by a dotted line.

As shown in FIG. 12, the protective element 81 of the present embodiment differs from the protective element 51 described above in that the slider slides in the width direction of the fixed terminal. Further, as the power for moving the slider, the protection element 51 uses a torsion spring, but the protection element 81 differs in that a magnet is used.

More specifically, in the protection element 81 of the present embodiment, the pair of sliders 88 are arranged such that their slopes face each other and are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fixed terminals 52, 53. The magnet 64 is arranged behind the slider 88 (that is, on the side surface opposite to the inclined surface). The connecting member 84 is arranged between the pair of sliders 88. The wings of the connecting member 84 of the protective element 81 extend along the slope of the slider 88.

The magnet 64 is held by the holding member 82, and the holding member 82 is inserted through the shaft 83.

In one aspect, the retaining member and/or the shaft are formed of metal. By forming the holding member and the shaft from metal, they function as a yoke, and the magnetic flux density at the place where the arc occurs can be increased.

In one aspect, the shaft 83 may be provided with springs, such as compression springs, tension springs, leaf springs, torsion springs, etc., to assist the force with which the slider 88 slides. For example, in the mode shown in FIG. 12, a compression spring may be provided on the shaft between the holding member 82 and the housing base 66.

At the time of abnormality, the sub-line including the heating element is energized, and the joining material is melted or softened by the heat generated by the heating element, and the joining force between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 84 is reduced or disappears. As a result, the pair of magnets 64 move along the shaft 83 in directions toward each other. As the magnets push the sliders 88, the sliders 88 move toward each other to push the connecting member 84 upward. Due to this effect, the distance between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 84 can reach the insulation distance in a shorter time. Further, the slider 88 moves so as to sneak under the connecting member 84, and blocks between the fixed terminals 52 and 53 and the connecting member 84. Therefore, the generation of arc can be further suppressed. Further, in this aspect, since the distance between the magnets is shortened as the slider moves, the magnetic flux density at the contact points increases and the arc extinguishing effect increases.

Although the fourth and fifth embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the protection element of the present invention can be modified in various ways.

For example, in the fourth and fifth embodiments described above, the compression spring is arranged below the connecting member to apply a force to the connecting member in the direction of separating from the pair of fixed terminals. However, the present invention is not limited to such an aspect, and it is not necessary to install such a compression spring. In this case, a force acts in the direction of separating the connecting member from the pair of fixed terminals only by the slider.

Further, the spring used to obtain the force in the direction of separating the connecting member from the pair of fixed terminals is not limited to the compression spring, and one kind selected from various springs such as a compression spring, a tension spring, a leaf spring, and a torsion spring. Alternatively, two or more kinds may be used.

In another embodiment, instead of the spring, another elastic body such as rubber may be used.

In the fourth and fifth embodiments described above, the contact portion between the first fixed terminal and the connecting member and the contact portion between the second fixed terminal and the connecting member are under the thermal influence of the same heating element. However, the present invention is not limited to such an aspect, and separate heating elements may be used to heat the respective contact portions.

In the fourth and fifth embodiments described above, the sub line is formed from the third terminal 55, the wiring 62, the heating element 57, the wiring 69, the guide shaft 61, the connecting member 54, and the first fixed terminal 52 or the second fixed terminal 53. It is configured. That is, one electrode of the heating element 57 is connected to the third terminal 55 via the wiring 62, and the other electrode is connected to the connecting member 54 via the wiring 69 and the guide shaft 61. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and for example, the other electrode may be connected to the fixed terminal 52 or the fixed terminal 53 instead of the connecting member 54.

In the fourth and fifth embodiments, the sub line is connected to the main line, and the fixed terminal is also used as the terminal of the sub line. However, the present invention is not limited to this mode, and the sub line may be a circuit completely separate from the main line. For example, a sub-line may be configured by providing a fourth terminal in addition to the third terminal and connecting a heating element to each of the third terminal and the fourth terminal.

Although the present invention is not particularly limited, the following aspects are disclosed.
1. Fixed terminal,
Movable terminal,
A bonding material that melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher,
A heating element that generates heat when energized,
A protective element comprising:
The fixed terminal and the movable terminal are electrically connected by the joining material to form a main line in a state where a force in a direction in which the movable terminal is separated from the fixed terminal is applied,
The heating element is connected to a sub-line different from the main line, and the contact portions of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are arranged so as to be under the heat influence of the heating element,
When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat, and the heat melts or softens the bonding material to release the connection between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, and the movable terminal is electrically connected to the fixed terminal. A protective element that is separated from the main line and opens.
2. It also has a third terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal, and further electrically connected to the fixed terminal or the movable terminal,
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fixed terminal and/or the movable terminal form a sub-line,
The protection element according to aspect 1.
3. The protection element according to aspect 2, wherein the sub line includes a contact portion between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, and the movable terminal operates to open the sub line at the same time as the main line.
4. Furthermore, it has a third terminal and a fourth terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal and the fourth terminal,
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fourth terminal form a sub line.
The protection element according to aspect 1.
5. Furthermore, it has one or more springs selected from compression springs, tension springs, leaf springs and torsion springs,
The protection element according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein a force in a direction in which the movable terminal is separated from a fixed terminal is applied by the spring.
6. The protection element according to aspect 5, wherein the spring is a torsion spring.
7. 7. The protective element according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein at least the contact portions of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are plate-shaped.
8. 8. The protective element according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the movable terminal has a groove and is movable by bending along the groove.
9. 9. The protective element according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the heating element is arranged below the fixed terminal, and the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are connected by the connecting member above the heating element.
10. In addition, it has a magnet,
Any of Aspects 1 to 9 wherein the magnet includes the contact points of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal within its magnetic field range and is installed so that the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic flux at the contact point are not parallel. The protection element according to claim 1.
10. A pair of fixed terminals,
A connecting member,
A bonding material that melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher,
A heating element that generates heat when energized,
A protective element comprising:
The pair of fixed terminals are spaced apart,
The angle formed by the vectors of the currents flowing through the terminals of the pair of fixed terminals is 0° or more and 150° or less,
The connecting member is arranged to connect the pair of fixed terminals,
The connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are electrically connected by the bonding material in a state in which the connecting member is loaded with a force in a direction of separating from the pair of fixed terminals to form a main line,
The heating element is connected to a sub-line different from the main line, and the contacts of the connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are arranged so as to be under the thermal influence of the heating element.
When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat, the bonding material is melted or softened, the connection between the connecting member and the fixed terminal is released, and the connecting member is electrically separated from the fixed terminal. , The main line opens, a protective element.
11. It also has a third terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal, and further electrically connected to at least one of the fixed terminals or the connecting member.
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fixed terminal, or the third terminal, the heating element, the connecting member, and the fixed terminal form a sub line.
The protection element according to aspect 10.
12. Aspect 11 wherein the heating element is electrically connected to the connecting member to form a sub line, and the connecting member is separated from the pair of fixed terminals to open the sub line at the same time as the main line. The protective element described.
13. Furthermore, it has a third terminal and a fourth terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal and the fourth terminal,
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fourth terminal form a sub line.
The protection element according to aspect 10.
14. Furthermore, it has one or more springs selected from compression springs, tension springs, leaf springs and torsion springs,
The protection element according to any one of aspects 10 to 13, wherein a force in a direction in which the connecting member is separated from the pair of fixed terminals is applied by the spring.
15. 15. The protection element according to aspect 14, wherein the spring is a compression spring.
16. Furthermore, it has an insulating slider,
16. The protective element according to any one of aspects 10 to 15, wherein the slider slides when the connecting member is separated from the pair of fixed terminals to physically and electrically separate the connecting member and the fixed terminal. ..
17. Aspect 16, The sliders are a pair of sliders, and are installed to face each other with the connecting member interposed therebetween, and when the connecting members are separated from the pair of fixed terminals, the sliders slide toward the other slider. Protection element.
18. The protection element according to aspect 16 or 17, wherein the thrust of the slider is obtained by a spring.
19. 19. The protective element according to any one of aspects 10 to 18, wherein at least the contact portions of the pair of fixed terminals have a planar shape.
20. 20. The protection element according to any one of aspects 10 to 19, wherein the heating element is arranged below a contact portion of the pair of fixed terminals and a connecting member.
21. In addition, it has a magnet,
Any of Aspects 1 to 20, wherein the magnet includes a contact between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal within a magnetic field range thereof, and is installed such that a current direction and a magnetic flux direction at the contact are not parallel. The protection element according to claim 1.
22. 22. The protection element according to aspect 21, wherein the magnet is a pair of magnets, and the pair of magnets are arranged such that a contact point between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal is located between the pair of magnets.
23. An electric device comprising the protective element according to any one of aspects 1 to 22.

The protective element of the present invention can be suitably used as a protective device for various electronic devices and electric devices.

1... Protective element, 2... Fixed terminal, 3... Movable terminal, 4... Bonding material,
5... Heating element, 6... Spring, 8... Contact part, 9... Groove, 10... Movable part, 11... Fixed part,
12... Screw, 13... Arm, 14... Housing, 15... Housing base, 16... Housing cover,
17...Terminal 3, 18...Terminal 4,
21... Protective element, 22... Wiring,
31... Protective element, 32... Magnet, 33... Magnet,
51... Protective element, 52... First fixed terminal, 53... Second fixed terminal,
54... Coupling member, 55... Third terminal, 56... Bonding material, 57... Heating element,
58... slider, 59... compression spring, 60... torsion spring, 61... guide shaft,
62... Wiring, 63... Contact part, 64... Magnet, 15... Housing,
66... Housing base, 67... Housing cover, 68... Insulator, 69... Wiring,
71... Convex part, 72... Connection part, 73... Wing part, 74... Through hole, 75... Slope,
81... Protective element, 82... Holding member, 83... Shaft, 84... Connecting member,
88... slider

Claims (22)

Fixed terminal,
Movable terminal,
A bonding material that melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher,
A heating element that generates heat when energized,
A protective element comprising:
The fixed terminal and the movable terminal are electrically connected by the joining material to form a main line in a state where a force in a direction in which the movable terminal is separated from the fixed terminal is applied,
The heating element is connected to a sub-line different from the main line, and the contact portions of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are arranged so as to be under the heat influence of the heating element,
When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat, and the heat melts or softens the bonding material to release the connection between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, and the movable terminal is electrically connected to the fixed terminal. are spaced, main-out line is open,
It also has a third terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal and further electrically connected to the fixed terminal or the movable terminal,
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fixed terminal and/or the movable terminal form a sub-line,
The sub-line includes a contact portion between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, and when the movable terminal operates, the sub-line opens simultaneously with the main line . Fixed terminal,
Movable terminal,
A bonding material that melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher,
A heating element that generates heat when energized,
A protective element comprising:
The fixed terminal and the movable terminal are electrically connected by the joining material to form a main line in a state where a force in a direction in which the movable terminal is separated from the fixed terminal is applied,
The heating element is connected to a sub-line different from the main line, and the contact portions of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are arranged so as to be under the heat influence of the heating element,
When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat, and the heat melts or softens the bonding material to release the connection between the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, and the movable terminal is electrically connected to the fixed terminal. The main line opens,
Furthermore, it has a third terminal and a fourth terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal and the fourth terminal,
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fourth terminal form a sub line,
A protection element in which the movable terminal has a groove and is movable by bending along the groove . Furthermore, it has one or more springs selected from compression springs, tension springs, leaf springs and torsion springs,
The protection element according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a force in a direction in which the movable terminal is separated from a fixed terminal is applied by the spring. The protection element according to claim 3 , wherein the spring is a torsion spring. Wherein the fixed terminal and the movable terminal, at least the contact portion is a plate-like protective element according to any one of claims 1-4. The movable terminal has a groove, movable by bent along the groove, the protection element according to any one of claims 1, and 3-5. The heating element, wherein arranged below the fixed terminals, above the heating element, wherein the fixed terminal and the movable terminal are connected by the bonding material, the protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 6 .. A pair of fixed terminals,
A connecting member,
A bonding material that melts or softens at a predetermined temperature or higher,
A heating element that generates heat when energized,
A protective element comprising:
The pair of fixed terminals are spaced apart,
The angle formed by the vectors of the currents flowing through the terminals of the pair of fixed terminals is 0° or more and 150° or less,
The connecting member is arranged to connect the pair of fixed terminals,
The connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are electrically connected by the joining material in a state in which the connecting member is loaded with a force in a direction of separating from the pair of fixed terminals to form a main line,
The heating element is connected to a sub-line different from the main line, and the contact portions of the connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are arranged so as to be under the thermal influence of the heating element.
When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat, the bonding material is melted or softened, the connection between the connecting member and the fixed terminal is released, and the connecting member is electrically separated from the fixed terminal. , main-out line is open,
Furthermore, it has an insulating slider,
The slider is a protection device that slides when the connecting member is separated from the pair of fixed terminals to physically and electrically separate the connecting member and the fixed terminal . It also has a third terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal, and further electrically connected to at least one of the fixed terminals or the connecting member.
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fixed terminal, or the third terminal, the heating element, the connecting member, and the fixed terminal form a sub line.
The protection element according to claim 8 . The heating element, the connecting member constitutes electrically connected to by-line, by which the connecting member is disengaged from the pair of fixed terminals, also open the main line at the same time by-line, according to claim 9 The protection element according to 1. Furthermore, it has a third terminal and a fourth terminal,
The heating element is electrically connected to the third terminal and the fourth terminal,
The third terminal, the heating element, and the fourth terminal form a sub line.
The protection element according to claim 8 . Furthermore, it has one or more springs selected from compression springs, tension springs, leaf springs and torsion springs,
The direction of the force coupling member is disengaged from the pair of fixed terminals, said being applied by the spring, the protection device according to any one of claims 8-11. The protection element according to claim 12 , wherein the spring is a compression spring. The slider is a pair of sliders, the disposed on opposite sides of the connecting member, when the coupling member is spaced apart from the pair of fixed terminals, slide toward the other slider to each other, according to claim 8 to 13 The protective element according to any one of 1. The protection element according to claim 8 , wherein the thrust of the slider is obtained by a spring. The pair of fixed terminal, at least the contact portion planar shape, the protection device according to any one of claims 8-15. The protection element according to any one of claims 8 to 17 , wherein the heating element is arranged below a contact portion of the pair of fixed terminals and a connecting member. In addition, it has a magnet,
The magnet, the said contact portion of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal in the magnetic field range is contained, and the orientation and the orientation of the magnetic flux current at said contact portion is disposed so as not parallel, claim 1 7. The protective element according to any one of 7 . In addition, it has a magnet,
The magnet includes the contact portions of the pair of fixed terminals and the connecting member within a magnetic field range thereof, and is installed such that the direction of current and the direction of magnetic flux at the contact portions are not parallel. The protection element according to any one of 8 to 17. The protection element according to claim 18 , wherein the magnets are a pair of magnets, and the pair of magnets are arranged such that a contact portion of the fixed terminal and the movable terminal is located between the pair of magnets. .. The magnet is a pair of magnets, the pair of magnets, the contact portion of the connecting member and the pair of fixed terminals are arranged so as to be positioned between the pair of magnets, according to claim 19 Protection element. Electrical device having a protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

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