JP6710519B2 - Reinforcement exterior materials and protective structure for evacuation buildings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a reinforcing technique applicable to roofs, walls, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “exterior material”) of evacuation buildings such as mountain huts, and particularly to a reinforced exterior material that reduces collision damage of flying objects and a protective structure for evacuation buildings.

It is known to use a box culvert made of concrete as a refuge in a mountainous area (Patent Document 1).
Most of the existing huts are wooden buildings. A typical wooden mountain hut whose roofing material is a metal plate or slate material and whose wall surface is also wooden has only enough strength to withstand wind and rain, and has enough strength to withstand volcanic blocks. Absent.

JP-A-2007-277962

The conventional disaster mitigation technology at the time of volcanic eruption has the following problems.
<1> In mountainous areas, it is often difficult to introduce heavy equipment.
The transportation cost is very high in order to transport and install a large heavy shelter in such a mountainous area.
<2> Most of the existing evacuation shelters were installed after the eruption several decades ago, and their deterioration over time has progressed. Although the rebuilding is planned, the realization speed is slow because it takes a lot of time and cost to rebuild a large number of shelters.
<3> It has been attempted to reinforce the existing mountain huts to enhance the protection function during eruptions.
For example, when covering a roof with a high-strength reinforcing plate such as a concrete plate or a steel plate, it takes much time and cost to carry these reinforcing plates into a mountain hut and install them, or to cut them according to the shape of the site. In addition to this, the mountain hut cannot be used during the construction period.
<4> In particular, since mountain huts have low building strength, there are restrictions on the weight of the reinforcing plate that can be mounted on the roof, and it is difficult to apply a heavy reinforcing plate.
<5> Since the building itself needs to be reinforced in order to mount a heavy reinforcing plate on the roof, the reinforcing cost is further increased.
<6> When the reinforcing plate is a thin metal plate, the problem of corrosion due to volcanic gas remains.
<7> As a means of enhancing the protective function of the mountain hut, it is conceivable to protect the entire roof by covering it with a high strength lightweight sheet.
Although this protection method makes it easy to carry the materials to the site, the strength of the roofing material itself is low, so the roofing material will be damaged if a volcanic stone collides, and the strength of the lightweight sheet can be fully exerted. Can not.
<8> If the lightweight sheet is fixed to the roofing material with a fixture such as a nail or a screw, stress concentrates on the fixing portion and the lightweight sheet easily breaks. It is technically difficult to attach a lightweight sheet to the surface of many roofing materials.
<9> As a means for enhancing the protective function of the mountain hut, it is conceivable to interpose a very thick (1 m or more) styrofoam cushioning material on the base of the existing roofing material to reduce the impact.
Since the volcanic blocks are hot, the cushioning material will melt and the roof will be very thick, so new measures must be taken against wind loads.
<10> In the case of mountain huts built in national parks or national parks, there are restrictions on the materials that can be brought into the park from the viewpoint of preserving the landscape and the habitat of animals and plants. In particular, it is prohibited to bring in fine aggregate or coarse aggregate that may contain microorganisms or seeds, and the scope of procurement of materials for reinforcing mountain huts is narrow.
<11> The Mt. Ontake eruption in 2014 suffered enormous damage. Since eruptions of volcanoes have continued one after another in the Japanese archipelago, prompt expansion of evacuation facilities has become an urgent issue.
On the other hand, rebuilding to a safer evacuation facility requires enormous cost and a long period of time, and economical and feasible protection technology to further improve the safety of the existing mountain hut is required. It has not been proposed yet.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and an object thereof is to provide a reinforced exterior material having a significantly high impact resistance against flying objects such as volcanic blocks and a protective structure for an evacuation building. ..
A further object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced exterior material and a protective structure for an evacuation building that can protect the evacuation building at low cost without imposing a load on the structure of the evacuation building.

The present invention relates to a reinforcing sheathing material attached to cover the outer surface of the evacuation the building you protected from cinder, and protective composite sheet used toward the outer surface of the evacuation the building, is used toward the flying side of cinder A high-strength board that is adhered and integrated on the entire surface of one side of the protective composite sheet, the protective composite sheet being a high-strength sheet, and an adhesive formed in a sheet shape over the entire side surface of the high-strength sheet. A protective layer is provided, and the protective composite sheet and the high-strength board are integrated through the adhesive protective layer to form a composite body.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength sheet comprises a plurality of laminated high-strength sheets and a plurality of adhesion protective layers, and a plurality of high-strength sheets laminated via the adhesion protective layers are interposed between the high-strength sheets. Unify.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the adhesion protection layer is made of an impregnating resin adhesive.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength sheet is a bidirectional reinforcing fiber sheet.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a protective layer may be further included, and the protective layer may cover the exposed surface of the high-strength sheet.
The present invention is a protective structure for an evacuation building in which a reinforced exterior material is coated and attached to the outer surface of the evacuation building to protect from eruption stones. It is characterized in that the reinforced exterior material is attached to the outer surface of the evacuation building with the protective composite sheet facing toward the outer surface of the evacuation building.
The reinforced exterior material will be attached to the roof of the evacuation building or the outer wall.
If the outer surface of the evacuation building has irregularities, it is advisable to dispose a heat-resistant padding material in the recesses and attach the exterior reinforcement material.

The present invention has at least one of the following effects.
<1> By using a reinforced exterior material that is lightweight, low cost, and has significantly high impact resistance against flying objects such as volcanic blocks, it is possible to realize volcanic eruption countermeasures at an evacuation facility early.
<2> Since the reinforced exterior material is lightweight, it can be easily carried into the site, and the reinforced exterior material can be easily handled and cut at the site.
Therefore, it is possible to strengthen the evacuation facility at low cost within a short period of time without reinforcing the framework of the evacuation building.
<3> Since the reinforced exterior material has an integral structure in which the protective composite sheet and the high-toughness board are adhered to each other so as to be inseparable, the reinforced exterior material can exhibit a penetration resistance higher than the performance of the protective composite sheet and the high-toughness board.
In particular, since the protective composite sheet has a sandwich structure, and a part of the adhesive protective layer is impregnated into the structure of the high-strength sheet to reinforce the high-strength sheet, it is not necessary to simply bond multiple high-strength sheets. Penetration resistance against flying objects is remarkably greater than that of the structure superposed on.
Therefore, the roof and the outer wall are less likely to be damaged only by the work of attaching the reinforced exterior material, and the safety of the evacuation building can be remarkably enhanced.

Enlarged view of the reinforced exterior material with a part broken Cross section of reinforced exterior material Model diagram with reinforced exterior material installed on the roof of the evacuation building Sectional view of the roof to explain the function of the reinforced exterior material

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<1> Preliminary Evacuation Building The premise of the present invention is an existing evacuation building, but it also includes a new evacuation building.
Furthermore, the evacuation buildings on which the present invention is based are not limited to mountain huts, but include shrines and temples that are expected to suffer damage from volcanic blocks, ordinary houses, and all non-concrete buildings with roofs and walls. Including.

<2> Reinforced Exterior Material The reinforced exterior material 10 according to the present invention includes a protective composite sheet 20, a board-shaped high-strength board 30 that is adhered to and integrated with one surface of the protective composite sheet 20, and the protective composite sheet 20. And a protective layer 40 coated on the other surface of the.
The protective layer 40 is not an essential member and may be omitted.
The plane size of the reinforced exterior material 10 is not particularly limited, but is a size that can be manually handled by an operator, and is manufactured with high quality in a factory with a well-prepared manufacturing environment.

<3> Protective composite sheet The protective composite sheet 20 that functions as a penetration resistance member for flying objects comprises a plurality of high-strength sheets 21, and an adhesive protective layer formed by applying a predetermined layer thickness on the entire side surface of the high-strength sheet 21. 22 and 22.
In this example, two high-strength sheets 21 and 21 are stuck together with an adhesive protection layer 22 interposed therebetween, but three or more high-strength sheets 21 are stuck together to form a protective composite sheet 20. Good. Alternatively, the single high-strength sheet 21 may be configured.

<3.1> High-strength sheet The high-strength sheet 21 is a unidirectional or bidirectional sheet-like or net-like reinforcing fiber sheet that is lightweight and has excellent impact resistance.
As the material of the high-strength sheet 21, any material that is lightweight and has excellent impact resistance (high penetration resistance of flying objects) can be used. For example, aramid fiber, Spectra fiber, Zylon used as materials for bulletproof vests and the like. (Registered trademark) can be used.
By using a bidirectional fiber sheet for the high-strength sheet 21, the penetration resistance against flying objects is increased.
When using a unidirectional fiber sheet, two fiber sheets may be crossed and laminated.

<3.2> Adhesion Protective Layer The plurality of adhesion protective layers 22 interposed between the laminated high-strength sheets 21 and 21 and between the high-strength sheet 21 and the high-toughness board 30 are sheet-like layers, Not only between the high-strength sheets 21, but also the high-toughness board 30 is integrated.
An impregnating resin adhesive is applied over the entire surface of the high-strength sheet 21 in a substantially uniform thickness to form an adhesion protective layer 22.
The adhesive protective layer 22 has not only an adhesive function, but also a function as a protective layer for protecting the high-strength sheet 21 against ultraviolet rays, high heat, etc. and also protecting the high-strength sheet 21 against flying objects. It has a function of impregnating the inside of the tissue of the sheet 21 and binding between the fibers to reinforce.

<3.2.1> Adhesive Protective Layer Sandwich Structure The adhesive protective layer 22 is sandwiched between the laminated high-strength sheets 21 and 21 and between the high-strength sheet 21 and the high-toughness board 30, respectively. Presents (restraint structure).
The adhesive protective layer 22 has a sandwich structure in order to enhance the restraining effect of the adhesive protective layer 22 by sandwiching the adhesive protective layer 22 from both sides and to enhance the penetration resistance of the adhesive protective layer 22 itself against flying objects and the like. is there. That is, it is for finally enhancing the impact resistance performance of the reinforced exterior material 10.

<3.2.2> Material of Adhesion Protective Layer As the adhesion protection layer 22, a known resin-based impregnating adhesive can be used, and is appropriately selected according to the material of the high-strength sheet 21.
When the high-strength sheet 21 is an aramid fiber, an epoxy impregnated resin having flexibility after curing can be applied.

<3.2.3> Layer Thickness of Adhesion Protective Layer The layer thickness of the adhesion protective layer 22 is important for the adhesion protective layer 22 to exhibit the above-described plurality of functions.
If the layer thickness of the adhesion protection layer 22 is too thin, the above-mentioned protection function cannot be sufficiently exhibited, and if the layer thickness is too thick, it is uneconomical. Therefore, the layer thickness of the adhesion protection layer 22 is the sheet of the high-strength sheet 21. It is desirable that the thickness be approximately the same as the thickness.
The layer thickness of the adhesion protection layer 22 in the present invention does not include the amount impregnated in the high-strength sheet 21, but refers to the thickness (application thickness) from the surface of the high-strength sheet 21 as a starting point.

<4> High-toughness board The high-toughness board 30 is a protective material (protective layer) that protects the high-strength sheet 21 from ultraviolet rays, high heat, flying objects, and the like, and has high toughness that functions as a penetration resistance member against flying objects such as volcanic stones. It is a board of.
As the high-toughness board 30, a cement mortar having thinness, lightness, and high toughness, or a rectangular mortar board mainly made of concrete, or a cement board can be applied, and high strength is applied to the inside of the board as necessary. Use a high-strength board with mixed vinylon fibers or embedded mesh-like iron or fiber reinforcing nets.
The high-toughness board 30 has a weight of about 12 kg/m ² when it is a cement board having a thickness of 8 to 12 mm, and is lighter by about 1/2 to 1/3 than a steel plate having a thickness of 6 mm.
The plane size of the high-toughness board 30 is the same as the plane size of the high-strength sheet 21.

<5> Protective Layer The protective layer 40 protects the exposed high-strength sheet 21. For example, polymer cement mortar or special paint can be used.

[How to use the reinforced exterior material 10]
A case in which the reinforced exterior material 10 is exteriorly mounted on the roof 50 of the evacuation building to protect it will be described with reference to FIGS.

<1> Roof Covering with Reinforced Exterior Material FIG. 3 shows that the roof material 51 such as a slate is removed, and a plurality of reinforced exterior materials 10 are laid side by side on the exposed upper surface of the base material 52 to cover the upper surface of the reinforced exterior material 10. The roof material 51 is returned and covered.
In this example, the protective composite sheet 20 side of the reinforced exterior material 10 is arranged facing the base material 52, and the high toughness board 30 side is arranged facing the roof material 51.
As a fixing means of the reinforced exterior material 10, nails, screws or the like may be directly driven into the reinforced exterior material 10 to be fixed, but via a fixture 53 having a T-shaped cross section or an L-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. The peripheral portion of the reinforced exterior material 10 may be fixed by the above.
Since the weight of the reinforced exterior material 10 per unit area is light, it is not necessary to reinforce the skeletal structural elements (pillars, beams, etc.) of the evacuation building even if it is attached to the entire surface of the roof 10.
The installation work of the reinforced exterior material 10 can be performed while using the evacuation building.
Furthermore, since the reinforced exterior material 10 is lightweight, it is not only easy to carry into the site, but also the reinforced exterior material 10 can be easily cut according to the shape of the site.

<2> UV Protective Action Referring to FIG. 4, the reinforced exterior material 10 installed on the roof 50 has the adhesive protective layer 22 and the high-toughness board 30 on the upper surface of the high-strength sheet 21 constituting the protective composite sheet 20. It has a covered laminated structure.
Therefore, the high-toughness board 30 and the adhesion protection layer 22 serve as a shielding member, and can protect the high-strength sheet 21 from ultraviolet rays for a long period of time.

<3> Impact Diffusion Action When a flying object such as a volcanic stone flies onto the roof 50 and the impact F acts on a part of the high toughness and hard reinforced exterior material 10, the impact F passes through the high toughness board 30 and the protective composite sheet 20. Are dispersed in the entire area of the base material and transmitted to the base material 52.
Compared with the case where the impact F acts on the roof 50 where the high-toughness board 30 does not exist, the range of dispersion and transmission of the impact F to the base material 52 becomes wider, and the base material 52 is less likely to be damaged.

<4> Bending Deformation Suppression Effect When the impact F acts on the reinforced exterior material 10, the reinforced exterior material 10 is deformed downward.
The high-toughness board 30 that constitutes the reinforced exterior material 10 is hard to be broken by bending due to its high toughness, and further, is integrally attached to the bottom surface corresponding to the pulling side of the high-toughness board 30 as shown by the left and right arrows in FIG. The composite sheet 20 functions as a tensile resistance member.
Therefore, as compared with a structure in which the protective composite sheet 20 and the high-toughness board 30 are simply laminated without adhering, downward bending deformation due to the reinforced exterior material 10 is effectively suppressed.
If the flying object is a volcanic block and has a high temperature, the high-toughness board 30 blocks the high heat and protects the protective composite sheet 20 from the high temperature.

<5> Penetration Suppression Action The reinforced exterior material 10 is composed of a composite body in which the protective composite sheet 20 and the tough board 30 are integrated.
Therefore, the flying object receives the penetration resistance of the integrated high-toughness board 30 and the penetration resistance of the protective composite sheet 20 to attenuate the shock F acting on the base material 21.

In particular, when the protective composite sheet 20 and the high-toughness board 30 are simply laminated without adhering, the penetration resistance of flying objects is the sum of the penetration resistances of the protective composite sheet 20 and the high-toughness board 30 respectively. Never exceeds.
By adhering the protective composite sheet 20 and the high-toughness board 30 to each other so as to form an inseparable integral structure as in the present invention, the protective composite sheet 20 and the high-toughness board 30 reinforce each other.
Therefore, the reinforced exterior material 10 generates a penetration resistance force equal to or more than the sum of penetration resistances of the protective composite sheet 20 and the high-toughness board 30 individually.

In particular, the protective composite sheet 20 has a sandwich structure in which a high-strength sheet 21 and a sheet-shaped adhesive protective layer 22 are laminated, and a part of the adhesive protective layer 22 is impregnated into the structure of the high-strength sheet 21. The high-strength sheet 21 is reinforced.
Therefore, the high-strength sheet 21 exhibits a larger penetration resistance than the sheet not impregnated with the adhesion protection layer 22, and the plurality of adhesion protection layers 22 constrained by the high-strength sheet 21 also exhibit penetration resistance. The high-strength sheet 21 and the adhesion protection layer 22 are not only structurally integrated, but also synergistically exerting effects on penetration resistance of flying objects.
Therefore, the penetration resistance of flying objects by the protective composite sheet 20 is remarkably larger than that obtained by simply stacking a plurality of high-strength sheets without adhering.
Although flying objects may bite into the high-toughness board 30, they do not easily penetrate the protective composite sheet 20.
In this way, with the simple protection structure in which the roof 50 is simply covered with the reinforced exterior material 10, it becomes possible to remarkably improve the protection performance of the roof 50 of the evacuation building against flying objects.

[Other Embodiments]
The reinforcing exterior material 10 may be installed on the outer wall surface of the evacuation building or the top surface of the floor of the evacuation building where penetration of flying objects such as volcanic blocks is expected in addition to the roof 50 of the evacuation building.
Further, as the installation form of the reinforced exterior material 10, it is possible to directly attach the reinforced exterior material 10 to the surface of the roof material 51 or the outer wall material for protection.
If the outer surface of the evacuation building has irregularities, it is advisable to install a heat-resistant filling material having the same shape as that of the concave portion inside the concave portion to make the surface flat and then to attach the reinforced exterior material 10.
The reinforced exterior material 10 may be used with its front and back faces reversed.

10... Reinforced exterior material 20... Protective composite sheet 21... High-strength sheet 22... Adhesive protective layer 30... High-strength board 40... Protective layer

Claims (8)

A strengthening exterior material you protection from the cinder is installed with the coating on the outer surface of the evacuation building,
A protective composite sheet used towards the exterior of the evacuation building ,
Used toward the flying side of the volcanic block, including a high-toughness board integrally bonded to the entire one surface of the protective composite sheet,
The protective composite sheet is a high strength sheet,
An adhesive protection layer formed in a sheet shape over the entire side surface of the high-strength sheet,
Characterized in that it is configured as a composite body in which a protective composite sheet and a high-toughness board are integrated via the adhesive protective layer.
Reinforced exterior material. The high-strength sheet comprises a plurality of laminated high-strength sheets, and a plurality of adhesion protective layers, characterized in that the plurality of high-strength sheets laminated via the adhesion protective layer are integrated. The reinforced exterior material according to claim 1. The reinforced exterior material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesion protection layer is an impregnating resin adhesive. The reinforced exterior material according to claim 1, wherein the high-strength sheet is a bidirectional reinforcing fiber sheet. The reinforced exterior material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a protective layer, the protective layer covering the exposed surface of the high-strength sheet. A protective structure for an evacuation building, in which a reinforced exterior material is covered and attached to the outer surface of the evacuation building to protect it from volcanic blocks .
Use the reinforced exterior material according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A high- strength board is directed to the incoming side of the volcanic rock, and the protective composite sheet is attached to the outer surface of the evacuation building with the protective composite sheet facing the outer surface of the evacuation building.
Protective structure for evacuation buildings. The protective structure for an evacuation building according to claim 6, wherein a reinforced exterior material is attached to a roof or an outer wall of the evacuation building. 8. The protective structure for an evacuation building according to claim 7, wherein a refractory roof is provided on the outer surface of the evacuation building, or a heat-resistant padding material is arranged in a concave portion of the outer wall to attach a reinforced exterior material.

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