JP6696798B2 - Method of manufacturing functionally graded material - Google Patents
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 148
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- REBKUVYQFXSVNO-NSCUHMNNSA-N (3E)-1,1-dichloropenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C(Cl)Cl REBKUVYQFXSVNO-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
本発明は、誘電率を傾斜させた傾斜機能材料の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a functionally graded material having a graded dielectric constant.
電気エネルギー機器をはじめとする機器内部の電界集中を抑制するには、誘電率を空間的に傾斜させた傾斜機能材料（Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ Ｇｒａｄｅｄ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ：ＦＧＭ）を用いるのが有効である。
傾斜機能材料の作製方法は、誘電率の異なる複数の組成を積層する段階的方法と、一つの組成中で誘電率に差を設ける連続的方法に大別される。
段階的方法は、複数の組成を積層する工程を要することから、手間がかかるという欠点がある。これに対し、連続的方法は、積層の必要がないため、この点において有効であり、連続的方法の具体例が、非特許文献１に記載されている。非特許文献１に記載の方法は、遠心力によって、フィラーの分布を調整する。
In order to suppress electric field concentration inside equipment such as electric energy equipment, it is effective to use functionally graded materials (FGM) having a spatially inclined dielectric constant.
The method of manufacturing the functionally gradient material is roughly classified into a stepwise method of laminating a plurality of compositions having different dielectric constants and a continuous method of providing a difference in dielectric constant in one composition.
The stepwise method has a drawback that it takes time because it requires a step of laminating a plurality of compositions. On the other hand, the continuous method is effective in this respect because there is no need for lamination, and a specific example of the continuous method is described in Non-Patent Document 1. The method described in Non-Patent Document 1 adjusts the filler distribution by centrifugal force.
しかしながら、連続的方法で、遠心力を利用してフィラーの分布を調整する方法は、複雑な形状の傾斜機能材料への適応性が低く、更に、フィラーを自在に分布させる自由度も低いという問題があった。
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑みてなされるもので、遠心力を利用することなくフィラーの分布を調整する傾斜機能材料の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
However, the method of adjusting the distribution of the filler by utilizing the centrifugal force in a continuous method has a low adaptability to the functionally gradient material having a complicated shape, and further has a low degree of freedom in freely distributing the filler. was there.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a functionally gradient material in which the distribution of filler is adjusted without utilizing centrifugal force.
前記目的に沿う本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法は、主剤である硬化性樹脂にフィラーが分布した傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、帯電した前記フィラーを前記硬化性樹脂に含有させた複合材を得る工程Ａと、前記複合材に電圧を印加して、前記複合材中で前記フィラーを移動させる工程Ｂと、前記複合材を固化する工程Ｃとを有し、前記工程Ａでの前記フィラーの帯電状態は、該フィラーの表面帯電処理の有無、及び、前記複合材への添加剤の投入の有無によって、調整され、前記フィラーは、誘電率の異なる少なくとも２種類のフィラーＰ、Ｑからなる。
よって、本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法は、遠心力を用いることなく電気泳動によって、フィラーの分布を調整する。
The method for producing a functionally graded material according to the present invention in accordance with the above object is a method for producing a functionally graded material in which a filler is distributed in a curable resin as a main component, in which the charged filler is contained in the curable resin. And a step B of applying a voltage to the composite material to move the filler in the composite material, and a step C of solidifying the composite material. Is adjusted by the presence or absence of surface charging treatment of the filler and the presence or absence of addition of an additive to the composite material, and the filler is composed of at least two types of fillers P and Q having different dielectric constants. It
Therefore, in the method for producing a functionally gradient material according to the present invention, the distribution of the filler is adjusted by electrophoresis without using centrifugal force.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、前記添加剤は、前記硬化性樹脂の硬化を促す硬化剤であるのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a functionally graded material according to the present invention, it is preferable that the additive is a curing agent that promotes curing of the curable resin.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、前記フィラーの表面帯電処理は、シランカップリング処理、放電処理、高分子電解質吸着処理、紫外線の照射処理、及び、Ｘ線の照射処理のいずれか一であるのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a functionally graded material according to the present invention, the surface charging treatment of the filler is any one of silane coupling treatment, discharge treatment, polymer electrolyte adsorption treatment, ultraviolet ray irradiation treatment, and X-ray irradiation treatment. Is preferred.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、前記工程Ｂで、前記複合材に印加する電圧の大きさを調節して、前記複合材中での前記フィラーの移動速度を調整するのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a functionally graded material according to the present invention, it is preferable that in the step B, the magnitude of the voltage applied to the composite material is adjusted to adjust the moving speed of the filler in the composite material.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、前記工程Ｂでの前記フィラーの移動速度を、該各フィラーの大きさによって調整するのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a functionally gradient material according to the present invention, it is preferable that the moving speed of the filler in the step B is adjusted by the size of each filler.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、前記複合材での前記フィラーＰ、Ｑの帯電極性は、一方が無極で他方が正極又は負極か、両方が正極か、両方が負極であるのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a functionally gradient material according to the present invention, one of the charging polarities of the fillers P and Q in the composite material is nonpolar and the other is positive or negative, both are positive, or both are negative. preferable.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、前記フィラーの平均粒子径は、３０μｍ以下であるのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a functionally gradient material according to the present invention, the average particle diameter of the filler is preferably 30 μm or less.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法において、前記工程Ｂで、前記フィラーに、超音波振動を与えるのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a functionally graded material according to the present invention, it is preferable that the filler is subjected to ultrasonic vibration in the step B.
本発明に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法によれば、複合材に電圧を印加して複合材中を移動させるフィラーの帯電状態が、フィラーの表面帯電処理の有無、及び、複合材への添加剤の投入の有無によって、調整されるため、電気泳動によるフィラーの分布状態を制御する自由度が高く、傾斜機能材料中でのフィラーの分布状態を、安定的に、所定の状態にすることが可能である。 According to the method for producing a functionally gradient material according to the present invention, the charge state of the filler that moves in the composite material by applying a voltage to the composite material is the presence or absence of surface charging treatment of the filler, and the additive to the composite material. Since it is adjusted depending on the presence or absence of the filler, the degree of freedom in controlling the distribution state of the filler by electrophoresis is high, and the distribution state of the filler in the functionally gradient material can be stably brought to a predetermined state. Is.
続いて、添付した図面を参照しつつ、本発明を具体化した実施の形態につき説明し、本発明の理解に供する。
図１（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）に示すように、本発明の一実施の形態に係る傾斜機能材料の製造方法は、主剤である硬化性樹脂１０にフィラー１１が分布した傾斜機能材料１２の製造方法であって、フィラー１１を硬化性樹脂１０に含有させた複合材１３を得る工程Ａと、複合材１３に電圧を印加する工程Ｂと、複合材１３を固化する工程Ｃとを有する。
以下、詳細に説明する。
Subsequently, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1 (A) to 1 (D), a method of manufacturing a functionally graded material according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a functionally graded material 12 in which a filler 11 is distributed in a curable resin 10 which is a main component. The method includes a step A for obtaining a composite material 13 in which a curable resin 10 contains a filler 11, a step B for applying a voltage to the composite material 13, and a step C for solidifying the composite material 13.
The details will be described below.
傾斜機能材料１２の製造に用いられる主剤である硬化性樹脂１０は、加熱されて硬化する熱硬化性樹脂、冷却によって硬化する熱可塑性樹脂、及び、硬化剤の投入等により常温で硬化する樹脂のいずれであってもよい。本実施の形態では、硬化性樹脂１０が熱硬化性樹脂であり、硬化性樹脂１０として、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ジクロロペンタジエン樹脂、マレイミド樹脂等を採用できる。そして、硬化性樹脂１０の代わりに熱可塑性樹脂を用いる場合、熱可塑性樹脂として、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリピレン樹脂、ＡＢＳ樹脂、ＰＰＳ樹脂、ＰＥＴ樹脂等を採用可能である。 The curable resin 10, which is the main component used in the production of the functionally gradient material 12, includes a thermosetting resin that is cured by heating, a thermoplastic resin that is cured by cooling, and a resin that is cured at room temperature by adding a curing agent. It may be either. In the present embodiment, the curable resin 10 is a thermosetting resin, and as the curable resin 10, an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, a phenol resin, a dichloropentadiene resin, a maleimide resin or the like can be adopted. When a thermoplastic resin is used instead of the curable resin 10, polyethylene resin, polystyrene resin, polypropylene resin, ABS resin, PPS resin, PET resin or the like can be adopted as the thermoplastic resin.
本実施の形態において、フィラー１１は、無機充填剤であり、傾斜機能材料１２におけるフィラー１１の分布状態に応じて、傾斜機能材料１２の誘電率の空間的な傾斜状態が変わる。例えば、傾斜機能材料１２におけるフィラー１１の分布の偏りが顕著であれば、傾斜機能材料１２は、誘電率の空間的な傾斜率が、高くなる。フィラー１１は、シリカ、アルミナ、水酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素、クレイ、タルク、及びガラスのいずれか一種類からなるものであってもよいし、これらの中の複数種類を混合したものであってもよい。 In the present embodiment, the filler 11 is an inorganic filler, and the spatial gradient state of the dielectric constant of the functionally gradient material 12 changes according to the distribution state of the filler 11 in the functionally gradient material 12. For example, if the distribution of the fillers 11 in the functionally graded material 12 is significantly biased, the functionally graded material 12 has a high spatial gradient of the dielectric constant. The filler 11 may be made of any one of silica, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, titanium oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, clay, talc, and glass. Alternatively, a mixture of a plurality of these may be used.
傾斜機能材料１２の製造は、図１（Ａ）に示すように、帯電した複数のフィラー１１を硬化性樹脂１０に含有させた硬化前（未反応）の複合材１３を得る工程Ａから始められる。
工程Ａにおいては、複数のフィラー１１それぞれに対する帯電状態が調整される。ここで、フィラー１１の帯電状態の調整とは、フィラー１１を、正、又は、負に帯電させ（帯電極性を変え）、もしくは、帯電を消失させ、あるいは、その帯電レベル（帯電の強さ）を変えることを含む概念である。
As shown in FIG. 1 (A), the production of the functionally graded material 12 begins with step A of obtaining a composite material 13 before curing (unreacted) in which a plurality of charged fillers 11 are contained in a curable resin 10. ..
In step A, the charged state of each of the plurality of fillers 11 is adjusted. Here, the adjustment of the charged state of the filler 11 means that the filler 11 is positively or negatively charged (changing the charging polarity), or the charge is eliminated, or its charge level (charge strength). Is a concept that includes changing.
本実施の形態では、フィラー１１の帯電状態の調整が、フィラー１１に対し、表面を帯電させる表面帯電処理の有無、及び、複合材１３への図１（Ｂ）に示す添加剤１４の投入の有無によって行われる。
即ち、フィラー１１の帯電状態の調整には、以下の４つのパターンが存在する。第１のパターンは、フィラー１１への表面帯電処理と共に、複合材１３への添加剤１４の投入も行うものであり、第２のパターンは、フィラー１１への表面帯電処理を行うが、複合材１３への添加剤１４の投入は行わないものである。
そして、第３のパターンは、複合材１３への添加剤１４の投入を行い、フィラー１１への表面帯電処理は行わないものであり、第４のパターンは、フィラー１１への表面帯電処理、及び、複合材１３への添加剤１４の投入のいずれも行わないものである。
In the present embodiment, the charge state of the filler 11 is adjusted by the presence or absence of the surface charging treatment for charging the surface of the filler 11 and the addition of the additive 14 shown in FIG. It depends on the presence or absence.
That is, there are the following four patterns for adjusting the charged state of the filler 11. The first pattern is to charge the filler 11 with the surface electrification and also to add the additive 14 to the composite material 13. The second pattern is to perform the surface electrification treatment on the filler 11, Additive 14 is not added to 13.
The third pattern is one in which the additive 14 is added to the composite material 13 and the surface electrification treatment is not performed on the filler 11, and the fourth pattern is the surface electrification treatment on the filler 11. The additive 14 is not added to the composite material 13.
表面帯電処理としては、シランカップリング処理や、高分子電解質吸着処理、あるいは、紫外線の照射処理や、Ｘ線の照射処理や、放電処理が挙げられる。紫外線の照射処理は、フィラー１１に紫外線を照射する処理を意味し、Ｘ線の照射処理は、フィラー１１にＸ線を照射する処理を意味し、放電処理は、フィラー１１に対し放電を与える処理を意味する。
表面帯電処理をフィラー１１に対して行う場合、工程Ａにおいて、複数のフィラー１１それぞれに対し、表面帯電処理をなした後に、複数のフィラー１１が、硬化前の硬化性樹脂１０に投入され、複合材１３を得ることとなる。
Examples of the surface charging treatment include silane coupling treatment, polymer electrolyte adsorption treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, X-ray irradiation treatment, and discharge treatment. The ultraviolet irradiation treatment means a treatment of irradiating the filler 11 with ultraviolet rays, the X-ray irradiation treatment means a treatment of irradiating the filler 11 with X-rays, and the discharge treatment gives a discharge to the filler 11. Means
When the surface electrification treatment is performed on the filler 11, in step A, after the surface electrification treatment is performed on each of the plurality of fillers 11, the plurality of fillers 11 is put into the curable resin 10 before curing to form a composite. The material 13 is obtained.
一方、複合材１３に添加剤１４を投入して、フィラー１１の帯電状態を調整する場合は、工程Ａにおいて、複数のフィラー１１を硬化前の硬化性樹脂１０に投入した後、図１（Ｂ）に示すように。硬化性樹脂１０に添加剤１４が投入されて、帯電したフィラー１１を硬化性樹脂１０に含有させた複合材１３が得られる。
添加剤１４は、フィラー１１の帯電状態を調整するためだけに投入されるものであってもよいが、フィラー１１の帯電状態を調整し、かつ、硬化性樹脂１０の硬化を促す硬化剤であってもよい。添加剤１４が硬化剤である場合、硬化剤として、アミン系化合物、酸無水物、フェノール系化合物、イミダゾール化合物、有機ホスフィン、有機金属化合物等を採用可能である。ここで言う硬化剤とは、硬化性樹脂１０の硬化を促進する、所謂、硬化促進剤と、硬化性樹脂１０に対し、硬化を開始させるものを含んだ概念である。
On the other hand, when the additive 14 is added to the composite material 13 to adjust the charge state of the filler 11, in step A, after the plurality of fillers 11 are added to the curable resin 10 before being cured, the filler 11 shown in FIG. ). Additive 14 is added to curable resin 10 to obtain composite material 13 in which curable resin 10 contains charged filler 11.
The additive 14 may be added only to adjust the charged state of the filler 11, but is a curing agent that adjusts the charged state of the filler 11 and promotes curing of the curable resin 10. May be. When the additive 14 is a curing agent, an amine compound, an acid anhydride, a phenol compound, an imidazole compound, an organic phosphine, an organic metal compound, or the like can be used as the curing agent. The curing agent referred to here is a concept including a so-called curing accelerator that accelerates curing of the curable resin 10 and an agent that starts curing of the curable resin 10.
ところで、フィラー１１は、ｐＨ値に応じて、図２に示すように、ゼータ電位が異なることが知られている。なお、図２のグラフは、大塚電子株式会社が公開している「Ｗｅｂで学ぶ （応用）ゼータ電位の測定データいろいろ」中のグラフを基にしたものである。
図２に示す右肩下がりの曲線は、アルミナ粒子のｐＨ値とゼータ電位の関係であり、ｐＨの上昇と共に、正の電荷特性を有するアルミナ粒子は、負の電荷特性を具備するようになる。ゼータ電位の絶対値が大きいということは、粒子の帯電レベルが大きいことを意味し、ゼータ電位の極性は、粒子の帯電の極性を示す。
従って、添加剤１４の複合材１３への投入で、複合材１３のｐＨが変わり、その結果、フィラー１１の帯電状態が調整されるものと考えられる。
By the way, it is known that the filler 11 has a different zeta potential depending on the pH value as shown in FIG. The graph in FIG. 2 is based on the graph in “Learn on the Web (Application) Various data for measuring zeta potential” published by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
The downward-sloping curve shown in FIG. 2 is the relationship between the pH value of the alumina particles and the zeta potential, and as the pH rises, the alumina particles having positive charge characteristics come to have negative charge characteristics. The large absolute value of the zeta potential means that the charge level of the particles is large, and the polarity of the zeta potential shows the polarity of the charge of the particles.
Therefore, it is considered that the addition of the additive 14 to the composite material 13 changes the pH of the composite material 13, and as a result, the charged state of the filler 11 is adjusted.
工程Ａでのフィラー１１の帯電状態の調整は、次の工程Ｂにおいて、各フィラー１１が複合材１３中で移動する際に、大きな影響を及ぼすことになるため、重要である。この点、本実施の形態では、フィラー１１の帯電状態の調整を、上述した４つのパターンから１つを選択してなすことができ、調整の自由度が高く、好適である。
更に、表面帯電処理をしたフィラーと表面帯電処理をしていないフィラーを硬化性樹脂１０に投入することや、種類の異なるフィラー（工程Ｂでの移動速度に差があるフィラー）を、硬化性樹脂１０に投入することで、最終的なフィラーの分布状態を所定の状態にすることができる。
The adjustment of the charge state of the filler 11 in the step A is important because it greatly affects the movement of each filler 11 in the composite material 13 in the next step B. In this respect, in the present embodiment, the charge state of the filler 11 can be adjusted by selecting one from the above-mentioned four patterns, and the degree of freedom of adjustment is high, which is preferable.
Further, a filler having a surface charging treatment and a filler not having a surface charging treatment are added to the curable resin 10, or different kinds of fillers (fillers having different moving speeds in the step B) are used as the curable resin. The final distribution state of the filler can be set to a predetermined state by adding the amount to 10.
本実施の形態では、工程Ｂの前に、複数のフィラー１１が、自転公転ミキサーによって、硬化性樹脂１０中で一様に分散した状態にされる。
なお、図１（Ｂ）に示すように、フィラー１１を含有した硬化性樹脂１０を、負極１５及び正極１６が設けられた収容部１７に投入した後、添加剤１４を硬化性樹脂１０に投入しているが、これに限定されない（即ち、フィラー１１及び添加剤１４を投入した硬化性樹脂１０を、収容部１７に入れてもよい）。また、負極１５及び正極１６には、図１（Ｂ）、（Ｃ）に示すように、電源１８が接続され、ＯＦＦ状態であったスイッチ１９をＯＮ状態にすることで、負極１５及び正極１６への通電が開始される。負極１５及び正極１６への印加電圧は直流が必須であるが、直流に交流やパルス状などを重畳させたものでもよい。
In the present embodiment, before the step B, the plurality of fillers 11 are made to be uniformly dispersed in the curable resin 10 by the rotation and revolution mixer.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 1B, after the curable resin 10 containing the filler 11 is charged into the accommodating portion 17 in which the negative electrode 15 and the positive electrode 16 are provided, the additive 14 is charged into the curable resin 10. However, the present invention is not limited to this (that is, the curable resin 10 containing the filler 11 and the additive 14 may be contained in the housing portion 17). Further, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, a power source 18 is connected to the negative electrode 15 and the positive electrode 16, and the switch 19 that has been in the OFF state is turned to the ON state. Energization is started. The voltage applied to the negative electrode 15 and the positive electrode 16 is required to be DC, but may be DC to which AC or pulse is superimposed.
工程Ｂでは、図１（Ｃ）に示すように、負極１５及び正極１６が通電され、収容部１７内の複合材１３に、電圧（本実施の形態では直流電圧）が印加される。そして、電圧の印加によって、収容部１７に生じた電界により、複合材１３中に含まれている複数のフィラー１１は、それぞれの帯電状態に応じて、複合材１３中を移動する。
各フィラー１１は、負に帯電していた場合、正極１６に向かって移動し、正に帯電していた場合、負極１５に向かって移動する。各ファイラー１１が帯電していない場合、移動しない。
In step B, as shown in FIG. 1C, the negative electrode 15 and the positive electrode 16 are energized, and a voltage (a DC voltage in the present embodiment) is applied to the composite material 13 in the housing portion 17. Then, the plurality of fillers 11 contained in the composite material 13 move in the composite material 13 due to the electric field generated in the housing portion 17 by the application of the voltage, depending on the respective charged states.
Each filler 11 moves toward the positive electrode 16 when negatively charged, and moves toward the negative electrode 15 when positively charged. If each filer 11 is not charged, it does not move.
本実施の形態では、工程Ｂにおいて、複合材１３に印加する電圧の大きさを調節して、複合材１３中でのフィラー１１の移動速度を調整し、最終的に、フィラー１１が、所定の分布となるように制御している。
複合材に印加する電圧の大きさと、複合材中のフィラーの移動速度の関係を調べた実験結果を、図３に示す。この実験においては、硬化性樹脂に、低粘度ビスフェノールＡ型のエポキシ樹脂（具体的には、三菱化学株式会社のＥＰ−８１６Ａ）を使用し、フィラーに、平均粒子径が１０μｍでシランカップリング処理がなされていない球状のアルミナ（具体的には、株式会社アドマテックスのＡＯ−８０９）を用いた。複合材に添加剤は投入されていない。
In the present embodiment, in step B, the magnitude of the voltage applied to the composite material 13 is adjusted to adjust the moving speed of the filler 11 in the composite material 13, and finally, the filler 11 has a predetermined value. The distribution is controlled.
FIG. 3 shows the experimental result of examining the relationship between the magnitude of the voltage applied to the composite material and the moving speed of the filler in the composite material. In this experiment, a low-viscosity bisphenol A type epoxy resin (specifically, EP-816A manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a curable resin, and a filler was treated with a silane coupling agent having an average particle diameter of 10 μm. Spherical alumina (specifically, AO-809 manufactured by Admatechs Co., Ltd.) was used. No additives were added to the composite material.
図３に示す結果より、多少のバラツキはあるものの、速度の平均値と複合材に印加した電圧の関係から、フィラーの複合材中の移動速度と、複合材に印加する電圧の大きさに比例関係があることが確認された。従って、複合材１３に印加する電圧の大きさを調節することで、フィラー１１の移動速度を調整できることが分かる。
なお、実験におけるフィラーの速度のバラツキは、速度を計測したフィラーごとの大きさや形状のバラツキ等によるものと考えられる。
From the results shown in Fig. 3, although there is some variation, it is proportional to the moving speed of the filler in the composite material and the magnitude of the voltage applied to the composite material due to the relationship between the average value of the speed and the voltage applied to the composite material. It was confirmed to be related. Therefore, it is understood that the moving speed of the filler 11 can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the voltage applied to the composite material 13.
The variation in the velocity of the filler in the experiment is considered to be due to the variation in the size and shape of each filler whose velocity is measured.
更に、工程Ｂにおけるフィラー１１の複合材１３中の移動速度を、フィラー１１の大きさによっても調整することができる。複数のフィラー１１それぞれの大きさが異なることで、各フィラー１１の大きさに応じて、フィラー１１の複合材１３中の移動速度が異なり、結果として、電圧印加後の複合材１３中の各フィラー１１の最終的な位置を調整できる。 Furthermore, the moving speed of the filler 11 in the composite material 13 in the step B can be adjusted also by the size of the filler 11. Since the size of each of the plurality of fillers 11 is different, the moving speed of the filler 11 in the composite material 13 is different depending on the size of each filler 11, and as a result, each filler in the composite material 13 after the voltage application is applied. 11 final positions can be adjusted.
複合材への電圧の印加によって、複合材中で、時間の経過と共に各フィラーが移動する様子を撮像した画像（顕微鏡写真）を、図４（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）に示す。この実験においては、硬化性樹脂に、低粘度ビスフェノールＡ型のエポキシ樹脂（具体的には、三菱化学株式会社のＥＰ−８１６Ａ）を使用し、フィラーに、平均粒子径が１０μｍでシランカップリング処理がなされていない球状のアルミナ（具体的には、株式会社アドマテックスのＡＯ−８０９）と、平均粒子径が１０μｍでシランカップリング処理がなされた球状のアルミナ（具体的には、株式会社アドマテックスのＡＣ−９５００−ＢＨＥＡ２５Ｃ）の混合物を用いた。複合材に添加剤は投入されず、電圧の印加により１００Ｖ／ｍｍの電界を生じさせた。 4A to 4D are images (micrographs) obtained by imaging the movement of each filler with the passage of time in the composite material by applying a voltage to the composite material. In this experiment, a low-viscosity bisphenol A type epoxy resin (specifically, EP-816A manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a curable resin, and a filler was treated with a silane coupling agent having an average particle diameter of 10 μm. Spherical alumina (specifically, AO-809 manufactured by Admatechs Co., Ltd.) and spherical alumina having an average particle size of 10 μm and subjected to silane coupling treatment (specifically, Admatex Co., Ltd. AC-9500-BHEA25C). No additive was added to the composite material, and an electric field of 100 V / mm was generated by applying a voltage.
図４（Ａ）は、複合材に電圧を印加する前の画像であり、図４（Ｂ）〜（Ｄ）は、それぞれ、複合材に電圧の印加を開始してから、２０分後、４０分後、１時間後の画像である。図４（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）に示す画像より、時間の経過とともにフィラーがカソード（負極を意味する）に移動していること、及び、小さいフィラーは、大きいフィラーより、速く移動することが確認できる。なお、アノードは、正極を意味する。
よって、フィラーの大きさにバラツキを持たせることにより、フィラーの複合材での分布を調整可能であることが分かる。
FIG. 4 (A) is an image before applying a voltage to the composite material, and FIGS. 4 (B) to 4 (D) are 40 minutes after 20 minutes from the start of applying the voltage to the composite material. The images are after 1 minute and after 1 minute. From the images shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D, it was confirmed that the filler moved to the cathode (meaning the negative electrode) over time, and that the small filler moved faster than the large filler. it can. The anode means a positive electrode.
Therefore, it is understood that the distribution of the filler in the composite material can be adjusted by making the size of the filler vary.
ここで、フィラー１１の複合材１３中での分布状態の調整の自由度は、フィラー１１が大きくなるにつれて制限され、フィラー１１の平均粒子径が３０μｍを超えると、分布調整の安定性を保てないことが確認されている。これは、フィラー１１が大きくなるとフィラー１１にかかる重力が大きくなるのが原因の一つと考えられる。
よって、フィラー１１は、平均粒子径が３０μｍ以下であるのが好ましい。
Here, the degree of freedom of adjusting the distribution state of the filler 11 in the composite material 13 is limited as the filler 11 becomes larger, and when the average particle diameter of the filler 11 exceeds 30 μm, the stability of distribution adjustment can be maintained. It has been confirmed that it is not. It is considered that this is one of the causes that the gravity applied to the filler 11 increases as the size of the filler 11 increases.
Therefore, the filler 11 preferably has an average particle diameter of 30 μm or less.
工程Ｂにおいて、複合材１３に電圧を印加している際に、フィラー１１に超音波振動を与えて、フィラー１１が円滑に移動できるようにすることも可能である。
また、工程Ｂを終えて、フィラー１１が複合材１３内で所定の分布状態になった後、工程Ｃで、硬化性樹脂１０の種類に応じた複合材１３の硬化処理（固化処理の一例）がなされて、図１（Ｄ）に示すように、複合材１３が固化した傾斜機能材料１２が得られる。
In step B, it is possible to apply ultrasonic vibration to the filler 11 while applying a voltage to the composite material 13 so that the filler 11 can move smoothly.
In addition, after the step B is completed and the filler 11 is in a predetermined distribution state in the composite material 13, in the step C, the composite material 13 is cured according to the type of the curable resin 10 (an example of solidification treatment). Then, as shown in FIG. 1D, the functionally gradient material 12 in which the composite material 13 is solidified is obtained.
傾斜機能材料１２は、主として、フィラー１１の分布状態、及び、各フィラー１１の誘電率により、誘電率の空間的な傾斜状態（傾斜の強弱や、領域ごとの傾斜の差異等）が決定する。よって、傾斜機能材料１２中でのフィラー１１の分布状態（フィラー１１の分布の偏り度合い等）に加え、フィラー１１それぞれの誘電率を調節することも重要である。このため、フィラー１１を、誘電率の異なる少なくとも２種類のフィラーＰ、Ｑを混合したものとし、フィラーＰ、Ｑを、工程Ｂの電気泳動により、それぞれ所定の分布に移動させて、誘電率を空間的に傾斜させた状態を形成するのも好適である。 In the functionally graded material 12, the spatially gradient state of the dielectric constant (strength of the gradient, difference in gradient between regions, etc.) is determined mainly by the distribution state of the filler 11 and the dielectric constant of each filler 11. Therefore, it is important to adjust the dielectric constant of each filler 11 in addition to the distribution state of the filler 11 in the functionally graded material 12 (the degree of deviation of the distribution of the filler 11 and the like). Therefore, the filler 11 is a mixture of at least two kinds of fillers P and Q having different permittivities, and the fillers P and Q are moved to a predetermined distribution by electrophoresis in the step B to obtain the permittivity. It is also preferable to form a spatially inclined state.
ここで、複合材におけるフィラーＰ、Ｑの帯電極性が、反対（即ち、一方が正極で他方が負極）の場合、フィラーＰ、Ｑが吸着して、フィラーＰ、Ｑを所定の分布に安定的に移動させることができないことを確認している。従って、フィラーＰ、Ｑを所定の分布に安定的に移動させるという観点においては、複合材でのフィラーＰ、Ｑの帯電極性が、一方が無極で他方が正極又は負極か、両方が正極か、両方が負極であるのが好ましい。
そして、フィラーＰ、Ｑの帯電状態によって、フィラーＰ、Ｑをそれぞれ異なる分布にするためには、複合材でのフィラーＰ、Ｑの帯電状態が、一方が無極で他方が正極又は負極か、両方が正極でそれぞれ電位が異なるか、両方が負極でそれぞれ電位が異なるのが好適である。
Here, when the charging polarities of the fillers P and Q in the composite material are opposite (that is, one is a positive electrode and the other is a negative electrode), the fillers P and Q are adsorbed and the fillers P and Q are stably distributed in a predetermined distribution. I'm sure it can't be moved to. Therefore, from the viewpoint of stably moving the fillers P and Q to a predetermined distribution, the charging polarity of the fillers P and Q in the composite material is such that one is nonpolar and the other is positive or negative, or both are positive. Preferably both are negative electrodes.
Then, in order to make the fillers P and Q have different distributions depending on the charged states of the fillers P and Q, the charged state of the fillers P and Q in the composite material should be such that one is nonpolar and the other is positive or negative. It is preferable that the positive electrode has a different potential from each other, or both have a negative electrode and have different potentials.
次に、本発明の作用効果を確認するために行った実験について説明する。
本実験においては、低粘度ビスフェノールＡ型のエポキシ樹脂（具体的には、三菱化学株式会社のＥＰ−８１６Ａ）を主剤として用い、各種のフィラーが、電圧の印加によって移動する方向を調べた。実験結果を表１に示す。
Next, an experiment conducted to confirm the action and effect of the present invention will be described.
In this experiment, a low-viscosity bisphenol A type epoxy resin (specifically, EP-816A of Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a main agent, and the directions in which various fillers moved by the application of voltage were investigated. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.
表１に記されているフィラーは、「破砕アルミナ」が、太平洋ランダム株式会社のＬＡ１２００で、表面帯電処理がなされていない不定形のアルミナ粒子を示し、「球状アルミナ」が、株式会社アドマテックスのＡＯ−８０９で、シランカップリング処理がなされていない平均粒子径１０μｍの球状のアルミナを示し、「ＳＣ処理アルミナ」が、株式会社アドマテックスのＡＣ９５００−ＢＨＥＡ２５Ｃで、シランカップリング処理がなされた平均粒子径１０μｍのアルミナを示し、「球状シリカ」が、株式会社アドマテックスのＳＯ−Ｃ４でシランカップリング処理がなされていない平均粒子径１μｍの球状のシリカを示し、「ＳＣ処理シリカ」が、株式会社アドマテックスのシランカップリング処理がなされた平均粒子径１０μｍのシリカを示し、チタニアが、東邦チタニウム株式会社のＨＴＯ２１０をそれぞれ示す。
硬化剤（フィラーの帯電状態を調整し、かつ、エポキシ樹脂の硬化を促す硬化剤を意味する）には、アミン系（具体的には、三菱化学株式会社のＥＫ−１１３）と、酸無水物系（具体的には、ＨＵＮＴＳＭＡＮ社のＨＹ９２５）を用いた。
As for the fillers shown in Table 1, "crushed alumina" is LA1200 manufactured by Taiheiyo Random Co., Ltd., which shows amorphous alumina particles that have not been surface-charged, and "spherical alumina" is manufactured by Admatex Co., Ltd. AO-809 indicates a spherical alumina having an average particle diameter of 10 μm that is not subjected to silane coupling treatment, and “SC-treated alumina” is AC9500-BHEA25C manufactured by Admatechs Co., Ltd. and is an average particle subjected to silane coupling treatment. "Spherical silica" refers to alumina with a diameter of 10 µm, "spherical silica" refers to spherical silica with an average particle diameter of 1 µm that has not been subjected to silane coupling treatment with SO-C4 of Admatechs Co., Ltd., and "SC-treated silica" refers to Silica with an average particle size of 10 μm that has been subjected to Admatex silane coupling treatment Shows, titania, show the HTO210 of Toho Titanium Co., Ltd., respectively.
The curing agent (which means a curing agent that adjusts the charged state of the filler and accelerates curing of the epoxy resin) includes an amine-based (specifically, EK-113 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and an acid anhydride. A system (specifically, HY925 manufactured by HUNTSMAN) was used.
表１に示す実験結果より、破砕アルミナ及び球状アルミナは、硬化剤が付与されていない状態で、負極に移動したため、工程Ａにおいて、正に帯電していたと考えられる。この点、アルミナ粒子は、図２に示すように、ｐＨが約９に等電点が存在し、本実験のエポキシ樹脂は、ｐＨが約７であることと一致する。
一方、シランカップリング処理がなされたアルミナ粒子は、硬化剤が付与されていない状態で、電気泳動による移動が見られなかったことから、工程Ａでの帯電レベルが小さかったと考えられる。よって、アルミナ粒子は、シランカップリング処理によって、ｐＨが約７に等電点が存在するようになったと推測される。
From the experimental results shown in Table 1, it is considered that the crushed alumina and the spherical alumina were positively charged in step A because they moved to the negative electrode in the state where the curing agent was not applied. In this respect, the alumina particles have an isoelectric point at a pH of about 9 as shown in FIG. 2, which is consistent with the epoxy resin of this experiment having a pH of about 7.
On the other hand, the silane-coupling-treated alumina particles did not show migration due to electrophoresis in the state where no curing agent was applied, so it is considered that the charge level in step A was low. Therefore, it is speculated that the alumina particles have an isoelectric point at a pH of about 7 due to the silane coupling treatment.
そして、破砕アルミナ、球状アルミナ及びＳＣ処理アルミナの全てにおいて、アルミナ粒子は、アミン系の硬化剤の添加により、正極側に移動し、酸無水物系の硬化剤の添加により、負極側に移動した。この結果は、エポキシ樹脂のｐＨ値が、アミン系の硬化剤の添加によって上昇し、酸無水物系の硬化剤の添加によって低下する現象で説明できる。 Then, in all of the crushed alumina, spherical alumina and SC-treated alumina, the alumina particles moved to the positive electrode side by the addition of the amine-based curing agent, and moved to the negative electrode side by the addition of the acid anhydride-based curing agent. .. This result can be explained by the phenomenon that the pH value of the epoxy resin increases with the addition of the amine-based curing agent and decreases with the addition of the acid anhydride-based curing agent.
また、表１の実験結果より、シランカップリング処理がなされていない球状シリカは、硬化剤を添加しない場合、アミン系の硬化剤を添加した場合、酸無水物系の硬化剤を添加した場合のいずれにおいても、正極に移動し、工程Ａでの帯電状態が負極であったと考えられる。これに対し、ＳＣ処理シリカは、硬化剤を添加しない場合及び酸無水物系の硬化剤を添加した場合に負極に移動し、アミン系の硬化剤を添加した場合に移動しなかったことから、シリカは、シランカップリング処理によって、表面の帯電状態が正極側に変化し、電気泳動による分布が変わることが確認できる。 In addition, from the experimental results in Table 1, the spherical silica that has not been subjected to the silane coupling treatment is obtained when no curing agent is added, when an amine-based curing agent is added, or when an acid anhydride-based curing agent is added. In any case, it is considered that the charged state moved to the positive electrode and the charged state in step A was the negative electrode. On the other hand, the SC-treated silica migrated to the negative electrode when the curing agent was not added and the acid anhydride curing agent was added, and did not migrate when the amine curing agent was added. It can be confirmed that the surface charge state of silica is changed to the positive electrode side by the silane coupling treatment, and the distribution by electrophoresis is changed.
そして、チタニアは、硬化剤を添加しない場合及びアミン系の硬化剤を添加した場合に、正極側に移動し、酸無水物系の硬化剤を添加した場合に、負極側に移動することから、複合材のｐＨ値によって、チタニアの移動方向が変わることが確認できる。
よって、主剤のｐＨ値を変える硬化剤の投入や、フィラーの表面帯電処理の有無によって、最終的なフィラーの分布が調整可能なことが分かる。
更に、エポキシ樹脂にアミン系の硬化剤を投入した複合材において、球状シリカは正極に移動し、ＳＣ処理シリカは移動しないことから、帯電極性の異なる複数種のフィラーを複合材に添加することで、フィラーの分布を、フィラーの種類ごとに調整できることが明らかである。
Then, titania, when no curing agent is added and when an amine-based curing agent is added, moves to the positive electrode side, and when an acid anhydride-based curing agent is added, since it moves to the negative electrode side, It can be confirmed that the moving direction of the titania changes depending on the pH value of the composite material.
Therefore, it can be seen that the final distribution of the filler can be adjusted by adding a curing agent that changes the pH value of the main agent and whether or not the surface charging of the filler is performed.
Furthermore, in a composite material in which an amine-based curing agent is added to an epoxy resin, spherical silica moves to the positive electrode and SC-treated silica does not move. Therefore, by adding a plurality of types of fillers having different charging polarities to the composite material, It is clear that the filler distribution can be adjusted for each type of filler.
また、上述した低粘度ビスフェノールＡ型のエポキシ樹脂を主剤とし、上述した球状アルミナをフィラーとして、フィラーに対し放電処理による表面帯電処理を行った場合と行わなかった場合のそれぞれについて、フィラーの主剤中での移動速度を計測した。計測結果を図５に示す。図５には、放電処理無しのフィラー及び放電処理有りのフィラーについての平均移動速度が記されている。 In addition, the above-mentioned low-viscosity bisphenol A type epoxy resin is used as the main agent, and the above-mentioned spherical alumina is used as the filler. The moving speed was measured. The measurement result is shown in FIG. FIG. 5 shows the average moving speeds of the filler without discharge treatment and the filler with discharge treatment.
なお、放電処理は、フィラーを含有させた主剤中に剣山状の電極を配置して、１５ｋＶｒｍｓを３０分間印加することによって行った。そして、フィラーの移動速度は、電界２０Ｖ／ｍｍの条件下でのフィラーの移動を計測したものである。図５に示す結果より、多少のばらつきはあるものの、放電処理後のフィラーが、放電処理前のフィラーに比べ速く移動するのが確認できる。よって、放電処理による表面帯電処理の有無により、フィラーの分布調整が可能である。 The discharge treatment was performed by disposing a sword-shaped electrode in the main agent containing a filler and applying 15 kVrms for 30 minutes. The moving speed of the filler is measured by moving the filler under the condition of an electric field of 20 V / mm. From the results shown in FIG. 5, it can be confirmed that the filler after the discharge treatment moves faster than the filler before the discharge treatment, although there is some variation. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the distribution of the filler depending on the presence or absence of the surface charging treatment by the discharge treatment.
以上、本発明の実施の形態を説明したが、本発明は、上記した形態に限定されるものでなく、要旨を逸脱しない条件の変更等は全て本発明の適用範囲である。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and changes in conditions and the like without departing from the gist are all within the scope of application of the present invention.
１０：硬化性樹脂、１１：フィラー、１２：傾斜機能材料、１３：複合材、１４：添加剤、１５：負極、１６：正極、１７：収容部、１８：電源、１９：スイッチ
10: Curable resin, 11: Filler, 12: Functionally gradient material, 13: Composite material, 14: Additive, 15: Negative electrode, 16: Positive electrode, 17: Housing part, 18: Power supply, 19: Switch
Claims (8)
帯電した前記フィラーを前記硬化性樹脂に含有させた複合材を得る工程Ａと、
前記複合材に電圧を印加して、前記複合材中で前記フィラーを移動させる工程Ｂと、
前記複合材を固化する工程Ｃとを有し、
前記工程Ａでの前記フィラーの帯電状態は、該フィラーの表面帯電処理の有無、及び、前記複合材への添加剤の投入の有無によって、調整され、
前記フィラーは、誘電率の異なる少なくとも２種類のフィラーＰ、Ｑからなることを特徴とする傾斜機能材料の製造方法。 In the method for producing a functionally graded material in which a filler is distributed in a curable resin that is the main component,
Step A of obtaining a composite material in which the curable resin contains the charged filler,
Applying a voltage to the composite to move the filler in the composite, B;
Step C of solidifying the composite material,
The charge state of the filler in the step A is adjusted by the presence or absence of surface charging treatment of the filler and the presence or absence of addition of an additive to the composite material ,
The filler comprises at least two types of fillers P different dielectric constant, Q Tona method of manufacturing a gradient function material characterized Rukoto.
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