JP6696716B2 - Vehicle sound evaluation device - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、自動車等の車両の車室内外で聞こえるエンジン音、空調機音等や各種部品が発する様々な音が、当該車両の運転者、同乗者および当該車両の周辺環境等に及ぼす快適性および不快感等を予測評価する車両音評価装置に関する。 The present invention provides comfort that the engine sound, the air conditioner sound, and various sounds emitted by various parts that are heard inside and outside a vehicle such as an automobile affect the driver, fellow passenger, and surrounding environment of the vehicle. The present invention also relates to a vehicle sound evaluation device for predicting and evaluating discomfort and the like.
自動車等の車両内外では、エンジン音やドアの開閉音、空調機音など様々な音が発生し、それらの音質やレベルによっては、当該車両の運転者、同乗者のみならず、車両の周辺にいる人々にも大きな不快感を与えてしまう場合がある。 Various sounds such as engine noise, door opening / closing noise, and air conditioner noise are generated inside and outside of vehicles such as automobiles. Depending on the sound quality and level, not only the driver and passengers of the vehicle but also the surrounding area of the vehicle It can cause great discomfort to those who are present.
自動車のエンジン音や消音装置（マフラー）が発する音に関しては、メーカーにおける当該車種の設計、試作、製造過程で、それらの音の音圧レベルや周波数成分を分析し、当該音の快適性評価を行った上で出荷するような作業工程が一般的に行われてきている。 Regarding the engine sound of the automobile and the sound emitted by the muffler, the sound pressure level and frequency components of those sounds are analyzed during the design, prototype, and manufacturing process of the relevant vehicle type by the manufacturer to evaluate the comfort level of the sound. Work processes such as first shipping and then shipping have been commonly performed.
車室内の空調機の音に関しても、同様に音圧レベルや周波数成分分析が行われている。加えて、一部の自動車メーカーでは、自動車のドアの開閉時に発生する音や、車室内のシートの衣擦れ音、摩擦音等の分析も行い、当該音の快適性評価を行った上で出荷するような作業工程が実施されてきている。 The sound pressure level and frequency component analysis are also performed on the sound of the air conditioner in the vehicle compartment. In addition, some automobile manufacturers should analyze the sound generated when the door of the car is opened and closed, the rubbing noise of the seat in the passenger compartment, the friction noise, etc., and evaluate the comfort of the sound before shipping. Various work processes have been implemented.
これらの周波数成分分析には、一般的に良く用いられるFFT分析やオクターブバンド分析などが用いられてきた。そして、分析結果が音圧レベルともに検討された上で、最終的には、開発担当者や工員等の長年の経験による勘や感覚に頼って快適性の最終判断を行ってきた。 FFT analysis and octave band analysis, which are commonly used, have been used for these frequency component analysis. Then, after the analysis results are examined together with the sound pressure level, the final judgment of the comfort is finally made by relying on the intuition and sensation of the person in charge of the development, the worker, etc. through many years of experience.
特許文献１には、特に自動車両の客室空間における音響空間特性を、有効音発信装置を用いて、試験音を発信することにより及び受信された評価音を分析することにより検出するための方法において、試験音（Ｔ；ＴＳ）が、有効音の心理音響学上のマスキング領域（６；７）に発信されることを特徴とする、特に自動車両の客室空間における音響空間特性を検出するための方法および装置が開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a method for detecting acoustic space characteristics, particularly in a passenger compartment space of an automobile, by transmitting a test sound and analyzing a received evaluation sound by using an effective sound transmission device. , The test sound (T; TS) is transmitted to the psychoacoustic masking area (6; 7) of the effective sound, particularly for detecting the acoustic spatial characteristics in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle. Methods and apparatus are disclosed.
特許文献２には、車内及び車外の少なくとも一方の音を検出する検出手段によって検出された検出信号の時間軸に対する変動状況を表す抱絡線を抽出する抽出手段と、前記抽出手段によって抽出された前記抱絡線の周波数を分析し、分析結果から特定周期成分の位相を所定位相シフトした変調信号を生成する生成手段と、前記生成手段によって生成された前記変調信号に基づいて、車内及び車外の少なくとも一方に発音する前記発音手段から発音するための発音信号を生成する発音信号生成手段とを備えた車両騒音音質制御装置が開示されている。 In Patent Document 2, an extracting unit that extracts an enveloping line that represents a variation state of a detection signal detected by a detecting unit that detects at least one of sound inside and outside the vehicle, and the extracting unit. Generating means for analyzing the frequency of the envelope and generating a modulation signal in which the phase of the specific periodic component is shifted by a predetermined phase from the analysis result, and based on the modulation signal generated by the generating means, inside and outside the vehicle There is disclosed a vehicle noise sound quality control device provided with a sound signal generation means for generating a sound signal for sounding from at least one of the sound generating means.
特許文献３には、計測した評価対象とする評価音を次数解析し、次数解析した評価音の基音となる次数成分とその倍音となる次数成分の音圧レベルに対する直線の傾きを解析傾き角度ｘとして求め、この解析傾き角度ｘと予め記憶しておいた理想傾き角度ｘｒとの差と、０．５次ピッチ暗騒音の合計値ＮL0.5と、主要次数レベル総和値Ｓのそれぞれについての演算項を含んで形成した協和感定量評価式により協和感レベルを求める車両用音質評価装置、及び、車両用音質評価方法が開示されている。 In Patent Document 3, the measured evaluation sound to be evaluated is order-analyzed, and the inclination of a straight line with respect to the sound pressure level of the order component that is the fundamental of the order-analyzed evaluation sound and the order component that is the overtone is analyzed. Then, the difference between the analytical tilt angle x and the ideal tilt angle xr stored in advance, the total value NL0.5 of the 0.5th order pitch background noise, and the main order level sum total value S are calculated. A vehicle sound quality evaluation apparatus and a vehicle sound quality evaluation method for obtaining a consonance level by a consensus quantitative evaluation formula formed including terms are disclosed.
特許文献４には、採取された空調音データに基づき空調音の音質を定量的に評価する空調音の音質評価方法において、評価対象となる空調音データを採取する空調音データ採取手順と、採取された空調音データから、音の大きさであるラウドネスのスペクトルを描き、スペクトル面積の重心を求め、重心位置が高周波数側であるほど高い値となるシャープネスを計算するシャープネス計算手順と、計算されたシャープネスの値を心理音響評価量とし、どのような感じの空調音かという人の聴感による音質を評価する音質評価手順とを備えた空調音の音質評価方法および音質評価システムが開示されている。 Patent Document 4 discloses an air conditioning sound data collection procedure for collecting air conditioning sound data to be evaluated in a sound quality evaluation method for air conditioning sound that quantitatively evaluates the sound quality of the air conditioning sound based on the collected air conditioning sound data. A sharpness calculation procedure that draws a loudness spectrum, which is the loudness of the sound, calculates the center of gravity of the spectrum area, and calculates the sharpness with a higher value as the position of the center of gravity is higher. A sound quality evaluation method and a sound quality evaluation system for an air conditioning sound, which includes a sound quality evaluation procedure that evaluates the sound quality of a person's audible feeling as to what kind of feeling the air conditioning sound has, using the value of sharpness as a psychoacoustic evaluation amount, is disclosed. .
特許文献５には、製品または製品を製造するための部品から発せられる音響信号を集音する音響センサと、前記音響信号を分析する音響信号分析部と、前記音響信号分析部の分析結果に基づいて前記音響信号が正常時音響信号か異常時音響信号かを判定する音響信号判定部から成る異音判定装置であって、前記音響信号分析部は健聴者の聴覚フィルタ形状から聴神経興奮パターンを算出する機能を有し、前記音響信号判定部は前記聴神経興奮パターンに基づいて前記音響信号が正常時音響信号か異常時音響信号かを判定する機能を有する異音判定装置が開示されている。 Patent Document 5 discloses an acoustic sensor that collects an acoustic signal emitted from a product or a component for manufacturing the product, an acoustic signal analysis unit that analyzes the acoustic signal, and an analysis result of the acoustic signal analysis unit. Is an abnormal sound determination device including an acoustic signal determination unit that determines whether the acoustic signal is a normal acoustic signal or an abnormal acoustic signal, wherein the acoustic signal analysis unit calculates an auditory nerve excitation pattern from a hearing filter shape of a hearing-impaired person. An abnormal sound determination device is disclosed, which has a function to perform, and the acoustic signal determination unit has a function to determine whether the acoustic signal is a normal acoustic signal or an abnormal acoustic signal based on the auditory nerve excitation pattern.
解決しようとする問題点は、自動車等の車両の車室内外で聞こえるエンジン音、空調機音等や各種部品が発する様々な音が、当該車両の運転者、同乗者および当該車両の周辺環境等に及ぼす快適性および不快感等を予測評価する装置を提供することである。 The problem to be solved is that engine sounds, air conditioner sounds, etc., which are heard inside and outside the cabin of vehicles such as automobiles, and various sounds emitted by various parts, are caused by the driver, passenger, and surrounding environment of the vehicle. An object of the present invention is to provide a device for predicting and evaluating comfort, discomfort, and the like exerted on a person.
特許文献１においては、自動車両内の客室空間における音響空間特性を検出するために、有効音（例えば音楽）を発信する装置を用いて、追加的に試験音を発信し、この試験音が有効音の心理音響学上のマスキング領域（遮蔽領域）に発信されることによって自動車両内の音響システムにおける音質を最善の状態にしているが、これはあくまで、心理音響学上のマスキングを用いた自動車両内の音響システムの音質改善が目的であって、自動車等の車両の車室内外で聞こえるエンジン音、空調機音等や各種部品が発する様々な音の快適性を判断することはできない。また、心理音響学上のマスキングという概念は極めて曖昧であり、人間の聴覚器官のメカニズム等を考慮した分析等が全く行われていないため、音質の改善効果の程度が予測できないという問題点があった。 In Patent Document 1, in order to detect the acoustic space characteristic in the passenger compartment in the motor vehicle, a test sound is additionally emitted using a device that emits an effective sound (for example, music), and the test sound is effective. Sound is sent to the psychoacoustic masking area (occlusion area) to optimize the sound quality of the acoustic system in the vehicle. However, this is only for automobiles using psychoacoustic masking. The purpose is to improve the sound quality of the sound systems in both units, and it is not possible to judge the comfort of engine sounds, air conditioner sounds, and various sounds emitted by various parts that are heard inside and outside a vehicle such as an automobile. In addition, the concept of masking in psychoacoustics is extremely vague, and there is a problem in that the degree of improvement in sound quality cannot be predicted because analysis that considers the mechanism of the human auditory organ has not been performed at all. It was
特許文献２においては、車内及び車外の少なくとも一方の音を検出する検出手段によって検出された検出信号の時間軸に対する抱絡線を抽出し、前記抱絡線の周波数を分析し、分析結果から特定周期成分の位相を所定位相シフトした変調信号を生成し、発音することによって、車両騒音音質制御を行っている。しかし、当該周波数分析の手法としては、FFT等の一般的に用いられる物理量に基づいた分析手法が用いられており、人間の聴覚器官のメカニズム等を考慮した分析等は全く行われていない。そのため、車両騒音の音質の快適性等が不明なまま当該処理が行われるという問題点があった。 In Patent Document 2, an envelope for the time axis of a detection signal detected by a detection unit that detects at least one of sound inside and outside the vehicle is extracted, the frequency of the envelope is analyzed, and the frequency is specified from the analysis result. Vehicle noise sound quality control is performed by generating a modulated signal in which the phase of the periodic component is shifted by a predetermined phase and generating the sound. However, as the frequency analysis method, an analysis method based on a generally used physical quantity such as FFT is used, and analysis etc. considering the mechanism of human auditory organs are not performed at all. Therefore, there is a problem in that the processing is performed while the comfort of the sound quality of the vehicle noise is unknown.
特許文献３では、計測した評価対象とする評価音を次数解析して、上記評価音の協和感を定量評価することによって車両の音質評価を行っている。協和感とは、評価語（「快適」、「歯切れのある」、「リニア感のある」）と音の周波数スペクトル等の音響特性データを基にするものである。しかしこれは、あくまで試験を行う試験者もしくは被験者の主観評価結果に基づいており、人間の聴覚器官のメカニズム等を考慮した分析等は全く行われていない。そのため、車両の音質の快適性等が、あくまで主観評価結果に基づいたものとなってしまい定量的な判断がし難いという問題点があった。 In Patent Document 3, the sound quality of the vehicle is evaluated by performing order analysis of the measured evaluation sound to be evaluated and quantitatively evaluating the consonance of the evaluation sound. The sense of harmony is based on evaluation words (“comfortable”, “crisp”, “linear”) and acoustic characteristic data such as frequency spectrum of sound. However, this is based on the subjective evaluation result of the tester or the subject who conducts the test, and no analysis or the like considering the mechanism of the human auditory organ has been performed. Therefore, the comfort of the sound quality of the vehicle is based on the subjective evaluation result, and it is difficult to make a quantitative determination.
特許文献４では、１つの心理音響評価量（シャープネス）を用いた簡単な評価手法でありながら、人間の聴覚機能に基づいた空調音の総合的な心地よさの感覚を適切に評価することができる空調音の音質評価方法および音質評価システムを開示している。しかし、シャープネスを算出するための基となる周波数分析手法は従来の物理的なバンドバスフィルタ等によるものであり、人間の聴覚器官のメカニズム等を考慮した分析等は全く行われていない。そのため、空調音の快適性等の評価はあくまで物理量である周波数成分分析結果に基づいてしまい、音質の快適性の評価やその改善効果の予測が正確にできないという問題点があった。 In Patent Document 4, although it is a simple evaluation method that uses one psychoacoustic evaluation amount (sharpness), it is possible to appropriately evaluate the overall comfort sensation of the air conditioning sound based on the human auditory function. A sound quality evaluation method and sound quality evaluation system for air conditioning sound are disclosed. However, the frequency analysis method that is the basis for calculating the sharpness is based on the conventional physical band-pass filter or the like, and no analysis or the like considering the mechanism of the human auditory organ is performed at all. Therefore, the comfort of the air conditioning sound is simply evaluated based on the frequency component analysis result, which is a physical quantity, and the comfort of the sound quality and the improvement effect thereof cannot be accurately predicted.
特許文献５では、ベテラン工員がその聴覚によって判別していた異音を装置によって検出するために、人間の聴覚機構に最も近い音響分析手法を用いて音響信号を分析し、その結果をもって異音判定を行っている。ここでは人間の聴覚器官のメカニズム等を考慮した分析手法である聴神経興奮パターンに基づいて分析を行っているが、これはあくまで製造工程時に発生する異音の検出を目的としており、自動車等の車両の車室内外で聞こえるエンジン音、空調機音等や各種部品が発する様々な音が、当該車両の運転者、同乗者および当該車両の周辺環境等に及ぼす快適性および不快感等を予測評価する手法に関する示唆も開示も無い。 In Patent Document 5, in order to detect an abnormal sound that a veteran worker discriminates by his or her hearing with a device, an acoustic signal is analyzed by using an acoustic analysis method that is closest to a human auditory mechanism, and the abnormal sound is determined based on the result. It is carried out. Here, the analysis is performed based on the auditory nerve excitation pattern, which is an analysis method that considers the mechanism of human auditory organs, but this is only for the purpose of detecting abnormal noise that occurs during the manufacturing process, and it is used for vehicles such as automobiles. Predicts and evaluates the comfort and discomfort that the engine sound, air conditioner sound, and various sounds emitted by various parts that are heard inside and outside the vehicle will affect the driver, passengers, and surrounding environment of the vehicle. There is no suggestion or disclosure regarding the method.
本発明では、自動車等の車両の車室内外で聞こえるエンジン音、空調機音等や各種部品が発する様々な音が、当該車両の運転者、同乗者および当該車両の周辺環境等に及ぼす快適性および不快感等を、人間の聴覚機構に最も近い音響分析手法を用いて分析し、その結果をもって車両音評価を行う。 In the present invention, the comfort of the engine sound, the air conditioner sound, etc., and various sounds emitted by various parts heard inside and outside a vehicle such as an automobile exerts on the driver, passengers and the surrounding environment of the vehicle. And the discomfort and the like are analyzed by using an acoustic analysis method that is closest to the human hearing mechanism, and the vehicle sound is evaluated based on the result.
具体的には、自動車等の車両の車室内外で発せられる音響信号を集音する音響センサと、前記音響信号を分析する音響信号分析部と、前記音響信号分析部の分析結果に基づいて前記音響信号に対する人間の快適性を評価する車両音評価装置であって、前記音響信号分析部は健聴者の聴覚フィルタ形状から聴神経興奮パターンを算出する機能を有し、前記音響信号判定部は前記聴神経興奮パターンに基づいて前記音響信号の快適性を判定する機能を有する構成とした。これにより、従来、人間の聴覚とは関係のない物理的指標や工員等の長年の経験による勘や感覚に頼っていた車両音の音質や快適性評価が、より人間の聴感覚による評価に近づき、音質の快適性の評価やその改善効果の予測が正確にできるようになる。 Specifically, an acoustic sensor that collects an acoustic signal emitted inside and outside a vehicle such as an automobile, an acoustic signal analysis unit that analyzes the acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal analysis unit based on the analysis result of the acoustic signal analysis unit. A vehicle sound evaluation device for evaluating human comfort with respect to an acoustic signal, wherein the acoustic signal analysis unit has a function of calculating an acoustic nerve excitation pattern from a hearing filter shape of a normal hearing person, and the acoustic signal determination unit is the acoustic nerve. The configuration has a function of determining the comfort level of the acoustic signal based on the excitement pattern. As a result, the sound quality and comfort evaluation of the vehicle sound, which had hitherto relied on physical indicators unrelated to human hearing and the intuition and sensation of many years of experience of workers, etc., are closer to those of human hearing. , It becomes possible to accurately evaluate the comfort of sound quality and predict the improvement effect.
この場合の音響信号が自動車のエンジン音であれば、当該車両の運転者、同乗者および当該車両の周辺環境等に当該車両のエンジン音が及ぼす快適性および不快感等を正確に予測評価できる車両音評価装置を構成することが可能である。 If the acoustic signal in this case is the engine sound of the vehicle, the vehicle can accurately predict and evaluate the comfort and discomfort caused by the engine sound of the vehicle on the driver, passengers, and the surrounding environment of the vehicle. It is possible to configure a sound evaluation device.
また、この場合の音響信号が自動車の消音装置から発せられる音響信号であれば、当該車両の運転者、同乗者および当該車両の周辺環境等に当該車両のエンジン音が実質的に及ぼす快適性および不快感等を正確に予測評価できる上に、当該消音装置の性能を人間が感じる快適性に基づいて評価可能な車両音評価装置を構成することが可能である。 Further, if the acoustic signal in this case is an acoustic signal emitted from the muffler of the vehicle, the comfort and the engine sound of the vehicle substantially affect the driver of the vehicle, the passengers, the surrounding environment of the vehicle, and the like. It is possible to configure a vehicle sound evaluation device capable of accurately predicting and evaluating discomfort and the like, and also capable of evaluating the performance of the muffling device based on the comfort that a person feels.
また、この場合の音響信号が自動車車室内の空調機音であれば、当該車両の運転者および同乗者が当該車両の車室内で感じる快適性および不快感等を正確に予測評価できる車両音評価装置を構成することが可能である。 Further, if the acoustic signal in this case is the air conditioner sound of the vehicle interior of the vehicle, the vehicle sound evaluation capable of accurately predicting and evaluating the comfort and discomfort felt by the driver and passengers of the vehicle in the vehicle interior of the vehicle. The device can be configured.
また、この場合の音響信号が自動車のドアの開閉音であれば、当該車両の運転者および同乗者が当該車両のドアの開閉時に感じる快適性および不快感等を正確に予測評価できる車両音評価装置を構成することが可能である。 Further, if the acoustic signal in this case is the sound of opening and closing the door of the vehicle, the vehicle sound evaluation capable of accurately predicting and evaluating the comfort and discomfort felt by the driver and passengers of the vehicle when opening and closing the door of the vehicle. The device can be configured.
さらに、この場合の音響信号が自動車車室内のシートの衣擦れ音もしくは摩擦音であれば、当該車両の運転者および同乗者が当該車室内で感じる快適性および不快感等を正確に予測評価できる車両音評価装置を構成することが可能である。 Further, if the acoustic signal in this case is a rubbing sound or a rubbing noise of a seat in the vehicle interior of a vehicle, the vehicle sound capable of accurately predicting and evaluating the comfort and discomfort felt by the driver and passengers of the vehicle in the vehicle interior. It is possible to configure an evaluation device.
本発明の車両音評価装置は、従来、人間の聴覚とは関係のない物理的指標や工員等の長年の経験による勘や感覚に頼っていた車両音の音質や快適性評価を、人間の聴覚機構に最も近い分析手法である聴神経興奮パターンを用いて分析することにより、運転者、同乗者および当該車両周辺に及ぼす快適性や不快感等を予測評価することができる。 The vehicle sound evaluation apparatus according to the present invention, which conventionally relies on the physical index unrelated to human hearing and the sound quality and comfort evaluation of the vehicle sound, which depended on the intuition and sensation of many years of experience of workers, etc. By using the auditory nerve excitation pattern, which is the analysis method closest to the mechanism, it is possible to predict and evaluate comfort, discomfort, and the like that affect the driver, fellow passenger, and the surroundings of the vehicle.
これにより、自動車等の車両の運行時に当該車両から発せられる様々な音に対して、運転者、同乗者および当該車両の周辺環境に居住する人々などが感じる、快適性や不快感を予測できるようになり、車室内外にいる人々の快適性を向上させることが可能となる。 This makes it possible to predict the comfort and discomfort felt by the driver, passengers, and people living in the environment surrounding the vehicle with respect to various sounds emitted from the vehicle during operation of the vehicle such as an automobile. As a result, it is possible to improve the comfort of people inside and outside the vehicle.
さらに、自動車等の車両の運行時に当該車両から発せられる様々な音の快適性が事前に予測できるので、車両等から発せられる音による騒音公害被害や、運転者や同乗者が搭乗時に感じる疲労感などの軽減に貢献することも可能である。 In addition, the comfort of various sounds emitted from a vehicle such as an automobile can be predicted in advance, so noise generated by the sounds emitted from the vehicle can cause noise pollution, and the driver or passenger can feel fatigue when boarding. It is also possible to contribute to the reduction of such as.
以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明において、同一機能を有するものは同一の符号とし、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。 Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, components having the same function are designated by the same reference numeral, and repeated description thereof will be omitted.
図１は、本発明の実施形態におけるシステムのブロック図であり、音響センサ１、聴覚フィルタバンク４と聴神経興奮パターン算出部５から成る音響信号分析部２、車両音評価部３から成る。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes an acoustic sensor 1, an acoustic signal analysis unit 2 including an auditory filter bank 4 and an acoustic nerve excitation pattern calculation unit 5, and a vehicle sound evaluation unit 3.
音響センサ１はマイクロフォンなどで構成される。当該車両の車室内もしくは車両から発せられる音が収音可能な車室内外の任意の場所に設置され、エンジン音や消音装置（マフラー）が発する音、車室内の空調機の音、ドアの開閉時に発生する音、車室内のシートの衣擦れ音、摩擦音等などを集音する。 The acoustic sensor 1 is composed of a microphone or the like. It is installed in the vehicle interior of the vehicle or in any location inside and outside the vehicle where the sound emitted from the vehicle can be collected, and the sound of the engine and muffler, the sound of the air conditioner in the vehicle, the opening and closing of the door. It collects the sounds that occur at times, the rubbing sounds of the seats in the passenger compartment, and the friction sounds.
音響信号分析部２は、音響センサ１で集音された音響信号を健聴者の聴覚フィルタバンク４に通した後、前記音響信号の聴神経興奮パターン（エキサイテーションパターン）を聴神経興奮パターン算出部５によって算出する。 The acoustic signal analysis unit 2 passes the acoustic signals collected by the acoustic sensor 1 through the auditory filter bank 4 of a hearing-impaired person, and then determines the acoustic nerve excitation pattern (excitation pattern) of the acoustic signal by the acoustic nerve excitation pattern calculation unit 5. calculate.
ここで、聴覚フィルタとは、人間の聴覚末梢器官で最も重要な役割を担う内耳の中の“蝸牛”の機能を電気的なフィルタでモデル化する手法である。 Here, the auditory filter is a method of modeling the function of the "cochlea" in the inner ear, which plays the most important role in the human auditory peripheral organ, with an electrical filter.
人間の蝸牛は、耳に入って来た音響信号に含まれる周波数成分を分析して聴神経に伝える機能を有する。この機能を、複数の帯域フィルタで構成された聴覚フィルタバンクで模擬することによって、人間の聴覚末梢器官と同等の周波数分析機能を実現できることが知られている。 The human cochlea has a function of analyzing a frequency component contained in an acoustic signal coming into the ear and transmitting it to the auditory nerve. It is known that a frequency analysis function equivalent to that of a human auditory peripheral organ can be realized by simulating this function with a hearing filter bank composed of a plurality of band-pass filters.
図２は、聴覚フィルタバンク４の模式図であり、横軸が周波数、縦軸が音の強さである。ここでは、一例としてある特定の周波数の純音が入力された場合を図示している。 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the auditory filter bank 4, in which the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents sound intensity. Here, as an example, the case where a pure tone having a specific frequency is input is illustrated.
この聴覚フィルタバンク４を構成する一つ一つの聴覚フィルタの形状（周波数特性）は人間の蝸牛に固有のものである。人間の蝸牛の周波数分析機能を模擬するために最も適したフィルタモデル関数としては、roexフィルタ、ガンマトーンフィルタ、ガンマチャープフィルタなどが知られている。 The shape (frequency characteristic) of each auditory filter forming the auditory filter bank 4 is unique to the human cochlea. Roex filters, gamma tone filters, and gamma chirp filters are known as the most suitable filter model functions for simulating the frequency analysis function of the human cochlea.
さらに、聴覚フィルタのバンド幅は入力音の周波数毎に変化することが知られており、健聴者であれば式（１）に示す周波数の関数によって近似できることが非特許文献１によって明らかにされている。 Further, it is known that the bandwidth of the auditory filter changes for each frequency of the input sound, and it has been clarified by Non-Patent Document 1 that a hearing-impaired person can be approximated by a function of frequency shown in Expression (1). There is.
ＥＲＢ（ｆC）＝24.673(4.368ｆC/ 1000+1) ・・・（１） ERB (f C ) = 24.673 (4.368f C / 1000 + 1) ・ ・ ・ (1)
式（１）において、fc は聴覚フィルタの中心周波数であり、ERBはそのバンド幅（Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth）である。
聴神経興奮パターン（エキサイテーションパターン）は、入力音が蝸牛で周波数分析された後に、その結果として聴神経に出力される神経興奮量の周波数分布であり、これは聴覚フィルタバンク４を用いて、周波数の関数として近似的に算出できる。 The auditory nerve excitation pattern (excitation pattern) is a frequency distribution of the amount of nerve excitation output to the auditory nerve as a result after the input sound is frequency-analyzed in the cochlea. It can be calculated approximately as a function.
図３に、聴覚フィルタバンク４に、ある特定の周波数の純音が入力された場合の聴神経興奮パターン算出の模式図を示す。入力された純音に対して、聴覚フィルタＡ の通過量はａ であるため、出力値ａ が得られる。同様に聴覚フィルタＢ、Ｃ、Ｄ，Ｅ 及びＦ からは出力値ｂ, c , d, e 及びf がそれぞれ得られるので、これらの出力値をプロットすれば聴神経興奮パターンとなる。過去の研究報告で、この聴神経興奮パターンが人間の蝸牛及び聴神経の生理学データと一致することが確認されている。 FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the acoustic nerve excitation pattern calculation when a pure tone of a specific frequency is input to the auditory filter bank 4. Since the amount of passage of the auditory filter A 1 with respect to the input pure sound is a 1, the output value a 1 is obtained. Similarly, since the output values b, c, d, e and f are obtained from the auditory filters B, C, D, E and F, respectively, if these output values are plotted, an auditory nerve excitation pattern is obtained. Previous research reports have confirmed that this auditory nerve excitation pattern is consistent with human cochlear and auditory nerve physiology data.
図４右図に、実際の自動車のエンジン音を本発明の音響信号分析部２で分析した聴神経興奮パターン（エキサイテーションパターン）の結果を示す。一般的な従来式の分析結果として、左図にFFT分析、中央図にLPC分析の結果を併記する。全て、横軸は周波数、縦軸は相対的な強度[dB]である。 The right diagram of FIG. 4 shows the result of the acoustic nerve excitation pattern (excitation pattern) obtained by analyzing the actual vehicle engine sound by the acoustic signal analysis unit 2 of the present invention. The results of FFT analysis are shown in the left figure and the results of LPC analysis are shown in the middle figure as the general conventional analysis results. In all, the horizontal axis is frequency and the vertical axis is relative intensity [dB].
なお、ここでは聴覚フィルタのモデル関数にroex(p,r)フィルタを用いている。roex(p, r)関数は、ｆCを聴覚フィルタの中心周波数、Δｆを中心周波数からの差分、pをフィルタのバンド幅、rをフィルタのダイナミックレンジとすると、式（２）で表わされる関数であり、聴覚フィルタの代表的なモデル関数の一つである。 Note that here, a roex (p, r) filter is used as the model function of the auditory filter. The roex (p, r) function is a function expressed by equation (2), where f C is the center frequency of the auditory filter, Δf is the difference from the center frequency, p is the filter bandwidth, and r is the filter dynamic range. And is one of the typical model functions of the auditory filter.
W(Δｆ / ｆC) ＝ （１−ｒ）（１＋ｐΔｆ / ｆC）ｅpΔf / fC＋ｒ・・・（２） W (Δf / f C ) = (1-r) (1 + p Δf / f C ) e p Δf / fC + r (2)
図４左図のＦＦＴ分析による結果では、低周波数域に特定のピークが認められるが、これはほとんど全てのエンジン音で認められるピークであり、本結果から、当該エンジン音の音質を評価することは困難である。 In the result of FFT analysis in the left diagram of FIG. 4, a specific peak is recognized in the low frequency range, but this is a peak observed in almost all engine sounds. From this result, evaluate the sound quality of the engine sound. It is difficult.
図４中央図のLPC分析による結果では、当該エンジン音の周波数スペクトルエンベロープ（包絡線）が表示されている。ここでは、当該エンジン音において、FFT分析でも認められた低周波数域の特定のピーク以外の周波数成分上の特徴は認められない。 As a result of the LPC analysis in the central diagram of FIG. 4, the frequency spectrum envelope (envelope) of the engine sound is displayed. Here, in the engine sound, the characteristic on the frequency component other than the specific peak in the low frequency range, which is also recognized by the FFT analysis, is not recognized.
図4右図の結果は、内耳の中の“蝸牛”の機能を電気的なフィルタでモデル化して分析された結果であるので、物理的な分析手法であるFFT分析やLPC分析よりも、人間が聞いた感覚に近く、その特性に鋭いピークが認められたり、高周波数成分が強ければ、人間に不快感を与える可能性が高い。 The results on the right side of Fig. 4 are the results of analysis by modeling the function of the "cochlea" in the inner ear with an electrical filter, and therefore, rather than the physical analysis methods FFT analysis and LPC analysis, human If it is close to the sensation heard by, and a sharp peak is recognized in its characteristics, or if the high frequency component is strong, there is a high possibility that it will cause human discomfort.
本発明による図４右図のエキサイテーションパターンでは、点線で囲んだあたりの周波数領域に特徴的あ成分が認められる。500Hz-1kHzには2つのピークが見られ、これらの音を聞いた人に不快感を与える可能性がある。また、2kHz-5kHzあたりの成分が強く、やや甲高い不快な音成分が含まれていることが分かる。 In the excitation pattern shown in the right diagram of FIG. 4 according to the present invention, a characteristic component is recognized in the frequency region around the dotted line. Two peaks are seen at 500Hz-1kHz, which can be annoying to those who hear these sounds. Also, it can be seen that the components around 2kHz-5kHz are strong and contain a somewhat high-pitched unpleasant sound component.
車両音評価部３では、エキサイテーションパターン分析結果から、図4左図の500Hz-1kHzに見られるようなピークを検出したり、高周波数領域の成分の強さを検出し、ピークの鋭さや高周波数領域の強度から、不快音か否かを判定する。 The vehicle sound evaluation unit 3 detects peaks such as those seen at 500Hz-1kHz in the left diagram of Fig. 4 and the strength of high frequency components from the excitement pattern analysis results to detect peak sharpness and high peaks. Whether or not the sound is unpleasant is determined from the strength of the frequency domain.
実際の運用においては、様々なエンジン音に関して事前に聴覚心理実験を行って、被験者の主観評価や内観報告を得ておき、特に快適感もしくは不快感を与える可能性のあるエキサイテーションパターン特性のデータベースを作成し、車両音評価部３に記録しておくと良い。 In actual operation, a psychoacoustic experiment is conducted in advance on various engine sounds to obtain subject subjective evaluations and introspection reports, and a database of excitement pattern characteristics that may give a feeling of comfort or discomfort. Should be created and recorded in the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3.
その上で、音響センサ１で収音された当該車両のエンジン音を音響信号分析部２で分析し、車両音評価部３で、集音された音響信号の特性とデータベースに記録された特性との差分もしくはユークリッド距離等を求めて快適性の判定をするか、もしくはパターンマッチングなどの手法を用いて快適音（不快音）との差異を判定する。 Then, the engine signal of the vehicle collected by the acoustic sensor 1 is analyzed by the acoustic signal analysis unit 2, and the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3 analyzes the characteristics of the collected acoustic signals and the characteristics recorded in the database. Of the comfort sound (discomfort sound) is determined by using a method such as pattern matching or the like.
図５に、開発中のエンジンの音を本発明による車両音評価装置で分析している様子を例示する。音響センサ１はマイクロフォンであり、音響信号分析部２および車両音評価部３はタブレット端末内にプログラムソフトウェアとして内蔵されている。このような構成にすれば、開発現場等で頻繁に短時間でエンジン音の快適性評価が可能である。 FIG. 5 illustrates an example in which the sound of the engine under development is analyzed by the vehicle sound evaluation apparatus according to the present invention. The acoustic sensor 1 is a microphone, and the acoustic signal analysis unit 2 and the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3 are built in the tablet terminal as program software. With such a configuration, it is possible to frequently evaluate comfort of engine sound at a development site in a short time.
本実施例では、分析する音を、自動車のエンジン音としているが、エンジンそのものの音を分析よりは、消音装置（マフラー）を介した音を分析する方が、よりユーザーが感じる快適性を判断しやすい。よって、本車両音評価装置は、消音装置の性能試験にも有用である。 In the present embodiment, the sound to be analyzed is the engine sound of the automobile, but rather than analyzing the sound of the engine itself, analyzing the sound through the muffler determines the comfort that the user feels. It's easy to do. Therefore, the vehicle sound evaluation device is also useful for the performance test of the silencer.
図6には、車室内もしくは車外に音響センサ１を配置した様子である。この様な状態で、専用分析装置、タブレット端末、PCなどの形態で音響信号分析部２および車両音評価部３を構成すれば、車室内外の音の分析も可能である。 FIG. 6 shows a state in which the acoustic sensor 1 is arranged inside or outside the vehicle. In such a state, if the acoustic signal analysis unit 2 and the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3 are configured in the form of a dedicated analysis device, a tablet terminal, a PC, etc., it is possible to analyze the sound inside and outside the vehicle.
図6のような形態であれば、車両から発せられる音として、自動車車室内の空調機音、自動車のドアの開閉音、自動車車室内のシートの衣擦れ音もしくは摩擦音なども、同様に評価することが可能となる。 In the case of the form as shown in FIG. 6, as the sound emitted from the vehicle, the sound of the air conditioner in the vehicle compartment, the sound of opening and closing the door of the vehicle, the rubbing sound of the seat in the vehicle compartment, or the friction noise should be evaluated in the same manner. Is possible.
また、車室内外に音響センサ１を、車室内の任意の位置に音響信号分析部２および車両音評価部３を設置し、車両音評価部３の結果を運転者もしくは同乗者に明示できる構成にすれば、自動車等の車両のメーカーのみならず、自動車のユーザーにも、当該車両が発する音の評価結果を知らせることが出来る。 In addition, the acoustic sensor 1 is installed inside and outside the vehicle, and the acoustic signal analysis unit 2 and the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3 are installed at arbitrary positions in the vehicle interior, and the result of the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3 can be clearly shown to a driver or a passenger. By doing so, not only the manufacturer of a vehicle such as an automobile but also the user of the automobile can be notified of the evaluation result of the sound emitted by the vehicle.
例えば、カーナビゲーション装置に音響信号分析部２および車両音評価部３を組み込む構成とし、カーナビゲーション装置のモニターに車両音評価部３の評価結果を明示し、必要に応じて音声などで運転者もしくは同乗者に評価結果を知らせれば、ユーザーが自ら当該車両が発する音の快適性や不快感を知ることができる。 For example, the car navigation device is configured to incorporate the acoustic signal analysis unit 2 and the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3, the monitor of the car navigation device clearly indicates the evaluation result of the vehicle sound evaluation unit 3, and the driver or voice may be used as a voice if necessary. If the passenger is informed of the evaluation result, the user can know the comfort and discomfort of the sound emitted by the vehicle.
当該ユーザーは、前記快適性や不快感を自動車購入時の試乗の際の購入是非の判断材料とすることができる。また、走行中などの車室内の快適性から、自動車が発する音によるストレスや疲労感を、ユーザーが客観的に判断できる装置として構成することも可能である。 The user can use the comfort and the discomfort as a material for deciding whether or not to purchase the vehicle during a test drive when purchasing the vehicle. It is also possible to configure the device as a device that allows the user to objectively judge the stress and fatigue caused by the sound emitted by the automobile from the comfort of the passenger compartment such as while traveling.
１…音響センサ、２…音響信号分析部、 ３…車両音評価部、４…聴覚フィルタバンク、５…聴神経興奮パターン算出部。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Acoustic sensor, 2 ... Acoustic signal analysis part, 3 ... Vehicle sound evaluation part, 4 ... Auditory filter bank, 5 ... Auditory nerve excitation pattern calculation part.
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