JP6693770B2 - Ground improvement material and ground improvement method using the same - Google Patents

Ground improvement material and ground improvement method using the same Download PDF

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JP6693770B2
JP6693770B2 JP2016039939A JP2016039939A JP6693770B2 JP 6693770 B2 JP6693770 B2 JP 6693770B2 JP 2016039939 A JP2016039939 A JP 2016039939A JP 2016039939 A JP2016039939 A JP 2016039939A JP 6693770 B2 JP6693770 B2 JP 6693770B2
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ground improvement
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cement
calcium sulfite
improvement material
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JP2017155141A (en
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裕太 渡辺
裕太 渡辺
雅昭 渡辺
雅昭 渡辺
佐々木 崇
崇 佐々木
巧 串橋
巧 串橋
盛岡 実
実 盛岡
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Denka Co Ltd
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Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
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  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Description

本発明は、土とセメントを直接混合し、地盤を硬化、安定化させる地盤改良材およびその地盤改良工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a ground improvement material that directly mixes soil and cement to harden and stabilize the ground, and a ground improvement method therefor.

軟弱地盤のような不安定な地盤を改良するためには、軟弱な地盤を硬化、安定化させなければならない。その方法として、地盤改良材に水を混合したセメントスラリーを地盤に混合して固化させる方法、あるいは地盤改良材を粉体のまま直接地盤に混合して固化させる方法がある。このような工法として、地盤改良工法、山留め工法、基礎杭工法、埋め戻し工法などと呼ばれている。
地盤改良工法としては、深層混合処理工法または浅層混合処理工法などがあり、山留め工法はソイルセメント柱列壁工法、ソイルセメント地中壁工法などがあり、基礎杭工法の代表例は、鋼管ソイルセメント杭工法や鋼管の代わりにPHC杭などの既製杭を使用する合成杭工法などがある。
In order to improve unstable ground such as soft ground, soft ground must be hardened and stabilized. As a method therefor, there is a method of mixing a cement slurry obtained by mixing water with a ground improvement material into the ground to solidify it, or a method of mixing the ground improvement material as powder directly into the ground to solidify it. Such methods are called ground improvement method, mountain retaining method, foundation pile method, backfilling method, and the like.
Ground improvement methods include the deep layer mixing method and shallow layer mixing method, and the earth retaining method includes the soil cement column wall method and the soil cement underground wall method.A typical example of the foundation pile method is the steel pipe soil method. There is a cement pile method or a composite pile method that uses ready-made piles such as PHC piles instead of steel pipes.

これらの工法は、地盤改良材を地盤に注入または混合撹拌するとセメント粒子と土の粒子とが電気的作用により互いに凝集するために、粘性が上昇し、施工し難いという課題がある。また、粘性が高いと、注入した地盤改良材と同体積の地盤と混入したスライムを排泥できず、地盤中で圧力がかかり地盤が隆起し地表面が盤膨れしてしまうという課題があった(非特許文献1参照)。 These construction methods have a problem in that when the ground improvement material is poured into the ground or mixed and stirred, the cement particles and the particles of the soil agglomerate with each other due to an electric action, so that the viscosity increases and it is difficult to construct. In addition, if the viscosity is high, there is a problem that the soil with the same volume as the injected ground improvement material and the mixed slime cannot be discharged, pressure is applied in the ground and the ground rises and the ground surface swells. (See Non-Patent Document 1).

混合土の粘性を低下させるものとして、液状のものでは、ナフタレンスルホン酸塩ホルマリン縮合物、メラミンスルホン酸塩ホルマリン縮合物やポリカルボン酸系化合物等を含有する超高圧噴流注入工法用セメント添加剤が知られている(特許文献1参照)。
しかしながら、超高圧噴流注入工法用セメント添加剤は、砂質土や砂分の多いシルト地盤では、その効果がある程度認められるものの、粘性土地盤においては、粘性低下の効果が小さいために多量に添加する必要があり、強度発現性が向上しにくいという課題があった。
一方、混合土の粘性を低下させるものとして、粉体のものとしては、リン酸塩、アルカリ金属含有物(硫酸塩、亜硫酸塩、炭酸塩、重炭酸塩等)、有機酸、およびアンモニウム塩などを含有する物質を組み合わせたものが知られている(特許文献2〜7参照)。
In order to reduce the viscosity of mixed soil, in the liquid form, a cement additive for super high pressure jet injection method containing naphthalene sulfonate formalin condensate, melamine sulfonate formalin condensate, polycarboxylic acid compound, etc. It is known (see Patent Document 1).
However, although the effect of cement additives for ultra high-pressure jet injection method is recognized to some extent on sandy soil and silt soil, the effect of viscosity reduction is small on cohesive soil, so a large amount is added. However, there is a problem that strength development is difficult to improve.
On the other hand, as a powdery material for reducing the viscosity of the mixed soil, a phosphate, an alkali metal-containing material (sulfate, sulfite, carbonate, bicarbonate, etc.), an organic acid, an ammonium salt, etc. A combination of substances containing is known (see Patent Documents 2 to 7).

近年、セメント産業が各方面の産業副産物を原料として受け入れており、産業副産物に由来する微量成分が、セメントの品質に大きな影響を及ぼし、六価クロムの溶出量などにも大きな違いが出てくる。
特許文献8は、CaとSを含む化合物である多硫化カルシウムに生石灰などの固定化材に担持させて、改良処理土の強度の低下をもたらすことなく、有害重金属溶出を著しく抑制する機能を付加した地盤改良材を提供することを目的としている。この文献には、固定化材である生石灰に担持させた後、セメントやセッコウと混合する技術が開示されている。
特許文献9は、Ca(S)(OH)12・20HOおよび水酸化カルシウムを主成分とする重金属固定化剤であり、多硫化カルシウムとして市販の石灰硫黄合剤を用いることが記載されている。
しかしながら、これら文献には、混合土の粘性を低下させることについて記載はない。
In recent years, the cement industry has received industrial by-products from various fields as raw materials, and trace components derived from industrial by-products have a large impact on the quality of cement, and there is a large difference in the elution amount of hexavalent chromium. ..
Patent Document 8 adds a function of significantly suppressing elution of harmful heavy metals by causing calcium polysulfide, which is a compound containing Ca and S, to be carried on an immobilizing material such as quick lime, without lowering the strength of the improved treated soil. The purpose is to provide the improved ground improvement material. This document discloses a technique in which quicklime, which is an immobilizing material, is supported and then mixed with cement or gypsum.
Patent Document 9 is a heavy metal fixing agent containing Ca 8 S 5 (S 2 O 3 ) (OH) 12 · 20H 2 O and calcium hydroxide as main components, and a commercially available lime-sulfur mixture as calcium polysulfide. It is described to be used.
However, these documents do not describe reducing the viscosity of mixed soil.

坪井 直道、薬液注入工法の実際、第5〜9頁、昭和56年3月25日、鹿島出版会、改訂版第2刷発行Naomichi Tsuboi, Practice of chemical injection method, pages 5-9, March 25, 1981, Kashima Publishing Co., Ltd.

特開平06−127993号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-127993 特開平05−254903号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-254903 特開平06−206747号公報JP, 06-206747, A 特開平07−206495号公報JP, 07-206495, A 特開平07−069695号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-069695 特開2004−143041号公報JP 2004-143041A 特開平09−194835号公報JP, 09-194835, A 特開2001−342461号公報JP 2001-342461 A 特開2004−33839号公報JP, 2004-33839, A

従来の技術では、混合土の粘性を低下させる効果が少なく、高い粘性低減効果の付与と六価クロムの溶出量を抑えることが難しかった。
本発明は、特定の物質をセメントと事前に混合粉砕することにより、スライム(混合土)の流動化によって施工性が改善するだけでなく、六価クロム溶出量が低減する地盤改良材およびそれを用いた地盤改良工法を提供する。
In the conventional technique, the effect of lowering the viscosity of the mixed soil is small, and it is difficult to impart a high viscosity reducing effect and suppress the elution amount of hexavalent chromium.
The present invention, by mixing and grinding a specific substance in advance with cement, not only the workability is improved by the fluidization of the slime (mixed soil), but also the ground improvement material and hexavalent chromium elution amount is reduced and The ground improvement method used is provided.

すなわち、本発明は、(1)pH9.0以上であり、酸化還元電位(ORP)が50mv以下であり、MgO含有量が0.5%以上である亜硫酸カルシウムとセメントの混合粉砕物である地盤改良材、(2)さらに、石膏を含有してなる(1)の地盤改良材、(3)セメント100質量部に対し、亜硫酸カルシウムを0.01〜10質量部使用してなる(1)または(2)の地盤改良材、(4)亜硫酸カルシウムが石灰硫黄合剤を製造する際の副産物である(1)〜(3)のいずれかの地盤改良材、(5)(1)〜(4)のいずれかの地盤改良材を、土と混合して粘性を低下させる地盤改良工法、である。 That is, the present invention is (1) ground having a pH of 9.0 or more, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of 50 mv or less, and a mixed pulverized product of calcium sulfite and cement having a MgO content of 0.5% or more. Improvement material, (2) Further, ground improvement material of (1) containing gypsum, (3) 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of calcium sulfite per 100 parts by mass of cement (1) or (2) Ground improvement material, (4) Ground improvement material of any one of (1) to (3), which is a by-product when calcium sulfite is used to produce a lime-sulfur mixture, (5) (1) to (4) The ground improvement method of mixing any of the ground improvement materials of 1) with soil, and decreasing viscosity.

本発明の地盤改良材および地盤改良工法により、スライムの流動化によって施工性が改善するだけでなく、六価クロム溶出量が低減するなどの効果を奏する。 The ground improvement material and the ground improvement method of the present invention not only improve the workability by fluidizing slime, but also reduce the elution amount of hexavalent chromium.

以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で使用する部や%は特に規定のない限り質量基準である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Parts and% used in the present invention are based on mass unless otherwise specified.

本発明で使用する亜硫酸カルシウムは、pHは9.0以上である。pHは9.0以上の亜硫酸カルシウムとしては、石灰硫黄合剤を製造する際の副産物がある。
農薬の1種である石灰硫黄合剤は、主に果樹の農薬として用いられ、生石灰と硫黄と水を原料とし、オートクレーブで反応させる。固液分離した液体が石灰硫黄合剤となる。石灰硫黄合剤を製造する際の副産物として亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物があり、pHは9.0以上であることが知られている。
一方、試薬の亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物のpHは8.0以下の中性塩であり、石炭火力発電の排煙脱硫工程から生成する亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む石膏が得られるが、この物質のpHは酸性領域にある。
The calcium sulfite used in the present invention has a pH of 9.0 or higher. As calcium sulfite having a pH of 9.0 or higher, there is a by-product in producing a lime-sulfur mixture.
Lime-sulfur mixture, which is one kind of pesticide, is mainly used as a pesticide for fruit trees, and quicklime, sulfur and water are used as raw materials and reacted in an autoclave. The solid-liquid separated liquid becomes the lime-sulfur mixture. Calcium sulfite hemihydrate is known as a by-product in producing a lime-sulfur mixture, and its pH is known to be 9.0 or higher.
On the other hand, the pH of the reagent calcium sulfite hemihydrate is a neutral salt of 8.0 or less, and gypsum containing calcium sulfite hemihydrate produced from the flue gas desulfurization step of coal-fired power generation can be obtained. The pH of the substance is in the acidic range.

本発明で使用する亜硫酸カルシウムのpHがアルカリ性領域であることは、極めて重要である。pHが9.0未満では、本発明の効果、すなわち、流動性の向上や六価クロムの還元効果、さらには強度発現性が十分に得られない場合がある。
なお、本発明で云うpHとは、石灰硫黄合剤の副産物などの亜硫酸カルシウム10gに純水100mlを加え、撹拌した後の上澄み液のpHを意味し、イオン電極式pH計を用いることで測定することが出来る。
It is extremely important that the pH of calcium sulfite used in the present invention is in the alkaline range. When the pH is less than 9.0, the effect of the present invention, that is, the effect of improving the fluidity, the effect of reducing hexavalent chromium, and the strength developing property may not be sufficiently obtained in some cases.
The pH referred to in the present invention means the pH of the supernatant after adding 100 ml of pure water to 10 g of calcium sulfite such as a by-product of a lime-sulfur mixture and measuring it by using an ion electrode type pH meter. You can do it.

本発明で使用する亜硫酸カルシウムの酸化還元電位(ORP)が、50mv以下の範囲にある。試薬の亜硫酸カルシウムのORPは、ほぼ100mvである。酸化還元電位が50mv以下の範囲にないと、本発明の効果、すなわち、流動性の向上や六価クロムの還元効果、さらには強度発現性が十分に得られない場合がある。
なお、本発明で云うORPとは、石灰硫黄合剤の副産物などの亜硫酸カルシウム10gに純水100mlを加え、撹拌した後の上澄み液のORPを意味する。
The redox potential (ORP) of calcium sulfite used in the present invention is in the range of 50 mv or less. The ORP of the reagent calcium sulfite is approximately 100 mv. If the redox potential is not within the range of 50 mv or less, the effects of the present invention, that is, the improvement of fluidity, the effect of reducing hexavalent chromium, and the strength development may not be sufficiently obtained.
The ORP in the present invention means ORP of the supernatant after adding 100 ml of pure water to 10 g of calcium sulfite such as a by-product of lime-sulfur mixture and stirring.

本発明の亜硫酸カルシウムには、MgO換算で0.5〜2.0%の範囲でMgが含まれる。Mgの含有量がMgO換算で0.5%未満であると、本発明の効果、すなわち、流動性の向上や六価クロムの還元効果、さらには強度発現性が十分に得られない場合がある。   The calcium sulfite of the present invention contains Mg in the range of 0.5 to 2.0% in terms of MgO. When the content of Mg is less than 0.5% in terms of MgO, the effect of the present invention, that is, the effect of improving the fluidity, the effect of reducing hexavalent chromium, and the strength development may not be sufficiently obtained in some cases. ..

本発明の亜硫酸カルシウムの使用量は、特に限定されるものではないが、通常、セメント100部に対し、0.01〜10部が好ましく、0.1〜5部がより好ましい。亜硫カルシウムの使用量が0.01部より少ないと、本発明の効果、すなわち、スライムの流動性の向上や六価クロムの還元効果が十分に得られない場合がある。   The amount of calcium sulfite used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but usually 0.01 to 10 parts is preferable, and 0.1 to 5 parts is more preferable, relative to 100 parts of cement. If the amount of calcium sulfite used is less than 0.01 part, the effect of the present invention, that is, the fluidity of slime and the effect of reducing hexavalent chromium may not be sufficiently obtained.

本発明で使用するセメントとしては、普通、早強、超早強、低熱、および中庸熱などの各種ポルトランドセメントや、これらポルトランドセメントに、高炉スラグ、フライアッシュまたはシリカを混合した各種混合セメント、石灰石粉末や高炉徐冷スラグ微粉末などを混合したフィラーセメント、ならびに、都市ゴミ焼却灰や下水汚泥焼却灰を原料として製造された環境調和型セメント(エコセメント)などのポルトランドセメント、ならびに、市販されている微粒子セメントなどが挙げられ、これらのうちの一種または二種以上が使用可能である。また、通常セメントに使用されている成分量を増減して調整されたものも使用可能である。   As the cement used in the present invention, normal, early strength, super early strength, low heat, and various portland cement such as moderate heat, and these portland cement, blast furnace slag, various mixed cements mixed with fly ash or silica, limestone Filler cement mixed with powder and blast furnace slowly cooled slag fine powder, Portland cement such as environmentally friendly cement (eco-cement) manufactured from municipal waste incineration ash and sewage sludge incineration ash, as well as commercially available Examples include fine particle cement, and one or more of these can be used. Further, it is also possible to use the one which is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of the components usually used in cement.

本発明で使用する石膏としては、無水石膏、半水石膏および二水石膏が上げられ、また、天然石膏やリン酸副生石膏、排脱石膏及びフッ酸副生石膏等の化学石膏、またはこれらを熱処理して得られる石膏などが挙げられる。これらの中では、強度発現性が大きい点で、無水石膏が好ましい。   Examples of the gypsum used in the present invention include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum and dihydrate gypsum, and also natural gypsum and chemical gypsum such as phosphoric acid byproduct gypsum, exhausted gypsum and hydrofluoric acid byproduct gypsum, or heat treatment of these. The gypsum etc. obtained by doing. Among these, anhydrous gypsum is preferred because of its high strength development.

本発明に使用する石膏のブレーン比表面積(以下、ブレーン値と云う)は、3,000cm/g以上が好ましく、4,000〜7,000cm/gがより好ましい。石膏のブレーン値が3,000cm/gより小さいと、強度発現が十分に得られない場合がある。
本発明に使用する亜硫酸カルシウムとセメントの混合粉砕物である地盤改良材に対し、石膏の使用量は、セメント100部に対し、1〜35部が好ましい。この範囲外の添加量では、強度発現が十分に得られない場合がある。
The gypsum used in the present invention has a Blaine specific surface area (hereinafter referred to as Blaine value) of preferably 3,000 cm 2 / g or more, more preferably 4,000 to 7,000 cm 2 / g. When the Blaine value of gypsum is less than 3,000 cm 2 / g, sufficient strength development may not be obtained.
The amount of gypsum used is preferably 1 to 35 parts per 100 parts of cement with respect to the ground improvement material which is a mixed pulverized product of calcium sulfite and cement used in the present invention. If the addition amount is outside this range, sufficient strength may not be obtained.

本発明の地盤改良材は、特定の亜硫酸カルシウムとセメント、または、さらに石膏を加えて、混合粉砕して地盤改良材を調製する。
本発明で使用する混合粉砕の方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ボールミル、ジェットミル、振動ミル、遊星ミル、ローラーミルを使用することが可能である。
混合粉砕した地盤改良材は、ブレーン値で、3000〜6000cm/gとすることが好ましい。3000cm/g未満では本発明の効果、すなわち六価クロムの還元効果、さらには強度発現性が十分に得られない場合がある、6000cm/gを超えるとスライムの粘性が増加する場合がある。
The ground improvement material of the present invention is prepared by adding specific calcium sulfite and cement, or gypsum, and mixing and pulverizing the ground improvement material.
The method of mixing and pulverizing used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, a ball mill, a jet mill, a vibration mill, a planetary mill or a roller mill can be used.
The ground improvement material that has been mixed and pulverized preferably has a Blaine value of 3000 to 6000 cm 2 / g. 3000cm effects of the present invention is less than 2 / g, i.e. hexavalent chromium reduction effects, more in some cases strength development can not be sufficiently obtained in some cases slime viscosity increases exceeding 6000 cm 2 / g ..

本発明で使用する水の使用量は、土の含水比等で異なり、特に限定されるものではないが、通常、セメント100部に対して、30〜500部が好ましく、50〜300部がより好ましい。30部未満ではスライムの流動性が小さく、500部を超えると強度発現性を阻害する場合がある。 The amount of water used in the present invention varies depending on the water content ratio of soil and the like, and is not particularly limited, but usually 30 to 500 parts is preferable, and 50 to 300 parts is more preferable for 100 parts of cement. preferable. If it is less than 30 parts, the fluidity of slime is small, and if it exceeds 500 parts, strength development may be impaired.

さらに、スライムの粘性を低下させるものとして、リン酸塩、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、オキシカルボン酸類があり、これらを併用することも可能である。
また、ナフタレン類、メラミン類、アミノスルホン酸類、ポリカルボン酸類またはポリエーテル類からなる1種または2種の液体減水剤を併用することでさらなる流動性の向上を図ることができる。ナフタレン類、メラミン類、アミノスルホン酸類、ポリカルボン酸類またはポリエーテル類としては、分子量や重合度など特に限定されるものではない。
Furthermore, there are phosphates, alkali metal carbonates, and oxycarboxylic acids that reduce the viscosity of slime, and these can be used in combination.
Further, by further using one or two kinds of liquid water reducing agents composed of naphthalenes, melamines, aminosulfonic acids, polycarboxylic acids or polyethers, it is possible to further improve the fluidity. The naphthalene, melamine, aminosulfonic acid, polycarboxylic acid or polyether is not particularly limited in terms of molecular weight and degree of polymerization.

軟弱地盤のような不安定な地盤を改良するためには、軟弱な地盤を硬化、安定化させなければならない。この地盤を安定化させる方法として、例えば、地盤改良材に水を混合したセメントミルクを高圧で地中深くに噴射し、土と混合して固化させる工法、あるいは地盤改良材を粉体のまま直接土と混合して固化させる工法がある。これら方法について以下に記す。
例えば、セメントミルクを高圧で噴射する工法は、地中にセメントミルクを噴射する管を挿入し、管を回転させながら管先端付近からセメントミルクを高圧噴射し、地中の土を切削すると同時に、切削された土とセメントミルクとが混合された混合土を別の管内を通して地上へ排出しながら、一定速度で管を上昇させ、地中をセメントミルクと土との混合物で置換して硬化させ、地盤を安定化させる工法、また、セメントミルクを噴射する管に撹拌翼が付属したものを地中に回転・貫入させ、回転翼付近からセメントミルクを噴射させ、土とセメントミルクを機械撹拌・混合しセメントミルクと土との混合物で置換して硬化させ、地盤を安定化させる工法である。
本発明の混合や攪拌の条件は、地中に高圧噴射する前に本地盤改良材と水とが混合されていれば特に限定するものではないが、本地盤改良材と水とを、回転数10〜1000rpm 程度で回転するグラウトミキサーにより混合するバッチ混合方式や、管内に羽根を設置しているラインミキサーにより混合する連続混合方式等により混合や攪拌が可能である。
地盤改良材を粉体のまま直接土と混合する工法は、地盤改良材を所望の添加量になるように地表表面に敷きならし、バックホウやスタビライザーに代表される混合施工機械を用い、土と地盤改良材の混合物で置換し、転圧・締め固めをする事で硬化させ、地盤を安定化させる工法である。
In order to improve unstable ground such as soft ground, soft ground must be hardened and stabilized. As a method for stabilizing this ground, for example, a method of injecting cement milk mixed with water into a ground improvement material deep into the ground at high pressure and mixing with soil to solidify, or a ground improvement material directly as a powder There is a method of mixing with soil to solidify. These methods will be described below.
For example, the method of injecting cement milk at high pressure is to insert a pipe that injects cement milk into the ground, and while rotating the pipe, inject high pressure cement milk from near the tip of the pipe to simultaneously cut the soil in the ground. While discharging the mixed soil obtained by mixing the cut soil and cement milk to the ground through another pipe, raise the pipe at a constant speed, replace the ground with a mixture of cement milk and soil, and cure, A method of stabilizing the ground, and rotating and penetrating a cement milk injection pipe with a stirring blade attached to the ground, injecting cement milk from the vicinity of the rotating blade, and mechanically stirring and mixing soil and cement milk. This is a method of stabilizing the ground by replacing it with a mixture of cement milk and soil and hardening it.
The conditions of mixing and stirring of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the ground improvement material and water are mixed before high-pressure injection into the ground, but the ground improvement material and the water are Mixing and stirring can be performed by a batch mixing method in which a grout mixer rotating at about 10 to 1000 rpm is used, or a continuous mixing method in which a line mixer having blades inside the tube is used for mixing.
The method of mixing the ground improvement material directly with the soil as powder is laying the ground improvement material on the surface of the ground so that the desired addition amount is obtained, and using a mixing construction machine typified by a backhoe and a stabilizer, It is a method to stabilize the ground by replacing it with a mixture of ground improvement materials and then compacting it by compaction and compaction.

以下、実験例を挙げてさらに詳細に内容を説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the contents will be described in more detail with reference to experimental examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

「実験例1」
セメント100部に対して、石膏15部、AからFのいずれかの亜硫酸カルシウムを2部を、ボールミルで混合粉砕してブレーン値4630cm/gとした地盤改良材に、水100部を混合してスラリーを作製する。そのセメントスラリー0.5リットルに対して以下に示す土1リットルをモルタルミキサで低速1分間混合して得られたスライムの粘度、六価クロム溶出量、圧縮強度を測定した。更に、亜硫酸カルシウムを添加しないもの、亜硫酸カルシウムの替わりに液体減水剤を2部添加したもの、Aの亜硫酸カルシウムを事前に混合粉砕していないものを比較例とした。
"Experimental example 1"
To 100 parts of cement, 15 parts of gypsum and 2 parts of calcium sulfite of any of A to F were mixed and ground in a ball mill to a ground improvement material having a Blaine value of 4630 cm 2 / g, and 100 parts of water was mixed. To produce a slurry. 1 liter of the following soil was mixed with 0.5 liter of the cement slurry with a mortar mixer at a low speed for 1 minute, and the viscosity of slime obtained, the elution amount of hexavalent chromium, and the compressive strength were measured. Further, comparative examples were those in which calcium sulfite was not added, those in which 2 parts of a liquid water reducing agent was added in place of calcium sulfite, and those in which calcium sulfite A of A was not mixed and ground in advance.

「使用材料」
土:新潟県長岡市産粘性土、密度1.7g/ cm3、含水比46%
セメント:普通ポルトランドセメント、デンカ社製
石膏:二水石膏、神岡鉱業社製、ブレーン値 4220cm/g
亜硫酸カルシウムA:石灰硫黄合剤の副産物、亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物の含有量82%、pHが10.5、酸化還元電位30mv、MgO含有量が1.0%、ブレーン値2420cm/g。
亜硫酸カルシウムB:石灰硫黄合剤の副産物、亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物の含有量80%、pHが10.0、酸化還元電位35mv、MgO含有量が1.0%、ブレーン値2380cm/g。
亜硫酸カルシウムC:石灰硫黄合剤の副産物、亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物の含有量79%、pHが9.5、酸化還元電位45mv、MgO含有量が1.0%、ブレーン値2450
cm/g。
亜硫酸カルシウムD:石灰硫黄合剤の副産物、亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物の含有量88%、pHが9.0、酸化還元電位50mv、MgO含有量が1.0%、ブレーン値2610
cm/g。
亜硫酸カルシウムE:石灰硫黄合剤の副産物、亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物の含有量76%、pHが10.0、酸化還元電位35mv、MgO含有量が0.5%、ブレーン値2570cm/g。
亜硫酸カルシウムF:試薬1級の亜硫酸カルシウム半水和物、pHが7.7、酸化還元電位100mv、MgO含有量が0.1%未満、ブレーン値2910cm/g。
液体減水剤:ナフタレンスルホン酸塩系減水剤、デンカ社製、商品名「FT−500V」、ナフタレンスルホン酸含有率40%
"Materials used"
Soil: Cohesive soil from Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture, density 1.7g / cm 3 , moisture content 46%
Cement: Normal Portland cement, Denka plaster: Gypsum dihydrate, Kamioka Mining Co., Blaine value 4220 cm 2 / g
Calcium sulfite A: By-product of lime-sulfur mixture, content of calcium sulfite hemihydrate 82%, pH 10.5, redox potential 30 mv, MgO content 1.0%, Blaine value 2420 cm 2 / g.
Calcium sulfite B: content of calcium sulfite hemihydrate by-product of lime-sulfur mixture, pH 10.0, redox potential 35 mv, MgO content 1.0%, Blaine value 2380 cm 2 / g.
Calcium sulfite C: By-product of lime-sulfur mixture, content of calcium sulfite hemihydrate 79%, pH 9.5, redox potential 45 mv, MgO content 1.0%, Blaine value 2450.
cm 2 / g.
Calcium sulfite D: By-product of lime-sulfur mixture, content of calcium sulfite hemihydrate is 88%, pH is 9.0, redox potential is 50 mv, MgO content is 1.0%, Blaine value 2610.
cm 2 / g.
Calcium sulfite E: content of calcium sulfite hemihydrate byproduct of lime-sulfur mixture, 76%, pH 10.0, redox potential 35 mv, MgO content 0.5%, Blaine value 2570 cm 2 / g.
Calcium sulfite F: first-grade calcium sulfite hemihydrate, pH 7.7, redox potential 100 mv, MgO content less than 0.1%, Blaine value 2910 cm 2 / g.
Liquid water reducing agent: naphthalene sulfonate water reducing agent, manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd., trade name "FT-500V", naphthalene sulfonic acid content 40%

「試験方法」
粘度:混合したスライムの直後の粘度をB型粘度計で測定
六価クロム溶出量:混合したスライムをφ5×10cmの型枠に詰めて、水が飛ばないようにビニール袋で封緘にして20℃で材齢7日まで養生する。その後、環境庁第46号法に従って測定した。
圧縮強度:混合したスライムをφ5×10cmの型枠に詰めて、水が飛ばないようにビニール袋で封緘にして20℃で材齢28日まで養生後、JIS A 1216の方法に準拠して圧縮強度試験機にて測定した。
"Test method"
Viscosity: Viscosity immediately after mixed slime is measured with a B-type viscometer Hexavalent chromium elution amount: Packed mixed slime in a φ5 × 10 cm mold and seal it in a plastic bag to prevent water from splashing at 20 ° C. The material is aged for up to 7 days. Then, it measured according to Environmental Agency No. 46 method.
Compressive strength: The mixed slime is packed into a φ5 × 10 cm mold, sealed in a plastic bag to prevent water from splashing, and cured at 20 ° C. for up to 28 days of age, and then compressed according to JIS A 1216. It was measured with a strength tester.

Figure 0006693770
Figure 0006693770

表1より、本発明の地盤安定化材を使用することで、スライムの粘性を低減させ、六価クロム溶出量を減らしながら、さらに強度性状が良好であることが分かる。   From Table 1, it can be seen that by using the ground stabilization material of the present invention, the viscosity of slime is reduced and the elution amount of hexavalent chromium is reduced, and the strength property is further improved.

「実験例2」
本発明の地盤改良材Aを使用し、亜硫酸カルシウムの使用量を表2に示すように変化したこと以外は実験例1と同様に行った。結果を表2に示す。
"Experimental example 2"
The same procedure as in Experimental Example 1 was performed except that the ground improvement material A of the present invention was used and the amount of calcium sulfite used was changed as shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2.

Figure 0006693770
Figure 0006693770

表2より、本発明の地盤改良材を使用することにより、スライムの粘度が低減し、六価クロム溶出量を減らしながら、さらに強度性状が良好であることが分かる。   From Table 2, it can be seen that by using the ground improvement material of the present invention, the viscosity of slime is reduced, the elution amount of hexavalent chromium is reduced, and the strength property is further improved.

「実験例3」
セメント100部に対して、亜硫酸カルシウム2部、石膏量を表3に示すように変化させ、事前混合・粉砕したこと以外は実験例1と同様に行った。結果を表3に示す。
"Experimental example 3"
With respect to 100 parts of cement, 2 parts of calcium sulfite and the amount of gypsum were changed as shown in Table 3, and the same operation as in Experimental Example 1 was carried out except that pre-mixing and grinding were performed. The results are shown in Table 3.

Figure 0006693770
Figure 0006693770

表3より、本発明の地盤改良材を使用することにより、強度性状が良好であることが分かる。   From Table 3, it can be seen that the strength property is good by using the ground improvement material of the present invention.

本発明の地盤改良材、および地盤安定化工法により、スライムの流動化によって施工性が改善するだけでなく、六価クロム溶出量が低減するので、環境に配慮した材料を提供することが可能となり、土木、建築分野に好適である。 By the ground improvement material and ground stabilization method of the present invention, not only the workability is improved by fluidization of slime, but also the hexavalent chromium elution amount is reduced, which makes it possible to provide an environment-friendly material. Suitable for civil engineering and construction fields.

Claims (4)

pH9.0以上であり、酸化還元電位(ORP)が50mv以下であり、MgO含有量が0.5%以上である亜硫酸カルシウムとセメントの混合粉砕物であり、
セメント100質量部に対し、亜硫酸カルシウムを0.01〜10質量部含む、地盤改良材。
and at pH9.0 or higher, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is not more than 50 mv, Ri ground mixture der calcium sulfite and cement MgO content is 0.5% or more,
A ground improvement material containing 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of calcium sulfite with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement .
さらに、石膏を含有してなる請求項1に記載の地盤改良材。 The ground improvement material according to claim 1, further comprising gypsum. 亜硫酸カルシウムが石灰硫黄合剤を製造する際の副産物である請求項1または請求項2に記載の地盤改良材。 The ground improvement material according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein calcium sulfite is a by-product in producing the lime-sulfur mixture. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の地盤改良材を、土と混合して粘性を低下させる地盤改良工法。 A ground improvement method for mixing the ground improvement material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 with soil to reduce viscosity.
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