JP6692274B2 - Breaker structure of vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a breaker structure for a vertical crusher.

  A vertical crusher is used to crush lumped industrial waste such as discarded home appliances.

  The vertical crusher includes a rotor that is rotatably supported by a rotating shaft that rotates around a vertical axis and that has a crushing mechanism, a tubular shell that is arranged radially outside the rotor and that is concentric with the vertical axis, and a rotor. Is equipped with a breaker and the like, which is arranged on the upper part of and is pivotally supported by the rotating shaft.

  The block-shaped waste put into the inside of the cylindrical shell is first struck by a breaker to be roughly crushed, and then between the shell liner attached to the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical shell and the crushing mechanism provided in the rotor. It is ruptured and broken into pieces, and falls into the discharge ring located under the rotor.

  The debris that has fallen onto the discharge ring is swept out from the opening formed in the peripheral wall of the discharge ring to the discharge part by the sweep of the sweeper that is supported coaxially with the rotating shaft.

  Patent Document 1 proposes a vertical crusher in which a breaker (expressed as a “knocker” in Patent Document 1), a rotor, and a sweeper can rotate around a vertical axis.

  The vertical crusher has a pair of bosses that are axially supported by a rotary shaft, arm portions that extend radially from the boss portions, and a breaker liner that is attached to the distal end side of the arm portions. It incorporates a breaker structure with breakers.

  In the breaker structure, the pair of breakers are arranged so as to form a relative angle of 180 ° in a plan view, and are arranged vertically adjacent to each other along the rotation axis.

  Patent Document 2 also discloses a vertical crusher having a breaker structure similar to the breaker structure disclosed in Patent Document 1.

Registered Utility Model No. 3059207 Japanese Patent No. 3569208

  In the conventional breaker structure described above, the crushed object placed in the space formed between the pair of breakers arranged at a relative angle of 180 ° in a plan view causes the crushed object to move to either the top or bottom of the breaker as the breaker rotates. It is configured to be hit by a liner and coarsely crushed, and is guided to the gap between the shell liner and the rotor for further crushing treatment.The large lumps are first struck by the upper breaker liner to be roughly crushed and coarsely crushed. The material to be crushed is subsequently struck by the breaker liner below and further crushed.

  For home appliances such as large refrigerators and washing machines where the crushed material is discarded, the crushed material fits into a relatively large space formed between a pair of arm parts, so that the Although it becomes crushed, it may not be possible to expect improvement in crushing efficiency with such a breaker structure depending on the size and hardness of the crushed object.

  For example, when crushing a waste material having a flexible material or a shape that easily bites, it is composed of three or more breakers that are arranged at equal intervals in a plan view and are vertically adjacent to each other along the rotation axis. The inventors of the present application have found that the breaker structure improves the crushing efficiency as compared with the conventional one. Here, the crushing efficiency means the crushing amount per unit time when crushing with the same power.

  However, if the breakers used in the conventional breaker structure are stacked in three layers in the vertical direction, the size will increase in the vertical direction, and simply manufacturing the corresponding rotary shaft, tubular shell and shell liner will increase the product cost. Not only that, but there was a problem that the power cost would increase. In particular, if a large-scale structure such as a cylindrical shell that constitutes a vertical crusher is used in common, the cost reduction effect tends to increase.

  Therefore, if the thickness of the breaker in the vertical direction is reduced to make a large structure such as a tubular shell common, there is a problem that the impact force against the crushed object is reduced and the crushing efficiency is reduced.

  In view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, an object of the present invention is to make a large-sized component such as a tubular shell in common, and to flexibly cope with it without reducing the impact force against the crushed object. The point is to provide the breaker structure of the crusher.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first characteristic configuration of the breaker structure of the vertical crusher according to the present invention is, as described in claim 1 of the claims, a rotary shaft that rotates about the vertical axis. A rotor provided with a crushing mechanism, a cylindrical shell arranged radially outside the rotor concentrically with the vertical axis, and a rotor provided on the rotor and axially supported on the rotary shaft. A breaker structure of a vertical crusher configured by including: a breaker, the breaker having a boss portion axially supported by the rotary shaft, and extending in a radial direction from the boss portion. An arm portion and a breaker liner provided on the distal end side of the arm portion are provided, and a plurality of the breakers are arranged vertically adjacent to the rotation shaft, and at least the vertically adjacent breaker liners are provided. As part of the rotation trajectory overlaps In that it is arranged.

  The bosses of the breaker are arranged on the rotating shaft so as to be adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, and the arm extending radially from the boss rotates along the rotation of the rotating shaft so as to draw a cylindrical rotation locus. At this time, if the thickness of the bosses is adjusted according to the number of breakers, the vertical thicknesses of all the bosses that are vertically adjacent can be installed in a vertical crusher that uses the conventional breaker structure. It is possible to make common the main structures such as the cylindrical shells that constitute the mold crusher. Then, if the breaker liner is attached to the arm portion so that at least a part of the cylindrical rotation loci of the breaker liners vertically adjacent to each other overlap, the vertical thickness of the breaker liner needs to be reduced according to the thickness of the boss portion. Since it does not exist, it becomes possible to avoid a reduction in the impact force on the crushed object.

  The second characteristic structure is, in addition to the first characteristic structure described above, formed such that the vertical thickness of the arm portion is thicker than the thickness of the boss portion. The points of rotation of the vertically adjacent arms are arranged so as to overlap each other.

  Similar to the first characteristic configuration, the thickness of the boss is adjusted according to the number of breakers, and the vertical thickness of all bosses that are vertically adjacent is also installed on a vertical crusher that uses the conventional breaker structure. Therefore, the main structures such as the cylindrical shells constituting the vertical crusher can be shared. Moreover, if the arms are arranged so that the cylindrical loci of adjacent arms vertically overlap each other, there is no need to reduce the thickness of the arms in the vertical direction to match the thickness of the boss. It is also possible to avoid a decrease in the physical strength.

  The third characteristic configuration is, in addition to the first or second characteristic configuration described above, in addition to the first or second characteristic configuration described above, the base end surface of one arm portion of the breakers adjacent to each other and the circumference of the other boss portion. It is located so that it abuts the surface.

  The breakers placed adjacent to each other have the peripheral surface of one of the bosses and the base end surface of one of the arms abutting each other, so that the breaker acts on each arm by the collision with the crushed object. The impact force in the direction is received, and sufficient strength can be secured.

  As described in claim 4, the fourth characteristic configuration is, in addition to any one of the first to third characteristic configurations described above, a radial length of a rotation locus of each breaker liner from the longitudinal axis. Are set to the same value.

  The object to be crushed, which is hit by the breaker liner and roughly crushed, moves toward the shell liner by centrifugal force, fits into the gap between the shell liner and the breaker liner, and is further crushed. Since the upper end of the tubular shell covered with the shell liner is expanded from the lower end, if the radial length of the rotation locus of each breaker liner is set to the same value from the vertical axis, The breaker liner has a wider gap between the shell liner and the breaker liner, and the lower breaker liner has a narrower gap between the shell liner and the breaker liner. Therefore, of the coarsely crushed objects to be crushed, those with a large diameter are crushed in the gap between the upper breaker liner and the shell liner, and those with a smaller diameter are in the lower gap between the breaker liner and shell liner. As a result of being crushed, the roughly crushed object to be crushed can be efficiently crushed in the gap between the breaker liners arranged above and below and the opposing shell liner.

  As described in claim 5, the fifth characteristic configuration is, in addition to any one of the first to third characteristic configurations described above, a radial length of a rotation locus of each breaker liner from the longitudinal axis. Are formed to have different lengths.

  Similar to the above, the object to be crushed, which has been roughly crushed by being hit by the breaker liner, moves toward the shell liner by the centrifugal force, is fitted into the gap between the shell liner and the breaker liner, and is further crushed. Since the cylindrical shell covered with the shell liner has a diameter expanded from the lower end to the upper end, if the radial lengths of the rotational trajectories of each breaker liner are set to different lengths from the vertical axis, Adjust all gaps between the breaker liner and the opposing shell liner to be constant, narrow the gap between the breaker liner and the opposing shell liner, or increase the gap between the breaker liner and the opposing shell liner. The gap between them can be narrowed, and the crushing efficiency can be improved according to the property of the crushed object.

  The sixth characteristic configuration is, in addition to the characteristic configuration according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, as described in the sixth aspect, the breaker includes three breakers vertically adjacent to the rotation shaft or Four breakers are arranged, and each breaker is arranged at an equal angle in the rotation direction.

  While trying to share a large structure such as a cylindrical shell used in a vertical crusher that employs a breaker structure with two breakers arranged, the crushing efficiency increases depending on the properties of the crushed object. A breaker structure in which four breakers are arranged can be adopted.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the breaker of the vertical crusher that can flexibly cope with the commonization of large parts such as the tubular shell without lowering the impact force against the crushed object is provided. The structure can now be provided.

(A) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of the vertical crusher, and (b) is a plan view showing the breaker structure of the vertical crusher. (A) is a perspective view of a breaker structure, (b) is an exploded perspective view of the same. (A) is an explanatory view of an upper breaker, (b) is an explanatory view of a middle breaker, and (c) is an explanatory view of a lower breaker. (A) is a plan view showing a breaker structure without a breaker liner, and (b) and (c) are side views of the same. Perspective view showing a conventional breaker structure

The vertical crusher and the breaker structure of the vertical crusher will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), a vertical crusher 1 is a device for crushing lumpy structures such as discarded electric home appliances, and a rotary shaft 2 rotatably supported around a vertical axis P. A discharge ring 60 and a tubular shell 20 arranged coaxially with the rotary shaft 2, a breaker mechanism 30 housed in the tubular shell 20 and rotating integrally with the rotary shaft 2, and a rotor 40. .

  The rotary shaft 2 is fixed to the device frame 6 via a pair of upper and lower bearings 4U and 4L, and a drive transmission pulley 3 is fixed between the upper and lower bearings 4U and 4L. A V-belt is wound around the pulley 3 so that power from a rotation shaft of a motor (not shown) is transmitted.

  The discharge ring 60 is fixed to the device frame 6 so as to be coaxial with the rotary shaft 2, and the cylindrical shell 20 formed so that the upper end side is expanded in diameter is arranged above the discharge ring 60.

  On the inner peripheral portion of the tubular shell 20, upper and lower two-stage shell liners 21 and 22 having ribs formed so as to extend in the vertical direction are arranged, and face the shell liners 21 and 22 with a gap therebetween. Inside the cylindrical shell 20, a breaker mechanism 30 and a rotor 40 that are arranged so as to be rotatable integrally with the rotating shaft 2 are arranged.

  The breaker mechanism 30 includes a disk-shaped base 31 and three breakers 32 arranged on the base 31 at an angle of 120 ° in a plan view and vertically adjacent to the rotary shaft 2. It is configured.

  The rotor 40 includes a pair of upper and lower disc-shaped bases 41, and a plurality of grinders 43 arranged so as to freely rotate around a rotation shaft 42 along the circumferential direction of the base 41 so as to be sandwiched between the upper and lower bases 41. And is configured.

  The inner peripheral wall of the discharge ring 60 is covered with a discharge ring liner 61, and a sweeper 50 which is rotatable integrally with the rotary shaft 2 is arranged inside the discharge ring liner 61. The sweep surface of the sweeper 50 is covered with a sweeper liner 51.

  The crushed object dropped and supplied from above the cylindrical shell 20 is struck by a breaker mechanism 30 rotating with the rotary shaft 2 to be roughly crushed, and further enters a gap between the upper shell liner 21 and the breaker 30 to further finely crush it. It is crushed, and then falls into the gap formed between the rotor 40 and the lower shell liner 22. At this time, in order to suppress wear of the base 31, a radial buildup 36 is formed on the upper surface of the base 31. The hatched portions in FIGS. 1 (b) and 4 (a) are overlay portions.

  The crushed pieces that have been crushed into smaller pieces between the rotor 40 and the lower shell liner 22 fall on the discharge ring 60, and are swept by the sweeper 50 that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 2 and the peripheral portion of the discharge ring 60. It is discharged to the outside from the discharge port formed in the. That is, the breaker mechanism 30, the rotor 40, and the shell liners 21 and 22 form a crushing mechanism.

  1A and 1B and FIGS. 2A and 2B show the structure of the breaker mechanism 30 of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as "breaker structure"). Each breaker 32 incorporated into the breaker structure is provided with a boss portion 33 fitted and supported on the rotary shaft 2, an arm portion 34 extending radially from the boss portion 33, and a tip end side of the arm portion 34. And a breaker liner 35. Further, a protrusion 37 for shaking off the crushed object is formed on the upper surface of the arm portion 34.

  The breaker liner 35 is attached so as to slightly project in the radial direction from the tip of the arm portion 34, and is formed to be slightly thicker than the vertical width of the arm portion 34.

  Mounting holes h3 and h4 are formed through the breaker liner 35 in the width direction, and a counter bore portion 35a for accommodating the head of the bolt in a non-rotating state is formed on the striking surface side. Further, two through holes h1 and h2 are formed in the left and right width directions of each arm portion 34. Bolts are inserted into the through holes h1 and h2 from the mounting holes h3 and h4 formed in the breaker liner 35, and the through holes h1 and h2 are fastened with nuts. In FIG. 1B, the through holes h1 and h2, the mounting holes h3 and h4, and the countersink portion 35a are indicated by broken lines.

  In the breaker structure, the three arm portions 34 are arranged at equal intervals at an angle of 120 ° in a plan view, and the boss portions 33 are fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 2 so as to be vertically adjacent to each other. ..

  The arm portion 34 and the boss portion 33 are integrally formed so that the thickness of the arm portion 34 in the vertical direction is thicker than the thickness of the boss portion 33, and the rotation loci of the vertically adjacent arm portion 34 and the breaker liner 35. Are arranged so that some of them overlap.

  3A shows the breaker 32U arranged in the upper stage, FIG. 3B shows the breaker 32M arranged in the middle stage, and FIG. 3C shows the breaker 32L arranged in the lower stage. .. In each drawing, the plane of the breaker liner 35, the plane of the boss portion 33 and the arm portion 34, and the side surfaces of the boss portion 33 and the arm portion 34 are shown in order from the top.

  Further, FIG. 4A shows a plan view of a breaker structure without a breaker liner mounted, and FIGS. 4B and 4C show cross-sectional views respectively.

  The vertical thickness T of the arm portion 34 of each breaker is set to the same value. The vertical thickness of the boss portion 33 of the breaker 32U is formed to a thickness (2/3) · T so as to retract upward from the lower surface of the arm portion 34, and the vertical thickness of the boss portion 33 of the breaker 32L is equal to the arm thickness. The breaker 32M is formed to have a thickness (2/3) · T so as to retreat downward from the upper surface of the portion 34, and the vertical thickness of the boss portion 33 of the breaker 32M is lower than the upper surface of the arm portion 34 (⅙). ) .T, and is formed with a thickness (2/3) .T so as to retreat by a thickness (1/6) .T above the lower surface of the arm portion 34.

  That is, the upper, middle, and lower breakers 32U, 32M, and 32L are configured such that the sum of the vertical thicknesses of the arm portions 34 of each breaker 32U, 32M, and 32L is 3T, and the sum of the vertical thicknesses of the boss portion 33 is 2T. There is.

  When the upper, middle, and lower breakers 32U, 32M, 32L rotate together with the rotary shaft 2, a cylindrical rotation locus is formed by the respective arm portions 34, and a lower part of the rotation locus of the upper arm portion 34 is formed. The upper part of the rotation locus of the middle arm part 34 overlaps, and the lower part of the rotation track of the middle arm part 34 and the upper part of the rotation locus of the lower arm part 34 overlap.

  That is, the thickness of the arm portion 34 in the up-down direction is formed to be thicker than the thickness of the boss portion 33, and the rotation loci of the vertically adjacent arm portions 34 are partially overlapped.

  More specifically, with the boss portions 33 of the upper, middle, and lower breakers 32U, 32M, and 32L fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 2, the lower outer peripheral surface 331 of the boss portion 33 of the upper breaker 32U and the middle breaker 32M. The base end upper portion 342 of the arm portion 34 of the upper breaker 32 abuts, and the base end lower portion 341 of the arm portion 34 of the upper breaker 32U abuts the outer peripheral surface upper portion 332 of the boss portion 33 of the middle breaker 32M (FIG. 2 (b)). reference).

  In addition, the outer peripheral surface lower portion 333 of the boss portion 33 of the middle breaker 32M and the base end surface upper portion 344 of the arm portion 34 of the lower breaker 32L come into contact with each other, and the base end lower portion 343 of the arm portion 34 of the middle breaker 32M and the lower breaker 32L of the lower breaker 32L. The upper portion 334 of the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 33 abuts (see FIG. 2B).

  In this way, the peripheral surface of the boss portion 33 of any of the upper, middle, and lower breakers 32U, 32M, and 32L and the base end surface of any arm portion 34 come into contact with each other, so that the material to be crushed A radial and circumferential impact force acting on each arm portion due to the collision is received, and sufficient strength can be secured.

  When the material to be crushed is dropped into the space formed between the three arm portions 34, the material to be crushed is hit by the breaker liner 35 in the upper stage to be roughly crushed, and then is hit by the breaker liner 35 in the middle stage. Then, it is further hit by the breaker liner 35 in the lower stage and gradually finely crushed, and is further guided by the centrifugal force into the gap between the shell liner 21 in the upper stage opposite to each breaker liner 35 and the crushing proceeds.

  In FIG. 5, two breakers 32A and 32B in which the vertical thicknesses of the arm portion 34 and the boss portion 33 are configured to have the same value T are arranged at equal intervals with an angle of 180 ° in plan view, and A standard breaker structure in which the bosses 33 are fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft so as to be adjacent in the vertical direction is shown. The vertical thickness of the two arm portions 34 and the boss portion 33 is 2T.

  When the breaker structure of the present invention described above is adopted, the vertical size along the rotary shaft 2 can be maintained constant even when the number of breakers 30 is changed from the standard two to three, and the vertical crusher is provided. The main components such as the cylindrical shell 20, the rotating shaft 2, and the shell liner 21 that compose the above can be shared.

  Moreover, if the arm portions 32 are arranged so that the cylindrical rotation loci of the vertically adjacent arm portions 32 overlap, there is no need to make the vertical thickness of the arm portion 32 thinner in accordance with the boss portion 31. It is also possible to avoid a decrease in mechanical strength of the breaker 30.

  The standard breaker structure is adopted for household appliances such as large refrigerators and washing machines in which the crushed materials are discarded. By crushing the crushed material into a relatively large space formed between the pair of arm portions, the crushed material can be roughly crushed efficiently.

  However, when crushing a waste material having a flexible material or a shape that easily bites, crushing efficiency can be increased by adopting the breaker structure of the present invention.

  In the above description, the mode in which the thickness T of the arm portion 34 is maintained and only the thickness of the boss portion 33 is adjusted to (2/3) · T has been described, but both the boss portion 33 and the arm portion 34 have the thickness (2 / 3) · T may be adjusted.

  In this case, if the vertical thickness of each breaker liner 35 is set to approximately T, and at least some of the rotation trajectories of the vertically adjacent breaker liners 35 are arranged to overlap in the vertical direction, the vertical direction of the breaker liner 35 will be Since it is not necessary to make the thickness as thin as the thickness (2/3) · T of the boss portion 33 and the arm portion 34, it is possible to avoid the reduction of the impact force against the crushed object.

  In the present embodiment, the radial lengths of the rotational loci of the breakers 34 and the breaker liners 35 from the axial center of the rotary shaft 2, that is, the vertical axis are set to the same value.

  The object to be crushed, which has been roughly crushed by being hit by the breaker liner 35, moves toward the shell liner 21 due to the centrifugal force, fits into the gap between the shell liner 21 and the breaker liner 35, and is further crushed. Since the tubular shell 20 covered with the shell liner 21 has a diameter increased from the lower end to the upper end, the upper breaker liner 35 has a wider gap between the shell liner 21 and the breaker liner 35, and the lower breaker liner 35 has a smaller gap. And the breaker liner 35 has a narrower gap.

  Therefore, among the roughly crushed objects to be crushed, those with a large diameter are crushed in the gap between the breaker liner 35 and the shell liner 21 on the upper side, and those with a smaller diameter have a lower breaker liner 35 and the shell liner 21. As a result, the material is crushed in the gaps between them, and the roughly crushed objects to be crushed are efficiently crushed in the gaps between the breaker liners arranged above and below and the opposing shell liners.

  The radial lengths of the rotational trajectories of the breakers 34 and the breaker liners 35 may be different from the axial center of the rotary shaft 2, that is, the vertical axis.

  When the radial lengths of the rotational trajectories of the breakers 34 and the breaker liners 35 are set to be different from the center of the vertical axis, the gaps between the breaker liners 35 and the shell liner 21 facing each other are all constant. The gap between the breaker liner 35 and the facing shell liner 21 is narrowed toward the bottom, and the gap between the breaker liner 35 and the facing shell liner 21 is narrowed toward the upper side. Therefore, the crushing efficiency can be appropriately increased according to the property of the crushed object.

  In the embodiment described above, three breakers 32 are arranged vertically adjacent to the rotary shaft 2 and each breaker 32 is arranged at an equal angle in the rotation direction. However, the breaker mechanism of the present invention is not limited to this. It suffices that at least some of the rotation trajectories of the breaker liners that are vertically adjacent to each other are arranged so as to overlap with each other, and the number of breakers 32 is not limited.

  For example, four breakers may be arranged vertically adjacent to the rotation axis, and each breaker may be arranged at equal angles in the rotation direction.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the arm portion 34 and the boss portion 33 are integrally formed has been described, but the base portion of the arm portion 34 may be integrally formed by welding to the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 33. .. In this case, the three boss portions may be integrally formed, and the base portions of the respective arm portions may be welded to the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion. Furthermore, the three arm portions 34 and the boss portion 33 may be integrally formed.

  It is needless to say that the above-described embodiment is merely an example of the present invention, and the specific structure, shape, size, etc. of each part can be appropriately changed and designed within the range in which the effects of the present invention are exhibited.

1: Vertical crusher 20: Cylindrical shells 21, 22: Shell liner 30: Breaker mechanism 31: Base 32: Breaker 33: Boss part 34: Arm part 35: Breaker liner 40: Rotor 50: Sweeper 51: Sweeper liner 60: discharge ring 61: discharge ring liner

Claims (6)

A rotor that is rotatably supported by a rotating shaft that rotates around the vertical axis and that has a crushing mechanism,
A tubular shell arranged radially outside the rotor concentrically with the longitudinal axis,
A breaker arranged on the upper part of the rotor and pivotally supported on the rotating shaft,
A breaker structure of a vertical crusher configured to include,
The breaker includes a boss portion axially supported by the rotation shaft, an arm portion extending radially from the boss portion, and a breaker liner provided on a tip side of the arm portion. Was
A plurality of the breakers are arranged vertically adjacent to the rotary shaft,
A breaker structure of a vertical crusher in which at least a part of rotation trajectories of adjacent breaker liners overlap each other.   2. The arm portion is formed such that its thickness in the up-down direction is thicker than the thickness of the boss portion, and is arranged so that a part of the rotation loci of the vertically adjacent arm portions overlap. Breaker structure of vertical crusher.   The breaker structure of the vertical crusher according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base end surface of one arm portion of the breakers adjacent to each other and the peripheral surface of the other boss portion are arranged in contact with each other.   The breaker structure of the vertical crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the radial lengths of the rotational trajectories of the breaker liners from the center of the vertical axis are set to the same value.   The breaker structure of the vertical crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein radial lengths of rotational trajectories of the breaker liners are different from the longitudinal axis. The vertical breaker according to claim 1, wherein three or four breakers are arranged vertically adjacent to the rotation shaft, and the breakers are arranged at an equal angle in the rotation direction. Breaker structure.

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