JP6683069B2 - Porosity measuring device, porosity measuring program, and method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a porosity measuring device, a porosity measuring program, and a method thereof.

  Various methods for measuring the porosity of a porous body such as a sintered ore are known. In Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, after the outer surface of the porous body is vacuum-tightly packaged with a water impermeable film, the apparent specific gravity calculated by the buoyancy measurement method and the porous body measured by finely crushing the porous body And the true specific gravity of is used to measure the porosity of the porous body. In the methods described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, even if the porous body has a complicated surface shape, the outer shape of the porous body can be determined easily and clearly by vacuum-packing the porous body. It enables reproducible and highly accurate porosity measurement.

  Further, Patent Document 2 describes a method of estimating the apparent specific gravity and the porosity of the granulated product by measuring the deposition shape and mass of the granulated product deposited on the transport machine. In the method described in Patent Document 1, the apparent specific gravity and the porosity of the granulated product can be quickly estimated by measuring the deposition shape and mass of the granulated product, and the granulated product having a predetermined porosity can be obtained. The product can be manufactured stably.

JP 62-269040 A JP, 2005-151623, A

"Development of Porosity Measurement Method for Sintered Ore Using Vacuum Packaging and Its Application to Quality Evaluation of Sintered Ore" Toshiji Kasama, Tetsuzo Haga, Tadahiro Inazumi, Katsuhiko Sato, Iron and Steel Vol. 83 (1997) No. 2 "Stomach formation process of iron ore sinter and its modeling" Shun Sato, Sozo Kawaguchi, Minoru Date, Mayumi Yoshinaga, Iron and Steel No. 73 (1987) No.7 "High-speed three-dimensional shape measurement by focusing method" Mitsuhiro Ishihara, Hiromi Sasaki, Journal of Precision Engineering Vo. 63, no. 1,1997

  However, in the methods described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, since it is necessary to vacuum-tightly package the outer surface of the porous body whose porosity is to be measured with a water impermeable film, the treatment for measuring the porosity is complete. It is not easy to automate. Further, in the methods described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, since it is necessary to finely crush the porous body when measuring the true specific gravity of the porous body, it may take a long time to measure the true specific gravity. is there.

  In addition, the porosity measured by the method described in Patent Document 2 is an average value of the entire deposited granules and a value obtained by assuming the particle size distribution of the granules, so that the porosity is deposited. If the porosity of the granulated product varies, the measured porosity may not be representative of the individual granulated product. That is, in the method described in Patent Document 2, the porosity of each target porous body is set at a high speed so as not to be affected by the variation of the components of the porous body and the nonuniformity of the shape and to reflect the fine pores. It cannot be measured.

  Therefore, the present invention is a porosity measurement capable of measuring the porosity of each target porous body at a high speed so as not to be affected by the variation of the components of the porous body and the nonuniformity of the shape and to reflect the fine pores. The purpose is to provide a device.

The present invention for solving such a problem is based on a porosity measuring device, a porosity measuring method, and a porosity measuring program.
(1) A surface shape measuring device that measures the surface shape of the porous body and outputs three-dimensional shape information indicating the measured surface shape of the porous body,
A surface shape feature amount calculation unit that calculates a surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information;
Based on the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity, a porosity determining unit that determines the porosity of the porous body,
A porosity measuring device comprising:
(2) The surface shape feature amount calculation unit is
A position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface shape measuring device, and a height information generation unit that generates height information including the height of the porous body at the measurement point for each of the measurement points. ,
An average height calculation unit for calculating the average value of the height of the porous body,
Based on the height information and the average value, each of the heights of the measurement points, the arithmetic average height to calculate the arithmetic average height indicating the cumulative value of the absolute value of the difference between the average value An arithmetic unit,
The porosity measuring device according to (1), which further comprises:
(3) The arithmetic mean height calculator is
To calculate the arithmetic mean height using
Here, S _a is the arithmetic mean height, A is the projected area of the region of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring device, and z (x, y) is the porous body at the measurement point. Height, z _average is the said average value, The porosity measuring apparatus as described in (2) characterized by the above-mentioned.
(4) The porosity measuring device according to (2) or (3), further including a filtering unit that performs a frequency filtering process on the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information.
(5) The filtering unit is a high-pass filter that transmits only a concave-convex periodic component having a cutoff period or less among the concave-convex periodic components forming the surface shape, and the cutoff period is 1 mm or less. The porosity measuring device according to (4).
(6) The surface shape feature amount calculation unit is
The position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring device, and first inclination angle information indicating an inclination angle of the measurement point with respect to the first direction of the porous body and the first direction are orthogonal to the first direction. A tilt angle information generating unit that generates tilt angle information including second tilt angle information indicating a tilt angle with respect to a second direction for each of the measurement points;
An average inclination angle calculator that calculates an average inclination angle of the porous body based on the first inclination angle information and the second inclination angle information;
The porosity measuring device according to (1), which further comprises:
(7) The average tilt angle calculation unit
To calculate the average tilt angle,
Here, S _dq is the average tilt angle, A is the projected area of the region of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring apparatus, and (∂z / ∂x) is the first tilt angle information. , (∂z / ∂y) is the second inclination angle information, the porosity measuring device according to (6).
(8) The porosity measuring device according to (6) or (7), further including a filtering unit that performs a frequency filtering process on the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information.
(9) The filtering unit is composed of a high-pass filter that transmits only unevenness periodic components that are equal to or less than the cutoff period among the unevenness periodic components that form the surface shape, and the cutoff period is ½ or more of the visual field. (8) The porosity measuring device as described above.
(10) The high-pass filter has an amplitude transmissibility with respect to the uneven period T.
And
The Tc is a cutoff period,
The α is
The porosity measuring device according to (5) or (9), which is a phase-compensating Gaussian filter.
(11) The surface shape feature amount calculation unit is
A maximum point searching unit that searches for a maximum point of the surface shape of the porous body,
A line segment group calculating unit that obtains a line segment connecting two maximum points among the maximum points searched by the maximum point searching unit for a combination of two points of all maximum points;
A recess angle defining portion that defines a straight line inclined from the group of line segments to the surface side of the porous body by a recess angle,
A straight line defined by the recessed angle defining portion, and an outer frame defining portion that defines the outermost line of the surface shape of the porous body as a line forming the outer frame of the porous body,
The distance between the shape of the outer frame defined by the outer frame defining portion and the surface of the porous body is calculated, and the calculated distance is integrated over the entire measurement region to obtain the outer frame and the porous body. A recess volume calculating unit that calculates a recess volume indicating a volume between the surface and
Dividing the concave volume by the projected area of the measurement region, a concave unit volume calculation unit for calculating the concave volume per unit area,
The porosity measuring device according to (1), which further comprises:
(12) The porosity measuring device according to (11), wherein the depression angle is in a range of 5 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less.
(13) The surface shape feature amount calculation unit is
A first surface shape feature amount calculation unit that calculates an arithmetic average height of the porous body, a second surface shape feature amount calculation unit that calculates an average inclination angle of the porous body, and a recess volume per unit area of the porous body. And at least two third surface shape feature amount calculation units for calculating
The first surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
A position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface shape measuring device, and a height information generation unit that generates height information including the height of the porous body at the measurement point for each of the measurement points. ,
An average height calculation unit for calculating the average value of the height of the porous body,
Based on the height information, and the average value of the height of the porous body, each of the height of the measurement point, the arithmetic average height indicating the cumulative value of the absolute value of the difference between the average value. An arithmetic mean height calculator for calculating,
The second surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
The position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring device, and first inclination angle information indicating an inclination angle of the measurement point with respect to the first direction of the porous body and the first direction are orthogonal to the first direction. A tilt angle information generating unit that generates tilt angle information including second tilt angle information indicating a tilt angle with respect to a second direction for each of the measurement points;
An average inclination angle calculation unit that calculates an average inclination angle of the porous body based on the first inclination angle information and the second inclination angle information,
The third surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
A maximum point searching unit that searches for a maximum point of the surface shape of the porous body,
A line segment group calculating unit that obtains a line segment connecting two maximum points among the maximum points searched by the maximum point searching unit for a combination of two points of all maximum points;
A recess angle defining portion that defines a straight line inclined from the group of line segments to the surface side of the porous body by a recess angle,
A straight line defined by the recessed angle defining portion, and an outer frame defining portion that defines the outermost line of the surface shape of the porous body as a line forming the outer frame of the porous body,
The distance between the shape of the outer frame defined by the outer frame defining portion and the surface of the porous body is calculated, and the calculated distance is integrated over the entire measurement region to obtain the outer frame and the porous body. A recess volume calculating unit that calculates a recess volume indicating a volume between the surface and
Dividing the concave volume by the projected area of the measurement region, a concave unit volume calculation unit for calculating the concave volume per unit area, and,
The porosity determining unit determines the porosity of the porous body by weighting at least two of the arithmetic average height, the average inclination angle, and the concave volume per unit area. The porosity measuring device described in 1.
(14) measuring the surface shape of the porous body, outputting three-dimensional shape information indicating the measured surface shape of the porous body,
A surface shape feature amount is calculated from the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information,
Based on the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity, determine the porosity of the porous body,
A porosity measuring method characterized by the above.
(15) measuring the surface shape of the porous body, outputting three-dimensional shape information indicating the measured surface shape of the porous body,
A surface shape feature amount is calculated from the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information,
Based on the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity, determine the porosity of the porous body,
A porosity measurement program characterized by causing a computer to execute processing.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the porosity of each target porous body can be measured at a high speed so as not to be affected by the variation of the components of the porous body and the non-uniformity of the shape and to reflect the fine pores. A rate measuring device can be provided.

It is a figure which shows the porosity measuring apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. (A) is a flowchart of the porosity determination process in which the arithmetic unit shown in FIG. 1 determines the porosity of the sintered ore, and (b) is a flowchart for explaining the process of S102 shown in (a) in more detail. Is. It is a figure which shows the porosity measuring apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart of the porosity determination processing in which the arithmetic unit shown in FIG. 3 determines the porosity of the sintered ore. It is a figure which shows the porosity measuring apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. (A) is a flowchart of a porosity determination process in which the arithmetic unit shown in FIG. 5 determines the porosity of a sintered ore, and (b) is a flowchart for explaining the process of S302 shown in (a) in more detail. Is. It is a figure which shows the porosity measuring apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment. 8 is a flowchart of a porosity determination process in which the arithmetic unit shown in FIG. 7 determines the porosity of the sintered ore. It is a figure which shows the porosity measuring apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment. 9A is a flowchart of a porosity determination process in which the arithmetic unit shown in FIG. 9 determines the porosity of a sintered ore, and FIG. 9B is a flowchart for explaining the process of S502 shown in FIG. Is. (A) is a figure which shows the process of S521 shown in FIG. 10, (b) is a figure which shows the process of S522 and S523 shown in FIG. 10, (c) is a figure which shows the process of S524 shown in FIG. FIG. 11D is a diagram showing the processing of S525 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the porosity measuring apparatus which concerns on 6th Embodiment. It is a flowchart of the porosity determination processing in which the arithmetic unit shown in FIG. 12 determines the porosity of the sintered ore. (A) is a diagram showing the relationship between the arithmetic average height S _a and porosity generated from the three-dimensional shape information, and (b) the average inclination angle S _dq and porosity generated from the three-dimensional shape information It is a figure which shows the relationship, (c) is a figure which shows the relationship of the recess volume per unit area and porosity produced | generated from three-dimensional shape information, (d) is the weighting surface shape produced | generated from three-dimensional shape information. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a feature-value and a porosity. (A) is a diagram showing the relationship between the arithmetic average height R _a and porosity generated from the two-dimensional shape information, and (b) the average inclination angle R _dq and porosity generated from the two-dimensional shape information It is a figure which shows a relationship, (c) is a figure which shows the relationship between the recess volume per unit area and porosity produced | generated from two-dimensional shape information.

  A porosity measuring device, a porosity measuring program, and a method thereof according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to those embodiments.

(Outline of Porosity Measuring Device According to Embodiment)
The porosity measuring device according to the embodiment, based on the correlation information indicating the correlation between the surface shape feature amount calculated from the surface shape of the porous body represented by sinter and the porosity, the pores of the porous body. Porosity is measured by determining the porosity. That is, the porosity measuring device according to the embodiment, based on the knowledge that there is a correlation between the surface shape feature amount indicating the surface shape of the porous body and the porosity of the porous body measured in advance, the surface shape The porosity is estimated from the feature amount.

For example, as described in Non-Patent Document 2, when a sinter cake is crushed to form a sinter, the sinter cake is crushed starting from relatively large pores, which are also called macropores. On the other hand, inside the sinter cake, there are also relatively small pores that exist as pores inside the sinter, which are not the starting points of crushing, which are also called micropores. Some of the micropores appear on the surface of the formed sinter when the sinter cake is crushed to form the sinter. As a result, the surface shape of the sinter contains the same shape as the micro-pores existing inside the sinter, so the surface shape feature that indicates the surface shape of the sinter and the inside of the sinter. There is a correlation with the shape of the micropores formed in Therefore, since there is a correlation between the surface shape feature amount indicating the surface shape of the sinter and the shape of the micropores formed inside the sinter, the surface shape feature indicating the surface shape of the sinter ore. The quantity is a function of the porosity of the sinter, which is a function of the shape of the micropores.
Based on the above, the porosity measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the correlation between the surface shape of the sinter and the shape of the micropores formed inside the sinter, to determine the porosity of the sinter. Measure the rate.

(Structure and function of the porosity measuring device according to the first embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a porosity measuring device according to the first embodiment. The porosity measuring device 1 includes a surface shape measuring device 10 and a computing device 20. The porosity measuring device 1 is an absolute value of the difference between the average value of the heights of a plurality of measurement points at which the surface of the sinter is measured, the heights of the plurality of measurement points, and the average value of the heights. The arithmetic mean height indicating the cumulative value is used as the surface shape feature amount.

  The surface shape measuring device 10 has an imaging device 11 and a lens 12, and is a three-dimensional shape for sequentially measuring the three-dimensional shape of the surface of a single sintered ore 101 conveyed by a conveying path 13 by a focusing method. It is total. The visual field of the surface profile measuring device 10 is 4 mm × 4 mm, the horizontal resolution of the surface profile measuring device 10 is 4 μm, and the resolution in the depth direction of the surface profile measuring device 10 is 0.4 μm. The focusing method identifies the three-dimensional position of the surface of the object by detecting the positional relationship between the lens and the object such that the surface of the object is in focus. Since the method for measuring a three-dimensional shape by the focusing method is described in Non-Patent Document 3, detailed description will be omitted here.

  The surface shape measuring apparatus 10 outputs three-dimensional shape information indicating the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the sinter 101 to the arithmetic unit 20 via the LAN 15. The three-dimensional shape information is, for example, three-dimensional point cloud data including a plurality of three-dimensional coordinate data.

  The arithmetic device 20 includes a communication unit 21, a storage unit 22, an input unit 23, an output unit 24, and a processing unit 30. The communication unit 21, the storage unit 22, the input unit 23, the output unit 24, and the processing unit 30 are connected to each other via the bus 200. The calculation device 20 calculates the surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 measured by the surface shape measurement device 10, and based on the correlation information indicating the correlation between the calculated surface shape feature amount and the porosity. , Determine the porosity of sinter 101. In one example, the arithmetic device 20 is a monitoring control device that monitors and controls the sintering process.

  The communication unit 21 has a wired communication interface circuit such as Ethernet (registered trademark). The communication unit 21 communicates with the surface profile measuring device 10 and a host controller (not shown) via the LAN 25.

  The storage unit 22 includes, for example, at least one of a semiconductor storage device, a magnetic tape device, a magnetic disk device, or an optical disk device. The storage unit 22 stores an operating system program, a driver program, an application program, data and the like used in the processing of the processing unit 30. For example, the storage unit 22 stores, as an application program, a porosity determining program for causing the processing unit 30 to execute the porosity determining process for determining the porosity of the sintered ore 101. The porosity determination program program may be installed in the storage unit 22 from a computer-readable portable recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM using a known setup program or the like.

  The storage unit 22 also stores various data used in the porosity determination process. Furthermore, the storage unit 22 may temporarily store temporary data related to a predetermined process.

  The input unit 23 may be any device capable of inputting data, and is, for example, a touch panel, a keyboard, or the like. The operator can input characters, numbers, symbols, etc. using the input unit 23. When the operator operates the input unit 23, the input unit 23 generates a signal corresponding to the operation. Then, the generated signal is supplied to the processing unit 30 as an instruction of the worker.

  The output unit 24 may be any device as long as it can display images and images, and is, for example, a liquid crystal display or an organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) display. The output unit 24 displays a video image according to the video data supplied from the processing unit 30, an image according to the image data, and the like. The output unit 24 may also be an output device that prints images, images, characters, or the like on a display medium such as paper.

  The processing unit 30 includes one or more processors and their peripheral circuits. The processing unit 30 centrally controls the overall operation of the arithmetic device 20, and is, for example, a CPU. The processing unit 30 executes processing based on a program (driver program, operating system program, application program, etc.) stored in the storage unit 22. Further, the processing unit 30 can execute a plurality of programs (application programs and the like) in parallel.

  The processing unit 30 includes a three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 31, a surface shape feature amount calculation unit 32, a porosity determination unit 33, and a porosity output unit 34. The surface shape feature amount calculation unit 32 includes a height information generation unit 321, an average height calculation unit 322, and an arithmetic average height calculation unit 323. Each of these units is a functional module implemented by a program executed by a processor included in the processing unit 30. Alternatively, each of these units may be implemented in the arithmetic device 20 as firmware.

(Porosity determination processing by the arithmetic unit 20)
FIG. 2A is a flowchart of the porosity determination processing in which the arithmetic unit 20 determines the porosity of the sinter 101, and FIG. 2B describes the processing of S102 shown in FIG. 2A in more detail. It is a flowchart for doing. The porosity determination process shown in FIG. 2A is executed mainly by the processing unit 30 in cooperation with each element of the arithmetic unit 20 based on a program stored in the storage unit 22 in advance.

  First, the three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 31 acquires three-dimensional shape information indicating the surface shape of the sinter 101 from the surface shape measuring device 10 via the LAN 15 (S101). Next, the surface shape feature amount calculation unit 32 calculates the surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information (S102). The surface shape feature amount is the arithmetic average height of the surface shape of the sintered ore 101. The arithmetic mean height is the absolute difference between the heights of the plurality of measurement points on the surface of the sintered ore 101 and the average value of the heights of the plurality of measurement points on the surface of the sintered ore 101. It is a cumulative value. Next, the porosity determination unit 33 determines the porosity of the sinter 101 based on the correlation information indicating the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity (S103). The correlation information is, for example, a correlation table indicating the relationship between the arithmetic mean height calculated in the process of S102 and the porosity measured by a known method. The correlation table is created in advance by the operator and stored in the storage unit 22. The correlation table shows the correlation between the arithmetic mean height calculated from the surface shape data obtained by measuring the surface shape of a plurality of sintered ores and the porosity measured for each of the plurality of sintered ores. Remember. In one example, the porosity of each of the plurality of sintered ores is measured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1. Then, the porosity output unit 34 outputs the porosity determined in the process of S103 (S104).

  The more detailed processing of S102 will be described with reference to FIG. First, the height information generation unit 321 generates height information including the positions of the plurality of measurement points and the heights of the sintered ore 101 at the plurality of measurement points (S121). The height information generation unit 321 sets the X coordinate and the Y coordinate included in each of the three-dimensional coordinates included in the three-dimensional point group data, which is the three-dimensional shape information, as the coordinates indicating the position of the measurement point. Further, the height information generation unit 321 sets the difference between each Z coordinate of the three-dimensional coordinate data included in the three-dimensional point group data and the Z coordinate of the predetermined reference position as the height of the measurement point. In one example, the Z coordinate of the predetermined reference position may be the same as the Z coordinate of the transport path 13.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, by photographing the sintered ore 101 from above via the imaging device 11 and the lens 12, the unevenness on the surface of the sintered ore 101 is information in the height direction. Will be explained as follows. A case in which the surface value is larger (outer) from the center of the sinter as the value of the information in the height direction is larger (the value of the Z coordinate is larger) will be described. . However, the present invention is not limited to the case of shooting from above, and the degree of unevenness can be determined appropriately according to the shooting direction.

Next, the average height calculation unit 322 calculates the average value z _average of the heights of the sintered ores 101 at a plurality of measurement points (S122). The average height calculator 322 calculates the average value of the heights of the measurement points as the average value z _average of the heights of the sinter 101.

Then, the arithmetic mean height calculation unit 323 calculates the sinter ore 101 based on the height information generated in S121 and the average value z _average of the heights of the sinter 101 calculated in the process of S122. The average height is calculated (S123). The arithmetic mean height calculator 323

Is used to calculate the arithmetic mean height of the sintered ore 101. Here, Sa is the arithmetic mean height, A is the projected area of the region of the sinter 101 measured by the surface profile measuring apparatus 10, and z (x, y) is the sintering at each of the plurality of measurement points. The height of the ore 101, and z _average is the average value of the heights of the sintered ores 101.

  The porosity measuring device 1 uses the correlation between the arithmetic mean height calculated from the heights of a plurality of measurement points measured by the surface shape measuring device 10 and the porosity of the sinter to obtain the sinter 101 The porosity of can be measured at high speed reflecting fine pores.

(Structure and Function of Porosity Measuring Device According to Second Embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a porosity measuring device according to the second embodiment.

  The porosity measuring device 2 is different from the porosity measuring device 1 in that the arithmetic device 25 is arranged instead of the arithmetic device 20. The arithmetic unit 25 differs from the arithmetic unit 20 in that it has a processing unit 35 instead of the processing unit 30. The processing unit 35 differs from the processing unit 30 in that it has a three-dimensional shape generation unit 36 and a high-pass filter unit 37. The configurations and functions of the components of the porosity measuring device 2 other than the three-dimensional shape generating unit 36 and the high-pass filter unit 37 are the same as the components and functions of the porosity measuring device 1 to which the same reference numerals are assigned, and therefore, here Then, detailed description is omitted. The porosity measuring device 2 is different from the porosity measuring device 1 in that the data showing the surface shape of the sinter 101 measured by the surface shape measuring device 10 is filtered by a high-pass filter.

(Porosity determination processing by the arithmetic unit 25)
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the porosity determination processing in which the arithmetic unit 25 determines the porosity of the sintered ore 101. The porosity determination process shown in FIG. 4 is executed mainly by the processing unit 35 in cooperation with each element of the arithmetic unit 25 based on a program stored in the storage unit 22 in advance. Since the processes of S201 and S204 to S206 are the same as the processes of S101 to S104, detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

  In S202, the three-dimensional shape generation unit 36 generates the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the sinter 101 based on the three-dimensional shape information acquired by the three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 31. In one example, the three-dimensional shape generation unit 36 interpolates between the three-dimensional point cloud data, which is the three-dimensional shape information, on a plane to generate three-dimensional shape data indicating the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the sinter 101. To do.

  Next, the high-pass filter unit 37 removes irregularities having a period longer than a predetermined cutoff period from the three-dimensional shape generated in the process of S202 by a filtering process (S203). The high-pass filter unit 37 detects irregularities having a period longer than a predetermined period, and corrects the three-dimensional shape data so as to attenuate the amplitude of the detected periodic component of the irregularities. In one example, the high pass filter unit 37 is a phase compensation Gaussian filter. By using the phase compensation Gaussian filter in the high-pass filter unit 37, it is possible to suppress high-frequency noise generated due to the filtering process. The phase compensation Gaussian filter has an amplitude transmissibility with respect to the uneven period T.

  It is. However, Tc is a cut-off cycle and is a cycle in which the amplitude transmissibility becomes 50%. Also, α is

Is represented by
The surface shape feature amount calculation unit 32 calculates the surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information corrected in S203 (S204).

  The porosity measuring device 2 removes uneven periodic components longer than a predetermined period by filtering the three-dimensional shape data indicating the surface shape of the sinter 101 measured by the surface shape measuring device 10 with a high-pass filter. Correct so that The porosity measuring device 2 uses the three-dimensional shape data having high correlation with the micropores extracted by removing the uneven periodic component longer than the predetermined period from the surface shape of the sinter 101 to determine the porosity. By making the determination, it becomes possible to perform the measurement that reflects the shape of the micropores more than the measurement of the porosity measuring device 1.

  The inventor of the present invention has found that the unevenness having a period of 1 mm or more does not contribute to the correlation with the porosity by the spectrum analysis of the surface shape of the sintered ore. Since the unevenness having a period of 1 mm or more does not contribute to the correlation with the porosity, the cutoff period of the high pass filter unit 37 may be 1 mm or less.

  Further, the porosity measuring device 2 has the high-pass filter unit 37, but in order to extract only the unevenness of the cycle corresponding to the diameter of the predetermined micropore, a bandpass filter for extracting the unevenness periodic component of the predetermined cycle is used. It may be arranged instead of the high-pass filter unit 37.

(Configuration and Function of Porosity Measuring Device According to Third Embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a porosity measuring device according to the third embodiment.

  The porosity measuring device 3 differs from the porosity measuring device 1 in that the arithmetic device 40 is arranged instead of the arithmetic device 20. The arithmetic unit 40 is different from the arithmetic unit 20 in that it has a processing unit 50 instead of the processing unit 30. The configurations and functions of the components of the porosity measuring device 3 other than the processing unit 50 are the same as the configurations and functions of the components of the porosity measuring device 1 designated by the same reference numerals, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted here. The porosity measuring device 3 differs from the porosity measuring device 1 in that the porosity measuring device 3 uses an average inclination angle of a plurality of measurement points at which the surface of the sinter 101 is measured as a surface shape feature amount.

  The processing unit 50 has one or a plurality of processors and their peripheral circuits. The processing unit 50 integrally controls the overall operation of the arithmetic device 40, and is, for example, a CPU. The processing unit 50 executes processing based on a program (driver program, operating system program, application program, etc.) stored in the storage unit 22. Further, the processing unit 50 can execute a plurality of programs (application programs and the like) in parallel.

  The processing unit 50 includes a three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 51, a surface shape feature amount calculation unit 52, a porosity determination unit 53, and a porosity output unit 54. The surface shape feature amount calculation unit 52 includes a tilt angle information generation unit 521 and an average tilt angle calculation unit 522. Each of these units is a functional module implemented by a program executed by a processor included in the processing unit 50. Alternatively, each of these units may be implemented in the arithmetic device 40 as firmware.

(Porosity determination processing by the arithmetic unit 40)
FIG. 6A is a flowchart of the porosity determination process in which the arithmetic unit 40 determines the porosity of the sinter 101, and FIG. 6B illustrates the process of S402 shown in FIG. 6A in more detail. It is a flowchart for doing. The porosity determination process shown in FIG. 6A is mainly executed by the processing unit 50 in cooperation with each element of the arithmetic unit 40 based on a program stored in the storage unit 22 in advance.

  First, the three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 51 acquires three-dimensional shape information indicating the surface shape of the sinter 101 from the surface shape measuring device 10 via the LAN 15 (S301). Next, the surface shape feature amount calculation unit 52 calculates the surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information (S302). The surface shape feature amount is an average inclination angle of the surface shape of the sintered ore 101. Next, the porosity determining unit 53 determines the porosity of the sintered ore 101 based on the correlation information indicating the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity (S303). The correlation information is, for example, a correlation table indicating a relationship between the average inclination angle calculated in the process of S102 and the porosity measured by a known method. The correlation table is created in advance by the operator and stored in the storage unit 22. The correlation table shows the correlation between the average inclination angle calculated from the surface shape data obtained by measuring the surface shape of a plurality of sintered ores and the porosity measured for each of the plurality of sintered ores. Remember. In one example, the porosity of each of the plurality of sintered ores is measured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1. Then, the porosity output unit 54 outputs the porosity determined in the process of S303 (S304).

A more detailed process of S302 will be described with reference to FIG. First, the tilt angle information generation unit 521 obtains the tilt angle information including the coordinates of the plurality of measurement points and the first tilt angle information (∂z / ∂x) and the second tilt angle information (∂z / ∂y). It is generated (S321). The first inclination angle information (∂z / ∂x) is information indicating the inclination angle of the sintered ore 101 with respect to the X-axis direction at each of the plurality of measurement points. In one example, the first tilt angle information (∂z / ∂x) is the current coordinate (x _n , y _n , z _n ) and the X adjacent to the current coordinate (x _n , y _n , z _n ) in the X direction. From the X coordinate component and the Z coordinate component of the direction adjacent coordinates (x _{n + 1} , y _{n + 1} , z _{n + 1} ), ((z _{n + 1} −z _n ) / (x _{n + 1} −x _n )) Indicated by. The second tilt angle information (∂z / ∂y) is information indicating the tilt angle of the sintered ore 101 with respect to the Y-axis direction at each of the plurality of measurement points. Current coordinates _{(x m, y m, z} m), and the current coordinates _{(x m, y m, z} m) Y -direction adjacent coordinates adjacent to Y direction _{(x m + 1, y m} + 1, z m + from Y coordinate component and Z coordinate component of _1), represented by _{((z m + 1 -z m} ) / (y m + 1 -y m)).

  Next, the average inclination angle calculation unit 522 calculates the average inclination angle of the sinter 101 based on the first inclination angle (∂z / ∂x) and the second inclination angle (∂z / ∂y) (S322). ). The average tilt angle calculation unit 522

Is used to calculate the average tilt angle of the sinter 101. Here, S _dq is the average inclination angle, A is the projected area of the region of the sinter 101 measured by the surface profile measuring apparatus 10, and (∂z / ∂x) is the first at each of the plurality of measurement points. 1 is a tilt angle, and (∂z / ∂y) is a second tilt angle at each of a plurality of measurement points.

(Structure and Function of Porosity Measuring Device According to Fourth Embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a porosity measuring device according to the fourth embodiment.

  The porosity measuring device 4 differs from the porosity measuring device 3 in that the arithmetic device 45 is arranged instead of the arithmetic device 40. The arithmetic unit 45 differs from the arithmetic unit 40 in that it has a processing unit 55 instead of the processing unit 50. The processing unit 55 differs from the processing unit 50 in that it has a three-dimensional shape generation unit 56 and a high-pass filter unit 57. The configurations and functions of the constituent elements of the porosity measuring device 2 other than the three-dimensional shape generating unit 56 and the high-pass filter unit 57 are the same as the constituent elements and functions of the porosity measuring device 3 to which the same reference numerals are assigned. Then, detailed description is omitted. The porosity measuring device 4 is different from the porosity measuring device 3 in that the data indicating the surface shape of the sinter 101 measured by the surface shape measuring device 10 is filtered by a high-pass filter.

(Porosity determination processing by the arithmetic unit 45)
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the porosity determination processing in which the arithmetic unit 45 determines the porosity of the sinter 101. The porosity determination process shown in FIG. 8 is mainly executed by the processing unit 55 in cooperation with each element of the arithmetic unit 45 based on a program stored in the storage unit 22 in advance. The processing of S401 and S404 to S406 is the same as the processing of S301 to S304, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  In S402, the three-dimensional shape generation unit 56 generates the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the sintered ore 101 based on the three-dimensional shape information acquired by the three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 51. In one example, the three-dimensional shape generation unit 56 interpolates three-dimensional point cloud data, which is three-dimensional shape information, with a plane to generate three-dimensional shape data indicating the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the sintered ore 101. To do.

  Next, the high-pass filter unit 57 removes irregularities having a cycle longer than a predetermined cutoff cycle from the three-dimensional shape generated in the process of S402 by a filtering process (S403). The high-pass filter unit 57 detects irregularities having a period longer than a predetermined period and corrects the three-dimensional coordinates of the three-dimensional shape data so as to attenuate the amplitude of the detected irregularity periodic component. In one example, the high pass filter unit 57 is a phase compensation Gaussian filter. The surface shape feature amount calculation unit 52 calculates the surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information corrected in S403 (S404).

  The porosity measuring device 4 removes uneven periodic components longer than a predetermined period by filtering the three-dimensional shape data indicating the surface shape of the sintered ore 101 measured by the surface shape measuring device 10 with a high-pass filter. Correct so that The porosity measuring device 2 removes the uneven periodic component longer than a predetermined period from the surface shape of the sintered ore 101, thereby enabling the measurement in which the inclination of the entire ore 101 at the time of measurement is corrected.

  For example, the cutoff period of the high-pass filter unit 57 may be 2 mm or more, which is half the length of one side of the visual field of the surface profile measuring apparatus 4 which is 4 mm. By setting the cutoff period of the high-pass filter unit 57 to be at least half the length of the short side of the rectangular field of view of the surface profile measuring apparatus 10, the high-pass filter section 57 removes the inclination of the field of view of the surface profile measuring apparatus 10. To be done.

(Configuration and Function of Porosity Measuring Device According to Fifth Embodiment)
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a porosity measuring device according to the fifth embodiment.

  The porosity measuring device 5 differs from the porosity measuring device 1 in that the arithmetic device 60 is arranged instead of the arithmetic device 20. The arithmetic unit 60 is different from the arithmetic unit 20 in that the arithmetic unit 60 has a processing unit 70 instead of the processing unit 30. The configurations and functions of the components of the porosity measuring device 5 other than the processing unit 70 are the same as the configurations and functions of the components of the porosity measuring device 1 designated by the same reference numerals, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here. The porosity measuring device 5 is different from the porosity measuring device 1 in that the porosity measuring device 5 uses the volume of the concave portion per unit area of the surface of the sintered ore 101 as the surface shape feature amount.

  The processing unit 70 has one or more processors and their peripheral circuits. The processing unit 70 centrally controls the overall operation of the arithmetic device 60, and is, for example, a CPU. The processing unit 70 executes processing based on a program (driver program, operating system program, application program, etc.) stored in the storage unit 22. Moreover, the processing unit 70 can execute a plurality of programs (application programs and the like) in parallel.

  The processing unit 70 includes a three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 71, a surface shape feature amount calculation unit 72, a porosity determination unit 73, and a porosity output unit 74. The surface shape feature amount computing unit 72 includes a maximum value searching unit 721, a line segment group computing unit 722, a recess angle defining unit 723, an outer frame defining unit 724, a recess volume calculating unit 725, and a recess unit volume calculating unit 726. Have and. Each of these units is a functional module implemented by a program executed by a processor included in the processing unit 70. Alternatively, each of these units may be implemented as firmware in the arithmetic device 60.

(Porosity determination processing by the arithmetic unit 60)
10A is a flowchart of the porosity determination processing in which the arithmetic unit 60 determines the porosity of the sinter 101, and FIG. 10B describes the processing of S502 shown in FIG. 10A in more detail. It is a flowchart for doing. The porosity determination process shown in FIG. 10A is executed mainly by the processing unit 70 in cooperation with each element of the arithmetic device 60 based on a program stored in the storage unit 22 in advance.

  First, the three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 71 acquires three-dimensional shape information indicating the surface shape of the sinter 101 from the surface shape measuring device 10 via the LAN 15 (S501). Next, the surface shape feature amount calculation unit 72 calculates the surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information (S502). The surface shape feature amount is the volume of the concave portion of the surface shape of the sintered ore 101. The recess volume is a volume between the outer frame of the sintered ore 101 and the surface of the sintered ore 101 defined by the surface shape feature amount computing unit 72. Next, the porosity determining unit 73 determines the porosity of the sintered ore 101 based on the correlation information indicating the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity (S503). The correlation information is, in one example, a correlation table indicating the relationship between the recess volume calculated in the process of S502 and the porosity measured by a known method. The correlation table is created in advance by the operator and stored in the storage unit 22. The correlation table stores the correlation between the recess volume calculated from the surface shape data obtained by measuring the surface shapes of a plurality of sintered ores and the porosity measured for each of the plurality of sintered ores. To do. In one example, the porosity of each of the plurality of sintered ores is measured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1. Then, the porosity output unit 74 outputs the porosity determined in the process of S503 (S504).

  The more detailed processing of S502 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 (b) and 11 (a) to 11 (d). 11 (a) is a diagram showing the processing of S521, FIG. 11 (b) is a diagram showing the processing of S522 and S523, and FIG. 11 (c) is a diagram showing the processing of S524. d) is a diagram showing the processing of S525.

  First, the maximum value searching unit 721 searches for a maximum point from the obtained three-dimensional data (S521). The maximum value searching unit 721 determines the height at each point (x_i, y_i) on the three-dimensional data as the surrounding points, that is, (x_i + 1, y_i), (x_i-1, y_i), (x_i, y_i + 1), By performing the operation of comparing with (x_i, y_i-1) over the entire measurement region, the maximum value is searched. As shown in FIG. 11A, the maximum value searching unit 721 sequentially detects the maximum points on the surface extending in the XY directions. Next, the line segment group calculation unit 726 obtains a line segment that connects two local maxima among the local maxima searched by the local maxima search unit 721 for a combination of all two local maxima (S522).

  Next, the recess angle defining portion 723 defines a straight line inclined to the surface side of the sintered ore 101 by the recess angle θ from the line segment group calculated in S522 (S523). As shown in FIG. 11B, the recess angle defining portion 723 is inclined toward the surface side of the sintered ore 101 by a recess angle θ from the line segment connecting each of the plurality of local maximum points of the surface extending in the XY directions. Define a straight line. The recessed angle defining portion 723 executes a process of defining a straight line that is inclined to the surface side of the sintered ore 101 by a recessed angle θ from a straight line connecting between the maximum points on the surface extending in the XY directions.

  Next, the outer frame defining unit 724 defines the straight line defined in S523 and the outermost line in the surface shape of the sintered ore as the line forming the outer frame of the sintered ore 101 (S524). . As shown in FIG. 11 (c), the outer frame defining portion 724 has an outermost line of the straight lines defined in S 523 on the surface extending in the XY directions (sintered ore 101 as shown in FIG. 9). Is photographed from above, the line located above) is defined as the line forming the outer frame of the sintered ore 101. The outer frame defining portion 724 defines a line forming the outer frame of the sintered ore 101 with respect to the surface extending in the XY directions.

  Next, the recess volume calculating unit 725 calculates the distance between the shape of the outer frame defined in S524 and the surface of the sinter 101, and integrates the calculated distance over the entire measurement region to calculate the recess volume. Is calculated (S525). As shown in FIG. 11 (d), the recess volume calculation unit 725 forms a line that forms the outer frame of the sintered ore 101 defined in S <b> 524 on the surface extending in the XY directions, and the surface of the sintered ore 101. The recess area is calculated by integrating the distance between the two. The outer frame defining portion 724 integrates the distance between the line forming the outer frame of the sintered ore 101 defined in S524 and the surface of the sintered ore 101 for each of the plurality of cross sections extending in the X direction. Calculate the recess area. The recess volume calculation unit 725 calculates the recess volume by integrating the recess areas calculated for the surfaces extending in the XY directions.

  Then, the concave unit volume calculation unit 726 calculates the concave volume per unit area by dividing the concave volume calculated in S525 by the projected area of the measurement region (S526).

  If the recess angle θ is too small, the recess of the outer frame becomes shallow, the width of the recess is wide, and the volume of the uneven portion having a low correlation with the micropores inside the sintered ore 101 is included in the concave volume and The correlation with porosity may be low. On the other hand, if the depression angle θ is too large, the volume of the recess may approach zero, and the correlation between the volume of the recess and the porosity may disappear. The inventor of the present invention has found that the optimum range of the depression angle θ is 5 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less. The depression angle θ is preferably in the range of 5 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less according to the knowledge of the inventor of the present invention.

(Structure and Function of Porosity Measuring Device According to Sixth Embodiment)
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a porosity measuring device according to the sixth embodiment.

  The porosity measuring device 6 differs from the porosity measuring device 1 in that the arithmetic unit 80 is arranged instead of the arithmetic unit 20. The arithmetic unit 80 differs from the arithmetic unit 20 in that it has a processing unit 90 instead of the processing unit 30. The configurations and functions of the components of the porosity measuring device 6 other than the processing unit 90 are the same as the components and functions of the porosity measuring device 1 designated by the same reference numerals, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted here. The porosity measuring device 6 may use the weighted value obtained by weighting the arithmetic average height of the measuring points, the average inclination angle of the measuring points, and the concave volume per unit area as the surface shape feature amount. Is different from.

  The processing unit 90 has one or more processors and their peripheral circuits. The processing unit 90 centrally controls the overall operation of the arithmetic device 80, and is, for example, a CPU. The processing unit 90 executes processing based on a program (driver program, operating system program, application program, etc.) stored in the storage unit 22. Moreover, the processing unit 90 can execute a plurality of programs (application programs and the like) in parallel.

  The processing unit 90 includes a three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 91, a first surface shape feature amount calculation unit 92, a second surface shape feature amount calculation unit 93, a third surface shape feature amount calculation unit 94, and a porosity determination. It has a portion 95 and a porosity output portion 96. The first surface shape feature amount calculation unit 92 includes a height information generation unit 921, an average height calculation unit 922, and an arithmetic average height calculation unit 923. The second surface shape feature amount calculation unit 93 includes a tilt angle information generation unit 931 and an average tilt angle calculation unit 932. The third surface shape feature amount calculation unit 94 includes a maximum value search unit 941, a line segment group calculation unit 942, a recess angle definition unit 943, an outer frame definition unit 944, a recess volume calculation unit 945, and a recess unit volume calculation. And a portion 946. Each of these units is a functional module implemented by a program executed by a processor included in the processing unit 90. Alternatively, each of these units may be implemented as firmware in the arithmetic device 80.

(Porosity determination process by the arithmetic unit 80)
FIG. 13 is a flowchart of the porosity determination process in which the arithmetic unit 80 determines the porosity of the sintered ore 101. The porosity determination process shown in FIG. 13 is based on a program stored in the storage unit 22 in advance. It is mainly executed by the processing unit 90 in cooperation with each element of the arithmetic unit 80.

  First, the three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 91 acquires three-dimensional shape information indicating the surface shape of the sinter 101 from the surface shape measuring device 10 via the LAN 15 (S601).

  Next, the first surface shape feature amount calculation unit 92 calculates the first surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information (S602). The first surface shape feature amount is the arithmetic average height of the surface shape of the sinter 101 calculated using the equation (1). The more detailed processing of S602 executed by the height information generation unit 921, the average height calculation unit 922, and the arithmetic average height calculation unit 923 is the same as the processing of S121 to S123 illustrated in FIG. Detailed description is omitted.

  Next, the second surface shape feature amount calculation unit 93 calculates the second surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information (S603). The second surface shape feature amount is an average inclination angle of the surface shape of the sintered ore 101 calculated by using Expression (2). Since the more detailed processing of S603 executed by the inclination angle information generation unit 931 and the average inclination angle calculation unit 932 is the same as the processing of S321 to S322 illustrated in FIG. 6B, detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

  Next, the third surface shape feature amount calculation unit 94 calculates the third surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the sinter 101 corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information (S604). The third surface shape feature amount is a concave volume per unit area of the surface shape. More detailed processing of S604 executed by the maximum value searching unit 941, the line segment group calculating unit 942, the recess angle defining unit 943, the outer frame defining unit 944, the recess volume calculating unit 945, and the recess unit volume calculating unit 946 is shown in FIG. Since it is the same as the processing of S521 to S526 shown in (b), detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  Next, the porosity determination unit 95 determines the porosity of the sinter 101 by weighting the first surface shape characteristic amount to the third surface shape characteristic amount (S605). The porosity determining unit 95 determines the first porosity based on the first correlation information indicating the correlation between the first surface shape feature amount that is the arithmetic average height and the porosity. The porosity determining unit 95 determines the second porosity based on the first correlation information indicating the correlation between the second surface shape feature amount that is the average inclination angle and the porosity. The porosity determining unit 95 determines the third porosity based on the first correlation information indicating the correlation between the third surface shape feature amount which is the volume of the concave portion per unit area and the porosity. The porosity determining unit 95 weights the determined first to third porosities to determine the weighted porosity. In one example, the first porosity, the second porosity and the third porosity are weighted in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. Then, the porosity output unit 96 outputs the weighted porosity determined in the process of S605 (S607). It should be noted that the weighting should be conducted a plurality of times in advance to determine an appropriate ratio that matches the substance of the porosity.

(About the correlation between surface shape feature and porosity)
The surface shapes of 38 sinters under different firing conditions were measured, and 38 surface shape data under different firing conditions were generated. For each of the 38 surface shape data, three surface shape feature amounts of arithmetic average height S _a , average inclination angle S _dq , and concave volume per unit area were calculated. The arithmetic average height S _a was calculated in the processing of S121 to S123, the average inclination angle S _dq was calculated in the processing of S321 to S322, and the concave volume per unit area was calculated in the processing of S521 to S526. When calculating the weighted porosity, the arithmetic average height S _a , the average inclination angle S _dq and the recess volume per unit area were weighted by 2: 2: 1. The porosity of each of the 38 sinters was measured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1. The relationship between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity of each of the 38 sinters is plotted on a graph, and the relationship between the surface shape feature amount of each of the 38 sinter ores and the porosity is shown. The correlation function shown was calculated.

FIG. 14A is a diagram showing the relationship between the arithmetic mean height S _a and the porosity, and FIG. 14B is a diagram showing the relationship between the average inclination angle S _dq and the porosity. FIG. 3C is a diagram showing the relationship between the volume of concave portions per unit area and the porosity. FIG. 14D is a diagram showing the relationship between the weighted surface shape feature amount and the porosity. The horizontal axis of FIG. 14A shows the arithmetic average height S _a , the horizontal axis of FIG. 14B shows the average inclination angle S _dq, and the horizontal axis of FIG. 14C shows the concave volume per unit area. Indicates. The vertical axis in FIGS. 14A to 14C indicates the porosity measured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1. The horizontal axis of FIG. 14D shows the weighted porosity, and the vertical axis of FIG. 14D shows the porosity measured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1. 14A to 14C, y represents an approximate expression, R ² represents a coefficient of determination, and σ represents an error in FIGS. 14A to 14D.

As shown in FIGS. 14A to 14C, when the arithmetic average height S _a , the average inclination angle S _dq, and the concave volume per unit area are used as the surface shape feature amount, the coefficient of determination is 0.75 or more. And the error is 2.7 or less, the fitting of the approximate expression y is good.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 14D, when the weighted porosity is used, the coefficient of determination is 0.87 or more and the error is 1.9 or less. Therefore, the fitting of the approximate expression y is further excellent. Is.

(Modification of the porosity measuring device according to the embodiment)
In the porosity measuring devices 1 to 6 according to the first to sixth embodiments, the surface shape measuring device 10 measures when calculating the arithmetic average height S _a , the average inclination angle S _dq, and the recess volume per unit area. Three-dimensional shape information indicating the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the sinter 101 is used. However, the porosity measuring apparatus according to the embodiment uses the two-dimensional shape information indicating the two-dimensional shape of the surface of the sinter 101 measured by the two-dimensional shape measuring apparatus to calculate the arithmetic average height _Ra and the average inclination angle. R _dq and the concave area per unit length may be calculated. The porosity measuring device according to the embodiment has correlation information indicating the correlation between the porosity and the arithmetic average height _Ra , the average inclination angle _Rdq, and the concave area per unit length calculated from the two-dimensional shape information. The porosity of the sintered ore 101 may be determined based on

FIG. 15A is a diagram showing the relationship between the arithmetic mean height _Ra and the porosity, and FIG. 15B is a diagram showing the relationship between the average inclination angle R _dq and the porosity. FIG. 3C is a diagram showing the relationship between the concave area per unit length and the porosity. The horizontal axis of FIG. 15 (a) shows the arithmetic average height R _a, the horizontal axis of FIG. 15 (b) shows the average inclination angle R _dq, recesses per horizontal axis unit length shown in FIG. 15 (c) The area is shown. The vertical axis in FIGS. 15A to 15C indicates the porosity measured by the method described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1. 15A to 15C, y represents an approximate expression, R ² represents a coefficient of determination, and σ represents an error.

Arithmetic average height R _a, when the surface shape feature a recess area per average inclination angle R _dq and unit length, arithmetic average height S _a, the average inclination angle S _dq and surface recesses volume per unit area The coefficient of determination becomes smaller and the error becomes larger than when the shape feature amount is used. However, when the arithmetic average height _Ra , the average inclination angle _Rdq, and the recess area per unit length are used as the surface shape feature amount, the coefficient of determination is 0.67 or more and the error is 3.21 or less. , The fitting of the approximate expression y is sufficiently good.

  Moreover, although the porosity measuring devices 1 to 6 according to the first to sixth embodiments measured the porosity of the sintered ore 101, the porosity measuring devices according to the embodiments show surface shapes and pores formed inside. Other porous bodies having a correlation with the shape of may be measured.

  Further, the porosity measuring device 6 according to the sixth embodiment has the first surface shape feature amount calculating unit 92 to the third surface shape feature amount calculating unit 94, but the porosity measuring device according to the embodiment has the first surface. Any two of the shape feature amount calculation unit 92 to the third surface shape feature amount calculation unit 94 may be included. The porosity measuring device according to the embodiment weights at least two of the surface shape feature amounts corresponding to any two of the first surface shape feature amount operation unit 92 to the third surface shape feature amount operation unit 94 to perform porosity. The porosity of the body may be determined.

1-6 Porosity measuring device 10 Surface shape measuring device 11 Imaging device 12 Lens 20, 25, 40, 45, 60, 80 Arithmetic device 21 Communication part 22 Storage part 23 Input part 24 Output part 30, 35, 50, 55, 70, 90 processing unit 31, 51, 71, 91 three-dimensional shape information acquisition unit 32, 52, 72, 92-94 surface shape feature amount calculation unit 33, 53, 73, 95 porosity determination unit 34, 54, 74, 96 Porosity output unit 101 Sintered ore

Claims (15)

A surface shape measuring device which measures the surface shape of the porous body and outputs three-dimensional shape information indicating the measured surface shape of the porous body;
A surface shape feature amount calculation unit that calculates a surface shape feature amount from the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information;
Based on the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity, a porosity determining unit that determines the porosity of the porous body,
A porosity measuring device comprising: The surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
A position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface shape measuring device, and a height information generation unit that generates height information including the height of the porous body at the measurement point for each of the measurement points. ,
An average height calculation unit for calculating the average value of the height of the porous body,
Based on the height information and the average value, each of the heights of the measurement points, the arithmetic average height to calculate the arithmetic average height indicating the cumulative value of the absolute value of the difference between the average value An arithmetic unit,
The porosity measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising: The arithmetic mean height calculator is
To calculate the arithmetic mean height using
Here, S _a is the arithmetic mean height, A is the projected area of the region of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring device, and z (x, y) is the porous body at the measurement point. 3. The porosity measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the porosity is height and z _average is the average value.   The porosity measuring device according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a filtering unit that performs a frequency filtering process on a surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information.   5. The filtering unit is a high-pass filter that transmits only the uneven periodic component having a cutoff period or less among the uneven periodic components forming the surface shape, and the cutoff period is 1 mm or less. The porosity measuring device described in 1. The surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
The position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring device, and first inclination angle information indicating an inclination angle of the measurement point with respect to the first direction of the porous body and the first direction are orthogonal to the first direction. A tilt angle information generating unit that generates tilt angle information including second tilt angle information indicating a tilt angle with respect to a second direction for each of the measurement points;
An average inclination angle calculator that calculates an average inclination angle of the porous body based on the first inclination angle information and the second inclination angle information;
The porosity measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising: The average tilt angle calculation unit,
To calculate the average tilt angle,
Here, S _dq is the average tilt angle, A is the projected area of the region of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring apparatus, and (∂z / ∂x) is the first tilt angle information. , (∂z / ∂y) is the second tilt angle information, The porosity measuring device according to claim 6, wherein.   The porosity measuring device according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a filtering unit that performs a frequency filtering process on a surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information.   The filtering unit is composed of a high-pass filter that transmits only unevenness periodic components equal to or less than a cutoff period among the unevenness periodic components forming the surface shape, and the cutoff period is ½ or more of a visual field. The porosity measuring device according to claim 8. The high-pass filter has an amplitude transmissibility with respect to the uneven period T.
And
The Tc is a cutoff period,
The α is
The porosity measuring device according to claim 5 or 9, which is a phase-compensating Gaussian filter. The surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
A maximum point searching unit that searches for a maximum point of the surface shape of the porous body,
A line segment group calculating unit that obtains a line segment connecting two maximum points among the maximum points searched by the maximum point searching unit for a combination of two points of all maximum points;
A recess angle defining portion that defines a straight line inclined from the group of line segments to the surface side of the porous body by a recess angle,
A straight line defined by the recessed angle defining portion, and an outer frame defining portion that defines the outermost line of the surface shape of the porous body as a line forming the outer frame of the porous body,
The distance between the shape of the outer frame defined by the outer frame defining portion and the surface of the porous body is calculated, and the calculated distance is integrated over the entire measurement region to obtain the outer frame and the porous body. A recess volume calculating unit that calculates a recess volume indicating a volume between the surface and
Dividing the concave volume by the projected area of the measurement region, a concave unit volume calculation unit for calculating the concave volume per unit area,
The porosity measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising:   The porosity measuring device according to claim 11, wherein the depression angle is in a range of 5 degrees or more and 15 degrees or less. The surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
A first surface shape feature amount calculation unit that calculates an arithmetic average height of the porous body, a second surface shape feature amount calculation unit that calculates an average inclination angle of the porous body, and a recess volume per unit area of the porous body. And at least two third surface shape feature amount calculation units for calculating
The first surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
A position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface shape measuring device, and a height information generation unit that generates height information including the height of the porous body at the measurement point for each of the measurement points. ,
An average height calculation unit for calculating the average value of the height of the porous body,
Based on the height information, and the average value of the height of the porous body, each of the height of the measurement point, the arithmetic average height indicating the cumulative value of the absolute value of the difference between the average value. An arithmetic mean height calculator for calculating,
The second surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
The position of a measurement point on the surface of the porous body measured by the surface profile measuring device, and first inclination angle information indicating an inclination angle of the measurement point with respect to the first direction of the porous body and the first direction are orthogonal to the first direction. A tilt angle information generating unit that generates tilt angle information including second tilt angle information indicating a tilt angle with respect to a second direction for each of the measurement points;
An average inclination angle calculation unit that calculates an average inclination angle of the porous body based on the first inclination angle information and the second inclination angle information,
The third surface shape feature amount calculation unit,
A maximum point searching unit that searches for a maximum point of the surface shape of the porous body,
A line segment group calculating unit that obtains a line segment connecting two maximum points among the maximum points searched by the maximum point searching unit for a combination of two points of all maximum points;
A recess angle defining portion that defines a straight line inclined from the group of line segments to the surface side of the porous body by a recess angle,
A straight line defined by the recessed angle defining portion, and an outer frame defining portion that defines the outermost line of the surface shape of the porous body as a line forming the outer frame of the porous body,
The distance between the shape of the outer frame defined by the outer frame defining portion and the surface of the porous body is calculated, and the calculated distance is integrated over the entire measurement region to obtain the outer frame and the porous body. A recess volume calculating unit that calculates a recess volume indicating a volume between the surface and
Dividing the concave volume by the projected area of the measurement region, a concave unit volume calculation unit for calculating the concave volume per unit area, and,
The porosity determining unit determines the porosity of the porous body by weighting at least two of the arithmetic average height, the average inclination angle, and the concave volume per unit area. The porosity measuring device described in 1. Measuring the surface shape of the porous body, outputting three-dimensional shape information indicating the measured surface shape of the porous body,
A surface shape feature amount is calculated from the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information,
Based on the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity, determine the porosity of the porous body,
A porosity measuring method characterized by the above. Measuring the surface shape of the porous body, outputting three-dimensional shape information indicating the measured surface shape of the porous body,
A surface shape feature amount is calculated from the surface shape of the porous body corresponding to the three-dimensional shape information,
Based on the correlation between the surface shape feature amount and the porosity, determine the porosity of the porous body,
A porosity measurement program characterized by causing a computer to execute processing.