JP6674859B2 - Disc cutter and drilling equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a disc cutter and an excavator having the disc cutter.

  As a tunnel method (TBM method) for excavating a tunnel in the ground using a tunnel boring machine (TBM), the present applicant has previously used a cylindrical excavator to precede the ground at a position corresponding to the outer ring portion of the tunnel. A method of constructing a tunnel by performing a step of excavating in an annular shape and a step of excavating the ground remaining in a columnar shape inside the excavator by a heavy machine arranged inside the excavator. .

  And, as an excavator for excavating a tunnel by such a method, an annular cutter head having a plurality of excavating members attached to the tip end surface of the device is provided, and the cutter head is rotated while being pressed against the ground. Has proposed an apparatus for excavating the ground in an annular shape (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).

Patent No. 4934234 Patent No. 5138821 JP 2014-5677 A

  A disc cutter may be used as a drilling member attached to the tip end surface of such a drilling device. The disk cutter has a disk shape and is rotatable about a rotation axis. Such a disk cutter gradually wears as the excavation of the ground continues. Then, the disc cutter that has been worn by a predetermined amount or more is replaced with a new disc cutter. However, excavation over a long distance increases the number of times the disk cutter needs to be replaced, which increases the cost of the disk cutter and requires time for replacement.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a disk cutter with less wear when excavating ground.

  The present invention relates to a disk cutter used for an excavator for excavating the ground, which has an excavation surface extending annularly around a rotation axis, and a rock formed by excavating the ground on the excavation surface of the disk cutter. Alternatively, a concave portion capable of storing earth and sand is formed.

  According to the present invention having the above configuration, at the time of excavating the ground, rock or earth and sand generated by excavating the ground is accommodated in the concave portion of the excavation surface, and the rock or earth and sand accommodated in the concave portion comes into contact with the ground. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the disk cutter itself from being worn by excavation of the ground.

In the present invention, preferably, a plurality of recesses are formed at intervals over the entire circumference of the excavation surface.
According to the present invention having the above configuration, even if the disk cutter rotates. Since the rock or earth and sand accommodated in the concave portion is securely held in the concave portion, excavation efficiency does not decrease even if the concave portion is provided.

In the present invention, preferably, the recess extends over the entire circumference of the excavation surface.
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention of the said structure, the area which rocks or earth and sand contact the ground at the time of ground excavation can be increased, and it can suppress that the disk cutter itself wears by excavation of the ground.

  An excavator according to the present invention includes the above-described disc cutter.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the disk cutter with little abrasion at the time of ground excavation is provided.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the excavator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the excavator shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 7. It is a front view of the excavator shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a cutter unit of the excavator shown in FIG. 1. It is VII-VII sectional drawing in FIG. It is VIII-VIII sectional drawing in FIG. It is IX-IX sectional drawing in FIG. 2A and 2B show a disk cutter used in the excavator according to the first embodiment, wherein FIG. 1A is a perspective view, FIG. 1B is a front view, and FIG. 1C is a side view. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a disk cutter used in the excavator according to the first embodiment. It is VV sectional drawing in FIG. 4 at the time of ground excavation. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of transporting excavated soil in the excavator shown in FIG. 1. 6A and 6B show a disk cutter according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6A is a front view and FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a tunnel digging apparatus and a tunnel digging method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 to 9 show an excavator 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view, FIG. 3 is a III-III sectional view in FIG. 5 is a front view, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the cutter portion, FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the excavator 10 includes a cylindrical shell 12, an excavation mechanism 14 provided at a tip of the shell 12 in the excavation traveling direction (hereinafter, referred to as “front”), and excavation of the ground. An excavated soil carrying-out mechanism 16 for carrying out excavated soil generated as a result and a propulsion mechanism 18 for propelling the excavated mechanism 14 are provided.

  The shell 12 includes a rotating shell 20, a first fixed shell 22, a second fixed shell 24, and a third fixed shell 26 which are sequentially connected from the front. You.

  The rotating portion shell 20 includes an annular distal end surface portion 20A forming a distal end surface, a cylindrical outer cylindrical body 20B extending rearward from an outer peripheral edge of the distal end surface portion 20A, and a cylinder extending rearward from an inner peripheral edge of the distal end surface portion 20A. And an inner cylindrical body 20C.

  Further, the first fixed part shell 22, the second fixed part shell 24, and the third fixed part shell 26 have substantially the same diameter as the outer cylinder 20B of the rotating part shell 20, respectively. The formed cylindrical outer cylinders 22B, 24B, and 26B are disposed in the outer cylinders 22B, 24B, and 26B, and have substantially the same diameter as the inner cylinder 20C of the first fixed shell 22. It is constituted by cylindrical inner cylinders 22C, 24C, 26C, and a plurality of support members (not shown) provided so as to connect the inner cylinders 22C, 24C, 26C and the outer cylinders 22B, 24B, 26B. You. These shells 20, 22, 24, 26 are each made of a steel material. Note that the first fixed portion is formed such that a rear end of the inner cylindrical body 20C of the rotating shell 20 is formed with a gap 20D between the front end of the inner cylindrical body 22C of the first fixed shell 22. The shell 22 terminates ahead of the front end of the inner cylinder 22C.

  Inner cylinders 20C, 22C, 24C, 26C, and outer cylinder that constitute rotating part shell 20, first fixed part shell 22, second fixed part shell 24, and third fixed part shell 26 The bodies 20B, 22B, 24B, and 26B are arranged concentrically and coaxially with the rotation axis of the excavating mechanism 14, which will be described in detail later, so that the inner cylinders 20C, 22C, 24C, 26C and the outer cylinders 20B, 22B, An annular space is formed between the outer space 24B and the outer space 24B. The supporting member is made of a rod-shaped or plate-shaped steel material, the number of which can support the earth pressure acting on the outer cylinder 20B, 22B, 24B, 26B, and the center of the center axis of the inner cylinder 20C, 22C, 24C, 26C. The inner cylinders 20C, 22C, 24C, 26C and the outer cylinders 20B, 22B, 24B, 26B are provided radially at appropriate intervals in the circumferential and axial directions. The propulsion mechanism 18 is accommodated in an annular space between the inner cylinders 20C, 22C, 24C, 26C and the outer cylinders 20B, 22B, 24B, 26B.

  The rotating part shell 20 is rotatably connected to the first fixed part shell 22. The slip can be improved by interposing a bearing or the like between the rotating part shell 20 and the first fixed part shell 22.

  The front ends of the inner cylindrical body 24C and the outer cylindrical body 24B of the second fixed part shell 24 are located between the inner cylindrical body 22C of the first fixed part shell 22 and the rear end of the outer cylindrical body 22B. It is housed in the space. With this configuration, the second fixed part shell 24 is connected to the first fixed part shell 22 so as to be slidable in the axial direction.

  Similarly, the front ends of the inner cylinder 26C and the outer cylinder 26B of the third fixed shell 26 are the rear ends of the inner cylinder 26C and the outer cylinder 26B of the second fixed shell 24. Is housed between. With this configuration, the third fixed portion shell 26 is connected to the second fixed portion shell 24 so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The connection between the first fixed part shell 22 and the second fixed part shell 24 and the connection between the second fixed part shell 24 and the third fixed part shell 26 are provided in the axial direction. A guide member for guiding sliding may be provided.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the excavating mechanism 14 includes a cutter unit (cutter head) 30 including a plurality of excavation bits formed on the distal end surface 20 </ b> A of the rotating unit shell 20 and a first fixed unit shell 22. A reduction gear 32 and a motor 34 arranged.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, a plurality of openings 36 are formed in the distal end surface portion 20 </ b> A of the rotating body shell 20 at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a space 20 </ b> E between the outside and the rotating body shell 20. Communicate with each other through the opening 36.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the cutter portion 30 includes a plurality of disk cutters 38 provided at intervals in the circumferential direction on a planar distal end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20 and an opening formed on the distal end surface portion 20A. The rotary member 20 includes a plate-shaped drill bit 40 provided at an edge of the rotary member 36 and a protruding rib 39 attached to the distal end surface portion 20A of the rotating shell 20.

  The protruding rib 39 is made of, for example, a square bar made of steel such as SS400 (former JIS standard SS41). As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the protruding rib 39 extends from the inner edge to the outer edge in a substantially radial direction on the distal end surface portion 20 </ b> A of the rotating portion shell 20. It is provided to extend in the direction. The projecting rib 39 holds the earth and sand generated by the excavation while covering the surface of the distal end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20, as described later in detail.

  In the present embodiment, the protruding rib 39 is formed of a square bar having a width of 30 mm and a height of 30 mm, and the distal end surface 20A of the rotating shell 20 is formed so that the interval between the circumferentially adjacent protruding ribs 39 is about 200 mm. Attached to. These protruding ribs 39 are attached so as to cross the rotating direction (circumferential direction) of the rotating shell 20. In order to hold the earth and sand in a state of covering the surface of the tip end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20, the angle of the protruding rib 39 with respect to the radial direction is preferably 30 ° or less. That is, the angle of the protruding rib 39 with respect to the rotation direction (circumferential direction) is preferably 60 ° to 120 °. In this embodiment, some of the protruding ribs 39 extend in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the disk cutter 38, and the other protruding ribs 39 extend in parallel with the drill bit 40.

  The height of the protruding rib 39 from the distal end surface 20A is lower than the height of the disk cutter 38 and lower than the height of the drill bit 40. If the height of the protruding rib 39 from the tip end surface 20A is higher than the disc cutter 38 and the drill bit 40, the protruding rib 39 will hit the ground to be excavated, and these bits will Is not excavated. Since the height of the disc cutter 38 and the drill bit 40 is generally about 50 mm, the height of the projecting rib 39 needs to be 50 mm or less. Also, the height of the protruding rib 39 should be 10 mm or more so that the surface of the tip end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20 holds earth and sand having a thickness sufficient to protect the rotating portion shell 20. Is preferred.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a pin rack 35 is attached to the rear end of the rotating shell 20 via a ring 33. A reduction gear 32 is connected to a motor 34 disposed in the first fixed portion shell 22, and a pinion 37 is attached to the reduction gear 32. The pinion 37 attached to the speed reducer 32 is engaged with the pin rack 35 attached to the rotating part shell 20. As a result, when the motor 34 rotates, the torque is amplified and transmitted to the rotating shell 20 via the reduction gear 32, and the rotating shell 20 is rotated about the central axis by the first to third rotations. It rotates with respect to the fixed shells 22, 24, 26.

  Each disk cutter 38 is arranged at a different position in the radial direction. Accordingly, when the rotating shell 20 rotates in the circumferential direction, the trajectories that the disk cutters 38 pass are concentric circles that are substantially equally spaced in the radial direction, and uniform excavation can be performed regardless of the diameter.

FIG. 10 shows a disk cutter used in the excavator of the first embodiment, where (A) is a perspective view, (B) is a front view, and (C) is a side view. FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of a disk cutter used in the excavator according to the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 10, the disk cutter 38 is made of a steel material, and has a disk-shaped cutter body 90, a cylindrical side part 91 protruding from both sides of the cutter body 90, and a side part from the center of the side part 91. An extending shaft portion 92. Also, a plurality of teeth 93 are provided at equal angular intervals so as to project radially from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter body 90. Each tooth portion 93 has a rectangular circumferential cross section. The cutter body 90, the side part 91, the shaft part 92, and the tooth part 93 are integrally formed. The tooth portion 93 has an axial width of about 20 mm, a circumferential length of about 20 mm, and a radial height of about 30 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 11, a steel plate 94 is attached between the adjacent teeth 93 so as to connect between the side edges of the adjacent teeth 93. These steel plates 94 have the same radial height as the teeth 93, and the side surfaces of the teeth 93 and the side surfaces of the steel plate 94 are flush with each other. As will be described later, the disk cutter 38 functions as an excavation surface 96 for excavating the ground when its peripheral surface contacts the ground. A plurality of rectangular recesses 95 having a rectangular cross section opened on the excavation surface 96 are formed at equal intervals by the adjacent teeth 93 and a pair of steel plates 94 provided between the teeth 93. Each recess 95 has a radial depth of about 30 mm, an axial width of about 10 to 15 mm, and a circumferential length of about 20 to 30 mm.

  The drill bit 40 is made of a bit having a sharp tip, and excavates so that the surface cut by the disk cutter 38 is made flat by the rotation of the rotating shell 20.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the excavated soil discharge mechanism 16 is provided in the space 20E inside the rotating shell 20 so as to divide the space 20E inside the rotating shell 20 into a plurality of chambers 20F in the circumferential direction. The plurality of plate members 42 are fixed to the front end of the inner cylindrical body 22C of the first fixed part shell 22 and attached so as to extend toward the rear end of the inner cylindrical body 20C of the rotating part shell 20. The rotating plate 20 includes a closing plate 44 and a jet nozzle (not shown) whose outlet is provided on the surface of the distal end surface portion 20A of the rotating shell 20 so as to spray water toward the ground.

  Each of the plate members 42 has a distal end connected to the back surface of the distal end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20 where the drill bit 40 is attached, and is provided perpendicular to the distal end surface portion 20A. In addition, in this embodiment, although the board | plate material 42 is provided perpendicularly with respect to the front-end | tip surface part 20A, it is not restricted to this, It is provided so that it may incline in the peripheral direction of the rotating part shell 20 toward back. Is also good. Thus, by providing the plate member 42 in the rotating part shell 20, the rigidity of the rotating part shell 20 can be improved.

  The closing plate 44 defines a gap 20D between the rear end of the inner cylindrical body 20C of the rotating part shell 20 and the front end of the inner cylindrical body 22C of the first fixed part shell 22 from the lowest in the circumferential direction. (In the present embodiment, portions of about 120 ° on both sides in the circumferential direction from the lowermost part) are provided so as to be closed.

  As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 7, and 8, the propulsion mechanism 18 includes a front axial jack 52, a rear axial jack 50, a front radial jack 54, and a rear radial jack. 56 and an auxiliary propulsion jack 57.

  The front axial jack 52 extends from the first fixed part shell 22 to the second fixed part shell 24 and is housed between the inner cylinders 22C, 24C and the outer cylinders 22B, 24B. Are fixed to the support member of the first fixed part shell 22, and the rear end is fixed to the support member of the second fixed part shell 24.

  The rear axial jack 52 is housed between the inner cylinders 24C, 26C and the outer cylinders 24B, 26B from the second fixed part shell 24 to the third fixed part shell 26, and has a distal end. Are fixed to the support member of the second fixed portion shell 24, and the rear end is fixed to the support member of the third fixed portion shell 26.

  A plurality of these front axial jacks 52 and rear axial jacks 50 are provided at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction so as not to interfere with other members.

  The front radial jack 54 is housed in the first fixed part shell 22. An opening is formed in the outer cylindrical body 22B of the first fixed portion shell 22 at a position corresponding to the front radial jack 54, and the front radial jack 54 is outside the drilling device 10 from this opening in the radial direction. It can be extended and contracted so as to protrude toward it.

  The rear radial jack 56 is housed in the third fixed part shell 26. An opening is formed in the outer cylindrical body 26B of the third fixed portion shell 26 at a position corresponding to the rear radial jack 56, and the rear radial jack 56 is radially outside the excavator 10 from this opening. It can be extended and contracted so as to protrude toward it.

The propulsion jack 57 is arranged below the rear end of the excavator 10 and is extendable and retractable toward the rear of the excavator 10.
The front axial jack 52, the rear axial jack 50, the front radial jack 54, the rear radial jack 56, and the propulsion jack 57 are connected to a control device (not shown). The hydraulic pressure is supplied by the control device.
At the rear of the inner space of the excavator 10, a gantry 70 is held horizontally.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the excavating system 1 includes an excavated soil receiving plate 100, a sieve mechanism 102, a hopper 104, a rock crusher 106, and a conveyor 81 as the excavated soil carrying mechanism 16.

  The excavated soil receiving plate 100 is a plate material horizontally extending rearward from the inside of the rotating portion shell 20. The excavated soil receiving plate 100 is provided at the same height as the lower end of the inner surface of the inner cylindrical body 20 </ b> C of the rotating shell 20, and the inner cylindrical body 20 </ b> C of the rotating shell 20 and the first fixed shell 22. , 22C so that no gap is formed between them.

  The sieving mechanism 102 extends horizontally rearward continuously from the rear end of the excavated soil receiving plate 100. In the sieving mechanism 102, steel plates are arranged in a grid or in parallel at predetermined intervals. Rocks and earth and sand of a predetermined size (for example, about 25 cm or less) fall downward, and rocks of a larger size are dropped. It is a member that does not drop. The front end of the sieving mechanism 102 extends horizontally continuously to the rear end of the excavated soil receiving plate 100. The excavated soil receiving plate 100 and the sieving mechanism 102 are provided at a position lower than the gantry 70.

  The conveyor 81 has a tip located below the sieving mechanism 102 and extends rearward. In addition, the lower part of the inner cylindrical bodies 22C, 24C, 26C of the first fixed part shell 22, the second fixed part shell 24, and the third fixed part shell 26 is cut out over a predetermined width, The conveyor 81 is arranged in the cut portion. The conveyor 81 extends rearward, is inclined obliquely upward at the rear of the excavator 10, and has a rear end located above the rear conveyor 81. The inner space of the excavator according to the present invention is not limited to the inside of the inner cylindrical bodies 22C, 24C, and 26C. In this manner, the space including the inner cylinder bodies 22C, 24C, and 26C that are cut out and open toward the center of the apparatus is also included.

  The hopper 104 is located immediately below the sieving mechanism 102 and above the conveyor 81, and has a shape such that the cross-sectional area decreases downward. Excavated soil that has fallen through the sieving mechanism 102 is guided by the hopper 104 so as to fall onto the conveyor 81.

  The crusher 106 is a two-shaft crusher having a screw-shaped crush bit. As such a crusher, for example, a sizer manufactured by MMD can be used. The crusher 106 is disposed immediately above the conveyor 81 such that the front upper end is connected to the rear end of the sieving mechanism 102 and the rear end is located below the gantry 70. Further, the crusher 106 is provided at an inclination of, for example, about 10 degrees so that the rear is higher than the front.

Hereinafter, a method of constructing a tunnel by the tunnel excavation system of the present embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, the excavator 10 excavates the ground in an annular cross section first, and the excavator 62 excavates the remaining ground at the center, thereby constructing a tunnel having a circular cross section.

Hereinafter, a method of excavating the ground in an annular cross section by the excavator 10 will be described.
When excavating the ground, the rotating unit shell 20 is rotated with respect to the fixed unit shells 22, 24, and 26 while the excavator 10 is propelled by the propulsion mechanism 18, and further excavated by the excavated soil discharging mechanism 16. Perform while discharging the soil.

  In order to propel the excavator 10, first, the rear radial jack 56 is extended radially outward to press the surrounding ground. Then, the rear axial jack 50 is extended in a state where a reaction force is applied to the surrounding ground by the rear radial jack 56. Thereby, the rotating part shell 20, the first fixed part shell 22, and the second fixed part shell 24 are pushed forward with respect to the third fixed part shell 26. At this time, the ground can be excavated in an annular shape by the disk cutter 38 and the drill bit 40 by rotating the rotating shell 20.

  That is, the motor 34 of the excavating mechanism 14 is rotated while the cutter 30 of the rotating shell 20 is pressed against the ground by the propulsion mechanism 18. The torque of the motor 34 is transmitted to the speed reducer 32 to amplify the torque, and rotates the rotating shell 20 via the pinion 37 and the pin rack 35. When the rotating part shell 20 rotates, first, the ground is excavated in a sawtooth cross section by the disk cutter 38 of the cutter part 30, and further, the surface irregularities are cut by the drill bit 40. Thereby, the ground can be excavated in an annular shape.

  Here, as described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11, a plurality of recesses 95 are formed on the excavation surface 96 of the disk cutter 38 at equal angular intervals. For this reason, rocks and excavated soil generated by excavating the ground are accommodated in the concave portions 95. When the rotating part shell 20 rotates, the disk cutter 38 excavates the ground. At this time, not only the teeth 93 of the disk cutter 38 but also the rocks and excavated soil contained in the recess 95 come into contact with the ground. . Then, the rock or the excavated soil stored in the concave portion 95 excavates the ground. Therefore, wear of the disk cutter 38 is reduced.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the protruding rib 39 is provided on the distal end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20 so as to extend in the circumferential direction. Since the rotating shell 20 is pressed forward, the excavated soil 82 generated by excavation of the ground due to the rotation of the rotating shell 20 is formed between the projecting ribs 39 as shown in FIG. Get into it. The excavated soil 82 that has thus entered between the protruding ribs 39 is held by the protruding rib 39 in a state of covering the distal end surface 20A even when the rotating portion shell 20 rotates, and Rotates with 20.

  Here, since the cutter part 30 is pressurized toward the ground, there is a possibility that the rock may come into contact with the tip end surface portion 20A of the rotating part shell 20 particularly when excavating a solid rock. The excavated soil generated by the rotation of the rotating shell 20 may include rocks that have not been crushed by the disk cutter 38 or the drill bit 40. When such a rock collides with the distal end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20, there is a possibility that the distal end surface portion 20A may be damaged.

  However, in the present embodiment, since the protruding rib 39 is attached to the tip end surface portion 20A of the rotating portion shell 20, rock produced by rock or excavation comes into contact with the earth and sand 82 held by the protruding rib 39. Becomes Thus, it is possible to prevent the rock or the rock from directly colliding with the tip end surface portion 20A and damaging the cutter portion 30.

  When excavating the ground by rotating the rotating shell 20, the excavation traveling direction of the excavator 10 can be adjusted by extending each of the front axial jacks 52 by a different length. That is, for example, by making the extension length of the front axial jack 52 located below the device longer than the extension length of the front axial jack 52 located above the device, the rotating shell 20 and The first fixed part shell 22 can be directed obliquely upward with respect to the second fixed part shell 24.

  Next, the front radial jack 54 is extended radially outward to press the surrounding ground. Then, the rear axial jack 50 is contracted while a reaction force is applied to the surrounding ground by the front radial jack 54. As a result, the third fixed part shell 26 is drawn toward the first fixed part shell 22. By repeating the above steps, the excavator 10 can be advanced.

The excavator 10 can be advanced using the propulsion jack 57 without being limited to the above method. That is, first, the front and rear radial jacks 54 and 56 are retracted. In this state, the propulsion jack 57 is extended by applying a reaction force to the inner formwork or the like attached to the already excavated tunnel. Thereby, the excavator 10 moves forward. Then, at least one of the front and rear radial jacks 54, 56 is extended radially outward to press the surrounding ground. Then, the propulsion jack 57 is retreated, and a new inner mold is mounted at a position behind the propulsion jack 57.
By repeating the above steps, the excavator 10 can be propelled.

  Along with the above-described propulsion work and excavation work, the excavated soil generated by the excavation work by the excavator 10 is sent to the rear of the apparatus.

  The excavated soil generated by excavating the ground by the cutter unit 30 is stirred with water jetted from the jet nozzle, so that fluidity is improved. Then, the excavated soil is accommodated in the chamber 20 </ b> F in the rotating part shell 20 from the opening 36 formed in the tip end surface part 20 </ b> A of the rotating part shell 20. Then, the excavated soil contained in the chamber 20F is discharged from the gap 20D into the space inside the excavator 10 (that is, inside the inner cylindrical body 22C).

  At this time, the gap 20D between the rear end of the inner cylindrical body 20C of the rotating part shell 20 and the front end of the inner cylindrical body 22C of the first fixed part shell 22 is minimized by the closing plate 44 in the circumferential direction. Since the portion from the lower portion to the predetermined height is closed, the excavated soil in the chamber 20F rotated to the predetermined height is discharged to the inner space of the inner cylinder. As a result, the excavated soil conveyed to the inside of the device accumulates downward, and the rear end of the inner cylinder 20 </ b> C of the rotating shell 20 and the front end of the inner cylinder 22 </ b> C of the first fixed shell 22. Can be prevented from closing the gap 20D between them.

  Further, in parallel with the above-described operation of excavating the ground in an annular shape by the excavator 10, the ground inside the portion excavated in the annular shape by the excavator 10 is excavated by the breaker 62.

  Next, a method of transporting the excavated soil generated by excavating the ground to the device construction method will be described. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of transporting excavated soil.

  As described above, when the ground is excavated in an annular shape by the cutter unit 30, the excavated soil 110 including rocks and the like generated by the excavation is accommodated in the rotating shell 20 and closed by the closing plate of the gap 20D. It falls from the part which does not exist, and is discharged | emitted to the inside space of the excavator 10.

  As described above, since the trajectory through which the disk cutter 38 passes is a concentric circle having substantially equal intervals (for example, about 8 cm) in the radial direction, the size of the excavated soil 110 discharged from the rotating shell 20 in this manner is It is about 8 cm. The excavated soil 110 discharged from the rotating shell 20 accumulates on the excavated soil receiving plate 100, and is sent to the sieving mechanism 102 as the excavation proceeds.

  Since most of the excavated soil 110 sent to the sieving mechanism 102 has a small diameter, most of the excavated soil 110 falls through the sieving mechanism 102, and is further guided by the hopper 104 and falls onto the conveyor 81.

  As described above, most of the excavated soil 110 discharged from the rotating shell 20 falls through the sieving mechanism 102 onto the conveyor 81, and is conveyed to the rear of the apparatus by the conveyor 81.

  The columnar ground 120 left after the ground is excavated in an annular shape by the cutter unit 30 is crushed by the breaker 62. The excavated soil generated by crushing the ground 120 by the breaker 62 in this way includes rocks having a diameter of about 1 m. The excavated soil generated by crushing the ground 120 by the breaker 62 is sent to the crusher 106 and crushed finely to a diameter of 25 cm or less. The excavated soil crushed by the crusher 106 in this manner falls on the conveyor 81, and is sent to the rear along with the excavated soil dropped on the conveyor 81 through the sieving mechanism 102. At this time, the excavated soil generated by crushing the ground 120 by the breaker 62 may fall on the conveyor 81 through the sieving mechanism 102.

  Further, as the excavation proceeds and the excavator 10 moves forward, the end (rear end) of the ground 120 remaining in a columnar shape reaches the crusher 106. As described above, the crusher 106 has a front end approximately the same height as the inner cylindrical body 20C of the rotating portion shell 20, and is provided to be inclined so that the rear is higher than the front. When the end (rear end) of the columnar ground 120 reaches the crusher 106, the lower end of the columnar ground 120 is crushed by the crusher 106, and the crushed excavated soil falls onto the conveyor 81.

  If the excavated soil 110 discharged from the rotating shell 20 contains large rocks or the like, the excavated soil 110 may be sent to the crusher 106 together with the excavated soil generated by crushing the columnar ground 120. .

  The excavated soil that has fallen on the conveyor 81 in this way is transported to the rear of the device by the conveyor 81 and discharged out of the tunnel by a dump truck or the like.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the concave portion 95 is formed in the excavation surface 96 of the disk cutter 38, rocks or earth and sand generated by excavating the ground during the excavation of the ground will The rock or earth and sand contained in the concave portion 95 comes into contact with the ground. Thus, the rock or earth and sand contained in the concave portion 95 excavates the ground, so that the disk cutter 38 itself can be prevented from being worn by the excavation of the ground.

  In the present embodiment, a plurality of recesses 95 are formed at intervals over the entire circumference of the excavation surface 96. For this reason, the rock or earth and sand contained in the concave portion 95 is securely held in the concave portion 95, so that even if the concave portion 95 is provided, the excavation efficiency does not decrease.

  In the first embodiment, a cylindrical excavator having an annular cutter head has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to a cylindrical excavator having a circular cutter head. .

  Further, in the first embodiment, the concave portion is provided on the peripheral surface of the disk cutter which is the excavation surface, but the cross-sectional shape of the excavation surface is not limited. That is, for example, the present invention can be applied to a disk cutter having a cross-sectional shape such as a curved surface.

  Further, in the first embodiment, a plurality of recesses are formed on the excavation surface at intervals, but the shape of the recesses is not limited to this. 14A and 14B show a disk cutter according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 14A is a front view and FIG. 14B is a side view. As shown in the figure, the disk cutter 138 of the second embodiment is made of a steel material and has a disc-shaped cutter body 190, a cylindrical side portion 191 protruding from both sides of the cutter body 190, and a side portion 191. A shaft 192 extending laterally from the center. In addition, a pair of annular side wall portions 193 are provided upright on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter body 190 at intervals so as to extend in the circumferential direction. Similarly to the first embodiment, the disk cutter 138 also functions as an excavation surface 196 for excavating the ground by contacting its peripheral surface with the ground. A recess 195 having a rectangular cross section extends between the pair of side walls 193 over the entire circumference of the peripheral surface of the disk cutter 138. The concave portion 195 has a radial depth of about 20 to 30 mm. In this embodiment, the shape of the concave portion of the disk cutter is different from that of the first embodiment, but the other components such as the excavator are the same.

  When the ground is excavated by the excavator according to the present embodiment, since the concave portion 195 is formed on the excavated surface 196 of the disk cutter 138 over the entire circumference, rocks and excavated soil generated by excavating the ground are formed by the concave portion 195. To be housed. When the rotating shell 20 rotates, the disk cutter 138 excavates the ground. At this time, not only the side wall 193 of the disk cutter 138 but also the rock or excavated soil accommodated in the concave portion 195 comes into contact with the ground. . Then, the rock or excavated soil stored in the concave portion 195 excavates the ground. Therefore, wear of the disk cutter 138 is reduced.

  According to the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the rock or earth and sand contained in the concave portion 95 excavates the ground, so that the disk cutter 38 itself can be prevented from being worn by the excavation of the ground.

  Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, since the concave portion 95 is provided over the entire circumference of the excavation surface, the area where the rock or the earth and sand comes into contact with the ground at the time of excavating the ground can be increased, and the disk cutter 138 itself can be further grounded. Wear due to excavation can be suppressed.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 excavating device 12 shell 14 excavating mechanism 16 excavated soil unloading mechanism 18 propulsion mechanism 20 rotating part shell 20A tip surface 20B, 22B, 24B, 26B outer cylinder 20C, 22C, 24C, 26C inner cylinder 20D gap 20E space 20F Chamber 22 First fixed part shell 24 Second fixed part shell 26 Third fixed part shell 30 Cutter part 32 Reducer 33 Ring 34 Motor 35 Pin rack 36 Opening 38 Disk cutter 39 Projected rib 40 Drilling bit 42 plate material 44 closing plate 50 rear axial jack 52 front axial jack 54 front radial jack 56 rear radial jack 57 propulsion jack 62 breaker 70 mount 81 conveyor 82 excavated soil (sand)
90 Cutter body 91 Side part 92 Shaft part 93 Tooth part 94 Steel plate 95 Recess 96 Excavation surface 100 Excavated soil receiving plate 102 Sieve mechanism 104 Hopper 106 Crusher 110 Excavated soil 120 Ground 138 Disk cutter 190 Cutter body 191 Side part 192 Shaft part 193 Side wall 195 Concavity 196 Excavation surface

Claims (4)

A disk cutter used for an excavator for excavating the ground,
A digging surface extending annularly around the axis of rotation,
On the excavation surface of the disk cutter, a recess capable of accommodating rock or earth and sand generated by excavating the ground is formed ,
The disk cutter is
A disk-shaped cutter body,
A plurality of teeth protruding radially from a radially outer peripheral surface of the cutter body,
And a pair of plate portions provided between the plurality of tooth portions,
The concave portion is formed in a space surrounded by adjacent teeth and a pair of plates provided between the adjacent teeth.
A disk cutter, characterized in that:   A disk cutter used for an excavator for excavating the ground,
  A digging surface extending annularly around the axis of rotation,
  On the excavation surface of the disk cutter, a recess capable of accommodating rock or earth and sand generated by excavating the ground is formed,
  The disk cutter is
  A disk-shaped cutter body,
  The cutter body has a pair of side wall portions erected so as to extend in a circumferential direction on a radially outer peripheral surface of the cutter body,
  The concave portion is formed between the pair of side wall portions,
  Radial height of the pair of side wall portions is equal, a constant diameter over the entire circumference,
  The disk cutter according to claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the pair of side wall portions and the concave portion is formed as a flat surface having no depression or protrusion. A plurality of recesses are formed at intervals over the entire circumference of the excavation surface,
The disk cutter according to claim 1.   An excavator having the disk cutter according to claim 1.

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