JP6674359B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents
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- JP6674359B2 JP6674359B2 JP2016184160A JP2016184160A JP6674359B2 JP 6674359 B2 JP6674359 B2 JP 6674359B2 JP 2016184160 A JP2016184160 A JP 2016184160A JP 2016184160 A JP2016184160 A JP 2016184160A JP 6674359 B2 JP6674359 B2 JP 6674359B2
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Description
本発明は液晶表示装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
液晶表示装置（以下、ＬＣＤとも言う）などのフラットパネルディスプレイは、消費電力が小さく、省スペースの画像表示装置として年々その用途が広がっている。近年のフラットパネルディスプレイ市場において、ＴＶ用途をメインとする大型用途、タブレットＰＣやスマートフォンなどの中小型用途の双方においてＬＣＤ性能改善として省電力化、高精細化、プライバシーの保護として視野角制御、３Ｄ表示、色再現性向上のための開発が進んでいる。 2. Description of the Related Art Flat panel displays such as liquid crystal display devices (hereinafter, also referred to as LCDs) have low power consumption and are increasingly used as space-saving image display devices year by year. In the recent flat panel display market, in both large-sized applications, mainly TV applications, and small- and medium-sized applications such as tablet PCs and smartphones, power saving as a way to improve LCD performance, higher definition, viewing angle control as privacy protection, and 3D Development for improving display and color reproducibility is in progress.
例えば、特許文献１では、凹凸構造を利用しバックライトのＬＥＤ光を選択的に液晶セルに入光させることで、ＬＥＤ光を特定の方向へ指向させ、視野角制御、分割表示を可能にするバックライトシステムが提案されている。
また、非特許文献１では、指向性可変バックライトシステムを利用することで左右の３Ｄ表示が可能であることが報告されている。
For example, in Patent Literature 1, an LED light of a backlight is selectively incident on a liquid crystal cell by using an uneven structure, whereby the LED light is directed to a specific direction, and a viewing angle control and a divided display are enabled. Backlight systems have been proposed.
Non-Patent Document 1 reports that left and right 3D display can be performed by using a variable directivity backlight system.
裸眼３Ｄ表示にはクロストークを防ぐため高速応答可能なＴＮセルを使用することが好まれる。その場合、ＴＮセルのバックライト側偏光板はＬＣＤの各辺に対し４５°の方向に透過軸をもつことが多い。一方、バックライトシステムは反射を利用してＬＥＤ光を指向させていることから、出光する光はＬＣＤの各辺に対して、０もしくは９０°方向をメインとする偏光となっており、偏光板の透過軸との偏光方向の不一致から輝度が低下してしまうことがある。 It is preferable to use a TN cell capable of high-speed response in order to prevent crosstalk for naked-eye 3D display. In that case, the backlight-side polarizing plate of the TN cell often has a transmission axis in a direction of 45 ° with respect to each side of the LCD. On the other hand, since the backlight system directs the LED light using reflection, the emitted light is polarized with the main direction of 0 or 90 ° with respect to each side of the LCD. In some cases, the brightness may be reduced due to the mismatch of the polarization direction with the transmission axis.
これに対して、例えば、特許文献２では、λ／２フィルムを用いた偏光軸変換が提案されている。一方で、上述した指向性可変バックライトユニットの偏光軸変換に用いた場合、斜め視野における色味変化が優れないことから、左右２画素で色味差が生じてしまい、表示性能が劣化することがわかった。 On the other hand, for example, Patent Document 2 proposes polarization axis conversion using a λ / 2 film. On the other hand, when used for the polarization axis conversion of the above-described variable directivity backlight unit, since the color change in the oblique view is not excellent, a color difference occurs between the left and right pixels, and the display performance is deteriorated. I understood.
そこで、本発明は凹凸構造を有する指向性可変バックライトユニットを用いて、裸眼３Ｄ表示性能と輝度が優れる液晶表示装置を提供することを課題とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent naked-eye 3D display performance and luminance by using a variable directivity backlight unit having an uneven structure.
本発明者らは、特定の層構成、物性を持つ旋光フィルムを用いて、特定の層構成、軸関係を持つ液晶表示装置とすることで、指向性可変バックライトユニットを用いても、裸眼３Ｄ表示性能と輝度が優れる液晶表示装置とできることを見出した。 The present inventors have proposed a liquid crystal display device having a specific layer configuration and an axial relationship by using an optical rotation film having a specific layer configuration and physical properties. It has been found that a liquid crystal display device having excellent display performance and luminance can be obtained.
また、近年の液晶セルの高精細化により、バックライト側偏光板と指向性可変バックライトユニットが擦れることに起因する微小な傷が課題となって来ている。一方、本発明の層構成とすることにより、この傷も改善することができることがわかった。 In addition, due to the recent increase in the definition of liquid crystal cells, minute scratches due to friction between the backlight side polarizing plate and the directivity variable backlight unit have become an issue. On the other hand, it was found that the flaw can be improved by the layer constitution of the present invention.
すなわち、以下の構成により上記課題を達成することができることを見出した。 That is, it has been found that the above-described object can be achieved by the following configuration.
［１］ 凹凸構造を有する指向性可変バックライトユニットと、旋光層と、液晶セルとをこの順に有し、旋光層は、液晶性化合物を含み、旋光層の指向性可変バックライトユニット側の表面側の液晶性化合物の配向方向と、指向性可変バックライトユニットからの出射光の偏光軸とがなす角が、０°〜１０°であり、液晶性化合物が、ねじれ配向しており、そのねじれ角が３０〜１５０°である液晶表示装置。
［２］ 液晶セルが、ツイステッドネマチック方式の液晶セルである［１］に記載の液晶表示装置。
［３］ 液晶セルと旋光層との間に偏光子を有し、旋光層の偏光子側の表面側の液晶性化合物の配向方向と、偏光子の透過軸とがなす角が、０〜１０°である［１］または［２］に記載の液晶表示装置。
［４］ 旋光層の、屈折率異方性△ｎと膜厚ｄとの積△ｎｄが４５０〜５９０ｎｍである［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
［５］ 旋光層の膜厚ｄが１〜１０μｍである［１］〜［４］のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
［６］ 凹凸構造を有する指向性可変バックライトユニットと旋光層との間に、輝度向上フィルムを有する［１］〜［５］のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
［７］ 旋光層と輝度向上フィルムとが粘着剤を介して積層されている［６］に記載の液晶表示装置。
[1] A variable directivity backlight unit having a concavo-convex structure, an optical rotation layer, and a liquid crystal cell are provided in this order, the optical rotation layer includes a liquid crystal compound, and a surface of the optical rotation layer on the variable directivity backlight unit side. The angle between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal compound on the side and the polarization axis of the light emitted from the directivity variable backlight unit is 0 ° to 10 °, and the liquid crystal compound is twisted and aligned. A liquid crystal display device having an angle of 30 to 150 °.
[2] The liquid crystal display device according to [1], wherein the liquid crystal cell is a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell.
[3] A polarizer is provided between the liquid crystal cell and the optical rotation layer, and the angle between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal compound on the polarizer side surface of the optical rotation layer and the transmission axis of the polarizer is 0 to 10. The liquid crystal display device according to [1] or [2], wherein the angle is °.
[4] The liquid crystal display device according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the product Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn and the film thickness d of the optical rotation layer is 450 to 590 nm.
[5] The liquid crystal display device according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the optical rotation layer has a thickness d of 1 to 10 μm.
[6] The liquid crystal display device according to any one of [1] to [5], further including a brightness enhancement film between the variable directivity backlight unit having an uneven structure and the optical rotation layer.
[7] The liquid crystal display device according to [6], wherein the optical rotation layer and the brightness enhancement film are laminated via an adhesive.
本発明によれば、凹凸構造を有する指向性可変バックライトユニットを用いて、裸眼３Ｄ表示性能と輝度が優れる液晶表示装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent naked-eye 3D display performance and luminance by using a variable directivity backlight unit having an uneven structure.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。
なお、本明細書において、「〜」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「〜」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
また、本明細書において、偏光板とは、偏光子の少なくとも一方に偏光板保護層、または機能層が配置されたものを言い、偏光子と偏光板は区別して用いる。
また、本明細書において、平行、直交とは厳密な意味での平行、直交を意味するのではなく、平行または直交から±５°の範囲を意味する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The description of the components described below may be made based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
In addition, in this specification, a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit and an upper limit.
In this specification, a polarizing plate refers to a polarizing plate in which a polarizing plate protective layer or a functional layer is provided on at least one of the polarizers. The polarizer and the polarizing plate are used separately.
In this specification, the terms parallel and orthogonal do not mean strictly parallel and orthogonal, but mean a range of ± 5 ° from parallel or orthogonal.
《屈折率》
本発明において、屈折率Ｎｘ、Ｎｙ、Ｎｚは、アッベ屈折計（ＮＡＲ−４Ｔ、アタゴ（株）製）を使用し、光源にナトリウムランプ（λ＝５８９ｎｍ）を用いて測定する。また波長依存性を測定する場合は、多波長アッベ屈折計ＤＲ−Ｍ２（アタゴ（株）製）にて、干渉フィルターとの組合せで測定できる。
《Refractive index》
In the present invention, the refractive indexes Nx, Ny, and Nz are measured using an Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T, manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) using a sodium lamp (λ = 589 nm) as a light source. When the wavelength dependence is measured, it can be measured with a multi-wavelength Abbe refractometer DR-M2 (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) in combination with an interference filter.
また、ポリマーハンドブック（ＪＯＨＮ ＷＩＬＥＹ＆ＳＯＮＳ，ＩＮＣ）、各種光学フィルムのカタログの値を使用することもできる。 In addition, values from polymer handbooks (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical films can also be used.
《旋光層の捩じれ角度》
本発明において、液晶性化合物の捩じれ角度は、旋光層の一方の表面側での面内遅相軸と、反対側の表面側での面内遅相軸がなす角度で表わす。各表面側での面内遅相軸は、ＡｘｏＳｃａｎ ＯＰＭＦ−１（オプトサイエンス社製）を用い、付属の装置解析ソフトウエアを用いて測定する。
《Twist angle of optical rotation layer》
In the present invention, the twist angle of the liquid crystalline compound is represented by the angle formed by the in-plane slow axis on one surface side of the optical rotation layer and the in-plane slow axis on the opposite surface side. The in-plane slow axis on each surface side is measured using AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by OptoScience) and using attached device analysis software.
《旋光層の屈折率異方性Δｎ》
ＡｘｏＳｃａｎ ＯＰＭＦ−１（オプトサイエンス社製）を用い、付属の装置解析ソフトウエアを用いて測定する。
<< Refractive index anisotropy Δn of optical rotation layer >>
The measurement is performed using AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by OptoSciences) using attached device analysis software.
＜液晶表示装置＞
図１は本発明の液晶表示装置の実施形態の例を示す断面的な模式図である。本発明の液晶表示装置１０は、液晶セル２、旋光層５および凹凸構造を有する指向性可変バックライトユニット７をこの順に有する。旋光層５は、支持体４を有してもよい。旋光層５と支持体４を合わせて旋光フィルム６という場合がある。指向性可変バックライトユニット７の出射光の偏光軸Ａと旋光層５のバックライト側（指向性可変バックライトユニット７側）の表面側の液晶性化合物の配向方向Ｂとのなす角が０°〜１０°である。また、旋光フィルム６とバックライトユニット７の間に、輝度向上フィルム８が配置されてもよい。また、旋光フィルム６と輝度向上フィルムは、粘着剤９を介して配置されてもよい。また、旋光層５の視認側（上側偏光子１側）の表面側の液晶性化合物の配向方向Ｃと、上側偏光子１の透過軸とのなす角が０〜１０°であることが好ましい。
<Liquid crystal display device>
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device 10 according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell 2, an optical rotation layer 5, and a variable directivity backlight unit 7 having an uneven structure in this order. The optical rotation layer 5 may have the support 4. The optical rotation layer 5 and the support 4 may be collectively referred to as an optical rotation film 6. An angle between the polarization axis A of the emitted light of the variable directivity backlight unit 7 and the orientation direction B of the liquid crystal compound on the surface side of the optical rotation layer 5 on the backlight side (the variable directivity backlight unit 7 side) is 0 °. 〜１０10 °. Further, a brightness enhancement film 8 may be disposed between the optical rotation film 6 and the backlight unit 7. Further, the optical rotation film 6 and the brightness enhancement film may be arranged via the adhesive 9. Further, it is preferable that the angle between the alignment direction C of the liquid crystal compound on the surface side on the viewing side (upper polarizer 1 side) of the optical rotation layer 5 and the transmission axis of the upper polarizer 1 is 0 to 10 °.
〔凹凸構造有する指向性可変バックライトユニット〕
本発明に用いる凹凸構造有する指向性可変バックライトユニットは、凹凸構造を有し、バックライト中の光源からの出射光の出射方向を可変的に制御できるバックライトユニットである。凹凸構造の反射を利用してＬＥＤ光を指向させていることから、出光する光はＬＣＤの各辺に対して、０もしくは９０°方向メインの偏光となっており、本発明ではメインの偏光方向を指向性可変バックライトユニットからの出射光の偏光軸Ａと定義する。具体的な構成としては、特表２０１５−５２５４９３号公報に記載のものを用いることができる。
[Directional variable backlight unit with uneven structure]
The variable directivity backlight unit having an uneven structure used in the present invention is a backlight unit having an uneven structure and capable of variably controlling the emission direction of light emitted from a light source in the backlight. Since the LED light is directed using the reflection of the uneven structure, the emitted light is the main polarized light in the 0 or 90 ° direction with respect to each side of the LCD. Is defined as the polarization axis A of the light emitted from the variable directivity backlight unit. As a specific configuration, the configuration described in JP-T-2015-525493 can be used.
〔旋光層〕
本発明に用いられる旋光層は、凹凸構造を有する指向性可変バックライトユニットから出射された偏光の偏光面を回転させる光学素子を含む層である。なお、本発明における旋光層には、いわゆる一般的なλ／２板のように、偏光の振動に対して、π（λ／２）の位相差を作り、結果的に偏光の振動面が変換されるような光学素子は含まない。
本発明において、旋光性を有するとは、直線偏光が媒質中を略直線偏光のまま回転して伝播することを意味する。
(Optical rotation layer)
The optical rotation layer used in the present invention is a layer including an optical element for rotating the plane of polarization of polarized light emitted from the variable directivity backlight unit having a concavo-convex structure. In the optical rotation layer of the present invention, a phase difference of π (λ / 2) is generated with respect to the polarization vibration, as in a so-called general λ / 2 plate, and as a result, the polarization vibration plane is converted. It does not include such optical elements.
In the present invention, having optical rotation means that linearly polarized light rotates and propagates in a medium as substantially linearly polarized light.
〈旋光層の膜厚〉
本発明に用いられる旋光層の膜厚は１μｍ〜１０μｍであることが好ましい。
<Thickness of optical rotation layer>
The thickness of the optical rotation layer used in the present invention is preferably 1 μm to 10 μm.
〈旋光層の光学特性〉
本発明に用いられる旋光層の波長５５０ｎｍにおける屈折率異方性Δｎと旋光層の膜厚ｄとの積Δｎｄは特に制限されないが、液晶表示装置の色味を均質にする観点で４５０〜５９０ｎｍであることが好ましく、５００〜５４０ｎｍであることがより好ましい。
<Optical characteristics of optical rotation layer>
The product Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn at a wavelength of 550 nm of the optical rotation layer used in the present invention and the thickness d of the optical rotation layer is not particularly limited, but is 450 to 590 nm from the viewpoint of homogenizing the color of the liquid crystal display device. It is preferably, and more preferably 500 to 540 nm.
また、本発明に用いられる旋光層は、旋光層に入射した偏光を、３０〜１５０°の範囲で旋光することが好ましい。 Further, the optical rotation layer used in the present invention preferably rotates the polarized light incident on the optical rotation layer in the range of 30 to 150 °.
本発明に用いられる旋光層は、液晶性化合物を含む旋光層である。 The optical rotation layer used in the present invention is an optical rotation layer containing a liquid crystalline compound.
〈液晶性化合物〉
一般的に、液晶性化合物はその形状から、棒状タイプと円盤状タイプに分類できる。さらにそれぞれ低分子と高分子タイプがある。高分子とは一般に重合度が１００以上のものを指す（高分子物理・相転移ダイナミクス，土井 正男 著，２頁，岩波書店，１９９２）。本発明では、いずれの液晶性化合物を用いることもできるが、棒状液晶性化合物またはディスコティック液晶性化合物（円盤状液晶性化合物）を用いるのが好ましい。２種以上の棒状液晶性化合物、２種以上の円盤状液晶性化合物、または棒状液晶性化合物と円盤状液晶性化合物との混合物を用いてもよい。上述の液晶性化合物の固定化のために、重合性基を有する棒状液晶性化合物または円盤状液晶性化合物を用いて形成することがより好ましく、液晶性化合物が１分子中に重合性基を２以上有することがさらに好ましい。液晶性化合物が二種類以上の混合物の場合には、少なくとも１種類の液晶性化合物が１分子中に２以上の重合性基を有していることが好ましい。
<Liquid crystal compound>
In general, liquid crystal compounds can be classified into rod-shaped types and disc-shaped types based on their shapes. Furthermore, there are low molecular and high molecular types, respectively. A polymer generally refers to a polymer having a degree of polymerization of 100 or more (polymer physics / phase transition dynamics, Masao Doi, page 2, Iwanami Shoten, 1992). In the present invention, any liquid crystalline compound can be used, but it is preferable to use a rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound or a discotic liquid crystalline compound (a discotic liquid crystalline compound). Two or more rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds, two or more disc-shaped liquid crystal compounds, or a mixture of a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound and a disc-shaped liquid crystal compound may be used. In order to fix the above-mentioned liquid crystal compound, it is more preferable to use a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound or a discotic liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group, and the liquid crystal compound has two polymerizable groups in one molecule. It is more preferable to have the above. When the liquid crystal compound is a mixture of two or more types, it is preferable that at least one type of the liquid crystal compound has two or more polymerizable groups in one molecule.
棒状液晶性化合物としては、例えば、特表平１１−５１３０１９号公報の請求項１や特開２００５−２８９９８０号公報の段落［００２６］〜［００９８］に記載のものを好ましく用いることができ、ディスコティック液晶性化合物としては、例えば、特開２００７−１０８７３２号公報の段落［００２０］〜［００６７］や特開２０１０−２４４０３８号公報の段落［００１３］〜［０１０８］に記載のものを好ましく用いることができるが、これらに限定されない。 As the rod-like liquid crystal compound, for example, those described in claims 1 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-513019 and paragraphs [0026] to [0098] of JP-A-2005-289980 can be preferably used. As the tick liquid crystalline compound, for example, those described in paragraphs [0020] to [0067] of JP-A-2007-108732 and paragraphs [0013] to [0108] of JP-A-2010-244038 are preferably used. But not limited to these.
また、本発明に用いられる旋光層は、液晶性化合物を含む層を複数積層して旋光層としてもよく、棒状液晶性化合物を含む層と、円盤状液晶性化合物を含む層とを積層させて旋光層とするのも好ましい。 In addition, the optical rotation layer used in the present invention may be an optical rotation layer by laminating a plurality of layers containing a liquid crystal compound, a layer containing a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound, and a layer containing a disc-shaped liquid crystal compound. It is also preferable to use an optical rotation layer.
本発明に用いられる旋光層が棒状液晶性化合物を含む層を含む場合、液晶表示装置の色味をより均質にできるという理由から、旋光層の指向性可変バックライトユニット側の表面側の液晶性化合物の配向方向と、指向性可変バックライトユニットからの出射光の偏光軸が平行であることが好ましい。 When the optical rotation layer used in the present invention includes a layer containing a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound, the liquid crystal display layer on the surface side of the directivity variable backlight unit side of the optical rotation layer is used because the color tone of the liquid crystal display device can be made more uniform. It is preferable that the orientation direction of the compound is parallel to the polarization axis of light emitted from the variable directivity backlight unit.
〈カイラル剤〉
本発明に用いられる旋光層はカイラル剤を含んでいても良い。カイラル剤は、液晶性化合物を捩れ配向させるために添加される。
<Chiral agent>
The optical rotation layer used in the present invention may contain a chiral agent. The chiral agent is added for twisting the liquid crystal compound.
カイラル剤としては、併用する液晶性化合物と相溶するものであれば、特に構造についての制限はない。公知のカイラル剤（例えば、日本学術振興会第１４２委員会編「液晶デバイスハンドブック」，第３章４−３項，ＴＮ（ｔｗｉｓｔｅｄ ｎｅｍａｔｉｃ）、ＳＴＮ（Ｓｕｐｅｒ Ｔｗｉｓｔｅｄ Ｎｅｍａｔｉｃ）用カイラル剤，１９９頁，１９８９年に記載）のいずれも用いることができる。カイラル剤は、一般に不斉炭素原子を含むが、不斉炭素原子を含まない軸性不斉化合物または面性不斉化合物もカイラル剤として用いることができる。軸性不斉化合物または面性不斉化合物としては、例えば、ビナフチル、ヘリセン、パラシクロファンおよびこれらの誘導体が挙げられる。また、カイラル剤は、液晶性を有していてもよい。 The structure of the chiral agent is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with the liquid crystal compound used in combination. A known chiral agent (for example, “Liquid Crystal Device Handbook” edited by the 142nd Committee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chapter 3, Section 4-3, TN (twisted nematic), STN (Super Twisted Nematic) chiral agent, p. 199, 1989) Year)) can be used. The chiral agent generally contains an asymmetric carbon atom, but an axially asymmetric compound or a planar asymmetric compound containing no asymmetric carbon atom can also be used as the chiral agent. Examples of the axially asymmetric compound or the planar asymmetric compound include binaphthyl, helicene, paracyclophane, and derivatives thereof. Further, the chiral agent may have a liquid crystal property.
〔支持体〕
本発明に用いられる支持体としては、生産性を向上できる観点から各種ポリマーフィルムが好ましい。ポリマーフィルムとしては特に限定はないが、加工性の観点から、ガラス転移温度が１００℃以上の非晶性高分子、または、融点が１５０℃以上の結晶性高分子を用いることが好ましい。
(Support)
As the support used in the present invention, various polymer films are preferable from the viewpoint of improving productivity. The polymer film is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of processability, it is preferable to use an amorphous polymer having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or higher or a crystalline polymer having a melting point of 150 ° C. or higher.
ガラス転移温度が１００℃以上の非晶性高分子の具体例としては、シクロオレフィン系ポリマーが挙げられる。また、融点が１５０℃以上の結晶性高分子の具体例としてはセルロース系のポリマーが挙げられる。 Specific examples of the amorphous polymer having a glass transition temperature of 100 ° C. or higher include a cycloolefin-based polymer. Further, specific examples of the crystalline polymer having a melting point of 150 ° C. or more include a cellulose-based polymer.
〈支持体の光学特性〉
本発明に用いられる支持体の波長５５０ｎｍにおけるレターデーションＲｅ（５５０）は、０ｎｍ〜１０ｎｍである。上記範囲とすることで、旋光層を通過した偏光へ与える影響を小さくできるため好ましい。支持体のＲｅ（５５０）は前述のレターデーションの測定方法を用いて測定することができる。
<Optical properties of support>
The support used in the present invention has a retardation Re (550) at a wavelength of 550 nm of from 0 nm to 10 nm. The above range is preferable because the influence on the polarized light passing through the optical rotation layer can be reduced. The Re (550) of the support can be measured by using the above-described retardation measuring method.
また、本発明に用いられる支持体の波長５５０ｎｍにおける厚さ方向のレターデーションＲｔｈ（５５０）は−５０ｎｍ〜５０ｎｍであることが好ましい。上記範囲とすることで、斜め方向から見た時の色味変化を小さく出来るため好ましい。Ｒｔｈ（５５０）は−３０ｎｍ〜３０ｎｍであることが好ましく、−１０ｎｍ〜１０ｎｍであることがより好ましい。支持体のＲｔｈ（５５０）は前述のレターデーションの測定方法を用いて測定することができる。 Further, the retardation Rth (550) in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm of the support used in the present invention is preferably -50 nm to 50 nm. The above range is preferable because a change in color when viewed from an oblique direction can be reduced. Rth (550) is preferably from −30 nm to 30 nm, and more preferably from −10 nm to 10 nm. The Rth (550) of the support can be measured using the above-described retardation measuring method.
〈支持体の膜厚〉
本発明に用いられる支持体の膜厚は１０μｍ〜１００μｍである。１０μｍ〜８０μｍが好ましく、１０〜４０μｍがより好ましい。
<Film thickness of support>
The thickness of the support used in the present invention is 10 μm to 100 μm. 10 μm to 80 μm is preferable, and 10 to 40 μm is more preferable.
｛配向膜｝
本発明において、旋光層を作製する際、液晶性化合物を配向させるために、配向膜を用いてもよい。配向膜は支持体と旋光層の間に配置される。
｛Alignment film｝
In the present invention, when producing the optical rotation layer, an alignment film may be used to align the liquid crystalline compound. The alignment film is disposed between the support and the optical rotation layer.
配向膜は液晶性化合物の配向方向を規定する機能を有するため、本発明の好ましい態様を実現する上で利用するのが好ましい。しかし、液晶化合物を配向後にその配向状態を固定してしまえば、配向膜はその役割を果たしているために、本発明の構成要素としては必ずしも必須のものではない。 Since the alignment film has a function of defining the alignment direction of the liquid crystal compound, it is preferably used for realizing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, if the alignment state is fixed after the liquid crystal compound is aligned, the alignment film is not necessarily essential as a component of the present invention because the alignment film plays its role.
配向膜は、有機化合物（好ましくはポリマー）のラビング処理、無機化合物の斜方蒸着、マイクログルーブを有する層の形成、または、ラングミュア・ブロジェット法（ＬＢ膜）による有機化合物（例、ω−トリコサン酸、ジオクタデシルメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ステアリル酸メチル）の累積のような手段で設けることができる。さらに、電場の付与、磁場の付与、または、光照射（好ましくは偏光）により、配向膜を形成する方法も知られている。
配向膜は、ポリマー膜のラビング処理により形成することが好ましい。
The alignment film is formed by rubbing an organic compound (preferably a polymer), obliquely depositing an inorganic compound, forming a layer having microgrooves, or an organic compound (eg, ω-trichosane) by the Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB film). Acid, dioctadecylmethylammonium chloride, methyl stearylate). Further, a method of forming an alignment film by applying an electric field, applying a magnetic field, or irradiating light (preferably polarized light) is also known.
The alignment film is preferably formed by rubbing a polymer film.
配向膜の形成に用いられるポリマーとしては、例えば、特開平８−３３８９１３号公報明細書中の段落番号［００２２］に記載のメタクリレート系共重合体、スチレン系共重合体、ポリオレフィン、ポリビニルアルコールおよび変性ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ（Ｎ−メチロールアクリルアミド）、ポリエステル、ポリイミド、酢酸ビニル共重合体、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリカーボネート等が挙げられる。 Examples of the polymer used for forming the alignment film include methacrylate-based copolymers, styrene-based copolymers, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols and modified polymers described in paragraph [0022] of JP-A-8-338913. Examples include polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-methylolacrylamide), polyester, polyimide, vinyl acetate copolymer, carboxymethylcellulose, and polycarbonate.
配向膜は、例えば、配向膜形成材料である上記ポリマーおよび任意の添加剤（例えば、架橋剤）を含む溶液を支持体上に塗布した後、塗膜を加熱乾燥（架橋させ）し、さらに塗膜にラビング処理を施すことにより形成することができる。 The alignment film is formed, for example, by applying a solution containing the polymer as an alignment film forming material and an optional additive (for example, a cross-linking agent) onto a support, then heating and drying (cross-linking) the coating film, and further coating. It can be formed by performing a rubbing treatment on the film.
ラビング処理は、ＬＣＤ（ｌｉｑｕｉｄ ｃｒｙｓｔａｌ ｄｉｓｐｌａｙ）の液晶配向処理工程として広く採用されている処理方法を適用することができる。即ち、塗膜の表面を、紙、ガーゼ、フェルト、ゴム、ナイロン、ポリエステル繊維などを用いて一定方向に擦ることにより、配向膜を得る方法を用いることができる。一般的には、ラビング処理は、長さおよび太さが均一な繊維を平均的に植毛した布などを用いて数回程度ラビングを行うことにより実施される。 As the rubbing treatment, a treatment method widely used as a liquid crystal alignment treatment step of an LCD (liquid crystal display) can be applied. That is, a method of obtaining an alignment film by rubbing the surface of a coating film in a certain direction using paper, gauze, felt, rubber, nylon, polyester fiber, or the like can be used. In general, the rubbing treatment is performed by rubbing several times using a cloth or the like in which fibers having a uniform length and thickness are planted on average.
〔偏光子〕
本発明において、液晶表示装置の視認側にある上側偏光子、液晶セルを挟んで視認側とは反対側（バックライト側）にある下側偏光子を総称して、本発明に用いられる偏光子と言う場合がある。
(Polarizer)
In the present invention, the upper polarizer on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display device and the lower polarizer on the side opposite to the viewing side (backlight side) across the liquid crystal cell are collectively referred to as a polarizer used in the present invention. I may say.
本発明に用いられる偏光子は特に限定はなく、自然光を特定の直線偏光に変換する機能を有するいわゆる直線偏光子であればよい。偏光子としては、特に限定されないが、吸収型偏光子を利用することができる。 The polarizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a so-called linear polarizer having a function of converting natural light into specific linearly polarized light. The polarizer is not particularly limited, but an absorption polarizer can be used.
本発明に用いられる偏光子の素材は特に限定はなく、通常用いられている偏光子を利用することができ、例えば、ヨウ素系偏光子、二色性染料を利用した染料系偏光子、およびポリエン系偏光子のいずれも用いることができる。 The material of the polarizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a commonly used polarizer can be used, for example, an iodine-based polarizer, a dye-based polarizer using a dichroic dye, and a polyene. Any of the system polarizers can be used.
〔液晶セル〕
本発明に用いられる液晶セルは、ＶＡ（Ｖｉｒｔｉｃａｌ Ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ）モード、ＯＣＢ（Ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅｄ Ｂｅｎｄ）モード、ＩＰＳ（Ｉｎ−Ｐｌａｃｅ−Ｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇ）モード、又はＴＮ（Ｔｗｉｓｔｅｄ Ｎｅｍａｔｉｃ）モードであることが好ましいが、これらに限定されるものではない。
(Liquid crystal cell)
The liquid crystal cell used in the present invention is preferably a VA (Virtual Alignment) mode, an OCB (Optical Compensated Bend) mode, an IPS (In-Place-Switching) mode, or a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode. It is not limited.
ＴＮモードの液晶セルでは、電圧無印加時に棒状液晶性分子が実質的に水平配向し、更に６０〜１２０゜にねじれ配向している。ＴＮモードの液晶セルは、カラーＴＦＴ液晶表示装置として最も多く利用されており、多数の文献に記載がある。 In a TN mode liquid crystal cell, rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are substantially horizontally aligned when no voltage is applied, and are further twisted at 60 to 120 °. TN mode liquid crystal cells are most frequently used as color TFT liquid crystal display devices, and are described in many documents.
ＶＡモードの液晶セルでは、電圧無印加時に棒状液晶性分子が実質的に垂直に配向している。ＶＡモードの液晶セルには、（１）棒状液晶性分子を電圧無印加時に実質的に垂直に配向させ、電圧印加時に実質的に水平に配向させる狭義のＶＡモードの液晶セル（特開平２−１７６６２５号公報記載）に加えて、（２）視野角拡大のため、ＶＡモードをマルチドメイン化した（ＭＶＡモードの）液晶セル（ＳＩＤ９７、Ｄｉｇｅｓｔ ｏｆ ｔｅｃｈ．Ｐａｐｅｒｓ（予稿集）２８（１９９７）８４５記載）、（３）棒状液晶性分子を電圧無印加時に実質的に垂直配向させ、電圧印加時にねじれマルチドメイン配向させるモード（ｎ−ＡＳＭモード）の液晶セル（日本液晶討論会の予稿集５８〜５９（１９９８）記載）及び（４）ＳＵＲＶＩＶＡＬモードの液晶セル（ＬＣＤインターナショナル９８で発表）が含まれる。また、ＰＶＡ（Ｐａｔｔｅｒｎｅｄ Ｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌ Ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ）型、光配向型（Ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ Ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ）、及びＰＳＡ（Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒ−Ｓｕｓｔａｉｎｅｄ Ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ）のいずれであってもよい。これらのモードの詳細については、特開２００６−２１５３２６号公報、及び特表２００８−５３８８１９号公報に詳細な記載がある。 In a VA mode liquid crystal cell, rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are substantially vertically aligned when no voltage is applied. The VA mode liquid crystal cell includes (1) a VA mode liquid crystal cell in a narrow sense in which rod-like liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied and substantially horizontally when voltage is applied. 176625) and (2) a liquid crystal cell (SID97, Digest of tech. Papers (preparations) 28 (1997) 845) in which the VA mode is multi-domain (for MVA mode) in order to enlarge the viewing angle. ), (3) a liquid crystal cell (n-ASM mode) in which rod-like liquid crystal molecules are substantially vertically aligned when no voltage is applied and twisted multi-domain alignment is applied when voltage is applied (Preprints 58 to 59 of the Japanese Liquid Crystal Symposium). (1998)) and (4) SURVIVAL mode liquid crystal cell (presented at LCD International 98). Further, any of a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) type, a photo-alignment type (Optical Alignment), and a PSA (Polymer-Sustained Alignment) may be used. Details of these modes are described in JP-A-2006-215326 and JP-T-2008-538819.
ＩＰＳモードの液晶セルは、棒状液晶分子が基板に対して実質的に平行に配向しており、基板面に平行な電界が印加することで液晶分子が平面的に応答する。ＩＰＳモードは電界無印加状態で黒表示となり、上下一対の偏光板の吸収軸は直交している。光学補償シートを用いて、斜め方向での黒表示時の漏れ光を低減させ、視野角を改良する方法が、特開平１０−５４９８２号公報、特開平１１−２０２３２３号公報、特開平９−２９２５２２号公報、特開平１１−１３３４０８号公報、特開平１１−３０５２１７号公報、特開平１０−３０７２９１号公報などに開示されている。 In the IPS mode liquid crystal cell, rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are oriented substantially parallel to the substrate, and the liquid crystal molecules respond planarly when an electric field parallel to the substrate surface is applied. In the IPS mode, black display is performed when no electric field is applied, and the absorption axes of a pair of upper and lower polarizing plates are orthogonal to each other. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. H10-54982, H11-202323, and H9-292522 disclose a method of using an optical compensation sheet to reduce leakage light during black display in an oblique direction and improve the viewing angle. And JP-A-11-133408, JP-A-11-305217, and JP-A-10-307291.
本発明において、応答速度の早いＴＮモードの液晶セルを用いることが好ましい。 In the present invention, it is preferable to use a TN mode liquid crystal cell having a high response speed.
〔輝度向上フィルム〕
本発明の液晶表示装置において、凹凸構造を有する指向性バックライトユニットと旋光層の間に輝度向上フィルムを使用してもよい。輝度向上フィルムは特に限定されず、各種公知のものを用いることができる。具体的には例えば特許０４０９１９７８号記載の誘電体多層膜、３Ｍ社製ＤＢＥＦ、３Ｍ社製 ＡＰＦ−ｖ３、ＡＰＦ−Ｖ４等が挙げられる。
(Brightness improving film)
In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a brightness enhancement film may be used between the directional backlight unit having the uneven structure and the optical rotation layer. The brightness enhancement film is not particularly limited, and various known films can be used. Specifically, for example, a dielectric multilayer film described in Japanese Patent No. 04091978, DBEF manufactured by 3M, APF-v3 manufactured by 3M, and APF-V4 manufactured by 3M can be used.
〔接着剤または粘着剤〕
本発明の液晶表示装置において、旋光層と凹凸構造有する指向性可変バックライトユニットとは接着剤または粘着剤を介して配置してもよい。その場合、接着剤または粘着剤としては各種公知のものが使用できる。
(Adhesive or adhesive)
In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the optical rotation layer and the variable directivity backlight unit having the uneven structure may be arranged via an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive. In this case, various known adhesives or pressure-sensitive adhesives can be used.
粘着剤のヘイズは色味を良好にできる観点から、１０％〜８５％であることが好ましく、２５％〜７０％であることがより好ましい。 The haze of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably from 10% to 85%, more preferably from 25% to 70%, from the viewpoint of improving the color.
《ヘイズの測定方法》
本発明においてヘイズは、ＪＩＳ Ｋ−７１３６（２０００）に基づき、下記の条件で測定された値である。
［装置名］ヘイズメーターＮＤＨ２０００（日本電色工業社（株）製）
［試料サイズ］５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ
［測定環境］２５℃相対湿度５５％
《Haze measurement method》
In the present invention, haze is a value measured under the following conditions based on JIS K-7136 (2000).
[Device name] Haze meter NDH2000 (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.)
[Sample size] 50mm x 50mm
[Measurement environment] 25 ° C, 55% relative humidity
以下に実施例に基づいて本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。以下の実施例に示す材料、使用量、割合、処理内容、処理手順等は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適宜変更することができる。したがって、本発明の範囲は以下に示す実施例により限定的に解釈されるべきものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. Materials, usage amounts, ratios, processing contents, processing procedures, and the like shown in the following examples can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the following examples.
＜支持体の作製＞
下記の方法で支持体ＳＡ、ＳＫ、ＳＬを作製した。作製した支持体の物性を表１に示す。
<Preparation of support>
Supports SA, SK and SL were produced by the following method. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the produced support.
〔支持体ＳＡの作製〕
下記の支持体ＳＡドープ組成物を平均孔径３４μｍのろ紙および平均孔径１０μｍの焼結金属フィルターでろ過した後、２０℃の金属支持体上に流延した（バンド流延機）。溶剤含有率略２０質量％の状態で剥ぎ取り、フィルムの幅方向の両端をテンタークリップで固定し、横方向に延伸倍率１．１倍で延伸しつつ乾燥した。その後、熱処理装置のロール間を搬送することにより、さらに乾燥し、厚み２０μｍの支持体ＳＡを作製した。
[Preparation of Support SA]
The following support SA dope composition was filtered through a filter paper having an average pore size of 34 μm and a sintered metal filter having an average pore size of 10 μm, and then cast on a metal support at 20 ° C. (band casting machine). The film was peeled off at a solvent content of about 20% by mass, and both ends in the width direction of the film were fixed with tenter clips, and dried while being stretched in the transverse direction at a stretching ratio of 1.1 times. Thereafter, the support SA was transported between the rolls of the heat treatment apparatus, and further dried to produce a support SA having a thickness of 20 μm.
─────────────────────────────────
支持体ＳＡドープ組成物
─────────────────────────────────
アセチル置換度２．８８のセルロースアセテート １００質量部
ポリエステルＡ １２質量部
下記Ａ−３化合物 ２質量部
クエン酸脂肪酸モノグリセライド
（ポエムＫ−３７Ｖ、理研ビタミン製） ２質量部
メチレンクロライド ４３０質量部
メタノール ６４質量部
─────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────
Support SA dope composition─────────────────────────────────
Cellulose acetate having a degree of acetyl substitution of 2.88 100 parts by mass Polyester A 12 parts by mass The following A-3 compound 2 parts by mass Citric acid fatty acid monoglyceride (Poem K-37V, manufactured by Riken Vitamin) 2 parts by mass Methylene chloride 430 parts by mass Methanol 64 parts by mass Department
ポリエステルＡは数平均分子量Ｍｎ＝７５０、１，２−シクロヘキシルジカルボン酸とエチレングリコールが１：１で重合し、末端がアセチル基で封止された構造である。 Polyester A has a number average molecular weight Mn of 750, a structure in which 1,2-cyclohexyldicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol are polymerized at a ratio of 1: 1 and the terminal is blocked with an acetyl group.
〔支持体ＳＫの作製〕
エチレン雰囲気下、容量１．６ｌのオートクレーブにノルボルネン濃度が２０ｍｏｌ／ｌで、総液量が６４０ｍｌとなるようにトルエンとフェニルノルボルネン−トルエン溶液を入れた。メチルアルミノキサン（アルベマール社製、ＭＡＯ２０％トルエン溶液）をＡｌ基準で５．８８ｍｍｏｌ、メチレン（シクロペンタジエニル）（テトラメチルシクロペンタジエニル）ジルコニウムジクロリド１．５μｍｏｌを添加し、エチレンを導入して圧力を０．２ＭＰａに保持しながら、８０℃で６０分間反応させた。
[Production of Support SK]
Under an ethylene atmosphere, toluene and a phenylnorbornene-toluene solution were charged into a 1.6-liter autoclave so that the norbornene concentration was 20 mol / l and the total liquid volume was 640 ml. 5.88 mmol of methylaluminoxane (manufactured by Albemarle, MAO 20% toluene solution) based on Al and 1.5 μmol of methylene (cyclopentadienyl) (tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride were added thereto, and ethylene was introduced thereinto. While maintaining the pressure at 0.2 MPa, the reaction was carried out at 80 ° C. for 60 minutes.
反応終了後、放冷しながらエチレンを脱圧し、系内を窒素で置換した。その後、吸着水分量を１０質量％に調整したシリカ（富士シリシア社製、グレード：Ｇ−３粒径：５０μｍ）を３．０ｇ加えて１時間反応させた。その反応液を濾紙（５Ｃ、９０ｍｍ）とセライト（和光純薬工業社）をセットした加圧ろ過器（アドバンテック東洋株式会社、型式ＫＳＴ−９０−ＵＨ）に入れ、窒素で加圧ろ過して重合液を回収した。その重合液を５倍量のアセトン中に少量ずつ滴下して析出させ、シクロオレフィンポリマーＳＫを得た。シクロオレフィンポリマーＳＫの重量平均分子量は１４２，０００であり、またガラス転移温度は１４０℃であった。 After the completion of the reaction, ethylene was depressurized while allowing to cool, and the inside of the system was replaced with nitrogen. Thereafter, 3.0 g of silica (Grade: G-3, particle size: 50 μm, manufactured by Fuji Silysia Ltd.) with the amount of adsorbed water adjusted to 10% by mass was added and reacted for 1 hour. The reaction solution was put into a pressure filter (Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd., model KST-90-UH) in which filter paper (5C, 90 mm) and Celite (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were set, and pressure filtration with nitrogen was carried out to polymerize. The liquid was collected. The polymerization solution was added dropwise to a five-fold amount of acetone in a small amount and precipitated to obtain a cycloolefin polymer SK. The weight average molecular weight of the cycloolefin polymer SK was 142,000, and the glass transition temperature was 140 ° C.
上記で合成したシクロオレフィンポリマーＳＫを空気を流通させた熱風乾燥機を用いて７０℃で２時間乾燥して水分を除去した後に、６５ｍｍφのスクリューを備えた樹脂溶融混練機を有するＴダイ式フィルム溶融押し出し成形機（Ｔダイ幅５００ｍｍ）を使用し、溶融樹脂温度２４０℃、Ｔダイ温度２４０℃の成形条件にて押し出し成形し、膜厚２０μｍの支持体ＳＫを作製した。 After drying the cycloolefin polymer SK synthesized above at 70 ° C. for 2 hours using a hot air dryer through which air is circulated to remove water, a T-die film having a resin melt kneader equipped with a screw of 65 mmφ Using a melt extrusion molding machine (T die width: 500 mm), extrusion molding was performed under the molding conditions of a molten resin temperature of 240 ° C. and a T die temperature of 240 ° C. to produce a support SK having a film thickness of 20 μm.
〔支持体ＳＬの作製〕
温度計、冷却管、撹拌器、ディーンスタークを付けた２Ｌ四つ口フラスコに、ピルビン酸メチル３０７質量部、２−ピロリドン１７１質量部、トルエン１０４０質量部、重合禁止剤としてメトキノン０．３質量部、４−ヒドロキシ−２，２，６，６−テトラメチルピペリジン１−オキシル（４Ｈ−ＴＥＭＰＯ）０．６質量部、触媒としてｐ−トルエンスルホン酸一水和物３．８質量部を加え、撹拌しながら内温が１１４℃になるまで加熱し、還流状態で水を留去しながら２０時間反応させた。反応後、トルエンをエバポレーターで留去し、続いて、蒸留精製を行い、２−（２−オキソピロリジン−１−イル）アクリル酸メチル（前駆体ＳＬ）２０３質量部を得た。
[Production of Support SL]
In a 2 L four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, a stirrer, and a Dean Stark, 307 parts by mass of methyl pyruvate, 171 parts by mass of 2-pyrrolidone, 1040 parts by mass of toluene, and 0.3 part by mass of methquinone as a polymerization inhibitor. , 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (4H-TEMPO) (0.6 parts by mass) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (3.8 parts by mass) as a catalyst, and the mixture was stirred. The mixture was heated until the internal temperature reached 114 ° C., and reacted for 20 hours while distilling off water under reflux. After the reaction, toluene was distilled off with an evaporator, followed by purification by distillation to obtain 203 parts by mass of methyl 2- (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) acrylate (precursor SL).
密閉できる反応容器内に、前駆体ＳＬ３質量部とメタクリル酸メチル（ＭＭＡ）８７質量部とを加え、そこに重合開始剤としてｔ−アミルパーオキシ−２−エチルヘキサノエート（アルケマ吉富社製「ルペロックス（登録商標）５７５」）０．１質量部を加え、９０℃のオイルバスに浸け、８時間静置重合を行った。得られたポリマーをイソプロパノールにより再沈し、減圧下で乾燥することで、白色のポリマー（素材ＳＬ）を得た。 3 parts by mass of the precursor SL and 87 parts by mass of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were added to a sealable reaction vessel, and t-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (manufactured by Arkema Yoshitomi) was added thereto as a polymerization initiator. Luperox (registered trademark) 575 ”) was added in an amount of 0.1 part by mass, and the resultant was immersed in an oil bath at 90 ° C. and subjected to standing polymerization for 8 hours. The obtained polymer was reprecipitated with isopropanol and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a white polymer (material SL).
次に、上記で合成した素材ＳＬを空気を流通させた熱風乾燥機を用いて７０℃で２時間乾燥して水分を除去した後に、６５ｍｍφのスクリューを備えた樹脂溶融混練機を有するＴダイ式フィルム溶融押し出し成形機（Ｔダイ幅５００ｍｍ）を使用し、溶融樹脂温度２２０℃、Ｔダイ温度２２０℃の成形条件にて押し出し成形し、膜厚２０μｍの支持体ＳＬを作製した。 Next, after drying the synthesized material SL at 70 ° C. for 2 hours using a hot-air drier through which air is circulated to remove water, a T-die type having a resin melt kneader equipped with a 65 mmφ screw is used. Using a film melt extrusion molding machine (T die width 500 mm), extrusion molding was performed under molding conditions of a molten resin temperature of 220 ° C. and a T die temperature of 220 ° C. to produce a support SL having a film thickness of 20 μm.
＜支持体の鹸化処理＞
上記作製した支持体ＳＡ、ＳＫ、ＳＬを、温度６０℃の誘電式加熱ロールを通過させ、フィルム表面温度を４０℃に昇温した後に、フィルムの片面に下記に示す組成のアルカリ溶液を、バーコーターを用いて塗布量１４ｍｌ／ｍ２で塗布し、１１０℃に加熱した。（株）ノリタケカンパニーリミテド製のスチーム式遠赤外ヒーターの下に、１０秒間搬送した。続いて、同じくバーコーターを用いて、純水を３ｍｌ／ｍ２塗布した。次いで、ファウンテンコーターによる水洗とエアナイフによる水切りを３回繰り返した後に、７０℃の乾燥ゾーンに１０秒間搬送して乾燥し、アルカリ鹸化処理した支持体を作製した。
<Saponification treatment of support>
After passing the above-prepared supports SA, SK and SL through a dielectric heating roll at a temperature of 60 ° C. to raise the film surface temperature to 40 ° C., an alkali solution having the composition shown below was placed on one surface of the film by a bar. It was applied at a coating amount of 14 ml / m 2 using a coater and heated to 110 ° C. It was transported for 10 seconds under a steam-type far-infrared heater manufactured by Noritake Company Limited. Subsequently, pure water was applied at 3 ml / m2 using the same bar coater. Next, washing with a fountain coater and draining with an air knife were repeated three times, and then conveyed to a drying zone at 70 ° C. for 10 seconds and dried to prepare an alkali-saponified support.
─────────────────────────────────
アルカリ溶液組成
─────────────────────────────────
水酸化カリウム ４．７質量部
水 １５．８質量部
イソプロパノール ６３．７質量部
界面活性剤：Ｃ14Ｈ29Ｏ（ＣＨ2ＣＨ2Ｏ）20Ｈ １．０質量部
プロピレングリコール １４．８質量部
─────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────
Alkaline solution composition─────────────────────────────────
Potassium hydroxide 4.7 parts by mass Water 15.8 parts by mass Isopropanol 63.7 parts by mass Surfactant: C 14 H 29 O (CH 2 CH 2 O) 20 H 1.0 part by mass Propylene glycol 14.8 parts by mass ─────────────────────────────────
＜配向膜の形成＞
上記作製したアルカリ鹸化処理した支持体ＳＡ、ＳＫ、ＳＬに、下記の組成の配向膜塗布液を＃１４のワイヤーバーで連続的に塗布した。６０℃の温風で６０秒、更に１００℃の温風で１２０秒乾燥した。得られた塗布膜に連続的にラビング処理を施した。このとき、長尺状のフィルムの長手方向と搬送方向は平行であり、ラビング角度は表１記載の搬送方向に対する角度に従いラビング処理を施した。
<Formation of alignment film>
An alignment film coating solution having the following composition was continuously applied to the alkali saponified supports SA, SK, and SL prepared above using a # 14 wire bar. Drying was performed with hot air at 60 ° C. for 60 seconds, and further with hot air at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. The obtained coating film was continuously subjected to a rubbing treatment. At this time, the longitudinal direction of the long film was parallel to the transport direction, and the rubbing was performed according to the rubbing angle shown in Table 1 with respect to the transport direction.
─────────────────────────────────
配向膜塗布液の組成
─────────────────────────────────
下記変性ポリビニルアルコール １０質量部
水 ３７１質量部
メタノール １１９質量部
グルタルアルデヒド ０．５質量部
光重合開始剤（イルガキュアー２９５９、ＢＡＳＦ社製） ０．３質量部
─────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────
Composition of alignment film coating solution 膜
The following modified polyvinyl alcohol 10 parts by mass Water 371 parts by mass Methanol 119 parts by mass Glutaraldehyde 0.5 part by mass Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 2959, manufactured by BASF) 0.3 part by mass ───────────────────────
＜旋光フィルムの作製＞
上記作製した配向膜付き支持体ＳＡ、ＳＫ、ＳＬに対して、表１の組み合わせとなるように、旋光層を下記の方法で形成し、旋光フィルムを作製した。表中、ＲＬＣは下記の棒状液晶性化合物を用いて旋光層を形成したことを表す。
<Preparation of optical rotation film>
An optical rotation layer was formed on the above-prepared supports with alignment films SA, SK, and SL by the following method so as to obtain a combination shown in Table 1, and an optical rotation film was produced. In the table, RLC indicates that an optical rotation layer was formed using the following rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound.
また、比較例１については、旋光層を形成しなかったことを、比較例２については旋光層の代わりに下記のλ／２板を形成したことを表わす。 Further, in Comparative Example 1, no optical rotation layer was formed, and in Comparative Example 2, the following λ / 2 plate was formed instead of the optical rotation layer.
〔棒状液晶性化合物を用いた旋光層形成〕
上記作製した配向膜表面に下記の組成の塗布液を表１の厚みとなるようにバーコーターを用いて塗布した。雰囲気温度９５℃で９０秒間乾燥させた後常温に冷却し、９０℃にて紫外線照射（３００ｍＪ／ｃｍ２）を行い、液晶化合物の配向を固定化し、棒状液晶性化合物を用いた旋光層を形成した。
(Formation of optical rotation layer using rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound)
A coating solution having the following composition was applied to the surface of the alignment film prepared above using a bar coater so as to have the thickness shown in Table 1. After drying at an ambient temperature of 95 ° C. for 90 seconds, it is cooled to room temperature, and irradiated with ultraviolet rays (300 mJ / cm 2 ) at 90 ° C. to fix the orientation of the liquid crystal compound and form an optical rotation layer using a rod-like liquid crystal compound. did.
─────────────────────────────────
棒状液晶性化合物塗布液
─────────────────────────────────
メチルエチルケトン ２３３質量部
シクロヘキサノン １２質量部
棒状液晶性化合物２０１ ８３質量部
棒状液晶性化合物２０２ １５質量部
棒状液晶性化合物２０３ ２質量部
多官能モノマーＡ−ＴＭＭＴ（新中村化学工業（株）社製） １質量部
重合開始剤ＩＲＧＡＣＵＲＥ８１９（ＢＡＳＦ社製） ４質量部
界面活性剤１ ０．０５質量部
界面活性剤２ ０．０１質量部
カイラル剤 表中記載
─────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────
Rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound coating solution.
Methyl ethyl ketone 233 parts by weight Cyclohexanone 12 parts by weight Rod-like liquid crystalline compound 201 83 parts by weight Rod-like liquid crystalline compound 202 15 parts by weight Rod-like liquid crystalline compound 203 2 parts by weight Polyfunctional monomer A-TMMT (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 Parts by mass polymerization initiator IRGACURE 819 (manufactured by BASF) 4 parts by mass surfactant 1 0.05 parts by mass surfactant 2 0.01 parts by mass chiral agent ────────────────────
カイラル剤
〔λ／２板の形成〕
上記作製した配向膜表面に下記の組成の塗布液を、乾燥後の厚みが１．６μｍとなるようにバーコーターを用いて塗布した。雰囲気温度９５℃で９０秒間乾燥させた後常温に冷却し、２５℃にて紫外線照射（３００ｍＪ／ｃｍ２）を行い、液晶化合物の配向を固定化し、棒状液晶性化合物を用いたλ／２板を形成した。
[Formation of λ / 2 plate]
A coating solution having the following composition was applied to the surface of the alignment film prepared above using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 1.6 μm. After drying at an ambient temperature of 95 ° C. for 90 seconds, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, irradiated with ultraviolet rays (300 mJ / cm 2 ) at 25 ° C., the orientation of the liquid crystal compound is fixed, and a λ / 2 plate using a rod-like liquid crystal compound is used. Was formed.
─────────────────────────────────
λ／２板塗布液
─────────────────────────────────
メチルエチルケトン ２３３質量部
シクロヘキサノン １２質量部
棒状液晶性化合物２０１ ８３質量部
棒状液晶性化合物２０２ １５質量部
棒状液晶化合物２０３ ２質量部
多官能モノマーＡ−ＴＭＭＴ（新中村化学工業（株）社製） １質量部
重合開始剤ＩＲＧＡＣＵＲＥ８１９（ＢＡＳＦ社製） ４質量部
界面活性剤１ ０．０５質量部
界面活性剤２ ０．０１質量部
─────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────
λ / 2 plate coating liquid─────────────────────────────────
Methyl ethyl ketone 233 parts by weight Cyclohexanone 12 parts by weight Rod-like liquid crystal compound 201 83 parts by weight Rod-like liquid crystal compound 202 15 parts by weight Rod-like liquid crystal compound 203 2 parts by weight Polyfunctional monomer A-TMMT (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 part by weight Part polymerization initiator IRGACURE 819 (manufactured by BASF) 4 parts by mass surfactant 1 0.05 parts by mass surfactant 2 0.01 parts by mass ──────────────
作製した各旋光層に対して、旋光子層のΔｎｄおよび膜厚を前述の方法により測定した結果を表１に示す。 Table 1 shows the results obtained by measuring the Δnd and the film thickness of the optical rotation layer for each of the manufactured optical rotation layers by the above-described methods.
＜偏光子の作成＞
厚さ４５μｍのＰＶＡフィルムを、ヨウ素濃度０．０５質量％のヨウ素水溶液中に３０℃６０秒浸漬して染色し、次いでホウ酸濃度４質量％濃度のホウ酸水溶液中に６０秒浸漬している間に元の長さの５倍に縦延伸した後、５０℃で４分間乾燥させて、厚さ１５μｍの偏光子を得た。この時、延伸方向と、吸収軸方向は平行であった。
<Preparation of polarizer>
A 45 μm-thick PVA film is dyed by immersing it in an aqueous iodine solution having an iodine concentration of 0.05% by mass at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds and then immersing it in an aqueous solution of boric acid having a concentration of 4% by mass for 60 seconds. In between, the film was longitudinally stretched to 5 times the original length, and then dried at 50 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a 15 μm-thick polarizer. At this time, the stretching direction was parallel to the absorption axis direction.
＜粘着剤の作製＞
撹拌機、温度計、還流冷却器及び窒素導入管を備えた反応装置に、窒素ガスを導入して、反応装置内の空気を窒素ガスで置換した。その後、反応装置にブチルアクリレート８５質量部、ベンジルアクリレート８質量部、ベンジルメタクリレート５質量部、６−ヒドロキシヘキシルアクリレート１質量部、ジエチルアクリルアミド８質量部とともに溶剤（酢酸エチル）を６５質量部加えた。その後、重合開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル０．１質量部を加え、６５℃で６時間反応させアクリル共重合体溶液を得た。
<Preparation of adhesive>
Nitrogen gas was introduced into a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux condenser, and a nitrogen inlet tube, and the air in the reactor was replaced with nitrogen gas. Thereafter, 65 parts by mass of a solvent (ethyl acetate) were added to the reaction apparatus together with 85 parts by mass of butyl acrylate, 8 parts by mass of benzyl acrylate, 5 parts by mass of benzyl methacrylate, 1 part by mass of 6-hydroxyhexyl acrylate, and 8 parts by mass of diethylacrylamide. Thereafter, 0.1 parts by mass of azobisisobutyronitrile was added as a polymerization initiator and reacted at 65 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain an acrylic copolymer solution.
上記作製したアクリル共重合体溶液に対して、コロネートＨＸ（ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート化合物のイソシアヌレート体）０．２質量部とシリカメラミンコアシェル粒子（粒子径２μｍ、屈折率１．６５）を、２質量部加えて撹拌混合して実施例９に用いたヘイズが２５％である粘着剤組成物を得た。また、シリカメラミンコアシェル粒子を加えない以外は同様にして、実施例８に用いたヘイズが０％である粘着剤組成物を得た。これらの粘着剤組成物をシリコーン樹脂コートされたポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）フィルムからなる剥離フィルムの上に塗布後、９０℃で乾燥することによって溶剤を除去した後、２３℃、５０％ＲＨの雰囲気下で７日間エージングすることにより、粘着剤組成物を架橋してなる粘着剤（厚み２０μｍ）を作製した。 0.2 parts by mass of coronate HX (isocyanurate of a hexamethylene diisocyanate compound) and 2 parts by mass of silicamine amine core-shell particles (particle diameter: 2 μm, refractive index: 1.65) based on the prepared acrylic copolymer solution In addition, the mixture was stirred and mixed to obtain a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition having a haze of 25% used in Example 9. In addition, an adhesive composition having a haze of 0% used in Example 8 was obtained in the same manner except that silicamine amine core-shell particles were not added. After applying these pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions on a release film composed of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film coated with a silicone resin, the solvent is removed by drying at 90 ° C., and then under an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 50% RH. For 7 days to prepare a pressure-sensitive adhesive (thickness: 20 μm) obtained by crosslinking the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
＜上側偏光板の作製（ＩＰＳ用）＞
富士フイルム製ＬＲ０５と、富士フイルム製ＺＲＤ４０に対して、上述した鹸化処理を行った。市販のポリビニルアルコール系接着剤を用いて、上記作製した偏光子の両面にＬＲ０５とＺＲＤ４０を貼り合わせ、上側偏光板を作製した。
<Preparation of upper polarizing plate (for IPS)>
The saponification treatment described above was performed on LR05 manufactured by Fujifilm and ZRD40 manufactured by Fujifilm. Using a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, LR05 and ZRD40 were attached to both surfaces of the polarizer prepared above, to produce an upper polarizer.
＜上側偏光板の作製（ＴＮ用）＞
富士フイルム製ＬＲ０５と、富士フイルム製ＷＶフィルムに対して、上述した鹸化処理を行った。市販のポリビニルアルコール系接着剤を用いて、上記作製した偏光子の両面にＬＲ０５とＷＶフィルムを貼り合わせ、上側偏光板を作製した。
<Production of upper polarizing plate (for TN)>
The saponification treatment described above was performed on LR05 made by Fujifilm and WV film made by Fujifilm. Using a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, LR05 and a WV film were stuck on both surfaces of the polarizer prepared above to prepare an upper polarizing plate.
＜下側偏光板の作製（ＩＰＳ用）＞
富士フイルム製ＺＲＤ４０に対して、上述した鹸化処理を行った。貼り合わせる旋光フィルムの支持体がセルロース系支持体の場合は市販のポリビニルアルコール系接着剤を用いて、それ以外の場合は、エポキシ系接着剤を用いて、上記作製した偏光子の両面に、ＺＲＤ４０と上記作製した各旋光フィルムを貼り合わせた。この時、旋光フィルムの支持体側が偏光子側に来るように貼りあわせた。
<Preparation of lower polarizing plate (for IPS)>
The saponification treatment described above was performed on ZRD40 manufactured by Fujifilm. When the support of the optical rotatory film to be bonded is a cellulose-based support, a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive is used. Otherwise, an epoxy-based adhesive is used. And the optical rotation films produced above were bonded together. At this time, the optical rotation films were bonded so that the support side was on the polarizer side.
＜下側偏光板の作製（ＴＮ用）＞
富士フイルム製ＷＶフィルムに対して、上述した鹸化処理を行った。市販のポリビニルアルコール系接着剤を用いて、上記作製した偏光子の両面に、ＷＶフィルムと上記作製した各旋光フィルムを、ロールトゥロールで貼り合わせた。この時、旋光フィルムの支持体側が偏光子側に来るように貼りあわせた。
<Production of lower polarizing plate (for TN)>
The saponification treatment described above was performed on the WV film manufactured by Fujifilm. Using a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, the WV film and each of the optical rotation films produced above were bonded on both sides of the polarizer produced above in a roll-to-roll manner. At this time, the optical rotation films were bonded so that the support side was on the polarizer side.
＜液晶表示装置の作製＞
表１の組み合わせとなるように、液晶表示装置、上側偏光板、下側偏光板を組み合わせて液晶表示装置を作製した。ここで、セルのモードがＩＰＳの場合は下記のＩＰＳ液晶表示装置の作製、ＴＮの場合は下記のＴＮ液晶表示装置の作製に従って、各液晶表示装置を作製した。
<Production of liquid crystal display device>
A liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining a liquid crystal display device, an upper polarizing plate, and a lower polarizing plate so as to obtain the combination shown in Table 1. Here, when the cell mode was IPS, each liquid crystal display device was manufactured according to the following IPS liquid crystal display device manufacturing, and when the cell mode was TN, each liquid crystal display device was manufactured according to the following TN liquid crystal display device manufacturing process.
〔ＩＰＳ液晶表示装置の作製〕
市販の液晶表示装置（ＬＧＥ製 ３２ＬＦ５８００）の、視認側偏光板、バックライト側偏光板、バックライトユニットを剥がし、上記作製した上側偏光板、下側偏光板を市販の粘着剤を用いて貼り合わせ、特表２０１５−５２５４９３に記載の図面に従い作製した指向性バックライトユニット積層することで液晶表示装置を作製した。この時、上側偏光板の透過軸と下側偏光板の透過軸の交差角度が表１の上下偏光板角度の値となるように、下側偏光板の透過軸と、液晶セルの長辺の交差角度が表１の下偏光板の角度となるように貼りあわせた。
[Production of IPS liquid crystal display device]
The visible side polarizing plate, the backlight side polarizing plate, and the backlight unit of a commercially available liquid crystal display device (32LF5800 manufactured by LGE) are peeled off, and the above-prepared upper polarizing plate and lower polarizing plate are bonded using a commercially available adhesive. A liquid crystal display device was manufactured by stacking directional backlight units manufactured according to the drawings described in JP-T-2015-525493. At this time, the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate and the longer side of the liquid crystal cell are set so that the crossing angle between the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate and the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate becomes the value of the angle of the upper and lower polarizing plates in Table 1. Lamination was performed so that the crossing angle was the angle of the lower polarizing plate in Table 1.
〔ＴＮ液晶表示装置の作製〕
市販の液晶表示装置（ＬＧＥ社製 ２２Ｍ３７Ｄ−Ｂ）の、視認側偏光板、バックライト側偏光板、バックライトユニットを剥がし、上記作製した上側偏光板、下側偏光板を市販の粘着剤を用いて貼り合わせ、特表２０１５−５２５４９３に記載の図面に従い作製した指向性バックライトユニット積層することで液晶表示装置を作製した。この時、上側偏光板の透過軸と下側偏光板の透過軸の交差角度が表１の上下偏光板角度の値となるように、下側偏光板の透過軸と、液晶セルの長辺の交差角度が表１の下偏光板の角度となるように貼りあわせた。
[Production of TN liquid crystal display device]
The visible side polarizing plate, the backlight side polarizing plate, and the backlight unit of a commercially available liquid crystal display device (22M37D-B manufactured by LGE) are peeled off, and the above-prepared upper polarizing plate and lower polarizing plate are prepared using a commercially available adhesive. Then, the liquid crystal display device was manufactured by laminating the directional backlight units manufactured according to the drawings described in JP-T-2015-525493. At this time, the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate and the longer side of the liquid crystal cell are set so that the crossing angle between the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate and the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate becomes the value of the angle of the upper and lower polarizing plates in Table 1. Lamination was performed so that the crossing angle was the angle of the lower polarizing plate in Table 1.
《透過軸マッチングの評価》
上記作製した各液晶表示装置において、下側偏光子に入射する偏光の偏光軸と、下側偏光子の透過軸が揃っているものをＡ、揃っていないものをＣと評価した。結果を表１に示す。
<< Evaluation of transmission axis matching >>
In each of the liquid crystal display devices prepared above, A was evaluated when the polarization axis of the polarized light incident on the lower polarizer and the transmission axis of the lower polarizer were uniform, and C was evaluated when the transmission axes were not uniform. Table 1 shows the results.
《正面輝度の評価》
上記作製した各液晶表示装置で黒表示（Ｌ０）から白表示（Ｌ７）し、各々の表示において、測定機（ＥＺ−Ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ ＸＬ８８、ＥＬＤＩＭ社製）を用いて、輝度を測定した。結果を表１に示す。
比較例１の液晶表示装置を基準として、下記の基準で評価した。
Ａ：比較例１の液晶表示装置の正面輝度に対して１５０％以上。
Ｂ：比較例１の液晶表示装置の正面輝度に対して１３０％以上１５０％未満。
Ｃ：比較例１の液晶表示装置の正面輝度に対して１３０％未満。
<< Evaluation of front luminance >>
From the black display (L0) to the white display (L7) on each of the liquid crystal display devices prepared above, the luminance was measured using a measuring instrument (EZ-Contrast XL88, manufactured by ELDIM) in each display. Table 1 shows the results.
Based on the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1, evaluation was made according to the following criteria.
A: 150% or more of the front luminance of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1.
B: 130% or more and less than 150% with respect to the front luminance of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1.
C: Less than 130% of the front luminance of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1.
《正面色味の評価》
暗室内で上記作製した各液晶表示装置の黒表示時に測定機（ＥＺ−Ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ ＸＬ８８、ＥＬＤＩＭ社製）を用いて、極角０°における方位角０°における各サンプルの色度ｕ’（各サンプル）、ｖ’（各サンプル）を計測し、比較例１の色度ｕ’（比較例１），ｖ’ （比較例１）の差Δｕ’ｖ’を以下の式で算出した。
Δｕ’ｖ’φ＝√（（ｕ’（比較例１）− ｕ’（各サンプル））２＋（ｖ’（比較例１） − ｖ’（各サンプル））２）
《Front color evaluation》
The chromaticity u ′ (each sample) of each sample at an azimuth angle of 0 ° at a polar angle of 0 ° was measured using a measuring instrument (EZ-Contrast XL88, manufactured by ELDIM) during black display of each of the liquid crystal display devices manufactured above in a dark room. ) And v ′ (each sample) were measured, and the difference Δu′v ′ between the chromaticities u ′ (comparative example 1) and v ′ (comparative example 1) of Comparative Example 1 was calculated by the following equation.
Δu′v′φ = √ ((u ′ (Comparative Example 1) −u ′ (each sample)) 2 + (v ′ (Comparative Example 1) −v ′ (each sample)) 2)
各方位角毎に算出したΔｕ’ｖ’φの内、最大値を、その評価サンプルでの色変化量Δｕ’ｖ’とし、下記の基準で評価した。結果を表１に示す。
Ａ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．０００以上、０．００３未満
Ｂ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．００３以上、０．００５未満
Ｃ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．００５以上、０．００８未満
Ｄ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．００８以上
The maximum value of Δu′v′φ calculated for each azimuth was defined as the color change amount Δu′v ′ of the evaluation sample, and evaluated based on the following criteria. Table 1 shows the results.
A: Δu'v 'is 0.000 or more and less than 0.003 B: Δu'v' is 0.003 or more and less than 0.005 C: Δu'v 'is 0.005 or more and less than 0.008 D: Δu'v 'is 0.008 or more
《斜め色味の評価》
暗室内で上記作製した各液晶表示装置の黒表示時に測定機（ＥＺ−Ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ ＸＬ８８、ＥＬＤＩＭ社製）を用いて、極角６０°における方位角０°（水平方向）から反時計方向に３４５°まで１５°刻みで色度ｕ’、ｖ’を計測し、極角６０゜・方位角０゜の色度（ｕ’０，ｖ’０）に対する極角６０゜の各方位角φの色度（ｕ’φ，ｖ’φ）の差Δｕ’ｖ’φを以下の式で算出した。
Δｕ’ｖ’φ＝√（（ｕ’φ − ｕ’０）２＋（ｖ’φ − ｖ’０）２）
《Evaluation of oblique color taste》
Using a measuring instrument (EZ-Contrast XL88, manufactured by ELDIM) at the time of black display of each of the liquid crystal display devices prepared above in a dark room, 345 ° counterclockwise from an azimuth angle of 0 ° (horizontal direction) at a polar angle of 60 °. The chromaticities u 'and v' are measured in increments of 15 ° up to the chromaticity of each azimuth φ of the polar angle 60 ° with respect to the chromaticity (u'0, v'0) of the polar angle 60 ° and the azimuth angle 0 °. The difference Δu′v′φ of (u′φ, v′φ) was calculated by the following equation.
Δu′v′φ = √ ((u′φ−u′0) 2+ (v′φ−v′0) 2)
各方位角毎に算出したΔｕ’ｖ’φの内、最大値を、その評価サンプルでの色変化量Δｕ’ｖ’とし、下記の基準で評価した。結果を表１に示す。
Ａ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．００以上、０．０３未満
Ｂ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．０３以上、０．０５未満
Ｃ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．０５以上、０．０８未満
Ｄ：Δｕ’ｖ’が０．０８以上
The maximum value of Δu′v′φ calculated for each azimuth was defined as the color change amount Δu′v ′ of the evaluation sample, and evaluated based on the following criteria. Table 1 shows the results.
A: Δu'v 'is 0.00 or more and less than 0.03 B: Δu'v' is 0.03 or more and less than 0.05 C: Δu'v 'is 0.05 or more and less than 0.08 D: Δu'v 'is 0.08 or more
《３Ｄ表示性能評価》
上記で作製した液晶表示装置を正面と水平方向に斜め４５°の角度から観察したときに、５人の被験者が目視観察して、正面と水平方向斜め４５°の角度からみた３Ｄ感に変化を感じるか否かの官能評価を行った。５人の被験者が以下の点数で評価し、５人の出した点数の算術平均を求めた。
３点：正面と水平方向斜め４５°から見て３Ｄ感に差を感じない。
２点：正面と水平方向斜め４５°から見て、水平方向斜め４５°の３Ｄ感がやや劣ると感じる。
１点：水平方向斜め４５°の３Ｄ感が見られないと感じる。
上記の算術平均に従い、以下の基準で表１にＡ〜Ｃを記載した。
Ａ：上記算術平均が２．５点以上
Ｂ：上記算術平均が１．５点以上、２．５点未満
Ｃ：上記算術平均が１．５点未満
<< Evaluation of 3D display performance >>
When the liquid crystal display device manufactured above was observed from an angle of 45 ° in the front and the horizontal direction, five subjects visually observed and changed to a 3D feeling viewed from the angle of 45 ° in the front and the horizontal direction. A sensory evaluation of whether or not to feel was performed. Five subjects evaluated according to the following scores, and the arithmetic average of the scores given by the five subjects was obtained.
3 points: There is no difference in the 3D feeling when viewed from the front and at an angle of 45 ° in the horizontal direction.
2 points: When viewed from the front and the oblique angle of 45 ° in the horizontal direction, the 3D feeling at the oblique angle of 45 ° in the horizontal direction is slightly inferior.
One point: I feel that a 3D feeling at an angle of 45 ° in the horizontal direction is not seen.
According to the above arithmetic average, Tables A to C are described in Table 1 based on the following criteria.
A: The arithmetic average is 2.5 points or more B: The arithmetic average is 1.5 points or more and less than 2.5 points C: The arithmetic average is less than 1.5 points
１０ 液晶表示装置
１ 上側偏光子
２ 液晶セル
３ 下側（バックライト側）偏光子
４ 支持体
５ 旋光層
６ 旋光フィルム
７ 凹凸構造を有する指向性可変バックライトユニット
８ 輝度向上フィルム
９ 粘着剤
Ａ バックライトユニット７の出射光の偏光軸
Ｂ 旋光層５のバックライト側の表面側の液晶性化合物の配向方向
Ｃ 旋光層５の視認側の表面側の液晶性化合物の配向方向
Ｄ 下側（バックライト側）偏光子３の透過軸
Reference Signs List 10 liquid crystal display device 1 upper polarizer 2 liquid crystal cell 3 lower (backlight side) polarizer 4 support 5 optical rotation layer 6 optical rotation film 7 variable directivity backlight unit having uneven structure 8 brightness enhancement film 9 adhesive A back Polarization axis of light emitted from light unit 7 B Orientation direction of liquid crystalline compound on the surface side on the backlight side of optical rotation layer 5 C Orientation direction of liquid crystalline compound on the surface side on the viewing side of optical rotation layer 5 D Lower side (backlight Side) Transmission axis of polarizer 3
Claims (4)
前記液晶セルが、ツイステッドネマチック方式の液晶セルであり、
前記旋光層は、液晶性化合物を含み、
前記旋光層の、屈折率異方性△ｎと膜厚ｄとの積△ｎｄが４５０〜５９０ｎｍであり、
前記旋光層の前記指向性可変バックライトユニット側の表面側の前記液晶性化合物の配向方向と、前記指向性可変バックライトユニットからの出射光の偏光軸とがなす角が、０°〜１０°であり、
前記液晶性化合物が、ねじれ配向しており、そのねじれ角が３０〜５０°であり、
前記上側偏光子の透過軸と前記下側偏光子の透過軸との交差角度が９０°であり、
前記下側偏光子の透過軸と前記液晶セルの長辺との交差角度が４５°である、液晶表示装置。 Directional variable backlight unit having an uneven structure, an optical rotation layer, a lower polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and an upper polarizer in this order,
The liquid crystal cell is a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell,
The optical rotation layer includes a liquid crystal compound,
The product △ nd of the refractive index anisotropy △ n and the thickness d of the optical rotation layer is 450 to 590 nm;
The angle between the orientation direction of the liquid crystal compound on the surface side of the optical rotation layer on the side of the directivity variable backlight unit and the polarization axis of light emitted from the directivity variable backlight unit is 0 ° to 10 °. And
The liquid crystal compound is twist-oriented, the twist angle is 30 ~ 50 °,
The crossing angle between the transmission axis of the upper polarizer and the transmission axis of the lower polarizer is 90 °,
A liquid crystal display device, wherein an intersection angle between a transmission axis of the lower polarizer and a long side of the liquid crystal cell is 45 °.
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