JP6631291B2 - Moving object having aerodynamic device on fuselage surface - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a body structure of a vehicle such as an automobile or a moving body, and more particularly, to an aerodynamic device that controls the movement of a moving body by controlling an air flow or a gas flow flowing on a body surface of a moving moving body. The invention relates to a fuselage structure provided with.

  Motion in a vehicle such as a running automobile or other moving objects (aircraft, ships, etc.) is affected by the state of gas flow flowing around the fuselage. Therefore, conventionally, in various modes, an aerodynamic device such as a fin or an air spoiler is arranged on the surface of the vehicle body or the body of the moving body, and the gas flow flowing on the body surface is controlled to control the vehicle or the moving body. Configurations for improving exercise control and / or exercise stability have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 to 4). In particular, according to the configuration in which the wing-shaped projection member (rectifying fin) is attached to the surface of a pillar or the like on both sides of the vehicle body as an aerodynamic device such that the longitudinal direction thereof extends along the horizontal direction of the vehicle body, It is known that the stability of movement of the body in the yaw direction is improved (Patent Documents 3 and 4). According to the configuration in which the rectifying fins are attached to both side surfaces of the vehicle body, in short, first, a moving body (hereinafter, referred to as a “moving body” includes a vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, and the like) during traveling. On both sides of the fuselage, when the gas flow (running wind) flowing on the body surface of the moving body along the traveling direction passes through the rectifying fins, the direction of a part of the gas flow component changes, and the moving body Is formed in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of Then, the gas flow component in the direction parallel to the traveling direction of the moving body and the gas flow component in the direction perpendicular thereto are combined to form a vertical vortex downstream of the rectifying fins. Will increase the flow velocity of the gas flow. Then, as the flow velocity of the gas flow on each surface on both sides of the body increases, the negative pressure acting on the surfaces on both sides increases, so that the body is supported on both sides with greater force ( (Pulled outward), thus obtaining the effect of stabilizing the movement.

JP-A-06-127438 JP-A-06-321143 International Publication 2011/138931 JP-A-2015-83459

  In the case of a projecting member such as a rectifying fin disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4, a vertical vortex is formed by utilizing a gas flow (mainly due to traveling wind) received by a traveling moving body, and the moving body is formed. In other words, it is intended to passively control the movement of the moving body, and the effect of the movement stabilization depends on the state of the gas flow received by the moving body. Will depend on you. Therefore, when the direction of the gas flow received by the moving body changes, the state of the longitudinal vortex formed by the change fluctuates, and the pressure on the body surface also fluctuates. It is difficult to control as it is.

  By the way, according to the study by the inventors of the present invention, in the configuration in which the rectifying fins or the wing-like projection members are provided on the body surface of the moving body as described above, instead of using the gas flow due to the traveling wind, the vertical By providing a mechanism for positively ejecting the gas flow to the wing-shaped projection member so that a vortex is formed, a negative pressure region is formed on the fuselage surface or the pressure on the fuselage surface is changed to a more negative pressure side. It has been found that this makes it possible to control the forces acting on the torso, and that the forces also improve the movement stabilization. Experiments show that using a mechanism to form a vertical vortex by actively ejecting a gas flow has the effect of stabilizing motion against crosswinds rather than forming a vertical vortex using a gas flow generated by running wind. (Maintaining straightness) was also found to be increased. This finding is used in the present invention.

  Thus, one object of the present invention is to form a vertical vortex gas flow on the body surface of a moving body by aerodynamic devices such as rectifying fins or wing-shaped projection members to control movement and / or stabilize movement. In this configuration, a gas flow is sprayed onto such an aerodynamic device to form active longitudinal vortices, thereby enabling active movement control and improving movement stability. Is to provide a configuration.

  According to the present invention, the above object is a moving body having a body, and on a surface of the body, a fin member protruding in a substantially vertical direction and extending in one direction, and a fin member, This is achieved by a moving body including gas flow blowing means for blowing a gas flow near one end of the fin member.

  In such a configuration, the “moving body” is typically a vehicle such as an automobile, but the same operation and effect can be exerted on a moving body other than a vehicle such as an aircraft or a ship. The “moving body” includes an aircraft, a ship, and the like. “Body” is “body” in the case of a vehicle. The “fin member” disposed on the body surface may be similar to a protruding member such as a rectifying fin as disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4, but more preferably, from one end to the other. May have a wing shape in which the width of protrusion in the substantially vertical direction increases toward the end of the wing. In particular, when the fin member extends in the front-rear direction of the moving body, the fin member has a “retreat wing shape” in which the width of the substantially horizontal projection increases toward the rear of the moving body. The “gas flow jetting means” may be of any type as long as the gas flow can be jetted near one end of the “fin member”. As one form, the gas flow jetting means may have a jet outlet disposed at, for example, a position obliquely above or below one end of the fin member on the surface of the body, and such a jet is provided. The outlet blows out the gas flow so as to form a longitudinal vortex gas flow in a direction toward the other end of the fin member when the gas flow is blown out from there near one end of the fin member. Be placed. Further, the gas flow ejected from the gas jetting means may be any gas flow available in the moving body, such as air taken in from around the moving body, exhaust gas from the engine, etc. May be supplied by gas flow pumping means for pumping the gas, for example, a compressor, a blower, or the like, or a gas flow such as a running wind is taken in from the front end of the moving body, and the gas flow is jetted out. A mechanism (gas flow sending means) for sending to the means may be used. Near the front end (near the front end of the moving object)

  According to the configuration of the present invention described above, in short, during the movement of the moving body, the gas flow is expelled from the gas flow jetting means to the fin member in a timely manner. A longitudinal vortex is formed in the direction from the part to the other end, which makes it possible to actively generate or increase negative pressure on the body surface of the mobile body. Then, when an attractive force acts on the body in the direction of the negative pressure, and when the force acts around the center of gravity of the moving body, the attractive force generates a moment for controlling the attitude of the body. If the direction of the moment is in the yaw direction, it can be used for controlling the movement of the moving body in the yaw direction or stabilizing the movement.

  In one embodiment of the present invention described above, the fin member is located on the left and right sides of the body at a position rearward of the center of gravity of the moving body and substantially in the lateral direction from the body. The protruding moving body may be provided so as to extend in the front-rear direction, and the gas flow blowing means may be configured to blow the gas flow to each of the pair of fin members near the front end of the fin member. In this case, since the force generated by the vertical vortex formed by the fin member acts at a position behind the position of the center of gravity of the moving body, a yaw moment is generated. It can be used for motion control or stabilization of motion.

  In utilizing the negative pressure on the fuselage surface obtained by forming a vertical vortex by jetting a gas flow onto the fin member, as one aspect, when a cross wind is generated during traveling of the moving body, The formation of longitudinal vortices by jetting a gas flow may be used to generate an anti-yaw moment in a direction that offsets the turning yaw moment due to crosswinds. In this case, since the turning yaw moment due to the cross wind acts in a direction of turning the front part of the moving body from the windward to the leeward, the vertical vortex may be generated on the leeward side of the moving body by the jet of the gas flow. Then, a yaw moment is generated that pulls the rear part of the moving body to the leeward side, and acts as an anti-yaw moment against the turning yaw moment due to the crosswind. Therefore, in the above-described moving body of the present invention, in the case where the fin member and the gas flow jetting means are provided on each of the left and right side surfaces of the body, the moving body may generate a crosswind component during traveling of the moving body. Only when the gas flow is received, the gas flow blowing means on the lee side of the crosswind component may be configured to blow the gas flow toward the fin member.

  In another aspect of the present invention, a longitudinal vortex may be formed by jetting a gas flow to the fin members on both sides during traveling of the moving body. That is, in the above-described moving body of the present invention, in the case where the fin members and the gas flow jetting means are provided on each of the left and right side surfaces of the body, the pair of fin members are substantially formed in the body. And a pair of gas jetting means may jet a gas jet to a corresponding fin member at all times while the moving body is running. In this case, the motion stability against disturbance such as a cross wind is enhanced relatively than when there is no ejection of the gas flow. This has been confirmed in the experimental results described later.

  Thus, in the above-mentioned present invention, as an aerodynamic device, a fin member is provided on the surface of the body of the moving body, and a gas flow is ejected there to actively form a longitudinal vortex. An arrangement is provided that allows the formation of a strong negative pressure area. According to this configuration, the jet of the gas flow for forming the vertical vortex can be selectively and actively executed according to the situation, so that the motion control action by the aerodynamic device (fin member) is more appropriately exhibited. It is possible to do. Further, in the configuration of the present invention, the mechanical operation is only required for the gas flow jetting means to jet the gas flow, and the fin member itself may be a fixed and immobile device. It is expected that the responsiveness is fast, and the improvement of the robustness is expected as compared with the case where only the traveling wind is used.

  Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

1A and 1B are a schematic side view and a plan view illustrating a configuration of an embodiment of a vehicle (moving body) provided with an aerodynamic device according to the present invention. FIGS. 1C and 1D are diagrams schematically illustrating examples of the shape of a fin member attached to a vehicle body surface. (I) is a shape viewed from the front-back direction of the vehicle body, (ii) is a shape viewed from the up-down direction of the vehicle body, and (iii) is a shape viewed from the lateral direction of the vehicle body. FIG. 2A is a schematic plan view illustrating the configuration of another embodiment of a vehicle (moving body) provided with the aerodynamic device according to the present invention. FIG. 2B is a schematic side view and a plan view illustrating a configuration of still another embodiment of a vehicle (moving body) provided with the aerodynamic device according to the present invention. 3 (A) to 3 (C) are plan views of a vehicle for explaining the operation and effect of the aerodynamic device in a vehicle in which the aerodynamic device according to the present invention is provided on the left and right side surfaces of the vehicle body. FIG. 3A shows a case where a gas flow is ejected to the fin member only on the leeward side of the crosswind component in the presence of a crosswind, and FIGS. In this case, the gas flow is ejected to the fin member. FIG. 4A is a schematic side view and a plan view of a model vehicle used in an experiment for verifying the effect of the present invention. 4 (B) and 4 (C) show the pressure distribution near the fin member when a wind with a yaw angle of 10 ° is applied to the model vehicle, and FIG. (C) shows a case where a gas flow is jetted to the fin member. FIG. 4D shows the yaw moment coefficient measured while changing the yaw angle given to the model vehicle.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Vehicle 12 ... Control device 14 ... Fin member 16 ... Wind direction sensor 18 ... Compressor (blowing means)
Reference Signs List 20 ... Injection port 22 ... Air flow path 24 ... Air intake duct 26 ... Air flow path opening / closing valve

  The present invention will be described in detail with respect to some preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.

Configuration of Apparatus Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B , when the configuration of one embodiment of the present invention is applied to a vehicle 10 such as an automobile, as shown in FIG. Fin members 14r, l are respectively attached to the left and right surfaces of the vehicle body behind Cg, and gas flow outlets 20r, l are provided so that gas flow a is blown near the front ends of the fin members 14r, l. May be provided. The fin members 14r, l are generally elongated wing-shaped members that protrude from the vehicle body substantially in the lateral direction and extend in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, as described in the “Summary of the Invention” section. And, more preferably, having a swept wing shape in which the width of the substantially lateral projection increases toward the rear of the vehicle, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 (C) or (D). May be selected.

  In the configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the gas flow ejected from the ejection ports 20r, 1 may be supplied by an on-board compressor or blower 18 of any type. The operation of the compressor 18 may be controlled by any type of controller 12, as described below, for example, selectively from the compressor 18 by the wind direction detected by an on-board wind direction sensor 16, from the left and right sides. The gas flow may be sent out to one or both of the jet ports 20r, 1 of the above. When the exhaust gas of the engine is used as the gas flow, a part of the gas in the exhaust pipe (not shown) of the engine may be guided to the jet ports 20r and 20l and jetted. Further, as another mechanism for ejecting the gas flow from the ejection ports 20r, l, as shown schematically in FIG. 2A, the air at the front end of the vehicle can be taken in the vehicle 10. Air passages 22r, 1 communicating from the ducts 24r, l to the outlets 20r, l may be provided. In this case, when a traveling wind is generated along with the traveling of the vehicle, the traveling wind is taken into the ducts 24r, l, and is ejected from the outlets 20r, l via the air flow paths 22r, l. Become. In this case, on / off valves 26r, l are provided in each of the air passages 22r, l so as to selectively send out the air flow (gas flow) to one or both of the left and right jet ports 20r, l. Good. The opening / closing control of the opening / closing valves 26r, l is performed by, for example, the controller 12 (not shown in FIG. 2A) according to the wind direction detected by the wind sensor 16 mounted on the vehicle, similarly to the case of the configuration of FIG. May be performed.

  As described in the “Summary of the Invention” section, the gas flow ejected from the ejection ports 20r, l has already been ejected near the front ends of the fin members 14r, l, and thereby the front ends of the fin members 14r, l Behind, it aims at forming a gas flow of a vertical vortex. Therefore, the positional relationship between the fin members 14r, l and the ejection ports 20r, l and the direction of the jetted gas flow are designed and adjusted so that a gas flow of a vertical vortex is appropriately formed. Although not shown, a partition plate or the like having a variable direction for adjusting the direction of the gas flow may be provided inside the jet ports 20r, l. Such design and adjustment can be achieved experimentally or theoretically by those skilled in the art.

  The configuration in which the fin member is provided on the surface of the body of the moving body and the gas flow is jetted out of the fin member may be applied to any part of the body where it is desired to generate a force. For example, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 2B, as another aspect, one fin member 14 is mounted on a substantially central axis of the vehicle 10 so that a gas flow can be blown from both sides thereof. The jet ports 20r, 1 may be arranged at the bottom. In this case, a gas flow is ejected from one or both of the ejection ports 20r and 1 depending on the direction of the force to be applied to the body. (In the illustrated example, when it is desired to swing the rear of the vehicle body to the left side, the gas flow is ejected from the right side, and a vertical vortex gas flow is formed on the left side of the fin member.) Although not provided, the fin member and the ejection port may be provided in any direction, such as a side surface, a roof, etc., ahead of the center of gravity of the vehicle body, in any direction, depending on the direction of the force generated on the vehicle body. It should be understood that cases also fall within the scope of the present invention.

Operation of Apparatus According to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. An operation example of the motion control of the vehicle will be described. In the case of the illustrated embodiment, it has already been described that the fin members 14r, l are attached to the left and right surfaces of the vehicle body, respectively, and the gas flow is ejected from the ejection ports 20r, l near the front end of the fin members 14r, l. Thus, behind the fin members 14r, l, a vertical vortex gas flow is formed as schematically illustrated in FIG. When such a vertical vortex is formed, the flow velocity of the gas flow in that region increases, and as a result, the negative pressure on the vehicle body surface increases (that is, the pressure decreases). . Then, an attractive force acts on the vehicle body from the surface of the vehicle body adjacent to the region where the negative pressure is increased. In the present invention, the attractive force (the attractive force actively generated by the ejection of the gas flow) is generated. It is used for vehicle body motion control and motion stabilization.

  The attractive force actively generated by the ejection of such a gas flow can be used in vehicle motion control in various modes. In one embodiment, when a crosswind is generated while the vehicle is running, the crosswind may be used to generate an anti-yaw moment in a direction to offset the turning yaw moment due to the crosswind. Specifically, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 3A, when a crosswind component is included in the wind received by the vehicle, a jet port on the leeward side of the crosswind component (see FIG. In 20l), the jet of the gas flow is selectively executed, and a gas flow of a vertical vortex is generated in the corresponding fin member 14l. Then, the pressure P in the rear area from the fin member 141 decreases, and the vehicle body surface in that area is pulled outward, so that the turning yaw moment Mt_af due to the wind (running wind + cross wind) received by the vehicle. In contrast, a yaw moment at_Mt in the opposite direction is generated, and at least a part of the turning yaw moment Mt_af is canceled. Thus, the motion control that suppresses the disturbance of the motion of the vehicle due to the crosswind is achieved by the jet of the gas flow from the jet port. The presence or absence and the direction of the crosswind component are detected by the wind direction sensor 16 as described above, and in accordance with the information, the control device 12 controls the gas flow from the discharge ports 20r and l to be selectively executed. May be. At this time, in a state where the presence of the crosswind component is not detected, the ejection of the gas flow from both the ejection ports 20r and l does not need to be executed (in such a configuration, the execution time of the ejection of the gas flow is not necessary). Is limited, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of durability and energy saving.)

  In another embodiment in which the attractive force actively generated by the ejection of the gas flow is used in the motion control, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, during the running of the vehicle. The gas flow may always be ejected from the ejection ports on both the left and right sides, and the gas flow of the vertical vortex may always be generated in the rear region from the fin members 14r, l on the left and right sides. In this case, according to a verification experiment described later, the straight running stability during the running of the vehicle is improved as compared with a state in which the gas flow is not jetted. Then, the formation of the vertical vortex is more reliably achieved than in the case where the rectifying fin described in the section of “Background Art” is used, so that a more robust state is realized. . For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (C), even if a crosswind is generated and the wind direction received by the vehicle body is slightly changed, its influence on the straight running stability is suppressed to be smaller than in a state where no gas flow is blown out. It becomes. In this case, the left and right fin members 14r, l and the ejection ports 20r, l are configured symmetrically so that the vertical vortex is formed substantially symmetrically on both the left and right sides. According to the verification test described below, when the fin members 14r, l are formed with vertical vortices by jetting the gas flow on both the left and right sides, when the yaw angle of the gas flow (wind) received by the vehicle body increases, The results suggest that the vertical vortex on the side becomes relatively large, and that the anti-yaw moment against the crosswind increases.

  As described above, the configuration for injecting the gas flow into the fin member and actively forming the gas flow of the vertical vortex may be provided at an arbitrary portion of the vehicle body. In that case, the pressure in the region where the gas flow of the vertical vortex is generated is reduced as compared with the surrounding region, whereby a force toward the region where the pressure is reduced is generated on the vehicle body surface, and thus the posture of the vehicle body is changed. A controlling force or moment will be applied.

Verification of the operation and effect of the configuration of the present invention In order to verify the operation and effect of the above configuration of the present invention, a model test vehicle (low air resistance vehicle) schematically illustrated in FIG. It was placed on a load cell and the aerodynamic characteristics were examined. In the model test vehicle, as shown in the figure, fin members 14 are attached to the left and right sides on the rear of the vehicle body, and further, ejection ports 20 are provided on both the left and right sides near the front end thereof. The gas flow is ejected near the front end of the fin member 14. Then, as shown, a gas flow (wind) was given from the front of the vehicle body at an arbitrary yaw angle β.

  Thus, first, referring to FIGS. 4 (B) and 4 (C), the case where the gas flow is not ejected from the ejection port in the state where the yaw angle of 10 ° is applied to the model vehicle, and FIG. The pressure distribution near the fin member 14 was observed between when the gas flow was ejected from the outlet. Then, as shown in the figure, in the case where the gas flow was ejected from the ejection port (C), the pressure was lower than in the case where the gas flow was not ejected from the ejection port (B). . This suggests that the ejection of the gas stream formed the longitudinal vortices more effectively and reduced the pressure much more.

  Next, a gas flow (wind) is sent from the front of the vehicle body while changing its yaw angle β, and the yaw moment generated in the vehicle body under various conditions is measured as described later. The dimensionless yaw moment coefficient Cym was compared. FIG. 4D shows a change in the yaw moment coefficient Cym with respect to the yaw angle β of the gas flow given from the front of the vehicle body. In the figure, in the case of a model vehicle without fins (without fins), when the gas flow is not ejected from the ejection port with the fins attached (with fins (no ejection)), the fins are attached. When the gas flow is blown out from the left and right outlets at both sides (spout (both sides)), when the gas flow is blown out only from the windward outlet with the fins attached (spout (upwind)), the fins The change of the yaw moment coefficient Cym when the gas flow is ejected from only the leeward ejection port with the attached (eject (leeward)) is shown in the figure. The lower the is, the larger the effect of the anti-yaw moment caused by the gas flow given from the front of the vehicle body is.Then, referring to FIG. When the fin member is present, a certain decrease in the yaw moment coefficient Cym was observed. In addition, there were "fins (no ejection)" and "ejection (upwind)". It can be understood that no effective anti-yaw moment action was obtained by comparing the “with fin (without blast)”, the “with blast (both sides)” and the “with blast (downwind)”. )), A large decrease in the yaw moment coefficient Cym is observed, and these are caused by the generation of a longitudinal vortex near the fin member 14 due to the ejection of the gas flow from the ejection port, whereby the pressure is reduced. Thus, an effective anti-yaw moment was applied.

  Thus, from the above results, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, when a crosswind is present, the gas flow is positively applied to the fin members attached to the vehicle body surface on the downwind side of the crosswind or on both the left and right sides. It is shown that the anti-yaw moment is generated and the straight running stability is improved. In addition, when comparing the case of “spout (both sides)” and the case of “spout (leeward)”, in the case of “spout (both sides)”, the slope of the yaw moment coefficient Cym with respect to the yaw angle β is relatively small. Is observed to be smaller. This suggests that the action of the anti-yaw moment is increased in the case of “spout (both sides)” as the yaw angle β increases, as compared with the case of “spout (leeward)”. . In other words, in the state where the gas flow is ejected to the fin members on both the left and right sides, it is suggested that if there is a crosswind, the pressure drop width on the leeward side may be larger than the pressure drop width on the windward side. I have.

  Although the above description has been made in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, many modifications and changes are easily possible for those skilled in the art, and the present invention is limited to only the above-exemplified embodiments. It will be clear that the invention is not limited and applies to various devices without departing from the concept of the invention.

  In the description of the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to a vehicle has been described. However, the present invention is similarly applicable to other moving objects such as aircraft, ships, and the like. It should be understood that cases are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

A moving body having a body,
On the surface of the body, a fin member projecting in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the body and extending along the traveling direction of the moving body ;
In the traveling direction of the moving body, in the direction from the front end to the rear end of the fin member, the gas flow is blown toward the vicinity of the front end of the fin member such that a vertical vortex gas flow is formed. A gas flow ejection means having an ejection port disposed on a surface of the body. 2. The moving body according to claim 1, wherein the fin member has a wing shape in which the width in the substantially vertical direction increases from the front end toward the rear end . 3. The mobile object according to claim 1 or 2,
The fin members protrude substantially laterally from the body at a position behind the center of gravity of the moving body on the left and right sides of the body, along the front-rear direction of the moving body. Provided to extend,
A moving body in which the gas flow jetting unit jets the gas flow to each of the pair of fin members near a front end of the fin member.   The moving body according to claim 3, wherein only when the moving body receives a crosswind component while the moving body is traveling, the gas flow blowing means on the leeward side of the crosswind component applies a gas flow to the fin member. A moving body that gushes.   4. The moving body according to claim 3, wherein the pair of fin members are disposed substantially symmetrically in the body, and the pair of fins always correspond to the pair of fins while the moving body is running. A moving body that ejects a gas flow to a member.   The moving body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a gas flow pumping means for pumping a gas flow jetted from the gas flow jetting means.   The moving body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a gas flow sending means for taking in a gas flow from a front end of the moving body and sending the gas flow to the gas flow ejecting means.

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