JP6621193B2 - Carbonization gasifier - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus that generates pyrolysis gas by indirectly heating a biomass fuel from the outside (combustion of carbide is a heat source) in order to generate a heat quantity used for power generation and heat generation.

  In recent years, combustion devices have been used for various purposes. For example, it may be used for processing waste or for processing for the purpose of using pyrolysis gas generated by a combustion device. That is, a pyrolysis gas is generated using biomass or waste, and the combustion heat of the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis gas is used for various purposes.

  For example, it is necessary to combust waste such as garbage and general waste. This is because waste such as food waste and general waste can be treated by the combustion treatment. Even in such waste combustion treatment, a combustion apparatus that generates heat is required.

  Of course, the combustion apparatus is also used in the combustion treatment of various wastes other than raw garbage and general garbage.

  Here, recently, biomass fuel that uses unprocessed materials such as wood chips, mill ends, bamboo chips, and other unsuitable mill materials is used as a raw material for the combustion apparatus. A lot is happening. In addition to biomass fuels such as wood and bamboo, animal-derived biomass fuels may be used.

  For the purpose of burning waste, biomass fuel derived from waste may be burned. Alternatively, biomass fuel may be burned to use the heat obtained by combustion. Combustion using conventional fossil fuels causes the problem of exhaustion of fossil fuels (petroleum, coal). In addition, there is a problem of high cost. Furthermore, there is a problem of environmental load in each process from fossil fuel mining to combustion.

  For this reason, it is calculated | required that biomass fuel is used as a fuel of a combustion apparatus, and it has come to be used.

  On the other hand, negative awareness about power generation and heat generation using fossil fuels has been increasing due to the recent increase in environmental awareness and soaring and fluctuations in fossil fuel costs. In addition, due to the effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the like, strict eyes on nuclear power generation are increasing. For this reason, it has become difficult to use fossil fuels and nuclear fuels in a combustion apparatus for generating power and generating heat, and it has become difficult to newly install power plants using these.

  Furthermore, the electricity generated by a large power plant needs to be transmitted over a long distance toward the actual consumption area. Problems such as power transmission costs and power loss due to power transmission are increasing. In the conventional background of large-scale production, large-scale consumption, and uniform national land, a power model that installs large power plants in rural areas and supplies large power to large cities was appropriate.

  However, there is a demand for local production and local consumption in the generation of electricity and the necessary heat generation due to the decline in population, shrinking local economy, diversification of life, difficulty in maintaining costs, and heightened safety and environmental awareness in Japan. It comes to come. Further, in a small area, it is required to be able to generate power and generate heat at a small scale and at a low cost.

  For example, when an earthquake occurs, it is necessary to generate electric power or generate hot water necessary for daily life in an area damaged by the earthquake. Even in this case, it is difficult to manufacture, transport, and construct a large plant. There is a need for a small, low-cost device that can generate electric power and hot water that can be installed in an earthquake disaster area at an early stage.

  In a combustion apparatus that generates compact power generation and heat generation in a small area that is compatible with such local production for local consumption and earthquake, it is preferable that biomass fuel that can be easily procured locally can be used.

  As described above, the demand for a combustion apparatus using biomass fuel that is small in size, low cost, easy to manufacture and install, easy to install in various places such as a narrow place, an urban area, and a suburb is increasing year by year.

  Under such circumstances, a combustion apparatus that enhances combustion efficiency has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Or the combustion apparatus which obtains pyrolysis gas is proposed (for example, refer to patent documents 2).

JP 2007-303737 A JP-A-2005-291474

  Patent Document 1 discloses that the pyrolysis furnace apparatus 10 includes a combustion chamber 27, a rotary drum 11 provided through the combustion chamber 27, and an input screw 22 provided in the inlet-side non-heating region 11 a of the rotary drum 11. It has. A scraping plate 33 is fixed to an upper portion of the screw casing 23 of the charging screw 22 provided in the inlet-side non-heating region 11a of the rotary drum 11, and the scraping plate 33 has a curved shape while rotating outward in the radial direction. Have. The thermal decomposition path apparatus which removes the deposit | attachment adhering to the rotating drum 11 inner surface with this scraping board 33 is disclosed.

  Patent Document 1 aims to burn waste and the like and separate the gas into volatile components and combustion residues in the combustion.

  However, the technique of Patent Document 1 causes a clinker to remain inside the combustion chamber and the drum. Due to the occurrence of this clinker, it is difficult for the pyrolysis path device to increase its combustion efficiency. This is because if the clinker remains or adheres, combustion is inhibited by the clinker and the combustion efficiency decreases.

  Alternatively, when the clinker remains or adheres to the inside, it is necessary to periodically remove the clinker. The clinker removal work is time consuming and the combustion process cannot be performed during the work. For this reason, there is also a problem that the combustion efficiency on the time axis is lowered.

  Moreover, there is also a problem that the combustion capacity in the thermal decomposition path device is lowered due to the clinker remaining or adhering. Such clinker generation is more likely to occur when the fuel in the combustion apparatus is biomass, woody fuel, or the like.

  Further, when the combustion temperature inside the combustion apparatus becomes higher than the optimum combustion temperature of the combustion material, there is a problem that NOx which is a pollutant is generated. When the combustion temperature inside the combustion apparatus is too higher than the optimal combustion temperature or the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is too high, clinker and NOx are likely to be generated.

  As described above, the generation of the clinker causes a problem to the combustion apparatus itself. NOx can cause adverse effects on the external environment. Neither is preferred.

  In particular, when the combustion apparatus uses biomass fuel, the clinker is likely to be generated as a characteristic of the biomass fuel. When the clinker is likely to be generated, the clinker is stuck inside the combustion apparatus, and there arises a problem that the operation of the combustion apparatus must be stopped to remove the clinker.

  When the combustion device is used for power generation or heat generation, biomass fuel is burned in the combustion device and separated into carbides and pyrolysis gas. Among these, pyrolysis gas is used for the power generator. However, since biomass fuel is not a pure carbide, various impure components are contained in the pyrolysis gas. In particular, the tar component is contained in the pyrolysis gas, which is not preferable for a power generation apparatus that generates power using the pyrolysis gas.

  This is because tar sticks to the combustion device or impedes operation.

  Moreover, in the combustion apparatus using the pyrolysis gas burned using biomass fuel, the biomass fuel is accommodated in the combustion furnace that accommodates the biomass fuel, not directly burned with flame. Heat is applied from the outside of the combustion furnace, and the biomass fuel is burned by this heating. This is to prevent carbonization including pyrolysis gas of biomass fuel (because it requires pyrolysis gas used for power generation and heat generation).

  When such external heating is performed, impure components such as tar are likely to remain in the pyrolysis gas as compared with combustion using a direct flame. On the other hand, as described above, if direct combustion is performed, there is a problem that the amount of pyrolysis gas generated is reduced. In addition, in the direct combustion inside the combustion furnace containing the biomass fuel, there is a problem that the clinker tends to adhere to the inside of the combustion furnace.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, heat is transferred to the rotating drum 10 by causing the heated fluid to flow through the rotating drum 10 that conveys and heat-processes the object to be processed while rotating. An indirect heating type rotary kiln furnace is disclosed in which a large number of substantially spherical recesses 12 are formed on the outer surface of a rotating drum 10 through which heated fluid flows.

  In Patent Document 2, fuel is put into a rotating drum and indirectly heated from the outside to burn the fuel. In this way, the pyrolysis gas is obtained. However, the combustion by the rotation of the rotating drum alone is still insufficient, and impure components such as tar tend to remain in the pyrolysis gas. Of course, if the heating level is increased too much, there is a problem that the amount of pyrolysis gas decreases.

  There is also a problem that the clinker tends to remain inside the rotating drum.

  The conventional biomass fuel combustion apparatus (combustion furnace) for obtaining pyrolysis gas necessary for power generation and heat generation has the above-mentioned problems.

That is,
Problem 1: The occurrence of clinker is large.
Problem 2: The amount of pyrolysis gas generated is small. Problem 3: Impurity components such as tar are likely to remain in the generated pyrolysis gas.

  In view of these problems, the present invention provides a carbonization gasification apparatus and an electrothermal generation apparatus capable of generating pyrolysis gas that can be easily used for power generation and heat generation by reducing impure components such as tar while suppressing generation of clinker. The purpose is to do.

The carbonization gasification apparatus of the present invention includes a carbonization furnace,
A combustion unit for applying combustion heat from the outside to the carbonization furnace,
The inside of the carbonization furnace
A plurality of heat pipes for passing combustion heat;
A main body for containing biomass fuel that is heated by receiving heat from the heat pipe,
The heat from the heat pipes carbonizes the biomass fuel stored in the main body,
Carbonization produces pyrolysis gas and carbides ,
The carbonization furnace is a cylinder having an internal space,
The plurality of heat pipes are cylindrical installed in the internal space,
At least a part of the plurality of heat pipes includes a plurality of communication passages communicating with the internal space,
A plurality of communicating passages, as going to the tip from the base of the carbonization furnace, you increase the opening amount per unit area.

In the furnace in which the biomass fuel is accommodated, heating from a plurality of hot air passages provided inside the furnace is uniformly applied to the biomass fuel. For this reason, carbonization gasification by heating is performed without directly burning biomass fuel with flame.

  By this carbonization, the biomass fuel is pyrolyzed and gasified with high efficiency, and the generation of clinker is suppressed.

  Moreover, by highly efficient carbonization gasification, it can isolate | separate into a carbide | carbonized_material and pyrolysis gas efficiently, and the pyrolysis gas obtained can also reduce containing impurity components, such as a tar. As a result, the pyrolysis gas can be used efficiently in a power generation apparatus that uses a gas engine or the like.

  In carbonization gasification using biomass fuel as a combustion material, problems such as clinker and tar that are problematic can be reduced, and the pyrolysis gas can be suitably used for applications such as power generation and heat generation.

  In addition, since the electrothermal generation system can be realized only by the carbonization gasifier, the accompanying elements, and the power generation device using the pyrolysis gas, it is small, easy to install, low cost, and in a place that requires locality. Installation can be realized.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of an updraft gasification furnace. Schematic diagram of conventional combustion system It is a block diagram of the carbonization gasification apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the carbonization furnace in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the carbonization furnace in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the carbonization gasification apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the carbonization furnace 2 and its periphery in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the electric heat generation system in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the electric heat generation system in Embodiment 2 of this invention.

A carbonization gasification apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a carbonization furnace,
A combustion unit for applying combustion heat from the outside to the carbonization furnace,
The inside of the carbonization furnace
A plurality of heat pipes for passing combustion heat;
A main body for containing biomass fuel that is heated by receiving heat from the heat pipe,
The heat from the heat pipes carbonizes the biomass fuel stored in the main body,
Pyrolysis gas and carbide are generated by carbonization gasification.

  With this configuration, a thermally decomposable gas with less impure components such as tar can be obtained efficiently.

In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the second invention of the present invention, in addition to the first invention, the carbonization furnace has a cylindrical shape having an internal space,
The plurality of heat pipes are in a cylindrical shape installed in the internal space.

  With this configuration, the space in which the biomass fuel is burned is increased, combustion heat from the combustion unit is efficiently applied, and thermal decomposition proceeds efficiently.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the third invention of the present invention, in addition to the second invention, the plurality of heat pipes are installed with a direction axis along the internal space of the carbonization furnace, and each of the plurality of heat pipes is Pass combustion heat along the direction axis.

  With this configuration, the combustion heat is uniformly applied to the biomass fuel inside the main body.

  In the carbonization gasifier according to the fourth invention of the present invention, in addition to the second or third invention, at least a part of the plurality of heat pipes includes a plurality of communication passages communicating with the internal space.

  With this configuration, heat that travels through the heat pipes leaks from the communication path to the main body, and heat is applied.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the fourth aspect, the plurality of communication passages increase the opening amount per unit area from the root of the carbonization furnace to the tip.

  With this configuration, as the combustion heat moves, the combustion heat leaking into the internal space of the main body increases, and the application of combustion heat to the biomass fuel becomes efficient. It is possible to apply combustion heat in accordance with the progress of thermal decomposition.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the second to fifth aspects, the main body is the remainder of the plurality of heat pipes in the internal space of the carbonization furnace.

  With this configuration, the overall configuration becomes compact. Further, the thermal contact between the heat pipe line and the main body becomes efficient.

  In the carbonization gasifier according to the seventh invention of the present invention, in addition to any of the fourth to sixth inventions, the plurality of heat pipes have combustion heat moving inside the heat pipe and combustion heat leaking from the communication path. Is added to the biomass fuel contained in the main body.

  With this configuration, the biomass fuel is efficiently pyrolyzed. As a result, pyrolysis gas can be obtained efficiently.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the second to seventh aspects, the plurality of heat pipes are provided along the inner wall of the internal space, And an internal heat pipe provided along the vicinity of the center of the internal space.

  With this configuration, combustion heat can be applied to the biomass fuel accommodated in the main body from various directions and angles. As a result, high thermal decomposition can be realized.

  In the carbonization gasifier according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to eighth aspects, the carbonization furnace is rotatable.

  With this configuration, internal combustion heat circulation is increased, and thermal decomposition is promoted.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any of the first to ninth aspects, at least a part of the plurality of heat pipes can rotate independently of the carbonization furnace.

  With this configuration, the heat pipe is rotated independently of the carbonization furnace, whereby the application of combustion heat from the heat pipe is more evenly performed.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to tenth aspects, the pyrolysis gas that outputs the pyrolysis gas from the biomass fuel carbonized in the carbonization furnace. An output part and a carbide discharge part which discharges carbide are further provided.

  With this configuration, the pyrolysis gas and carbide can be used for various applications.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the eleventh aspect, the pyrolysis gas is used for at least part of power generation and hot water generation.

  With this configuration, the pyrolysis gas can realize power generation and the like.

In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, the combustion unit comprises:
A body cylinder to which the combustion material is supplied;
A combustion cylinder connected to the tip of the body cylinder;
A combustion material supply passage for supplying the combustion material to the main body cylinder;
A first air supply unit to an nth air supply unit for supplying air into the body cylinder;
In the internal space of the main body cylinder, a central moisture supply part for supplying moisture near the central axis,
In the internal space of the main body cylinder, a peripheral moisture supply unit that supplies moisture near the inner periphery,
The first air supply unit to the nth air supply unit are arranged in the first to nth order from the base of the main body tube to the tip,
Each of the first air supply unit to the nth air supply unit increases the amount of air supplied to the main body cylinder in the first to nth order.

  With this configuration, the combustion unit can generate combustion heat more efficiently.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the thirteenth aspect, the carbide discharged from the carbide discharge portion is reused as a combustion material used in the combustion unit.

  With this configuration, the carbide can be reused, and the energy efficiency as a whole can be improved.

  In the carbonization gasification apparatus according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the carbonization gasification apparatus and the combustion unit have a downward inclination with respect to a horizontal plane.

  With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the clinker from being generated by excessively raising the combustion temperature.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  (Embodiment 1)

(Analysis by the inventor)
The inventor analyzed the problems of the carbonization apparatus for obtaining pyrolysis gas as follows.

(Problem 1: Problem of choosing fuel)
An updraft type gasification furnace may be used as a gasifier for obtaining pyrolysis gas. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of this updraft type gasification furnace.

  In such an updraft gasification furnace, biomass fuel is introduced from above and gradually burned to obtain pyrolysis gas. However, a very fine internal structure and highly accurate internal temperature control are required by the structure in which the pyrolysis process gradually proceeds from below to above and the structure in which the combustion ash is generated downward. In addition, since tar and clinker are easily generated, there is a problem that high quality fuel must be used.

  The need to use expensive and high-quality fuels that contain little ash, inorganic or impure components, that is, there is a problem of selecting the mode of use and the supply fuel, and there is a problem that running costs increase. . Of course, it leads to the problem of insufficient fuel supply.

(Problem 2: Tal is likely to occur)
In the configuration where only heat is applied to the gasification furnace from the outside, carbonization becomes insufficient, and there is a problem that a part of the pyrolysis gas obtained contains a lot of impure components such as tar (clogging of the duct, failure of the gas engine). is there. Occurrence of clinker can also occur due to thermal decomposition including impure components such as tar. For example, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional gasification apparatus. The gasification furnace main body is provided with a plurality of pipes for introducing combustion materials, and indirectly to the gasification furnace main body from the outside. Give heat.

  Due to the applied heat, the combustor introduced into the pipe is gasified.

  In FIG. 2, the combustion furnace main body 200 is provided with a pipe line 210. Combustion material is put into this pipe line 210, and heat is applied from the outside of the gasifier main body 200. Due to the heat applied from the outside, the combustion material put into the pipe line 210 is gasified. By this gasification, pyrolysis gas and carbide are obtained.

  However, in this structure, heat from the outside is hardly applied uniformly to the combustion material in the pipe 210, and gasification becomes insufficient. When the gasification is insufficient, the amount of pyrolysis gas obtained, the amount of heat, and the temperature become insufficient, and impure components such as tar are likely to be included. Such pyrolysis gas is difficult to use for power generation (gas engine) or heat generation.

  In addition, clinker tends to adhere due to insufficient gasification. When the clinker adheres inside the narrow pipe 210, the pipe 210 becomes unusable and maintenance is required. Even when heat is applied from the outside of the combustion main body passage 200, heat transfer and spread in the narrow passage 210 are insufficient, and there is a problem that impure components such as tar tend to increase.

  Neither the choice of the quality of the combustion material nor the generation of a large amount of impure components such as tar (the occurrence of clinker is large) is not preferable in obtaining a pyrolysis gas for use. The pyrolysis gas is used as energy for power generation or heat generation. However, if these problems occur, energy efficiency is deteriorated, maintenance costs are increased, and the operation period is shortened.

  The inventor needs to analyze the conventional technology and related technologies to realize thermal decomposition that is less likely to generate tar and impure components while reducing the dependence on the quality of the combustion material. Analyzed that there was.

(Overview)
First, an overall outline of the carbonization gasification apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the carbonization apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. For the sake of clarity, the heat pipe 21 inside the carbonization furnace 2 is partially omitted.

  The carbonization gasification apparatus 1 includes a carbonization furnace 2 and a combustion unit 3. The carbonization furnace 2 carbonizes the biomass fuel that is actually the combustion material. The combustion unit 3 supplies heat necessary for carbonizing the biomass fuel in the carbonization furnace 2. Thus, the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 includes two carbonization furnaces: a carbonization furnace 2 that carbonizes an actual biomass fuel to obtain gas, and a combustion unit 3 that gives heat to the carbonization furnace 2 for gasification. With elements.

  The carbonization furnace 2 has a plurality of heat pipes 21 and a main body 22 inside thereof. The plurality of heat pipes 21 pass the combustion heat generated in the combustion unit. The combustion unit 3 performs combustion by various methods to generate combustion heat. This combustion heat moves from the combustion unit 3 to the heat pipe 21 as indicated by an arrow A in FIG. The heat pipe 21 passes (moves) this combustion heat to the inside thereof, and applies this heat to the main body portion 22 of the carbonization furnace 2.

  Biomass fuel 10 is supplied to the main body 22. An arrow B in FIG. 3 shows a situation where the biomass fuel 10 is supplied to the main body 22. The main body 22 has a space, and the biomass fuel 10 supplied into the space is carbonized. In this carbonization gasification, heat transmitted from the heat pipe 21 inside the carbonization furnace 2 is used.

  The heat pipe 21 and the main body 22 are in thermal contact. For this reason, the heat from the heat pipe 21 is transmitted to the main body 2. The main body 2 contains the biomass fuel 10. The heat from the heat pipe 21 gives heat to the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 2. By applying this heat, the biomass fuel 10 is carbonized.

  By this carbonization, pyrolysis gas and carbide are generated. FIG. 3 shows a state in which pyrolysis gas and carbide are generated from the carbonization furnace 2.

  This pyrolysis gas is used for various applications that require heat.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the carbonization furnace 2 has a structure including an internal space 23. The internal space 23 includes a plurality of heat pipe lines 21 and a main body portion 22. As shown in FIG. 3, the main body portion 22 only needs to be grasped as the remaining portion of the heat pipe 21 in the internal space 23 (the remaining portion may or may not be all). The main body 22 accommodates the biomass fuel 10, but the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 22 is uniformly applied with heat from the plurality of heat pipes 21 provided in the internal space 23. It is done. That is, it is different from the structure of FIG.

  The biomass fuel 10 is spread inside the main body 22. Since the plurality of heat pipes 21 are provided in the internal space 23, the heat pipes 21 are provided uniformly around the biomass fuel 10. In addition, since the heat pipe 21 is plural, the heat pipe 21 applies heat to the main body 22 that is the remaining part of the internal space 23 at various positions and angles.

  That is, heat from the heat pipe 21 is applied to the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 22 so as to be surrounded from the periphery. The application of heat as surrounded by the heat leads to the heat being applied uniformly to the stored biomass fuel 10. As a result, the biomass fuel 10 is carbonized with sufficient heat. That is, insufficient thermal decomposition is unlikely to occur.

  As a result, the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 22 is pyrolyzed and gasified at a high level to generate pyrolyzed gas that does not contain impure components such as tar. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of clinker can also be suppressed by a high thermal decomposition level. Furthermore, carbides generated in addition to the pyrolysis gas are less likely to contain impurities. It solves the problems analyzed by the prior art and the inventors.

  It is also preferable to introduce porous particles or catalyst particles into the main body 22. This is because when the biomass fuel 10 is carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas, the generation of tar can be suppressed by the porous particles and the catalyst particles.

  Next, the detail of each part is demonstrated.

(Carbonization furnace)
The carbonization furnace 2 is a cylindrical member having an internal space 23. By being cylindrical, the main body portion 22 included in the internal space 23 is in a form that can easily accommodate the biomass fuel 10. In addition, the carbonization furnace 2 is easily provided with a plurality of heat pipes 21 in the internal space 23.

  The carbonization furnace 2 is also preferably rotatable. That is, it is a form like a rotating drum. By allowing the carbonization furnace 2 to rotate, the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the internal space 23 (main body portion 22) can receive heat from the heat pipe 21 while changing its position by the rotational motion. By receiving heat while changing this position, the biomass fuel 10 can be thermally decomposed at a high level.

  The carbonization furnace 2 receives heat from the combustion unit 3. For this reason, it is also preferable to provide a moving passage that receives the movement of heat from the combustion unit 3. In particular, the combustion heat is supplied to the heat pipe 21. It is preferable that a moving passage for supplying combustion heat to the heat pipe 21 is provided.

  The carbonization furnace 2 includes a plurality of heat pipes 21 inside. Since the carbonization furnace 2 includes the internal space 23, a plurality of heat pipes 21 can be provided. In addition, since the carbonization furnace 2 is cylindrical, the internal space 23 is also cylindrical, and a plurality of heat pipes 21 are easily provided.

  In addition, when the internal space 23 includes a plurality of heat pipes 21, the remaining part becomes the main body part 22, and the main body part 22 having a large thermal contact area with the heat pipe line 21 can be formed. Thus, by being the cylindrical carbonization furnace 2, the main-body part 22 with a large thermal contact area with the heat pipe line 21 can be formed, and the biomass accommodated in the main-body part 22 is the heat from the heat pipe line 21. Fuel 10 can be received evenly.

(Heat pipe)
The heat pipe line 21 is provided in the internal space 23. Since the carbonization furnace 2 is cylindrical, it is also preferable that the heat pipe 21 provided in the internal space 23 is cylindrical (corner and round shapes are also possible). When the heat pipe line 21 has a cylindrical shape, it becomes easy to move the combustion heat into the heat pipe line 21. In addition, the moving combustion heat can be easily transmitted / released to the outside of the heat pipe 21, and the heat pipe 21 can easily apply heat to the biomass fuel 10 of the main body 22.

  It is also preferable that the plurality of heat pipes 21 be installed on a direction axis along the internal space 23 of the carbonization furnace 2. In FIG. 3, the carbonization furnace 2 is cylindrical. For this reason, the internal space 23 is also cylindrical (polygonal shape is also possible).

  A plurality of heat pipes 21 are installed in the cylindrical internal space 23. In accordance with this structure, it is also preferable that a plurality of heat pipes 21 be installed along the cylindrical internal space 23. At this time, since each of the plurality of heat pipes 21 is cylindrical, the internal space 23 of the cylindrical carbonization furnace 2 having a large inner diameter is provided with a plurality of cylindrical heat pipes 21 having a small inner diameter. Become.

  FIG. 3 shows such a configuration as an example of the carbonization furnace 2.

  Since the plurality of heat pipes 21 are installed along the direction axis along the internal space 23 of the carbonization furnace 2, the combustion heat supplied from the combustion unit 3 is moved along this direction axis. At this time, since the plurality of heat pipes 21 are provided in the internal space 23, the heat pipe 21 and the internal space 23 (main body part 22) are in thermal contact with each other over a wide area.

  In this state, heat can be applied to a large area by moving the combustion heat in the heat pipe 21 along the direction axis along the internal space 23. As a result of this application, the biomass fuel 10 contained in the main body 22 can be thermally decomposed at a high carbonization level.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the carbonization furnace in the first embodiment of the present invention.

  The carbonization furnace 2 is also preferably cylindrical as shown in FIG. The internal space 23 is also cylindrical.

  With this structure, the carbonizing furnace 2 has a cross section as shown in FIG.

  The plurality of heat pipes 21 are provided in the internal space 23. In FIG. 4, a plurality of heat pipes 21 are provided on the outer edge (inner wall) of the internal space 23. In the internal space 23, the remaining portion where the plurality of heat pipes 21 are provided becomes the main body 22. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of heat pipes 21 are provided so as to surround the main body 22.

  The carbonization furnace 2 is also preferably provided with a heat supply path 25. The heat supply path 25 supplies combustion heat from the combustion unit 3 to the carbonization furnace 2. The heat supply path 25 supplies combustion heat to the heat pipe 21 provided in the carbonization furnace 2. In addition, when the heat supply path 25 is also provided on the outer periphery of the carbonization furnace 2 (the outer periphery of the internal space 23), the heat supply path 25 applies heat to the internal space 23 from the outer periphery. FIG. 4 shows a state in which a heat supply path 25 is also provided on the outer periphery of the internal space 23.

  The heat supply path 25 supplies heat to the plurality of heat pipe paths 21 as described above. Due to this heat supply, the plurality of heat pipes 21 move heat therein. Along with this heat transfer, the heat pipe line 21 applies heat to the internal space 23.

  Thus, the heat supply path 25 and the plurality of heat pipe lines 21 provided on the outer periphery of the internal space 23 can supply heat to the internal space 23, that is, the main body 22. By applying this heat, the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body portion 22 is uniformly applied with heat and can be pyrolyzed at a high carbonization level.

  Further, it is also preferable that at least a part of the plurality of heat pipe lines 21 includes a plurality of communication paths 24 communicating with the internal space 23. In FIG. 4, a mode in which the plurality of heat pipe lines 21 include the communication path 24 is illustrated.

  The communication path 24 communicates the heat pipe line 21 and the internal space 23 (main body part 22). Through the communication of the communication path 24, heat that moves inside the heat pipe 21 is supplied to the main body 22. Thus, heat is directly supplied to the main body portion 22 from the communication path 24.

  In other words, the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 22 has a heat supply path 25 provided on the outer periphery of the internal space 23, heat conducted from the heat moving through the heat pipe 21, and heat leaking from the communication path 24. Each is given. As a result, heat is uniformly applied to the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 22 from various directions and positions. As a result of this heat application, the biomass fuel 10 can be pyrolyzed at a high carbonization level.

  The arrows in FIG. 4 indicate heat transfer in the heat supply path 25 and heat supply from the communication path 24. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view, but when viewed from the side as shown in FIG. 3, heat moves inside the heat pipe 21.

  The communication path 24 may be provided as a single slit shape along the heat pipe line 21. Or the through-hole provided in each of the some heat pipe line 21 may be sufficient. This is because, in any form, the heat moving through the heat pipe 21 is radiated to the main body 22 through the communication path 24.

  Further, when a plurality of communication passages 24 are provided in each of the heat pipes 21, the opening amount per unit area increases from the root of the carbonization furnace 2 to the tip (from one end to the other end). It is also preferable to increase. For example, in FIG. 3, the left side is the root of the carbonization furnace 2, and the right side is the tip of the carbonization furnace 2. At this time, the opening amount per unit area of the heat pipe 21 is increased as it goes from the root toward the tip.

  For example, at the tip, the number of communication passages 24 provided per unit area of the heat pipe 21 is increased. Alternatively, the size of the communication path 24 is increased. As a result, the temperature applied to the biomass fuel 10 increases as the tip of the biomass fuel 10 progresses to gasification. As the temperature increases, the efficiency of carbonization gasification increases. In particular, the generation of clinker can be suppressed by increasing the thermal decomposition efficiency and gasification level.

  In addition, the carbonization gasification level is high, the degree of thermal decomposition is improved, and the generated thermal decomposition gas is less likely to contain impure components such as tar. Pyrolysis gas with few impure components can be used for various purposes.

  As described above, the plurality of heat pipes 21 can efficiently and uniformly apply the combustion heat moving inside the heat pipe 21 and the combustion heat leaking from the communication path 24 to the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 22. . By this provision, the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body portion 22 can be thermally decomposed uniformly.

  It is also preferable that at least a part of the plurality of heat pipes 21 is rotatable independently of the carbonization furnace 2. This is because the heat pipe 21 is rotatable so that the heat of combustion moving through the heat pipe 21 can be more efficiently applied to the biomass fuel 10. In addition, the position of the communication path 24 is changed in accordance with the rotation, and the application to the biomass fuel 10 becomes more efficient.

  As the carbonization furnace 2 rotates, the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body 22 changes its position and orientation inside, so that the carbonization efficiency is also increased in this respect. Similarly, the biomass fuel 10 is agitated inside the main body 22 by rotating the heat pipe 21. Combined with this stirring, the efficiency and level of carbonization gasification of the biomass fuel 10 is improved.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the carbonization furnace in the first embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the inner space 23 of the carbonization furnace 2 may be provided with an outer peripheral heat pipe 21 </ b> A and an internal heat pipe 21 </ b> B. The outer peripheral heat pipe 21 </ b> A is provided along the inner wall of the inner space 23. The internal heat pipe 21 </ b> B is provided along the vicinity of the center of the internal space 23.

  As the carbonization furnace 2 is configured to include the outer peripheral heat pipe 21 </ b> A and the inner heat pipe 21 </ b> B as shown in FIG. 5, the main body 22 that is the remaining part of the internal space 23 has a more complicated shape. The biomass fuel 10 is accommodated in the complex-shaped main body 22. As shown in FIG. 5, the biomass fuel 10 is located at various places such as between the external heat pipe 21 </ b> A and the internal heat pipe 21 </ b> B and between the outer periphery of the internal space 23 and the external heat pipe 21 </ b> A.

  In particular, when the carbonization furnace 2 rotates, the carbonization furnace 2 is agitated while changing the place while being located in these various places. In these various places, heat is received from each of the outer peripheral heat pipe 21A and the inner heat pipe 21B.

  As described above, the heat can be applied from various directions while changing the position of the main body portion 22 at various locations, so that the carbonization is more efficiently and highly efficient. As a result, a pyrolysis gas suitable for use can be obtained while suppressing generation of clinker and impure components such as tar.

  It is also preferable to have a structure in which the carbonization furnace 2 of FIG. 4 is added to the carbonization furnace 2 of FIG. That is, the carbonization furnace 2 has an outer peripheral heat supply path 25 and an inner space 23 provided with an outer peripheral heat pipe 21A and an inner heat pipe 21B. By having such a structure, heat is efficiently given to the biomass fuel 10 accommodated in the main body portion 22, and carbonization gasification with high efficiency can be realized.

(Output section and discharge section)
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the carbonization apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  The carbonization gasification apparatus 1 further includes a gas output unit 27 that outputs pyrolysis gas from the biomass fuel 10 carbonized by the carbonization furnace 2. Moreover, the carbide | carbonized_material discharge part 28 which discharges | emits the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated from the biomass fuel 10 carbonized and gasified is further provided. FIG. 6 shows this configuration.

  The pyrolysis gas is output from the gas output unit 27 and used for various purposes. This is because the pyrolysis gas has an amount of heat and can be suitably used for applications that use this amount of heat. As described above, in the carbonization furnace 2, the biomass fuel 10 is pyrolyzed at a high carbonization level by the function of the heat pipe 21 and the structural relationship between the heat pipe 21 and the main body 22.

  By this carbonization, pyrolysis gas with less impure components such as tar is generated, and the gas output unit 27 outputs this. The gas output unit 27 is connected to a device that uses the pyrolysis gas as necessary, and supplies the pyrolysis gas to this device.

  For example, the pyrolysis gas is used for power generation and at least one of hot water and steam generation.

  The biomass fuel 10 also generates carbides by carbonization gasification. The carbide discharge unit 28 discharges this carbide. The discharged carbide may be discarded as an unnecessary material or may be used for a separate application. For example, as shown by an arrow C in FIG. 6, the carbide may be used as a combustion material in the combustion unit 3.

  The carbide discharge unit 28 is connected to the combustion unit 3 from the carbonization furnace 2, and can supply the carbide generated in the carbonization furnace 2 to the combustion unit 3. The combustion unit 3 generates combustion heat using various combustion materials, and supplies this combustion heat to the carbonization furnace 2. At this time, energy efficiency and cost efficiency can be improved by using carbide as a combustion material.

  As described above, the carbonization and gasification apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 can carbonize biomass fuel with high efficiency and generate pyrolysis gas with less impure components such as tar.

  As the biomass fuel 10, at least one of a wood chip, a bamboo chip, an agricultural biomass waste (a solid fuel is a pyrolysis gas), and an RPF (plastic solid fuel) is used. This is because they are easily available and have a low environmental impact.

  In addition, there is little need to strictly select the biomass fuel 10 and the type and quality of the fuel. As a result, the cost can be reduced.

  (Embodiment 2)

  Next, a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the carbonization furnace 2 and its surroundings in the second embodiment of the present invention. The parts and elements similar to those described with reference to FIGS.

  The carbonization furnace 2 includes a main body 22 and a heat pipe 21. The biomass fuel 10 supplied to the main body 22 is carbonized. Here, it is also preferable that the carbonization furnace 2 further includes a fuel supply unit 5 as shown in FIG.

  The fuel supply unit 5 supplies the biomass fuel 10 to the inside of the main body unit 22. The biomass fuel 10 is a fuel of the kind described above. Since the biomass fuel 10 is continuously supplied from the fuel supply unit 5, the carbonization furnace 2 can continuously generate the pyrolysis gas. As described in the first and second embodiments, since the combustion heat from the combustion unit 3 is supplied to the carbonization furnace 2, the biomass fuel 10 supplied to the main body portion 22 is carbonized gas by the combustion heat. It becomes. At this time, the application of combustion heat by the heat pipe 21 is as described in the first embodiment.

  It is also preferable to include a rotating device 6 and an impeller 7 for stirring and pulverizing the supplied biomass fuel 10. By providing these elements, the biomass fuel 10 is supplied to the main body unit 22 while being stirred and finely supplied from the fuel supply unit 5. As a result, the carbonization efficiency and gasification level of the biomass fuel 10 in the carbonization furnace 2 are increased, and a pyrolysis gas with few impure components can be obtained. In addition, the generation of clinker can be suppressed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, it is also preferable that a tar decomposition region 50 is provided in the vicinity of the outlet of the carbonization furnace 2. The tar decomposition region 50 is a high temperature region of 900 ° C. or higher. By being in the vicinity of the outlet of the carbonization furnace 2, the temperature becomes high, and such a region of 900 ° C. or higher is obtained.

  In addition, in this tar decomposition region 50, swirling stirring is performed. In addition to the high temperature of the swirl stirring, the generation of tar is suppressed. Thus, the tar decomposition region 50 can be formed with the vicinity of the outlet of the carbonization furnace 2 being heated and stirred. In the tar decomposition region 50, the high temperature and stirring facilitate the removal of the tar component from the pyrolysis gas, and the tar component of the generated pyrolysis gas is further reduced.

  In order to generate the tar decomposition region 50, (1) oxygen is supplied to this region, and high-temperature combustion at 900 ° C. or higher is performed. Should be satisfied.

(Electric heat generation system)
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an electric heat generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The electric heat generation system 500 performs electric power generation, hot water / steam generation, and the like using the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 described in the first and second embodiments.

  The carbonization furnace 2 and the combustion unit 3 have the relationship as described in the first embodiment, and have a relationship as shown in FIG. That is, the combustion unit 3 can generate combustion heat and supply this combustion heat to the carbonization furnace 2.

  As described with reference to FIG. 7, the carbonization furnace 2 includes the fuel supply unit 5, and the biomass fuel 10 supplied from the fuel supply unit 5 is carbonized with the combustion heat from the combustion unit 3. Let By this carbonization gasification, pyrolysis gas and carbide are generated.

  The carbonization furnace 2 outputs a pyrolysis gas. The power generator 8 and the hot water generator 9 use this pyrolysis gas. For this reason, the carbonization furnace 2 outputs the pyrolysis gas to the power generator 8 and the hot water generator 9.

  On the other hand, the carbonization furnace 2 supplies the generated carbide to the combustion unit 3. The combustion unit 3 uses the supplied carbide as one of the combustion materials. That is, a supply means for supplying carbide is provided.

  The power generation device 8 generates electric power using the pyrolysis gas. For example, if it is the electric power generating apparatus 8 using a gas engine, the electric power generating apparatus 8 can produce | generate electric power by supplying pyrolysis gas to a gas engine. The gas engine can generate electric power by rotating a reciprocating engine using a pyrolysis gas having a calorific value.

  By supplying the pyrolysis gas from the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 to such a power generation apparatus 8, the power generation apparatus 8 can generate electric power. As described in the first embodiment, since the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 can be simple and downsized, the electrothermal generation system 500 can also be downsized. Moreover, since the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 can be installed according to the place where the electric power generating apparatus 8 is installed, the electrothermal generation system 500 can be realized in various places.

  Similarly, the hot water generator 9 can generate hot water using pyrolysis gas. The generated warm water can be used for various purposes. This is because the pyrolysis gas has an amount of heat, and this amount of heat can turn cold water into hot water. Also in this case, the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 that can be made simple and small can be realized in various places.

  Here, as described in the first embodiment, the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 can supply a pyrolysis gas that does not easily contain impure components such as tar. For this reason, operation | movement of the electric power generating apparatus 8 or the warm water production | generation apparatus 9 becomes more reliable. In addition, the generation capability is increased and maintenance is facilitated.

  In addition, since the carbonization gasification apparatus 1 can also suppress the generation of clinker, the maintenance period can be shortened while extending the operation period. As a result, the operation period of the electrothermal generation system 500 can be extended.

  As described above, the electric heat generation system 500 according to the third embodiment is easy to maintain and can be operated in a long operation period.

  Moreover, the structure which the electric power generating apparatus 8 produces | generates electric power and warm water may be sufficient as FIG. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an electric heat generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Unlike the case of FIG. 8, only the power generation device 8 is provided. The pyrolysis gas output from the carbonization gasifier 1 is output to the power generator 8.

  The power generation device 8 generates electric power and uses cooling water during the generation. This cooling water is heated during the cooling process to become warm water. Hot water generated by warming this cold water is provided as hot water.

  As mentioned above, the combustion apparatus demonstrated by Embodiment 1-2 is an example explaining the meaning of this invention, and includes the deformation | transformation and remodeling in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbonization gasifier 2 Carbonization furnace 21 Heat pipe 22 Main part 23 Internal space 24 Communication path 25 Heat supply path 27 Pyrolysis gas output part 28 Carbide discharge part 3 Combustion unit 5 Fuel supply part 6 Rotating device (fuel supply)
7 Screw blade 8 Power generator 9 Hot water generator 10 Biomass fuel

Claims (13)

A carbonization furnace;
A combustion unit for applying combustion heat to the carbonization furnace from the outside,
The inside of the carbonization furnace is
A plurality of heat pipes for passing the combustion heat;
A main body for containing biomass fuel that is heated by receiving heat from the heat pipe,
Heat from the heat pipes carbonizes the biomass fuel stored in the main body,
Pyrolysis gas and carbide are generated by the carbonization gasification ,
The carbonization furnace has a cylindrical shape having an internal space,
The plurality of heat pipes are cylindrical installed in the internal space,
At least a part of the plurality of heat pipes includes a plurality of communication passages communicating with the internal space,
Wherein the plurality of communicating passages, as going to the tip from the root of the carbonization furnace, you increase the opening amount per unit area, carbonizing gasifier. The plurality of heat pipes are installed with a direction axis along the internal space of the carbonization furnace,
Wherein the plurality of each of the heat pipe, along said axis, passing the combustion heat, carbonizing gasification apparatus according to claim 1. 3. The carbonization gasification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main body is a remaining portion of the plurality of heat pipes in the internal space of the carbonization furnace. Wherein the plurality of heat pipes is the combustion heat leaking from the combustion heat and the communication passage moves within the heat pipe is added to the biomass fuel accommodated in the main body portion, according to any of claims 1 to 3 Carbonization gasifier. Wherein the plurality of heat pipes are provided along the inner wall of the internal space, and the outer heat pipes, having an internal heat pipe that is provided along the vicinity of the center of the inner space, any one of claims 1 to 4 The carbonization gasifier described. The carbonization gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the carbonization furnace is rotatable. The carbonization gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein at least a part of the plurality of heat pipes is rotatable independently of the carbonization furnace. The pyrolysis gas output part which outputs the pyrolysis gas from the said biomass fuel carbonized by the said carbonization furnace, and the carbide | carbonized_material discharge part which discharge | emits a carbide | carbonized_material further, The any one of Claim 1 to 7 further provided. Carbonization gasifier. The carbonization gasification apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the pyrolysis gas is used for at least part of electric power generation and hot water generation. The carbonized gasification apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the carbide discharged from the carbide discharge unit is reused as the combustion material used in the combustion unit. The carbonizing gasifier and the combustion unit has a downward slope with respect to the horizontal plane, carbonizing gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 10. The carbonized gas according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the plurality of communication passages are slit-shaped or through-holes, and the number per unit area increases from the root of the carbonization furnace to the tip. Device. A carbonization gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12 ,
A power generation device that generates power using the pyrolysis gas output from the gas output unit; a hot water generator that generates hot water using the pyrolysis gas;
An electric heat generation system comprising: a supply unit that supplies the carbide discharged from the carbide discharge unit to the main body cylinder.