JP6612127B2 - 合成されたrf/マイクロ波伝送のための電気外科装置 - Google Patents
合成されたrf/マイクロ波伝送のための電気外科装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、高周波エネルギおよびマイクロ波周波数エネルギを用いて生物組織に対する処置を行なう電気外科手術装置に関する。特に、本発明は、組織を切断するために高周波(RF)エネルギを、止血(すなわち破れた血管を血液の凝固を促すことによって封止)するためにマイクロ波周波数エネルギを生成することが可能な外科手術装置に関する。
外科的切除は、人間または動物の体内から器官の一部を除去する1つの手段である。そのような器官には血管が多い場合がある。組織を切断(分割または横に切開)すると、小動脈と呼ばれる小さな血管が破損または破裂する。最初に出血が生じ、続いて、出血点を塞ごうとして血液が塊になる凝固カスケードが生じる。手術中に患者から失われる血液はできる限り少ないことが望ましいため、血を伴わない切断を提供しようとしてさまざまな装置が開発されている。内視鏡手術については、出血が生じること、および可能な限り迅速に、もしくは好都合に対処されないことも望ましくない。なぜなら、操作者の視界が血流で見えにくくなることがあり、手術を終了させることが必要となり、代わりに別の方法、すなわち開腹術を用いることになり得るからである。
本発明は、英国特許第2486343号に開示されている電気外科装置に対する改良を提供する。当該改良は、装置に電力を供給するために用いられる電源エネルギからプローブを分離するために用いられる構成要素に関連する。
以下、本発明の実施例について添付の図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
図2は、本発明の実施形態である電気外科装置のための分離回路200の概略図である。分離回路200は、RF信号生成器218からのRF EM放射およびマイクロ波信号生成器220からのマイクロ波放射をプローブに送るための供給構造の一部を形成する。この実施の形態では、プローブ(図示せず)は筐体226に設けられた出力ポート228に接続可能である。供給構造は、RF EM放射を送るためのRF信号経路212および214を有するRFチャネルと、マイクロ波EM放射を送るためのマイクロ波信号経路210を有するマイクロ波チャネルとを含む。RF EM放射およびマイクロ波放射のための信号経路は、互いに物理的に別々である。RF信号生成器は、電圧変圧器216を介して、RF信号経路212および214に接続される。変圧器216の二次コイル(つまり配置のプローブ側)は浮動しており、したがって、患者とRF信号生成器218との間に直流電流経路はない。これは、RF信号経路212および214の信号導体212および接地導体214が双方とも浮動していることを意味する。
Claims (24)
- 生物組織の切除のための電気外科手術装置であって、前記装置は、
第1の周波数を有する高周波(RF)電磁(EM)放射を生成するための高周波(RF)信号生成器と、
前記第1の周波数よりも高い第2の周波数を有するマイクロ波EM放射を生成するためのマイクロ波信号生成器と、
前記RF EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射を別々にまたは同時に自身の遠位端から伝送するように配置されたプローブと、
前記RF EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射を前記プローブに送るための供給構造とを備え、前記供給構造は、前記プローブを前記RF信号生成器に接続するためのRFチャネルと、前記プローブを前記マイクロ波信号生成器に接続するためのマイクロ波チャネルとを含み、
前記RFチャネルは、前記RF信号生成器からの第1の信号経路を含み、
前記マイクロ波チャネルは、前記マイクロ波信号生成器からの第2の信号経路を含み、
前記第1の信号経路と前記第2の信号経路とは物理的に分離され、
前記供給構造は、前記RFチャネル上の前記第1の信号経路に接続された第1の入力と、前記マイクロ波チャネル上の前記第2の信号経路に接続された第2の入力と、前記RF EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射を単一のチャネルに沿って別々にまたは同時に前記プローブに伝えるための共通信号経路に接続された出力とを有する合成回路を含み、
前記マイクロ波チャネルは、前記マイクロ波チャネル上の前記第2の信号経路を前記RF EM放射から分離するように接続された導波管アイソレータを含み、
前記導波管アイソレータは、前記マイクロ波信号生成器に結合された導電性入力セクションと、導電性出力セクションとを含み、前記導電性出力セクションは、前記入力セクションと噛合い、前記入力および出力セクションによって包囲された体積内に導波管のキャビティを規定し、前記導波管アイソレータはさらに、前記入力および出力セクションの間に配置されたDC分離バリアを含み、
前記共通信号経路上の出力は、信号導体および接地導体を含み、
前記供給構造は、前記共通信号経路上の出力の前記接地導体と、前記導波管アイソレータの導電性入力セクションとの間に容量性構造体を含み、前記容量性構造体は、前記RF EMエネルギの結合および前記マイクロ波EMエネルギの漏れを阻止するように配置され、
前記容量性構造体は、前記DC分離バリアと、前記導波管アイソレータの前記入力セクション上に形成されたマイクロ波チョークとによって設けられる、電気外科手術装置。 - 前記導波管アイソレータの内側セクションおよび外側セクションは円筒状体を規定し、前記マイクロ波チョークは、前記導波管アイソレータの前記内側セクションの前記遠位端から軸方向に延在する環状チャネルを含む、請求項1に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記DC分離バリアは、前記導波管アイソレータの内側セクションと外側セクションとの間に載置された剛性絶縁スペーサ要素を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記DC分離バリアは、前記剛性絶縁スペーサ要素との接合部における前記入力セクションの内面の一部分上に載置された絶縁膜を含む、請求項3に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記絶縁膜は、所定の距離だけ前記剛性絶縁スペーサ要素から離れて延在する、請求項4に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記容量性構造体は、前記導波管アイソレータと直列接続された同軸アイソレータを含む、請求項1に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記同軸アイソレータは500V以上の耐電圧を有する、請求項6に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記同軸アイソレータは、入力同軸コネクタと、前記入力同軸コネクタと対向しかつ離間して配置された出力同軸コネクタとを含み、入出力コネクタの内部導体および入出力コネクタの外部導体は互いから絶縁される、請求項6または請求項7に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記合成回路は、前記導波管アイソレータと一体化される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 共通信号経路に接続された出力は、前記導波管アイソレータの前記出力セクション上に載置された出力プローブを含み、前記出力プローブは、前記導波管アイソレータに延在して前記導波管アイソレータからの前記マイクロ波EMエネルギを結合する結合導体を有し、前記第1の入力は、前記導波管アイソレータ上に載置されたRFコネクタを含み、前記RFコネクタは、前記導波管のキャビティに延在して前記出力プローブの前記結合導体に電気的に接触する信号導体を有する、請求項9に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記RFコネクタの前記信号導体が前記結合導体上に電気接触する位置は調整可能である、請求項10に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記合成回路は、マイクロストリップダイプレクサ回路を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記RFチャネルは、マイクロ波EM放射が前記RFチャネル上の前記第1の信号経路に入るのを阻止するために、前記RFチャネル上の前記第1の信号経路と前記合成回路との間に接続されたローパス、バンドパス、バンドストップ、またはノッチフィルタを含む、請求項12に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記ローパス、バンドパス、バンドストップ、またはノッチフィルタは、前記マイクロストリップダイプレクサ回路と一体化される、請求項13に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記合成回路への前記第1および第2の入力と前記合成回路からの出力とが、前記RF信号生成器およびマイクロ波信号生成器に関して電気的に浮動している、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記RF信号生成器からRFエネルギを受けるために接続された一次コイルと、前記RF信号を前記RFチャネルに伝送するための二次コイルとを有する電圧変圧器を含み、前記電圧変圧器は、5kV以上のピーク電圧を有するRFパルスを出力するように配置される、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記マイクロ波チャネルは、前記マイクロ波信号生成器と前記導波管アイソレータとの間にシャントに接続されるスタブを含み、前記スタブは、前記マイクロ波EM放射の4分の1波長の奇数倍に等しい電気的長さを有する、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記合成回路は筐体内に位置し、前記プローブは、前記筐体に形成された出力ポートに接続可能である、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記合成回路から前記筐体を分離するために前記筐体の前記出力ポートにおいて絶縁スリーブを有する、請求項18に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記RF EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射についてのエネルギ伝送プロファイルを選択するように動作可能なコントローラを含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記RFチャネル上の電流および電圧をサンプリングし、前記サンプリングした電流および電圧から、前記電流および電圧の間の位相差を示すRF検出信号を生成するための、RF信号検出器を含み、前記コントローラは、前記RF信号検出器と通信して前記RF検出信号を受け、前記RF検出信号に基づいて前記RF EM放射についての前記エネルギ伝送プロファイルを選択するように配置される、請求項20に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記マイクロ波チャネル上の順方向パワーおよび反射パワーをサンプリングし、前記サンプリングしたパワーから、前記プローブによって伝送されるマイクロ波パワーの大きさおよび/または位相を示すマイクロ波検出信号を生成するための、マイクロ波信号検出器を含み、前記コントローラは、前記マイクロ波信号検出器と通信して前記マイクロ波検出信号を受け、マイクロ波検出信号に基づいてマイクロ波EM放射についてのエネルギ伝送プロファイルを選択するように配置される、請求項20または21に記載の電気外科手術装置。
- 前記プローブの遠位端は、第2の導体から空間的に分離された第1の導体を含むバイポーラ放出構造を備え、前記第1および第2の導体は、
それぞれ、伝導によって前記RF EM放射を送る能動電極および戻り電極の役割を果たし、かつ
放射によって前記マイクロ波EM放射を送るアンテナまたはインピーダンス変圧器の役割を果たすように配置される、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。 - 前記第1の周波数は10kHz〜300MHzの範囲の安定した固定周波数であり、前記第2の周波数は300MHz〜100GHzの範囲の安定した固定周波数であり、前記第2の周波数は、前記第1の周波数より少なくとも1桁大きい、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載の電気外科手術装置。
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019205841A (ja) * | 2012-09-27 | 2019-12-05 | クレオ・メディカル・リミテッドCreo Medical Limited | 電気外科装置 |
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