JP6610864B2 - Laminated shaped object, organ model and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a layered object, an organ model, and a manufacturing method thereof.

  Conventionally, an organ model made of silicone, urethane elastomer, styrene elastomer or the like has been proposed for practicing procedures such as surgery (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In order to improve the quality of recovery after the patient's statement and to improve the QOL, it is required to improve the skill level of surgeons and auxiliary staff to a certain level or more. For this purpose, it is required to provide an organ model that is more similar to the tactile sensation of human organs and the usability of surgical devices such as ultrasonic scalpels and electric scalpels. However, the currently popular pseudo model is far from the actual tactile sensation and internal structure.

For this reason, it is necessary to practice using an organ closer to the real thing, and surgical training by animal experiments using a minipig called a wet laboratory is performed. However, even in the case of the wet lab, there were parts that were different from human organs in the minipigs. It has also been difficult to provide minipigs with appropriate disease for practice. Furthermore, the environment in which minipigs can grow and maintain freshness is very expensive, and it was practically difficult to hold a wet lab many times for practice.
Therefore, an organ model that faithfully reproduces not only the shape but also the texture such as tactile sensation and sharpness is indispensable in order to improve the surgeon's skill.

On the other hand, if there is an organ model that faithfully reproduces the patient's organ during actual surgery, it is possible to simulate cutting and suturing when planning an operation before surgery. It is possible to improve the success rate of high-grade tumor extraction surgery.
As an organ model for reproducing the texture, a material mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  Moreover, the hydrogel which contains water in the three-dimensional network structure is known (for example, refer patent document 3). Since this gel has relatively good mechanical properties, it can be expected to be applied to soft materials including organ models and layered objects.

A conventional three-dimensional modeling model using polyvinyl is relatively hard as compared with a real organ, and has not been able to faithfully reproduce internal structures (inclusions) such as blood vessels and tumor parts. Moreover, since it shrinks by drying, the storage state was limited so as not to dry.
In addition, a three-dimensional model using hydrogel exhibits high water absorption, but conversely, as a layered model, water desorption (dryability) becomes a problem, and this needs to be solved.

  Furthermore, in the case of an organ model as an application example, the internal structure of blood vessels and diseased parts can be faithfully reproduced, the tactile feel and sharpness of the organ are very close to the desired organ, and incision with a surgical scalpel is possible Therefore, it is desired to provide an organ model for procedure practice imparted with storage stability.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a layered object having storage stability.
In addition, the present invention provides a layered object that can faithfully reproduce the internal structure of blood vessels, diseased parts, and the like, is very close to the desired organ, and has an incision with a surgical knife. For the purpose.

  The layered object of the present invention as a means for solving the above problems is a layered object composed of a hydrogel containing an organic polymer and a mineral, and is one in an environment of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH. A layered object having a mass reduction rate of 20% by mass or less due to evaporation after standing for a week.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a layered object having excellent storage stability.
Furthermore, it is possible to provide a layered object that can faithfully reproduce internal structures such as blood vessels and diseased parts, is very close to the desired organ, and can be cut with a surgical knife.

It is the schematic which shows an example of the organ model (liver) which is a representative example of a layered product. It is the schematic which shows an example of the 3D printer for modeling the laminate-molded article of this invention.

The layered object that is the subject of the present invention has various uses. In particular, a layered product having a stress of 0.01 to 5.0 MPa at 80% compression utilizing the characteristics of hydrogel is a material useful as a soft material and is particularly suitable as an organ model. The layered object of the present invention also has uses such as a shoe insole and a grip for preventing slipping. These take advantage of the characteristics of hydrogel and improve the defects.
In the following description, the present invention will be described with reference to a soft material that is one of its application examples, and more specifically, an example of an organ model.

(Organ model)
The organ model of the present invention includes a hydrogel in which an organic polymer and a mineral, preferably a layered clay mineral, are combined, and more preferably 10 to 90% by mass of a humectant. Further, it contains other components as required.

  The organ model needs to contain an organic polymer and a mineral in order to maintain mechanical strength and make the elasticity equal to that of the organ. By using a polymerizable monomer and a hydrogel precursor solution containing a mineral, Can be produced.

The organ model needs to include a hydrogel in which an organic polymer and a mineral are combined.
In this case, by changing the content ratio between the organic polymer and the mineral, it is possible to faithfully reproduce organ information such as appropriate hardness and viscoelasticity. That is, by including an organic-inorganic composite hydrogel containing water in a three-dimensional network structure formed by combining an organic polymer and a mineral, the mechanical strength is maintained and the elasticity is maintained between the organ and the water. Can be equivalent. Moreover, the said organic-inorganic composite hydrogel has the said structure, and an extensibility improves. Furthermore, a tactile sensation equivalent to that of an organ is obtained, and the sharpness of a surgical knife or the like is very close to that of a desired organ.

  Moreover, since the organ model is characterized by containing water in the hydrogel, there are some problems in storage stability. For example, there is a problem that organ information, that is, shape, appropriate hardness, and viscoelasticity cannot be faithfully reproduced by drying and shrinking, and the wet feel of the surface is lost.

[Hydrogel precursor liquid]
The hydrogel precursor liquid preferably contains, for example, a polymerizable monomer and a layered clay mineral dispersible in water, preferably 10 to 90% by mass of water and a humectant, and further contains other components as necessary. Containing.

<Organic polymer>
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said organic polymer, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, Since hydrogel contains water, a water-soluble organic polymer is preferable.
Examples of the water-soluble organic polymer include organic polymers having an amide group, amino group, hydroxyl group, tetramethylammonium group, silanol group, epoxy group, and the like. The water-soluble organic polymer is an advantageous component for maintaining the strength of the aqueous gel.
The organic polymer may be a homopolymer (homopolymer), a heteropolymer (copolymer), may be modified, or a known functional group is introduced. It may be in the form of a salt.

In the present invention, the water solubility of the water-soluble organic polymer means that, for example, when 1 g of the water-soluble organic polymer is mixed and stirred in 100 g of water at 30 ° C., 90% by mass or more thereof dissolves.
Examples of the polymerizable monomer obtained by polymerizing the water-soluble organic polymer include, for example, acrylamide, N-substituted acrylamide derivatives, N, N-disubstituted acrylamide derivatives, N-substituted methacrylamide derivatives, N, N- And di-substituted methacrylamide derivatives. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
Specific examples of the polymerizable monomer include acrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, and N-isopropylacrylamide.
The content of the polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 0.5% by mass to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the hydrogel precursor liquid.

<Mineral>
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said mineral, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, It is preferable to use a layered clay mineral. Moreover, since hydrogel contains water, a water-swellable clay mineral that can be uniformly dispersed in water at the level of primary crystals is preferable.
Examples of the water-swellable clay mineral include water-swellable smectite and water-swellable mica. More specifically, water-swellable hectorite containing sodium as an interlayer ion, water-swellable montmorillonite, water-swellable saponite, water-swellable synthetic mica and the like can be mentioned.
As the water-swellable layered clay mineral, those exemplified above may be used singly or in combination of two or more, or may be appropriately synthesized, Commercial products may be used.

Examples of the commercially available products include synthetic hectorite (Laponite XLG, manufactured by Rockwood), SWN (manufactured by Coop Chemical Ltd.), and fluorinated hectorite SWF (manufactured by Coop Chemical Ltd.).
The content of the water-swellable layered clay mineral is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 1% by mass to 40% by mass with respect to the total amount of the hydrogel precursor liquid.

<Water>
As said water, pure water, such as ion-exchange water, ultrafiltration water, reverse osmosis water, distilled water, or ultrapure water can be used, for example.
In the water, other components such as an organic solvent may be dissolved or dispersed depending on purposes such as imparting antibacterial properties, imparting electrical conductivity, and adjusting hardness.

<Humectant>
Examples of the humectant include alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol; dimethylformamide Amides such as dimethylacetamide; Ketones or ketone alcohols such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diacetone alcohol; Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane; Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butane Diol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, thioglycol, hexylene glycol Polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin; Polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; Polyhydric glycols such as ethylene glycol monomethyl (or ethyl) ether, diethylene glycol methyl (or ethyl) ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl (or ethyl) ether Examples include lower alcohol ethers of alcohols; alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together. Among these, from the viewpoint of moisture retention, polyhydric alcohols are preferable, and glycerin is more preferable.
The addition amount of the humectant is suitably in the range of 10 to 50% by mass with respect to the hydrogel precursor liquid. This is because if it is 10% by mass or less, the effect of preventing drying is low, and if it is 50% by mass or more, the layered clay mineral may not be uniformly dispersed.

  Examples of the means for imparting the moisturizing function include a method of adding a moisturizing agent to the hydrogel precursor liquid. Details will be described later.

<Other ingredients>
The hydrogel precursor liquid may contain other components such as a preservative, a colorant, a fragrance, and an antioxidant as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
Examples of the preservative include dehydroacetate, sorbate, benzoate, sodium pentachlorophenol, sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, 2,4-dimethyl-6-acetoxy-m-dioxane, 1,2-benzthiazolin-3-one and the like.
By using the colorant, the organ model can be colored in a color approximate to a human organ.

In the organ model, it is preferable that an inclusion (internal structure) having a different color or hardness is arranged at a target position. Thereby, it can use also as a model which confirms the position which inserts the scalpel for surgery before an operation.
Examples of the inclusion include mimics of blood vessels, tubes, diseased parts, etc .; cavities, folds, and the like.
The hardness can be adjusted, for example, by changing the content of the water-swellable layered clay mineral contained in the hydrogel precursor liquid.
The color can be adjusted, for example, by adding a colorant to the hydrogel precursor liquid.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said coloring agent, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, dye and a pigment are mentioned.

Examples of the dye include those described below.
Examples of the black dye include MS BLACK VPC (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), AIZEN SOT BLACK-1, AIZEN SOT BLACK-5 (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), RESRIN BLACK GSN 200%, and RESOLIN BLACK BS (Bayer Japan). KAYASET BLACK A-N (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), DAIWA BLACK MSC (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), HSB-202 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.), NEPTUNE BLACK X60, NEOPEN BLACK X58 (BASF Japan) Oleosol Fast BLACK RL (manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chuo BLACK80, Chuo BLACK80-15 (manufactured by Chuo Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the like.

  Examples of the magenta dye include MS Magenta VP, MS Magenta HM-1450, MS Magenta Hso-147 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), AIZENSOT Red-1, AIZEN SOT Red-2, AIZEN SOT Red-3, and AIZEN SOT Pink. -1, SPIRON Red GEHSPECIAL (Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), RESOLIN Red FB 200%, MACROLEX Red Violet R, MACROLEX ROT 5B (manufactured by Bayer Japan), KAYASET RedB, KAYASET Red 130, KAYAS2 Co., Ltd.), PHLOXIN, ROSE BENGAL, ACID Red (Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), SR-31, DIARESIN RedK (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.), Oil Red (manufactured by BASF Japan Co., Ltd.), Oil Pink330 (made by the central Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the like.

  Examples of cyan dyes include MS Cyan HM-1238, MS Cyan HSo-16, Cyan Hso-144, MS Cyan VPG (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), AIZEN SOT Blue-4 (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), and RESOLIN. BR. Blue BGLN 200%, MACROLEX Blue RR, CERES BlueGN, SIRIUS SUPRATURQ. Blue Z-BGL, SIRIUS SUTRA TURQ. Blue FB-LL 330% (manufactured by Bayer Japan), KAYASET Blue Fr, KAYASET Blue N, KAYASET Blue 814, Turq. Blue GL-5 200, LightBlue BGL-5 200 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), DAIWA Blue 7000, Olesol Fast Blue GL (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), DIARESINBlue P (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.), SUDAN Blue 6 NEOPEN Blue 808, ZAPON Blue 806 (manufactured by BASF Japan) and the like can be mentioned.

  Examples of the yellow dye include MS Yellow HSm-41, Yellow KX-7, Yellow EX-27 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), AIZENSOT Yellow-1, AIZEN SOT YellowW-3, and AIZEN SOT Yellow-6 (Hodogaya Chemical). Manufactured by Co., Ltd.), MACROLEX Yellow 6G, MACROLEX FLUOR, Yellow 10GN (manufactured by Bayer Japan), KAYASET Yellow SF-G, KAYASET Yellow 2G, KAYASET Yellow A-G, KAYASET Y. DAIWA Yellow 330HB (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), HSY-68 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.), SUDAN Yellow 146, NEOPEN Yellow 075 (manufactured by BASF Japan), Oil Yellow 129 (manufactured by Chuo Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like.

  As the pigment, various organic and inorganic pigments can be used, for example, azo pigments such as azo lakes, insoluble azo pigments, condensed azo pigments and chelate azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, anthosequinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, dioxazines. Examples thereof include polycyclic pigments such as pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, and quinophthalone pigments. Specifically, as the pigment, organic or inorganic pigments having the following numbers described in the color index can be used.

  Examples of the red or magenta pigment include Pigment Red 3, 5, 19, 22, 31, 38, 43, 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 48: 5, 49: 1, and 53. : 1, 57: 1, 57: 2, 58: 4, 63: 1, 81, 81: 1, 81: 2, 81: 3, 81: 4, 88, 104, 108, 112, 122, 123, 144 146, 149, 166, 168, 169, 170, 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 208, 216, 226, 257, Pigment Violet 3, 19, 23, 29, 30, 37, 50, 88, Pigment Orange 13, 16, 20, 36 etc. are mentioned.

Examples of the blue or cyan pigment include pigment blue 1, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6, 16, 17-1, 22, 27, 28, 29, 36. , 60 and the like.
Examples of the green pigment include Pigment Green 7, 26, 36, and 50.
Examples of the yellow pigment include Pigment Yellow 1, 3, 12, 13, 14, 17, 34, 35, 37, 55, 74, 81, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 108, 109, 110, and 137. 138, 139, 153, 154, 155, 157, 166, 167, 168, 180, 185, 193 and the like.
Examples of the black pigment include Pigment Black 7, 28, 26, and the like.

Commercially available products can be used as the pigment. Examples of the commercially available products include chromofine yellow 2080, 5900, 5930, AF-1300, 2700L, chromofine orange 3700L, 6730, chromofine scarlet 6750, chromofine. Magenta 6880, 6886, 6891N, 6790, 6887, Chromofine Violet RE, Chromofine Red 6820, 6830, Chromofine Blue HS-3, 5187, 5108, 5197, 5085N, SR-5020, 5026, 5050, 4920, 4927, 4937, 4824, 4933GN-EP, 4940, 4973, 5205, 5208, 5214, 5221, 5000P, Chromofine Green 2GN, 2GO, 2G-550 D, 5310, 5370, 6830, Chromo Fine Black A-1103, Seika Fast Yellow 10GH, A-3, 2035, 2054, 2200, 2270, 2300, 2400 (B), 2500, 2600, ZAY-260, 2700 (B ), 2770, Seika Fast Red 8040, C405 (F), CA120, LR-116, 1531B, 8060R, 1547, ZAW-262, 1537B, GY, 4R-4016, 3820, 3891, ZA-215, Seika Fast Carmine 6B1476T -7, 1483LT, 3840, 3870, Seika Fast Bordeaux 10B-430, Seika Light Rose R40, Seika Light Violet B800, 7805, Seika Fast Maroon 460N, Seika Fast Orange 9 0, 2900, Seikalite Blue C718, A612, Cyanine Blue 4933M, 4933GN-EP, 4940, 4973 (above, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.); KET Yellow 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 416, 424, KET Orange 501, KET Red 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 336, 337, 338, 346, KET Blue 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 111, 118, 124, KET Green 201 (above, manufactured by DIC Corporation); Colortex Yellow 301, 314, 315, 316, P-624, 314, U10GN, U3GN, UNN, UA-414, U263, Fi eco Yellow T-13, T-05, Pigment Yellow 1705, Colortex Orange 202, Colortex Red 101, 103, 115, 116, D3B, P-625, 102, H-1024, 105C, UFN, UCN, UBN, U3BN, URN, UGN, UG276, U456, U457, 105C, USN, Colortex Maroon 601, Colortex Brown B610N, Colortex violet 600, Pigment Red 122, Colortex Blue 516, 517, 518, G8, 519, A8, P8 U905 (manufactured by Sanyo Dye Co., Ltd.); Lionol Yellow 1405G, Lionol Blue FG7330, FG7350, FG7400G, FG7405G, ES, ESP-S (manufactured by Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd.); Toner Magenta E02, Permanent RubinF6B, Toner Yellow HG, P02 Carbon black # 2600, # 2400, # 2350, # 2200, # 1000, # 990, # 980, # 970, # 960, # 950, # 850, MCF88, # 750, # 650, MA600, MA7, MA8, MA11, MA100, MA100R, MA77, # 52, # 50, # 47, # 45, # 45L, 40, # 33, # 32, # 30, # 25, # 20, # 10, # 5, # 44, CF9 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.).
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the addition amount of the said coloring agent, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, 0.1 mass%-5 mass% are preferable with respect to the hydrogel precursor liquid whole quantity.

<Method for producing organ model>
The organ model manufacturing method of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. In general, an organ model needs to reproduce a complicated shape based on original 3D data. Further, since it is necessary to mix a plurality of parts having different properties, the following production method is preferable.
For example, a mold is manufactured by an appropriate processing method, and a hydrogel precursor liquid is injected into the mold and cured. In addition, inclusions such as blood vessels can be separately molded and placed at predetermined positions on the mold.

As the inclusion such as the mold and the blood vessel, it is preferable to manufacture a metal or a resin by cutting, optical modeling, or a three-dimensional printer based on 3D data.
Moreover, it is also possible to employ a method of laminating a hydrogel precursor liquid and, if necessary, a support liquid based on 3D data using a modeling apparatus called a three-dimensional printer.
More specifically, it is preferable from the point of forming the shape with high accuracy that the gel precursor liquid is discharged and formed by a material jet modeling apparatus using an ink jet method.
The support liquid is a liquid that is used to simultaneously produce a support in order to support the production structure and realize stable modeling when producing a layered object with a three-dimensional printer. The support is removed after the layered object is completed. Specific materials include polyester, polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, PPS, polypropylene, PVA, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, cellophane, acetate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, nylon, polyimide, fluororesin, paraffin wax, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, etc. can give.

A method for obtaining a layered object having a plurality of regions having different compressive stress will be described below.
By using a plurality of precursor liquids having different compositions as the hydrogel precursor, and controlling the position and amount of the plurality of precursor liquids applied as the first step, the compression stress or elastic modulus after curing is increased. A film having a plurality of different regions is formed. By repeating this film forming operation, a layered object having a plurality of regions having different compressive stresses can be obtained.

  Specifically, for example, two types of precursor liquid A and precursor liquid B having different compositions are prepared as hydrogel precursor liquids. On the other hand, for example, MR Elastography (hereinafter referred to as MRE) is used to obtain compression stress distribution data having a three-dimensional shape, and this data is input to the additive manufacturing apparatus. Based on the input compressive stress data, the mixing ratio of liquid A and liquid B to be discharged to a position corresponding to the data of the three-dimensional shape is determined, and liquid A and liquid B are discharged to a predetermined area at a predetermined amount ratio, By forming dots, forming this film by repeating this operation, and repeating this film forming operation, it is possible to obtain a layered object having a plurality of regions having different compressive stresses.

The layered object of the present invention is provided with storage stability by containing a moisturizing agent.
As a method of adding a moisturizer to the layered object, there are the following methods (1) and (2).
(1) Method for obtaining a layered object using a hydrogel precursor liquid containing a moisturizer (2) After obtaining a layered object using a hydrogel precursor liquid not containing a moisturizer, the layered object obtained The method of post-processing with the liquid containing a moisturizing agent When the method (1) above is adopted, the moisturizing agent is included throughout the layered object.
If the method of said (2) is employ | adopted, a moisturizer will be contained in the surface vicinity of a layered product.

The method (1) is a simple method with a small number of steps in that a layered product containing the moisturizing agent can be obtained by curing the hydrogel precursor liquid containing the moisturizing agent. However, in the case of this method, if the humectant is added to the hydrogel precursor liquid in an amount of more than 50% by mass, the layered clay mineral is not uniformly dispersed, and depending on the type of humectant, the curability of the hydrogel may be inhibited. There is. For this reason, it is preferable that the mixture ratio of the humectant to the hydrogel precursor liquid is 10 to 50% by mass.
Examples of the method (2) include a method in which a hydrogel precursor liquid that does not contain a moisturizing agent is used to form a model or a three-dimensional printer, and then a model is processed with a liquid containing the moisturizing agent. More specifically, it is a method of immersing the layered object in a liquid containing a humectant (a solvent or other additives may be added if necessary). By such treatment, the moisturizing agent can be impregnated in the bulk direction from the surface of the layered object. The concentration of the humectant, the immersion time, and the like may be appropriately adjusted depending on the state of the hydrogel.
In this method, since the layered object is post-treated with a liquid containing a humectant after the hydrogel is cured, the curability of the hydrogel is not inhibited.

By adopting the method of (2) above, it is possible to produce a layered object having a high concentration of the moisturizer near the surface of the layered object and a low concentration of the moisturizer inside the object. And a layered product in which the conductivity is not impaired can be obtained.
In addition, in the method (2), after the layered object is dried using a hydrogel precursor liquid that does not contain a moisturizing agent, water contained in the layered object is vaporized, and then a liquid containing a moisturizing agent. By adopting a method of immersing in water and replacing the water in the layered object with a humectant, more moisturizer can be contained in the vicinity of the surface of the layered object.
Furthermore, by repeating the treatment operation of vaporizing the water in the layered object and replacing it with the moisturizer, the moisturizer is infiltrated not only into the surface of the layered object but also into the interior, and the moisture content is 90 mass. %.
In the case of the method (2), the content of the humectant is preferably in the range of 10 to 90% by mass. This is because if it is less than 10% by mass, the effect of preventing drying is low, and conversely if it exceeds 90% by mass, the conductivity characteristic of the hydrogel is lowered.

  The organ model of the present invention is not particularly limited and can reproduce any internal organ site in the human body, for example, brain, heart, esophagus, stomach, bladder, small intestine, large intestine, liver, kidney, pancreas, Examples include spleen and uterus.

  In addition, the organ model of the present invention can faithfully reproduce the internal structure of blood vessels, diseased parts, etc., and the tactile sensation and sharpness of the organ are very close to the desired organ, and further, an incision with a scalpel can be performed. For example, in a doctor, a medical school of a university, a hospital, etc., a surgical scalpel for inspecting the sharpness of an organ model for surgical practice, such as a doctor, a resident, or a medical student, before the manufactured surgical scalpel is shipped. It is suitable as an organ model for sharpness inspection, an organ model for confirming the sharpness of a scalpel before performing surgery, and the like.

Here, description will be made using a liver model as an organ model for procedure practice shown in FIG.
The liver is the largest human organ below the ribs on the right side of the upper abdomen, and weighs 1.2 kg to 1.5 kg in adults. Important functions such as "metabolism" that makes the body available to the nutrients taken from food, "metabolism" that stores and supplies, "detoxification" that detoxifies harmful substances, and secretion of bile that helps break down and absorb fats, etc. doing.

As shown in FIG. 1, the liver 40 is fixed to the anterior abdominal wall by a hepatic sickle 43 and the left lobe 45 and the right lobe 44 are separated by a main dividing plane (country line) connecting the gallbladder 41 and the inferior vena cava 42. It is divided into.
Surgery to remove a part of the liver is hepatectomy. Most of the diseases for which hepatectomy is indicated are liver cancer (primary liver cancer), and other cases include metastatic liver cancer, benign tumor, and liver trauma.

There are various types of hepatectomy such as partial excision, subsegmental excision, segmental excision, lobe excision, enlarged lobe excision, and three-segment excision depending on the cutting method. These parts are not marked on the liver, and during surgery, the portal veins and hepatic arteries that nourish the parts are tied, and pigments are injected into the blood vessels to identify the boundaries by color change. Yes. Then, the liver is excised using various machines such as an electric scalpel, harmonic scalpel (ultrasonic vibration surgical instrument), CUSA (ultrasonic surgical suction device), and microtase (microwave surgical instrument).
For the surgical simulation at that time, it is possible to faithfully reproduce the inclusions such as blood vessels and diseased parts, the tactile sensation and sharpness of the organ is very close to the desired organ, and the incision with a surgical knife can be performed. An organ model can be suitably used.

<Modeling equipment>
The liver model as the organ model shown in FIG. 1 can be modeled using the modeling apparatus 10 shown in FIG. The modeling apparatus 10 uses a head unit in which inkjet heads are arranged to eject a soft molding material from the molding forming liquid ejecting head unit 11 and a hard molding material from the support forming liquid ejecting head units 12 and 13. Then, the materials for the soft molded body are laminated while being cured by the adjacent ultraviolet irradiators 14 and 15.

  That is, a material for a hard molded body is ejected from an ink jet head (support body forming liquid ejecting head units 12 and 13) and solidified to form a first support layer having a reservoir, and the first support layer A liquid flexible molded body material made of an active energy ray-curable compound is sprayed from the inkjet head (the molded article forming liquid jet head unit 11) to the reservoir, and the soft molded body material is irradiated with active energy rays and cured. And smoothing is performed using the smoothing members 20 and 21 to form the first modeled object layer.

  Next, a second support layer having a reservoir is laminated by spraying and solidifying the molten material for a hard molded body on the first support layer, and the reservoir of the second support layer is stacked on the second support layer. A liquid material for a soft molded body made of an active energy ray-curable compound is injected, and the material for the soft molded body is irradiated with active energy rays, and a second modeled object layer is laminated on the first modeled object layer. Then, further smoothing is performed to produce a three-dimensional layered object 19 to obtain a three-dimensional layered structure.

When the multi-head unit moves in the direction of arrow A, the support layer 18, the model layer is basically formed using the support-forming liquid ejecting head unit 13, the model-forming liquid ejecting head unit 11, and the ultraviolet irradiator 14. 19 is formed on the molded article support substrate 16. At the same time, the support layer 18 and the modeled object layer 19 are smoothed by the roller-shaped smoothing member 20. The support forming liquid ejecting head unit 12 and the ultraviolet irradiator 15 may be used supplementarily.
When using a roller-shaped smooth member, the effect of smoothing is more effectively exhibited when the roller is rotated in the direction of reversing the operation direction.

Further, when the multi-head unit moves in the direction of arrow B, the support layer 18, the modeling is basically performed using the support forming liquid ejecting head unit 14, the shaped article forming liquid ejecting head unit 11, and the ultraviolet irradiator 15. The physical layer 19 is formed on the molded product layer support substrate 16. At the same time, the support layer 18 and the modeled object layer 19 are smoothed by the roller-shaped smoothing member 21. The support forming liquid ejecting head unit 13 and the ultraviolet irradiator 14 may be used supplementarily.
Furthermore, in order to keep the gap between the ink jet head units 11, 12, 13 and the ultraviolet irradiators 14, 15, the shaped article layer 19, and the support layer 18, lamination is performed while lowering the stage 17 according to the number of laminations. To do.

<Discharge stabilization means>
When an inkjet head is used, nozzle drying at the time of non-ejection becomes a big issue for stable operation. For this reason, when the ink jet head is not continuously ejected for a long period of time, (1) by covering (capping) the ejection port with a member that covers at least the head end, preventing the ejection port from being dried; and (2) The internal liquid in the vicinity of the discharge port is increased in viscosity by drying or the film formed by drying is discharged by suction, or (3) the stable discharge state is prolonged by wiping the discharge port or the discharge port and its surroundings. Time is kept. This is extremely important in the process of forming a layered object that requires a long time (24 hours or more), particularly when a liquid containing a low-boiling solvent such as water is used when forming a soft material. is there.

<Capping process and discharge failure recovery flow>
In the capping step, when a suction instruction is given after the discharge operation is completed, the head moves to the cap portion and contacts the cap. After the cap contact is completed, the pump starts a suction operation and discharges liquid from all the discharge ports including the defective discharge portion. After completion of the suction operation, the head moves along the wiping member to complete the wiping process.
In the case of the ejection failure recovery flow, the head is then moved to the ejection position in order to resume the ejection operation. Further, when the ejection is finished and the modeling is finished, the cap movement process is completed again by moving to the cap contact position.

<Discharge failure recovery timing>
In particular, when manufacturing a large layered object, it is necessary to perform continuous discharge for a long period of time, and it is preferable that the discharge failure recovery flow is periodically performed.
Although the timing of ejection failure can be determined as appropriate, it is preferably performed periodically for each continuous operation within 2 hours from the viewpoint of recoverability of ejection failure.

Examples of the present invention will be described below.
Although the example shows the example of the organ model as a representative example of the layered object, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
In the following description, unless otherwise specified, parts indicate parts by mass, and% indicates mass%.
Hereinafter, ion-exchanged water that has been degassed for 10 minutes is referred to as “pure water”.

(Example I-1)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
First, as an initiator solution, an aqueous solution in which 2 parts of sodium peroxodisulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in 98 parts of pure water was prepared.
Synthetic hectorite (Laponite XLG, having a composition of [Mg _5.34 Li _0.66 Si ₈ O ₂₀ (OH) ₄ ] Na ⁻ _0.66 as a water-swellable layered clay mineral while stirring 100 parts of pure water. 8 parts) (manufactured by Rockwood) was added little by little and stirred to prepare a dispersion.
Next, 30 parts of N, N-dimethylacrylamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), which was passed through an activated alumina column and removed the polymerization inhibitor, was added as a polymerizable monomer to the dispersion.
Next, 0.3 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as a surfactant and mixed.
Next, 60 parts of glycerin as a humectant was added and mixed.
Next, 0.1 part of tetramethylethylenediamine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added while cooling the obtained mixed solution in an ice bath.
Next, 5 parts by mass of the initiator solution was added and stirred and mixed, and then vacuum degassing was performed for 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold shown below, left to stand in an environment of 25 ° C. for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain a liver model I-1.

<< Mold making >>
Using a Keyence Agilista as an inkjet stereolithography device, a mold was manufactured by applying the three-dimensional liver model data.

<Production of blood vessel inclusion model 1>
Using the hydrogel precursor liquid, a blood vessel was formed using an inkjet optical modeling apparatus, and coloring was performed so that the blood vessel could be identified. After fixing this blood vessel in a part of the mold, the hydrogel precursor liquid was poured, and the blood vessel was left in the form of being included in an organ model when the gel molding was finally taken out from the mold. As described above, a liver model including blood vessels was prepared.
The obtained liver model has a visibility that can be used as a model to check the position to insert the scalpel before surgery because the position of the blood vessel is accurately reproduced in the transparent real organ Evaluation results were obtained from all five surgeons.

<Production of blood vessel inclusion model 2>
A dedicated blood vessel mold was produced in the same manner as described in “Making of mold”.
In the production of the hydrogel precursor liquid, 2 parts by mass of MS Magenta VP (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) is further added as a colorant, and the synthetic hectorite (Laponite XLG, manufactured by RockWood) is changed from 8 parts by mass to 18 parts by mass. Except for the change, a hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as described above, and this was poured into the blood vessel dedicated mold to form a harder hydrogel, thereby forming a colored blood vessel model.
After fixing the obtained blood vessel model to a part of the mold of the organ model, the hydrogel precursor solution prepared above was poured, and the liver model after gelation was taken out.
The obtained liver model was obtained from all five surgeons with the evaluation result that blood vessels can be further sutured.

(Example I-2)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as Example I-1.
<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was ejected by an inkjet optical modeling apparatus by applying the three-dimensional model data of the liver. The liver model I-2 was obtained by hardening after discharge.

(Example I-3)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
In Example I-1, a homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example I-1, except that the blending amount of glycerin was 120 parts.
In addition, when glycerin was mixed, the dispersibility of the water-swellable layered clay mineral deteriorated, the viscosity increased, and the fluidity decreased. Although it can be handled, it has a viscosity that cannot be ejected by inkjet.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold similar to that used in Example I-1, allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain a liver model I-3.

(Example I-4)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example I-1, except that the amount of glycerin was 25 parts in Example I-1.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold similar to that used in Example I-1, allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain liver model I-4.

(Example I-5)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example I-1, except that 60 parts of ethyl alcohol was used in place of glycerin as a humectant in Example I-1.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold similar to that used in Example I-1, allowed to stand in a 25 ° C. environment for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain a liver model I-5.

(Example I-6)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
Next, a homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example I-1, except that 60 parts of ethylene glycol was blended in place of glycerin as a humectant in Example I-1.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold similar to that used in Example I-1, allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain a liver model I-6.

(Comparative Example I-1)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
First, an aqueous solution in which 2 parts of sodium peroxodisulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in 98 parts of pure water was prepared as a polymerization initiator solution.
Next, while stirring 195 parts of pure water, a synthetic hectorite having a composition of [Mg _5.34 Li _0.66 Si ₈ O ₂₀ (OH) ₄ ] Na ⁻ _0.66 as a water-swellable layered clay mineral ( 8 parts of Laponite XLG (manufactured by Rockwood) was added little by little and stirred to prepare a dispersion.
Next, 20 parts of N, N-dimethylacrylamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), which was passed through an activated alumina column and removed the polymerization inhibitor, was added as a polymerizable monomer to the dispersion.
Next, 0.2 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as a surfactant and mixed.
Next, 15 parts of glycerin was added as a humectant and mixed.
Next, 0.1 part of tetramethylethylenediamine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added while cooling the obtained mixed solution in an ice bath.
Next, after 5 parts of the initiator solution was added and mixed with stirring, vacuum degassing was performed for 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold similar to that used in Example I-1, allowed to stand in a 25 ° C. environment for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain a liver model I- that is a target gel model. 7 was obtained.

(Comparative Example I-2)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was ejected by an inkjet optical modeling apparatus by applying the three-dimensional model data of the liver. The liver model I-8 which is the target gel modeling thing was obtained by making it harden | cure after discharge.

(Comparative Example I-3)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
First, as an initiator solution, an aqueous solution in which 2 parts of sodium peroxodisulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in 98 parts of pure water was prepared.
In Comparative Example 1, the amount of pure water in the dispersion was 100 parts, the amount of N, N-dimethylacrylamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was 30 parts, and the amount of glycerin was 150 parts. Except for this, a homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
However, when glycerin was mixed, the viscosity increased and the fluidity disappeared. This is considered that the dispersibility of the water-swellable layered clay mineral was deteriorated. Therefore, it was not possible to mold the gel model.

(Comparative Example I-4)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
In Comparative Example I-1, a homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as Comparative Example I-1, except that glycerin as a humectant was not blended.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold similar to that used in Example I-1, allowed to stand in a 25 ° C. environment for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain a liver model I- that is a target gel model. 9 was obtained.

  Table 1 shows the blending ratio of each component constituting the hydrogel precursor liquid in Example I-1 to Example I-6 and Comparative Example I-1 to Comparative Example I-4. In the table, “←” means “same as left column”.

[Evaluation]
<Drying evaluation>
Liver model I-1 to liver model I-9 produced in Example I-1 to Example I-6, Comparative Example I-1, Comparative Example I-2, and Comparative Example I-4 were heated to 25 ° C. and humidity 50 The mass reduction rate due to evaporation after being allowed to stand in a% RH environment for one week was evaluated.
<Evaluation of organ reproducibility>
About the liver model produced in Example I-1 to Example I-6, Comparative Example I-1, Comparative Example I-2, and Comparative Example I-4 A hearing was conducted on the sharpness.

(About dryness evaluation results)
Liver model I-1 to liver model I-6 of Example I-1 to Example I-6 contain 15 to 46% of a humectant.
These liver models have a mass reduction rate of 5.2 to 12.6% due to evaporation after being left in an environment of 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH for one week. It was confirmed that there was no change.
Liver model I-7 and liver model I-8 of Comparative Example I-1 and Comparative Example I-2 contain 6% moisturizer.
Liver model I-7 and liver model I-8 were left at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH for one week, and the rate of mass loss due to evaporation was 21.2% and 24.6%. As a result of drying, the wet sensation of the organ model was slightly lost and shrinkage due to drying occurred.
Moreover, the liver model I-9 of Comparative Example I-4 does not contain a humectant.
In this liver model I-9, the amount of mass loss due to evaporation after standing for 1 week in an environment of temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH is 48.7%, and the wet feeling is lost by drying in the general environment. Shrinkage due to drying occurred.

(Regarding evaluation results of organ reproducibility)
Liver model I-1 to liver model I-9 were subjected to interviews with five skilled surgeons, and as a result, liver model I-1 to liver model I- of Example I-1 to Example I-6 In all cases, evaluation results were obtained from all five surgeons that both the resilience and the sharpness of the scalpel were reproduced.

(Example II-1)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
Hereinafter, ion-exchanged water subjected to vacuum degassing for 10 minutes is referred to as pure water.
First, as an initiator solution, an aqueous solution in which 2 parts by mass of sodium peroxodisulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in 98 parts by mass of pure water was prepared.
Next, a synthetic hectorite having a composition of [Mg _5.34 Li _0.66 Si ₈ O ₂₀ (OH) ₄ ] Na ⁻ _0.66 as a water-swellable layered clay mineral while stirring 195 parts by mass of pure water. (Laponite XLG, manufactured by Rockwood) 8 parts by mass were added little by little and stirred to prepare a dispersion.
Next, 20 parts by mass of N, N-dimethylacrylamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), which was passed through an activated alumina column and removed the polymerization inhibitor, was added as a polymerizable monomer to the dispersion.
Next, 0.2 parts by mass of sodium dodecyl sulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as a surfactant and mixed.
Next, 0.1 parts by mass of tetramethylethylenediamine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added while cooling the obtained mixed solution in an ice bath.
Next, 5 parts by mass of the initiator solution was added and stirred and mixed, and then vacuum degassing was performed for 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous hydrogel precursor solution.

<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into a mold shown below, allowed to stand in an environment of 25 ° C. for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain a liver model as a target gel model.

<< Mold making >>
Using a Keyence Agilista as an inkjet stereolithography device, a mold was manufactured by applying the three-dimensional liver model data.

<Moisturizing agent impregnation treatment for gel model>
The obtained liver model was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of glycerin as a moisturizing agent at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. The liver model II-1 which is the target gel modeling thing was obtained from the aqueous solution.

(Example II-2)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as Example II-1.
<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was ejected by an inkjet optical modeling apparatus by applying the three-dimensional model data of the liver. A liver model was obtained by curing after discharge.

<Moisturizing agent impregnation treatment for gel model>
The obtained organ model was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of glycerin as a moisturizing agent at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. The liver model II-2 which is the target gel modeling thing was obtained from the aqueous solution.

(Example II-3)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example I-2.

<Molding of gel model>
A liver model was prepared using the hydrogel precursor solution in the same manner as in Comparative Example I-2.

<Moisturizing agent impregnation treatment for gel model>
The obtained liver model was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of glycerin as a moisturizing agent at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. The liver model II-3 which is the target gel modeling thing was obtained from the aqueous solution.

(Example II-4)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as Example II-1.
<Molding of gel model>
A liver model was obtained in the same manner as in Example II-1 using the obtained hydrogel precursor solution.

<Immersion in moisturizing agent after drying gel model>
When the liver model II-4 was allowed to stand for 7 days in an environment with an air temperature of 50 ° C. and a humidity of 20% RH, the weight loss due to evaporation was 78%.
Thereafter, the obtained organ model was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of glycerin as a moisturizing agent at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, it was left to stand for 3 days in an environment with an air temperature of 50 ° C. and a humidity of 20% RH, and the weight loss due to evaporation after standing was 38%. Thereafter, the obtained organ model was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of glycerin as a moisturizing agent at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. Furthermore, it was left to stand for 3 days in an environment with an air temperature of 50 ° C. and a humidity of 20% RH. Next, the obtained organ model was immersed in glycerin as a moisturizer for 6 hours in a 25 ° C. environment. The liver model II-4 which is the target gel modeling thing was obtained from glycerol.

(Example II-5)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as Example II-1.
<Molding of gel model>
A liver model was obtained in the same manner as in Example II-1 using the obtained hydrogel precursor solution.

<Moisturizing agent impregnation treatment for gel model>
The obtained organ model was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of ethyl alcohol as a moisturizing agent at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. The liver model II-5 which is the target gel modeling thing was obtained from the aqueous solution.

(Example II-6)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as Example II-1.
<Molding of gel model>
A liver model was obtained in the same manner as in Example II-1 using the obtained hydrogel precursor solution.

<Moisturizing agent impregnation treatment for gel model>
The obtained organ model was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of ethylene glycol as a moisturizing agent at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. The liver model II-6 which is the target gel modeling thing was obtained from the aqueous solution.

(Comparative Example II-1)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as Example II-1.
<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was poured into the same mold as that used in Example II-1, allowed to stand in a 25 ° C. environment for 20 hours, and taken out of the mold to obtain liver model II-7.

(Comparative Example II-2)
<Preparation of hydrogel precursor liquid>
A hydrogel precursor solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example II-1.
<Molding of gel model>
The obtained hydrogel precursor liquid was ejected by an inkjet optical modeling apparatus by applying the three-dimensional model data of the liver. The liver model II-8 was obtained by hardening after discharge.

  Table 3 shows the blending ratio of each component constituting the hydrogel precursor liquid in Examples II-1 to II-6 and Comparative Examples II-1 and II-2. In the table, “←” means “same as left column”.

[Evaluation]
<Moisturizing agent content>
The moisturizer content of liver model II-1 to liver model II-8 produced in Example II-1 to Example II-6, Comparative Example II-1 and Comparative Example II-2 was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (Rigaku). : Thermo plus TG8120). The method of measuring the moisturizer content in the vicinity of the liver model surface is as follows.
First, a 2 mm square hydrogel is cut out from the surface of the liver model. This is put into a thermogravimetric analyzer and the thermogravimetric reduction rate near the boiling point of the humectant is measured. Specifically, since glycerin having a boiling point of 290 ° C. is used as a humectant in the present invention, the weight loss value of glycerin in the temperature range from 250 ° C. to 300 ° C. was measured. The content of the humectant was measured from the weight loss rate of glycerin when the weight of the 2 mm square hydrogel was 100%.
In addition, the method for measuring the moisturizer content inside the liver model is the same as when measuring the moisturizer content in the vicinity of the above surface by cutting out a hydrogel 50 mm inside from the surface of the liver model. did.
<Drying evaluation>
Liver model II-1 to liver model II-8 produced in Example II-1 to Example II-6, Comparative Example II-1 and Comparative Example II-2 were combined under a temperature of 25 ° C. and humidity of 50% RH. The mass reduction rate due to evaporation after standing for a week was evaluated.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
<Evaluation of organ reproducibility>
The liver models produced in Examples II-1 to 6 and Comparative Examples II-1 and II-2 were interviewed with 5 skilled surgeons for elasticity and sharpness with a surgical knife.

<Drying evaluation>
The surface of the liver model of Examples II-1 to II-6 contains 12 to 90% of a humectant.
These liver models 1 to 6 have a mass reduction rate of 0.8 to 13.6% due to evaporation after being left for one week in an environment of temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH. It was confirmed that there was no change in the texture.
The moisturizer content of the liver model II-7 of Comparative Example II-1 and the liver model II-8 of Comparative Example II-2 is 0%. These liver models have a mass reduction rate of 48.7% and 45.2%, respectively, after being left for one week in an environment of temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH. The wet sensation was slightly lost and shrinkage due to drying occurred.

(Regarding evaluation results of organ reproducibility)
As a result of conducting interviews with five skilled surgeons for the liver model II-1 to liver model II-6 of the example, all the liver models were able to reproduce the real thing with both elasticity and sharpness with a surgical knife. Evaluation results were obtained from all five surgeons.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Modeling apparatus 11 Modeling object formation liquid injection head unit 12, 13 Support body formation liquid injection head unit 14, 15 Ultraviolet irradiation machine 16 Modeling object support substrate
17 stage 18 support layer 19 shaped object layer 20, 21 smoothing member 40 liver 41 gallbladder 42 inferior vena cava 43 liver sickle-shaped mesenchyme 44 right lobe 45 left lobe

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-241988 Japanese Patent No. 4993519 Japanese Patent No. 4759165

Claims (13)

  It is a layered object composed of a hydrogel containing an organic polymer, a water-swellable clay mineral, and a moisturizer, and the content of the moisturizer in the range of 2 mm from the surface of the layered object is at least 10%. Laminated shaped product characterized by   The layered object according to claim 1, wherein a stress at 80% compression is 0.01 to 5.0 MPa.   The laminate model according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laminate model contains 10 to 90% by mass of the humectant.   The layered object according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the humectant increases from the center of the layered object to the surface.   The layered object according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the humectant is glycerin. The layered object according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a plurality of regions having different compressive stresses.   An organ model comprising the layered object according to any one of claims 1 to 6. It has the process of modeling a laminated body using the hydrogel precursor liquid containing an organic monomer, a water-swellable clay mineral, water, and a moisturizer, The layered product of any one of Claims 1-6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Production method. Forming a laminate using a hydrogel precursor liquid containing an organic monomer, a water-swellable clay mineral, and water;
A step of applying a moisturizer-containing liquid to the obtained layered object,
The method for producing a layered object according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: Forming a laminate using a hydrogel precursor liquid containing an organic monomer, a water-swellable clay mineral, and water;
A step of drying the obtained layered object,
A step of applying a moisturizer-containing liquid to the layered object after drying,
The method for producing a layered object according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:   The method of manufacturing a layered object according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the step of modeling the layered body is performed by layered modeling with a three-dimensional printer. The step of shaping the laminate is a first step of forming a film by applying a hydrogel precursor liquid containing an organic monomer, a water-swellable clay mineral, water and a humectant;
The method for producing a layered object according to any one of claims 8 to 11, which is a step of repeating the second step of curing the film formed in the first step a plurality of times.   By using a plurality of precursor liquids having different compositions as the hydrogel precursor, and controlling the position and amount of the plurality of precursor liquids applied as the first step, the compression stress or elastic modulus after curing is increased. 13. The method for manufacturing a layered object according to claim 12, wherein a film having a plurality of different regions is formed.

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