JP6608449B2 - Addenda with integrated sensor for quantifying tissue compression - Google Patents

Description

(Cross-reference of related applications)
The present application is filed simultaneously with the present application, application serial number END7420USNP / 140125, names "CIRCUITRY AND SENSORS FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE", END7422USNP / 140127, names "MONITORINGDEMPIONBANDIONP14". Name "MULTIPLE SENSORS WITH ONE SENSOR AFFECTING A SECOND SENSOR'S OUTPUT OR INTERRETATION", END7424USNP / 140129, name "POLARIITY OF HALL MAGNET TOTO ED CARTRIDGE ", END7425USNP / 140130, entitled" SMART CARTRIDGE WAKE UP OPERATION AND DATA RETENTION ", END7426USNP / 140131, entitled" MULTIPLE MOTOR CONTROL FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE ", and END7427USNP / 140132, relates to the name" LOCAL DISPLAY OF TISSUE PARAMETER STABILIZATION " Each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

(Field of Invention)
Embodiments of the present invention relate to surgical instruments and, in various situations, to surgical stapling and cutting instruments and staple cartridges thereof designed to staple and cut tissue.

  In one embodiment, a surgical stapling system is provided. The surgical stapling system includes an elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from an actuator and an end effector that compresses and staples tissue, the end effector being operably coupled to the elongate shaft. ing. The end effector has an elongated channel, an anvil having a staple forming surface on the upper side and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel, and a staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongated channel Is provided. The staple cartridge is positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil, a plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support the staples, and the anvil and the staple cartridge. An operable tissue thickness compensator, wherein the tissue thickness compensator is configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within the different staples, the tissue compensator including the first conductive element. And the system is operable to determine a property of the tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge.

  In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises one or more wire coils. In one embodiment, the anvil is capacitively coupled to one or more wire coils and is operable to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. The eddy current sensor is further provided. In one embodiment, the staple cartridge is one or two operable to capacitively couple with one or more wire coils to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. The above eddy current sensor is further provided.

  In one embodiment, the anvil comprises one or more first eddy current sensors, the staple cartridge further comprises one or more second eddy current sensors, and the first conductive element Comprises one or more first wire coils and one or more second wire coils, wherein the first eddy current sensor is capacitively coupled to the first wire coil, and the second The eddy current sensor is capacitively coupled to the second wire coil.

  In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises a wire mesh. In one embodiment, the anvil further comprises a second conductive element operable to capacitively couple with the wire mesh to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. In one embodiment, the staple cartridge further comprises a second conductive element operable to capacitively couple with the wire mesh to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. In one embodiment, the penetration of the staples into the wire mesh indicates the staple position or staple form quality.

  In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises a first conductor array and a second opposing conductor array, the first conductor array being separated from the second conductor array by an insulator.

  In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises a first conductor set and a second conductor set, wherein the first conductor set is configured to apply a current pulse of a predetermined low frequency to the tissue. And the second conductor set is configured to detect a tissue response to the current pulse.

  In one embodiment, the first conductive element includes a conductive material embedded in the tissue compensator, and the anvil is electrically coupled to the first conductive element and compressed in any region of the end effector. And a second conductive element operable to indicate the amount of tissue.

  In one embodiment, the first conductive element includes a conductive material embedded in a tissue compensator, and the staple cartridge is electrically coupled to the first conductive element and in any region of the end effector. A second conductive element operable to indicate the amount of compressed tissue is further provided.

  In one embodiment, a surgical stapling system is provided. The surgical stapling system includes an elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit actuation motion from an actuator, and an end effector that compresses and staples tissue, the end effector operably coupled to the elongate shaft. Yes. The end effector has an elongated channel, an anvil having a staple forming surface on the upper side and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel, and a staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongated channel Is provided. The staple cartridge is positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil, a plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support the staples, and the anvil and the staple cartridge. An operable tissue thickness compensator. The tissue thickness compensator is configured to be captured by staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples, the tissue compensator comprising a first conductive element. The system is operable to detect the position of the tissue compensator relative to the end effector.

  In one embodiment, the anvil is operable to couple with the first conductive element to detect improper coupling between the first conductive element and the second conductive element, 2 conductive elements. In one embodiment, the first conductive element is located at the edge position of the tissue compensator. In one embodiment, the first conductive element is a wire mesh. In one embodiment, the staple cartridge is operable to couple with the first conductive element to detect improper coupling between the first conductive element and the second conductive element. A second conductive element is further provided. In one embodiment, the first conductive element is located at the edge position of the tissue compensator. In one embodiment, the first conductive element is a wire mesh. In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises an electrical pattern that stores data and the system is operable to detect the electrical pattern.

  In one embodiment, a surgical stapling system is provided. The surgical stapling system includes an elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit actuation motion from an actuator, and an end effector that compresses and staples tissue, the end effector operably coupled to the elongate shaft. Yes. The end effector has an elongated channel, an anvil having a staple forming surface on the upper side and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel, and a staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongated channel Is provided. The staple cartridge includes a cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil, a slot defined in the cartridge body, a plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support the staples, and a cutting member A cutting member operable to be engaged with the actuating motion and positioned to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge so that the can be moved from the proximal end of the slot to the distal end of the slot A tissue thickness compensator, wherein the tissue thickness compensator is configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights in different staples, the tissue compensator comprising a first conductive element. The system determines the position of the cutting member in the slot. It is operable to cross.

  In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises an array of segments arranged perpendicular to the slot, the segment comprising a first end on the first side of the slot and a second side of the slot. The segments are connected in parallel at their first ends, and the cutting member is configured to cut the segments as the cutting member moves, The change in the electrical characteristics of one conductive element indicates the position of the cutting member. In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises an array of segments perpendicular to the slot, the segment being a first end on the first side of the slot and a second end on the second side of the slot. And the segments have a first parallel connection at their first end and a second parallel connection at their second end. The cutting member is configured to cut the segment as the cutting member moves, and the change in electrical characteristics of the first conductive element indicates the position of the cutting member. In one embodiment, the first conductive element comprises a wire mesh. The cutting member is configured to cut the wire mesh as the cutting member advances along the slot, and the change in electrical properties of the mesh as the mesh is cut indicates the position of the cutting member.

The characteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention, and the manner in which they are realized, will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: As such, it will be further understood.
1 is a perspective view of a surgical instrument having a replaceable shaft assembly operably coupled thereto. FIG. FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the replaceable shaft assembly and surgical instrument of FIG. FIG. 3 is another exploded view showing portions of the replaceable shaft assembly and surgical instrument of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a portion of the surgical instrument of FIGS. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the surgical instrument of FIG. 4 with the firing trigger in a fully activated position. FIG. 6 is another cross-sectional view of a portion of the surgical instrument of FIG. 5 with the firing trigger in a non-actuated position. FIG. 3 is an exploded view of one form of a replaceable shaft assembly. FIG. 8 is another exploded view of the portion of the replaceable shaft assembly of FIG. FIG. 9 is another exploded view of a portion of the replaceable shaft assembly of FIGS. 7 and 8. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the replaceable shaft assembly of FIGS. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a portion of the shaft assembly of FIGS. 7-10, omitting the switch drum for clarity. FIG. 12 is another perspective view of a portion of the replaceable shaft assembly of FIG. 11 with a switch drum mounted thereon. FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of the replaceable shaft assembly of FIG. 11 operably coupled to a portion of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1 with its closure trigger shown in a non-actuated position. FIG. 14 is a right side elevation view of the replaceable shaft assembly and surgical instrument of FIG. 13. FIG. 15 is a left side elevational view of the replaceable shaft assembly and surgical instrument of FIGS. 13 and 14. FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of the replaceable shaft assembly of FIG. 11 operatively coupled to a portion of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1 with its closure trigger in an activated position and a firing trigger in an inactivated position. is there. FIG. 17 is a right side elevation view of the replaceable shaft assembly and surgical instrument of FIG. FIG. 18 is a left side elevation view of the replaceable shaft assembly and surgical instrument of FIGS. 16 and 17. 11 is a right side elevational view of the replaceable shaft assembly of FIG. 11 operatively coupled to a portion of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1 with the closure trigger in the activated position and the firing trigger in the activated position. It is. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a system for stopping power supply to an electrical connector of a surgical instrument handle when a shaft assembly is not coupled thereto. FIG. 2 is an exploded view of one embodiment of the end effector of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1 across two drawings. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1 across two drawings. 1 shows an example of a power supply assembly comprising a use cycle circuit configured to generate a battery back use cycle count. FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of a process for sequentially energizing a segmented circuit. FIG. FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of a power supply segment comprising a plurality of daisy chained power converters. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a segmentation circuit configured to maximize power available for critical and / or power intensive functions. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a power supply system comprising a plurality of daisy chained power converters configured to be energized sequentially. Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a segmentation circuit comprising an isolated control section. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a first sensor and a second sensor. FIG. 29 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for adjusting measurements of a first sensor based on input from a second sensor of the end effector shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining a lookup table for a first sensor based on input from a second sensor. FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for calibrating a first sensor in response to input from a second sensor. FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining and displaying the thickness of a tissue portion grasped between an end effector anvil and a staple cartridge. FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining and displaying the thickness of a tissue portion grasped between an end effector anvil and a staple cartridge. FIG. 5 is a graph showing a comparison between adjusted Hall effect thickness measurements and uncorrected Hall effect thickness measurements. FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a first sensor and a second sensor. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a first sensor and a plurality of second sensors. FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for adjusting a measurement value of a first sensor in response to a plurality of secondary sensors. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a circuit configured to convert signals from a first sensor and a plurality of secondary sensors into digital signals receivable by a processor. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising multiple sensors. FIG. 4 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining one or more tissue characteristics based on a plurality of sensors. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a plurality of sensors coupled to a second jaw member. Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a plurality of sensors integrally formed therein. FIG. 4 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining one or more parameters of a tissue portion grasped in an end effector. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of another end effector comprising a plurality of redundant sensors. FIG. 4 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for selecting the most reliable output from a plurality of redundant sensors. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a sensor that includes a specific sampling rate that limits or eliminates spurious signals. FIG. 5 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for generating a thickness measurement of a tissue portion disposed between an anvil of an end effector and a staple cartridge. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a circular stapler. 47 shows the gripping process of the circular stapler shown in FIG. 47, FIG. 48A shows the circular stapler in the initial position with the anvil and body in a closed configuration, and FIG. FIG. 48C shows the tissue portion compressed to a predetermined compression between the anvil and the body, moving to the side to disengage from the body, creating a gap configured to receive the tissue portion therein. FIG. 48D shows the circular stapler in a position corresponding to staple deployment. 47 shows the gripping process of the circular stapler shown in FIG. 47, FIG. 48A shows the circular stapler in the initial position with the anvil and body in a closed configuration, and FIG. FIG. 48C shows the tissue portion compressed to a predetermined compression between the anvil and the body, moving to the side to disengage from the body, creating a gap configured to receive the tissue portion therein. FIG. 48D shows the circular stapler in a position corresponding to staple deployment. 47 shows the gripping process of the circular stapler shown in FIG. 47, FIG. 48A shows the circular stapler in the initial position with the anvil and body in a closed configuration, and FIG. FIG. 48C shows the tissue portion compressed to a predetermined compression between the anvil and the body, moving to the side to disengage from the body, creating a gap configured to receive the tissue portion therein. FIG. 48D shows the circular stapler in a position corresponding to staple deployment. 47 shows the gripping process of the circular stapler shown in FIG. 47, FIG. 48A shows the circular stapler in the initial position with the anvil and body in a closed configuration, and FIG. FIG. 48C shows the tissue portion compressed to a predetermined compression between the anvil and the body, moving to the side to disengage from the body, creating a gap configured to receive the tissue portion therein. FIG. 48D shows the circular stapler in a position corresponding to staple deployment. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a circular staple anvil and an electrical connector configured to be associated therewith. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical instrument comprising a sensor coupled to a drive shaft of the surgical instrument. 6 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining unequal tissue loading within an end effector. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector configured to determine one or more parameters of a tissue portion during a grasping operation. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector configured to normalize Hall effect voltage independent of staple cartridge deck height. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector configured to normalize Hall effect voltage independent of staple cartridge deck height. FIG. 54 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining when tissue compression within an end effector has reached a steady state, such as the end effector shown in FIGS. 53A-53B. It is a graph which shows the reading value of various Hall effect sensors. FIG. 54 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining when tissue compression in an end effector, such as the end effector shown in FIGS. 53A-53B, has reached a steady state. FIG. 5 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for controlling an end effector to improve proper staple formation during deployment. FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for controlling an end effector to allow fluid drainage and provide improved staple formation. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a pressure sensor. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a pressure sensor. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a second sensor positioned between a staple cartridge and a second jaw member. FIG. 61 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process for determining and displaying the thickness of a tissue portion grasped in an end effector according to FIGS. 59A-59B or FIG. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a plurality of second sensors positioned between a staple cartridge and an elongate channel. Further shows the effect of full bite versus partial bite of the tissue. Further shows the effect of full bite versus partial bite of the tissue. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a coil and an oscillator circuit for measuring a gap between an anvil and a staple cartridge. FIG. 6 shows an alternative view of an end effector. As shown, in some embodiments, external wiring may supply power to the oscillator circuit. The example of the operation | movement of the coil which detects the eddy current in a target is shown. FIG. 6 shows a graph of measured resistance of coil radius as a function of measured quality factor, measured inductance, and coil standoff relative to a target. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising an emitter and a sensor positioned between a staple cartridge and an elongated channel. Fig. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an emitter and sensor in operation. FIG. 3 shows a surface of an embodiment of an emitter and sensor comprising a MEMS transducer. FIG. 70 is a graph of an example of a reflected signal that can be measured by the emitter and sensor of FIG. 69. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector configured to determine the position of a cutting member or knife. Fig. 3 shows an example of a working code strip with a red LED and an infrared LED. FIG. 7 shows a partial perspective view of an end effector of a surgical instrument comprising a staple cartridge according to various embodiments described herein. FIG. 75 shows an elevational view of a portion of the end effector of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 75 shows a logic diagram of the module of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 74 shows a partial view of the cutting blade, light sensor, and light source of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 74 shows a partial view of the cutting blade, light sensor, and light source of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 74 shows a partial view of the cutting blade, light sensor, and light source of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 74 shows a partial view of the cutting blade, light sensor, and light source of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 74 shows a partial view of the cutting blade, light sensor, and light source of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 75 illustrates a partial view of a cutting edge between cleaning blades of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 75 illustrates a partial view of a cutting blade between the cleaning sponges of the surgical instrument of FIG. 74 in accordance with various embodiments described herein. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a staple cartridge including a sharpness test member according to various embodiments described herein. FIG. 4 shows a logic diagram of a module of a surgical instrument according to various embodiments described herein. FIG. 4 shows a logic diagram of a module of a surgical instrument according to various embodiments described herein. FIG. 3 shows a logic diagram outlining a method for assessing the sharpness of a cutting edge of a surgical instrument according to various embodiments described herein. 84 illustrates a chart of forces applied to the cutting edge of a surgical instrument by the sharpness test member of FIG. 84 at various sharpness levels, according to various embodiments described herein. Outlines a method for determining whether a cutting edge of a surgical instrument is sharp enough to excise tissue captured by the surgical instrument, according to various embodiments described herein. A flowchart is shown. FIG. 6 shows a table showing predefined tissue thicknesses and corresponding predefined threshold forces according to various embodiments described herein. FIG. FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a surgical instrument including a handle, a shaft assembly, and an end effector. FIG. 92 illustrates a logic diagram of a common control module for use with multiple motors of the surgical instrument of FIG. 91. FIG. 92 illustrates a partial elevation view of the handle of the surgical instrument of FIG. 91 with the outer casing removed. FIG. 92 shows a partial elevational view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 91 with the outer casing removed. FIG. 6 shows a side angle view of the end effector with the anvil in the closed position, showing one is on either side of the cartridge deck. FIG. 4 shows a 3/4 angle view of the end effector with the anvil in the open position with one LED on either side of the cartridge deck. FIG. 5 shows a side angle view of an end effector with a plurality of LEDs located on either side of the cartridge deck and the anvil in the closed position. FIG. 4 shows a 3/4 angle view of the end effector with the anvil in the open position with multiple LEDs located on either side of the cartridge deck. FIG. 9 shows a side angle view of the end effector with the anvil in the closed position and multiple LEDs located on either side of the cartridge deck from the proximal end to the distal end of the staple cartridge. FIG. 6 shows a 3/4 angle view of the end effector showing the anvil in the open position and the plurality of LEDs located on either side of the cartridge deck from the proximal end to the distal end of the staple cartridge. FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment in which a tissue compensator is removably attached to the anvil portion of the end effector. FIG. 98B shows a detailed view of a portion of the tissue compensator shown in FIG. 98A. FIG. 6 illustrates various exemplary embodiments for detecting the distance between the anvil and the top surface of the staple cartridge using conductive elements and layers of conductive elements in the staple cartridge. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a tissue compensator comprising a layer of conductive element in operation. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a tissue compensator comprising a layer of conductive element in operation. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a tissue compensator further comprising a conductor embedded therein. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a tissue compensator further comprising a conductor embedded therein. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a tissue compensator further comprising a conductor embedded therein. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a tissue compensator further comprising a conductor embedded therein. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge and tissue compensator where the staple cartridge provides power to a conductive element comprising the tissue compensator. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge and tissue compensator where the staple cartridge provides power to a conductive element comprising the tissue compensator. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge and tissue compensator where the staple cartridge provides power to a conductive element comprising the tissue compensator. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a position sensing element and a tissue compensator. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a position sensing element and a tissue compensator. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a position sensing element and a tissue compensator. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a position sensing element and a tissue compensator. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge and a tissue compensator operable to indicate the position of a cutting member or knife bar. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge and a tissue compensator operable to indicate the position of a cutting member or knife bar. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a magnet and a Hall effect sensor that can use a detected magnetic field to identify a staple cartridge. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a magnet and a Hall effect sensor that can use a detected magnetic field to identify a staple cartridge. The distal tip of the staple cartridge as shown in FIGS. 108 and 109 in response to the distance or gap between the magnet located in the anvil and the Hall effect sensor in the staple cartridge as shown in FIGS. 2 shows a graph of the voltage detected by the Hall effect sensor located in 1 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical instrument housing comprising a display. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a staple retainer comprising a magnet. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a sensor for identifying different types of staple cartridges. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector comprising a sensor for identifying different types of staple cartridges. FIG. 5 is a partial view of an end effector having sensor power conductors for transferring power and data signals between connected components of a surgical instrument according to one embodiment. FIG. 115 is a partial view of the end effector shown in FIG. 114 showing the sensors and / or electronic components located within the end effector. 1 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem comprising a sensor and / or electronic component short circuit protection circuit according to one embodiment. FIG. FIG. 7 is a short circuit protection circuit comprising an auxiliary power circuit 7014 coupled to a main power circuit, according to one embodiment. In accordance with one embodiment, a surgical instrument electronic subsystem comprising a sample rate monitor that provides power reduction by limiting the sample rate and / or duty cycle of a sensor component when the surgical instrument is in an insensitive state. It is a block diagram. 1 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem with overcurrent / voltage protection circuitry for surgical instrument sensors and / or electronic components, according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is an overcurrent / voltage protection circuit for sensors and electronic components for a surgical instrument, according to one embodiment. 1 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem having reverse polarity protection circuitry for sensors and / or electronic components, according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a reverse polarity protection circuit for sensors and / or electronic components for a surgical instrument, according to one embodiment. 1 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem that utilizes a sleep mode monitor to reduce power for sensors and / or electronic components, according to one embodiment. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem comprising a temporary power loss circuit that provides protection against intermittent power loss for sensors and / or electronic components of a modular surgical instrument. Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a temporary power loss circuit implemented as a hardware circuit. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of an end effector comprising a magnet and Hall effect sensor in communication with a processor. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an end effector comprising a magnet and Hall effect sensor in communication with a processor. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of operable dimensions associated with the operation of a Hall effect sensor. FIG. FIG. 3 shows an external side view of one embodiment of a staple cartridge. It shows the various possible dimensions between the bottom of the push-off lug and the top of the Hall effect sensor. FIG. 3 shows an external side view of one embodiment of a staple cartridge. Fig. 5 shows the various possible dimensions between the lower surface of the extrusion lug and the upper surface of the staple cartridge above the Hall effect sensor. Further shown is an anvil 10002 and a front end cross-sectional view 10054 of the center point of the anvil. FIG. 129B is a cross-sectional view of the magnet shown in FIG. 129A. FIG. 130A shows a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 130B shows a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130C shows an anvil and magnet view. A cutaway perspective view is shown, FIG. 130D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 130A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 130B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130C illustrates an anvil and magnet configuration. A cutaway perspective view is shown, FIG. 130D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 130A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 130B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130C illustrates an anvil and magnet configuration. A cutaway perspective view is shown, FIG. 130D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 130A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 130B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130C illustrates an anvil and magnet configuration. A cutaway perspective view is shown, FIG. 130D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 130A shows a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 130B shows a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130C shows an anvil and magnet view. A cutaway perspective view is shown, FIG. 130D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 130E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 131A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 131B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131C illustrates an anvil and magnet. FIG. 131D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 131A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 131B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131C illustrates an anvil and magnet. FIG. 131D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 131A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 131B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131C illustrates an anvil and magnet. FIG. 131D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 131A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 131B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131C illustrates an anvil and magnet. FIG. 131D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. FIG. 131A illustrates a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector, FIG. 131B illustrates a front end cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131C illustrates an anvil and magnet. FIG. 131D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil and magnet, and FIG. 131E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil and magnet. Fig. 5 shows a point of contact between the anvil and either the staple cartridge and / or the elongated channel. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector operable to create an electrical connection using a conductive surface at a distal contact point. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector operable to create an electrical connection using a conductive surface at a distal contact point. FIG. 134A shows one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface, FIG. 134A shows an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge, and FIG. 134B FIG. 134C shows the inner surface of the anvil further comprising a first conductive surface located distally from the staple forming indent, and FIG. 134C contacts the cartridge body and a second conductive surface located on the staple cartridge. 1 shows a staple cartridge comprising a first conductive surface arranged in such a way that it can be. FIG. 134A shows one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface, FIG. 134A shows an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge, and FIG. 134B FIG. 134C shows the inner surface of the anvil further comprising a first conductive surface located distally from the staple forming indent, and FIG. 134C contacts the cartridge body and a second conductive surface located on the staple cartridge. 1 shows a staple cartridge comprising a first conductive surface arranged in such a way that it can be. FIG. 134A shows one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface, FIG. 134A shows an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge, and FIG. 134B FIG. 134C shows the inner surface of the anvil further comprising a first conductive surface located distally from the staple forming indent, and FIG. 134C contacts the cartridge body and a second conductive surface located on the staple cartridge. 1 shows a staple cartridge comprising a first conductive surface arranged in such a way that it can be. FIG. 135A shows one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface, FIG. 135A shows an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge, and FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a staple cartridge showing a first conductive surface positioned so as to be in contact with a second conductive surface. FIG. 135A shows one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface, FIG. 135A shows an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge, and FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a staple cartridge showing a first conductive surface positioned so as to be in contact with a second conductive surface. FIG. 136A shows one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface, FIG. 136A shows an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge, and FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a staple cartridge showing an anvil further comprising a magnet and an inner surface, the inner surface further comprising a number of staple forming indents. 136A and 136B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface, and FIG. 136A includes an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge. FIG. 136B is an enlarged view of the staple cartridge showing an anvil further comprising a magnet and an inner surface, the inner surface further comprising a number of staple forming indents. FIG. 137A illustrates one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a proximal contact point, and FIG. 137A illustrates an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge. 137B is an enlarged view showing the pin contained within the aperture defined in the elongated channel for the purpose of containing the pin, and FIG. 137C is an alternative implementation where the alternative location of the second conductive surface is on the surface of the aperture. The form is shown. FIG. 137A illustrates one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a proximal contact point, and FIG. 137A illustrates an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge. 137B is an enlarged view showing the pin contained within the aperture defined in the elongated channel for the purpose of containing the pin, and FIG. 137C is an alternative implementation where the alternative location of the second conductive surface is on the surface of the aperture. The form is shown. FIG. 137A illustrates one embodiment of an end effector operable to form an electrical connection using a proximal contact point, and FIG. 137A illustrates an end effector comprising an anvil, an elongated channel, and a staple cartridge. 137B is an enlarged view showing the pin contained within the aperture defined in the elongated channel for the purpose of containing the pin, and FIG. 137C is an alternative implementation where the alternative location of the second conductive surface is on the surface of the aperture. The form is shown. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector having a distal sensor plug. 138 shows the end effector shown in FIG. 138 with the anvil in the open position. 139B shows a cross-sectional view of the end effector shown in FIG. 139A with the anvil in the open position. 138 shows the end effector shown in FIG. 138 with the anvil in the closed position. 139B shows a cross-sectional view of the end effector shown in FIG. 139C with the anvil in the closed position. FIG. 6 provides an enlarged view of a cross section of the distal end of the end effector. FIG. 6 shows an enlarged top view of a staple cartridge with a distal sensor plug. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the underside of a staple cartridge with a distal sensor plug. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the distal end of the staple cartridge. FIG. 143 shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 143A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 143B shows the assembly of the staple cartridge and flexible cable in more detail. FIG. 143C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a staple cartridge to illustrate the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling within the distal end of the staple cartridge, according to this embodiment. FIG. 143 shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 143A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 143B shows the assembly of the staple cartridge and flexible cable in more detail. FIG. 143C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a staple cartridge to illustrate the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling within the distal end of the staple cartridge, according to this embodiment. FIG. 143 shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 143A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 143B shows the assembly of the staple cartridge and flexible cable in more detail. FIG. 143C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a staple cartridge to illustrate the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling within the distal end of the staple cartridge, according to this embodiment. FIG. 144A shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 144A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, FIG. 144B shows assembly of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 144C shows The bottom surface of the assembled staple cartridge is shown and the flexible cable is shown in more detail, FIG. 144D shows a cross-sectional view of the staple cartridge showing the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling, and FIG. 144E shows the cartridge tray. FIG. 144F shows a staple cartridge without a cartridge tray to show a possible arrangement of cable traces. FIG. FIG. 144A shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 144A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, FIG. 144B shows assembly of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 144C shows The bottom surface of the assembled staple cartridge is shown and the flexible cable is shown in more detail, FIG. 144D shows a cross-sectional view of the staple cartridge showing the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling, and FIG. 144E shows the cartridge tray. FIG. 144F shows a staple cartridge without a cartridge tray to show a possible arrangement of cable traces. FIG. FIG. 144A shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 144A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, FIG. 144B shows assembly of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 144C shows The bottom surface of the assembled staple cartridge is shown and the flexible cable is shown in more detail, FIG. 144D shows a cross-sectional view of the staple cartridge showing the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling, and FIG. 144E shows the cartridge tray. FIG. 144F shows a staple cartridge without a cartridge tray to show a possible arrangement of cable traces. FIG. FIG. 144A shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 144A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, FIG. 144B shows assembly of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 144C shows The bottom surface of the assembled staple cartridge is shown and the flexible cable is shown in more detail, FIG. 144D shows a cross-sectional view of the staple cartridge showing the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling, and FIG. 144E shows the cartridge tray. FIG. 144F shows a staple cartridge without a cartridge tray to show a possible arrangement of cable traces. FIG. FIG. 144A shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 144A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, FIG. 144B shows assembly of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 144C shows The bottom surface of the assembled staple cartridge is shown and the flexible cable is shown in more detail, FIG. 144D shows a cross-sectional view of the staple cartridge showing the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling, and FIG. 144E shows the cartridge tray. FIG. 144F shows a staple cartridge without a cartridge tray to show a possible arrangement of cable traces. FIG. FIG. 144A shows an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable connected to a Hall effect sensor and a processor, FIG. 144A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge, FIG. 144B shows assembly of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 144C shows The bottom surface of the assembled staple cartridge is shown and the flexible cable is shown in more detail, FIG. 144D shows a cross-sectional view of the staple cartridge showing the placement of the Hall effect sensor, processor, and conductive coupling, and FIG. 144E shows the cartridge tray. FIG. 144F shows a staple cartridge without a cartridge tray to show a possible arrangement of cable traces. FIG. FIG. 145A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge and FIG. 145B shows the assembly of the staple cartridge and the flexible cable in more detail, showing an embodiment of a staple cartridge comprising a flexible cable, a Hall effect sensor, and a processor. . FIG. 145A shows an exploded view of the staple cartridge and FIG. 145B shows the assembly of the staple cartridge and flexible cable in more detail; FIG. . FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of an end effector coupled to a shaft assembly. 146B shows a perspective view of the bottom surface of the end effector and shaft assembly shown in FIG. 146A. FIG. 146B shows the end effector shown in FIGS. 146A and 146B with a flexible cable and no shaft assembly. 146C shows the elongate channel portion of the end effector shown in FIGS. 146A and 146B without an anvil or staple cartridge to show how the flexible cable shown in FIG. 146C can fit within the elongate channel. 146C shows the elongate channel portion of the end effector shown in FIGS. 146A and 146B without an anvil or staple cartridge to show how the flexible cable shown in FIG. 146C can fit within the elongate channel. Only the flexible cable shown in FIGS. 146C-146E is shown. FIG. 146 shows an enlarged view of the elongate channel shown in FIGS. 146D and 146E with a staple cartridge coupled thereto. 148A further illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge operating with this embodiment of the end effector, FIG. 148A shows an enlarged view showing the proximal end of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 148B shows space for the distal sensor plug. FIG. 148C further illustrates a distal sensor plug and FIG. 148D illustrates a proximal facing surface of the distal sensor plug. FIG. 148A further illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge operating with this embodiment of the end effector, FIG. 148A shows an enlarged view showing the proximal end of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 148B shows space for the distal sensor plug. FIG. 148C further illustrates a distal sensor plug and FIG. 148D illustrates a proximal facing surface of the distal sensor plug. FIG. 148A further illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge operating with this embodiment of the end effector, FIG. 148A shows an enlarged view showing the proximal end of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 148B shows space for the distal sensor plug. FIG. 148C further illustrates a distal sensor plug and FIG. 148D illustrates a proximal facing surface of the distal sensor plug. FIG. 148A further illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge operating with this embodiment of the end effector, FIG. 148A shows an enlarged view showing the proximal end of the staple cartridge, and FIG. 148B shows space for the distal sensor plug. FIG. 148C further illustrates a distal sensor plug and FIG. 148D illustrates a proximal facing surface of the distal sensor plug. FIG. FIG. 149A shows one embodiment of a distal sensor plug, FIG. 149A shows a cutaway view of the distal sensor plug, and FIG. 149B operatively couples to a flexible substrate in a manner that allows communication. Further shown is a Hall effect sensor and processor. FIG. 149A shows one embodiment of a distal sensor plug, FIG. 149A shows a cutaway view of the distal sensor plug, and FIG. 149B operatively couples to a flexible substrate in a manner that allows communication. Further shown is a Hall effect sensor and processor. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector having a flexible cable operable to provide power to sensors and electronic components at a distal tip of an anvil portion. FIG. 151A shows a top view of the end effector with the end effector pivoted −45 ° relative to the shaft assembly, and FIG. 151B shows the end effector articulation and flex cable operation. A top view is shown, and FIG. 151C shows a top view of the end effector with the end effector pivoted + 45 ° relative to the shaft assembly. FIG. 151A shows a top view of the end effector with the end effector pivoted −45 ° relative to the shaft assembly, and FIG. 151B shows the end effector articulation and flex cable operation. A top view is shown, and FIG. 151C shows a top view of the end effector with the end effector pivoted + 45 ° relative to the shaft assembly. FIG. 151A shows a top view of the end effector with the end effector pivoted −45 ° relative to the shaft assembly, and FIG. 151B shows the end effector articulation and flex cable operation. A top view is shown, and FIG. 151C shows a top view of the end effector with the end effector pivoted + 45 ° relative to the shaft assembly. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a distal tip of one embodiment of an anvil having a sensor and electronic components. Figure 3 shows a cutaway view of the distal tip of the anvil.

  Certain exemplary embodiments are described below to provide a general understanding of the principles of structure, function, manufacture, and use of the devices and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments. The characteristics illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be combined with the characteristics of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of embodiments of the present invention.

  Throughout this specification, references to “various embodiments,” “some embodiments,” “one embodiment,” or “an embodiment,” and the like are described in connection with that embodiment. It is meant that a particular property, structure, or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, throughout the specification, phrases such as "in various embodiments," "in some embodiments," "in one embodiment," or "in an embodiment" appear in various places throughout the specification, These are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Thus, a particular characteristic, structure, or feature illustrated or described in connection with one embodiment is not limited to the characteristics, structures, or characteristics of one or more other embodiments in general. May be combined partially or partially. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of embodiments of the present invention.

  The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to the clinician operating the handle portion of the surgical instrument. The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician, and the term “distal” refers to the portion located far from the clinician. It is further understood that for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, and “bottom” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. Will. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and / or absolute.

  Various exemplary devices and methods are provided for performing laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgical procedures. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the various methods and devices disclosed herein can be used in a number of surgical procedures and applications including, for example, those associated with open surgical procedures. It will be. As the form for practicing the invention is read, the various devices disclosed herein may be inserted into the body in any manner, such as through natural openings, through cuts or puncture holes formed in tissue. Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that this is possible. The working or end effector portion of the instrument can be inserted directly into the patient's body or can be inserted through an access device having a working channel that can advance the end effector and the elongate shaft of the surgical instrument.

  1-6 illustrate a motor-driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument 10 that may or may not be reused. In the illustrated embodiment, the instrument 10 includes a housing 12 with a handle 14 configured to be grasped, manipulated, and actuated by a clinician. The housing 12 is operatively attached to a replaceable shaft assembly 200 to which a surgical end effector 300 configured to perform one or more surgical tasks or procedures is operatively coupled. It is configured. As the present detailed description is read, the various unique and novel arrangements of the various forms of interchangeable shaft assemblies disclosed herein are effective in connection with robotic controlled surgical systems. It will be understood that it can also be used. Thus, the term “housing” is also used to generate and apply at least one control motion that can be used to operate the interchangeable shaft assemblies and their respective equivalents disclosed herein. It may include a housing or similar portion of a robotic system that houses or otherwise operably supports at least one drive system configured. The term “frame” may refer to a portion of a hand-held surgical instrument. The term “frame” may also represent a portion of a robot-controlled surgical instrument and / or a portion of a robotic system that may be used to operably control the surgical instrument. For example, the interchangeable shaft assembly disclosed herein is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 118,241, entitled "SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEENTS", current U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US2012 / 0298719. It may be used with the various robot systems, instruments, components, and methods disclosed. US Patent Application No. 13 / 118,241, entitled “SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS”, current US Patent Application Publication No. US 2012/0298719, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

  1-3 includes a replaceable shaft assembly 200 that includes an end effector 300 with a surgical cutting and fastening device configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge 304 therein. Shown connected with. The housing 12 includes an end effector adapted to support staple cartridges of different sizes and types, for use in connection with a replaceable shaft assembly having different shaft lengths, sizes, types, etc. It may be configured. In addition, the housing 12 is also adapted for use with other motions and energy forms in connection with various surgical applications and procedures, such as, for example, radio frequency (RF) energy, ultrasonic energy and / or motion. May be effectively used with a variety of other interchangeable shaft assemblies, including assemblies configured to be applied to a customized end effector device. Further, the end effector, shaft assembly, handle, surgical instrument, and / or surgical instrument system can utilize any suitable fastener (s) to fasten the tissue. For example, a fastener cartridge comprising a plurality of releasably stored fasteners can be removably inserted and / or attached to an end effector of a shaft assembly.

  FIG. 1 shows a surgical instrument 10 having a replaceable shaft assembly 200 operably coupled thereto. 2 and 3 illustrate the attachment of the replaceable shaft assembly 200 to the housing 12 or handle 14. As shown in FIG. 4, the handle 14 may include a pair of interconnectable handle housing segments 16 and 18 that may be interconnected with screws, snap features, adhesives, and the like. In the illustrated arrangement, the handle housing segments 16, 18 cooperate to form a pistol grip portion 19 that can be grasped and manipulated by a clinician. As will be described in more detail below, the handle 14 includes a plurality of drive systems configured to generate and apply various control motions to corresponding portions of the operably mounted interchangeable shaft assembly. Support operably in.

  Referring now to FIG. 4, the handle 14 may further include a frame 20 that operably supports a plurality of drive systems. For example, the frame 20 can operably support a “first” or closed drive system, generally designated 30, which is operably attached or coupled to a replaceable shaft. It may be used to apply a closing and opening movement to the assembly 200. In at least one form, the closure drive system 30 may include an actuator in the form of a closure trigger 32 that is pivotally supported by the frame 20. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the closure trigger 32 is pivotally coupled to the housing 14 by a pin 33. Such an arrangement allows the clinician to manipulate the closure trigger 32 so that when the clinician grips the pistol grip portion 19 of the handle 14, the closure trigger 32 is moved from the starting or “inoperative” position. It can be easily pivoted to an “actuated” position, more specifically to a fully compressed or fully actuated position. The closure trigger 32 may be biased to a non-actuated position by a spring or other biasing device (not shown). In various forms, the closure drive system 30 further includes a closure linkage assembly 34 that is pivotally coupled to the closure trigger 32. As shown in FIG. 4, the closure linkage assembly 34 may include a first closure link 36 and a second closure link 38 that are pivotally coupled to the closure trigger 32 by a pin 35. The second closure link 38, sometimes referred to herein as an “attachment member”, includes a transverse attachment pin 37.

  With continued reference to FIG. 4, the first closure link 36 has a locking wall or end 39 configured thereon for cooperating with a deocclusion assembly 60 pivotally coupled to the frame 20. It can be observed that it may have. In at least one form, the closure release assembly 60 may comprise a release button assembly 62 having a locking claw 64 projecting distally formed thereon. Release button assembly 62 may be pivoted counterclockwise by a release spring (not shown). When the clinician depresses the closure trigger 32 from its non-actuated position toward the pistol grip portion 19 of the handle 14, toward the point where the locking pawl 64 reaches a retaining engagement with the locking wall 39 on the first closure link 36. Thus, the first closing link 36 is pivoted upward, thereby preventing the closing trigger 32 from returning to the inoperative position. See FIG. Accordingly, the closure release assembly 60 serves to lock the closure trigger 32 in the fully activated position. If the clinician wishes to be able to unlock the closure trigger 32 and bias it to the inoperative position, the clinician simply pivots the closure release button assembly 62 and thereby locks it. The pawl 64 is moved out of engagement with the lock wall 39 on the first closing link 36. When the locking pawl 64 is moved out of engagement with the first closure link 36, the closure trigger 32 may pivot back into the inoperative position. Other closure trigger lock and release configurations may also be used.

  In addition to the above, FIGS. 13-15 are in an unactuated position associated with the open or non-gripping configuration of the shaft assembly 200 that allows tissue to be positioned between the jaws of the shaft assembly 200. A closure trigger 32 is shown. FIGS. 16-18 illustrate the closure trigger 32 in the closed configuration of the shaft assembly 200, ie, in the operating position associated with the gripping configuration, where tissue is gripped between the jaws of the shaft assembly 200. . 14 and 17, when the closure trigger 32 is moved from its inoperative position (FIG. 14) to the activated position (FIG. 17), the closure release button 62 is moved from the first position (FIG. 14) to the second position. The reader will understand that it pivots to and from the position (Figure 17). Although the rotation of the closure release button 62 may be referred to as an upward rotation, at least a portion of the closure release button 62 is rotated toward the circuit board 100. Referring to FIG. 4, the closure release button 62 may include an arm 61 extending therefrom and a magnetic element 63 such as a permanent magnet attached to the arm 61. When the closure release button 62 is rotated from the first position to the second position, the magnetic element 63 can move toward the circuit board 100. The circuit board 100 can include at least one sensor configured to detect movement of the magnetic element 63. In at least one embodiment, for example, the Hall effect sensor 65 can be mounted on the bottom surface of the circuit board 100. The Hall effect sensor 65 can be configured to detect a change in the magnetic field surrounding the Hall effect sensor 65 caused by the movement of the magnetic element 63. The Hall effect sensor 65 can be in signal communication with, for example, a microcontroller 1500 (FIG. 19) that associates the closure release button 62 with the non-actuated position of the closure trigger 32 and the open configuration of the end effector. Where is that first position, its operating position of the closing trigger 32 and its second position associated with the closing configuration of the end effector, and / or any position between the first position and the second position Can be judged.

  In at least one form, the handle 14 and the frame 20 are configured to apply firing motion to corresponding portions of the attached interchangeable shaft assembly, referred to herein as a firing drive system 80. The drive system may be operably supported. The firing drive system 80 may also be referred to herein as a “second drive system”. The firing drive system 80 may use an electric motor 82 disposed within the pistol grip portion 19 of the handle 14. In various forms, the motor 82 may be, for example, a brushed DC drive motor having a maximum speed of about 25,000 RPM. In other configurations, the motor may include a brushless motor, a cordless motor, a synchronous motor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable electric motor. The motor 82 may be powered by a power source 90, which may include a removable power pack 92 in one form. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the power pack 92 may include a proximal housing portion 94 configured for attachment to the distal housing portion 96. Proximal housing portion 94 and distal housing portion 96 are configured to operably support a plurality of batteries 98 therein. Each battery 98 may include, for example, lithium ion (“LI”) or other suitable battery. Distal housing portion 96 is configured for removably and operably attached to control circuit board assembly 100, which is also operably coupled to motor 82. A number of batteries 98 that may be connected in series may be used as a power source for the surgical instrument 10. In addition, the power source 90 may be replaceable and / or rechargeable.

  As outlined above in connection with various other configurations, the electric motor 82 is a gear that is mounted in meshing engagement with a set or rack of drive teeth 122 on a longitudinally movable drive member 120. A rotating shaft (not shown) can be included that is operatively associated with the reducer assembly 84. In use, the voltage polarity provided by the power supply 90 can cause the electric motor 82 to operate clockwise, but the voltage polarity applied to the electric motor by the battery causes the electric motor 82 to operate counterclockwise. Can be reversed. When the electric motor 82 is rotated in one direction, the drive member 120 will be driven axially in the distal direction “DD”. Driving the motor 82 in the opposite direction of rotation will drive the drive member 120 axially in the proximal direction “PD”. The handle 14 can include a switch that can be configured to reverse the polarity applied to the electric motor 82 by the power supply 90. As with the other forms described herein, the handle 14 also includes a sensor configured to detect the position of the drive member 120 and / or the direction in which the drive member 120 is moved. be able to.

  The operation of the motor 82 can be controlled by a firing trigger 130 that is pivotally supported on the handle 14. Firing trigger 130 may be pivoted between an inoperative position and an activated position. The firing trigger 130 may be biased to a non-actuated position by a spring 132 or other biasing device, so that when the clinician releases the firing trigger 130, it is non-switched by the spring 132 or biasing device. It may be pivoted to an operating position or otherwise returned. In at least one form, the firing trigger 130 can be positioned “outside” the closure trigger 32 as described above. In at least one form, a firing trigger safety button 134 may be pivotally attached to the closure trigger 32 by a pin 35. The safety button 134 may have a pivot arm 136 positioned between and projecting from the firing trigger 130 and the closure trigger 32. See FIG. When the closure trigger 32 is in the non-actuated position, the safety button 134 is housed in the handle 14 and is not easily accessible by the clinician, and a safety position that prevents activation of the firing trigger 130 and the firing trigger 130 is It cannot be moved between launch positions that may be fired. When the clinician depresses the closure trigger 32, the safety button 134 and firing trigger 130 pivot down and then the clinician can operate them.

  As described above, the handle 14 can include a closure trigger 32 and a firing trigger 130. With reference to FIGS. 14-18A, firing trigger 130 may be pivotally mounted to closure trigger 32. The closure trigger 32 can include an arm 31 extending therefrom, and the firing trigger 130 can be pivotally mounted to the arm 31 about a pivot pin 33. Moving the closure trigger 32 from its non-actuated position (FIG. 14) to the actuated position (FIG. 17) can cause the firing trigger 130 to descend downward as outlined above. After the safety button 134 has moved to its firing position, primarily referring to FIG. 18A, the firing trigger 130 can be depressed to operate the motor of the surgical instrument firing system. In various examples, the handle 14 may include a tracking system, such as the system 800, configured to determine the position of the closure trigger 32 and / or the position of the firing trigger 130, for example. Referring primarily to FIGS. 14, 17, and 18A, the tracking system 800 can include a magnetic element, such as a permanent magnet 802, attached to an arm 801 extending from the firing trigger 130, for example. The tracking system 800 comprises one or more sensors, such as a first Hall effect sensor 803 and a second Hall effect sensor 804, which can be configured to track the position of the magnet 802, for example. Can do. 14 and 17, when the closure trigger 32 is moved from its non-actuated position to its actuated position, the magnet 802 moves between the first position adjacent to the first Hall effect sensor 803 and the second Hall effect. The reader will appreciate that it can move between a second position adjacent to sensor 804. 17 and 18A, when the firing trigger 130 is moved from the unfired position (FIG. 17) to the post-fired position (FIG. 18A), the magnet 802 may move with respect to the second Hall effect sensor 804. The reader will understand what can be done. Sensors 803 and 804 can track the movement of magnet 802 and can be in signal communication with a microcontroller on circuit board 100. Using data from the first sensor 803 and / or the second sensor 804, the microcontroller can determine the position of the magnet 802 along a predefined path and based on that position, the micro The controller can determine where the closure trigger 32 is in its non-actuated position, its actuated position, or a position therebetween. Similarly, using data from the first sensor 803 and / or the second sensor 804, the microcontroller can determine the position of the magnet 802 along the predefined path and based on that position. Thus, the microcontroller can determine where the firing trigger 130 is in its unfired position, its fully fired position, or between those positions.

  As described above, in at least one form, longitudinally movable drive member 120 has teeth 122 formed thereon for meshing engagement with corresponding drive gear 86 of gear reducer assembly 84. Has a rack. At least one form also includes a manually operated “escape” configured to allow the clinician to manually retract the longitudinally movable drive member 120 when the motor 82 is disabled. Assembly 140. The escape assembly 140 may include a lever or escape handle assembly 142 that is configured to be manually pivoted to ratchet with a tooth 124 also provided on the drive member 120. Accordingly, the clinician can manually retract the drive member 120 by using the escape handle assembly 142 to gradually move the drive member 120 in the proximal direction “PD”. US Patent Application Publication No. US 2010/0089970 discloses an escape device, as well as other components, devices, and systems that can also be used with the various instruments disclosed herein. US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 249,117, entitled “POWERED SURGICAL COUNTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLY RETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

  Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 7, the replaceable shaft assembly 200 includes a surgical end effector 300 that includes an elongated channel 302 configured to operably support a staple cartridge 304 therein. The end effector 300 may further include an anvil 306 that is pivotally supported relative to the elongated channel 302. The replaceable shaft assembly 200 further includes an articulation joint 270 and an articulation lock 350 (FIG. 8) that can be configured to releasably hold the end effector 300 in a desired position relative to the shaft axis SA-SA. May be included. Details regarding the structure and operation of the end effector 300, joint joint 270, and joint lock 350 can be found in US patent application Ser. Explained. The entire disclosure of US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086, filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled “ARTICULABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK” is incorporated herein by reference. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the replaceable shaft assembly 200 can further include a proximal housing or nozzle 201 comprised of nozzle portions 202 and 203. The replaceable shaft assembly 200 can further include a closure tube 260 that can be utilized to close and / or open the anvil 306 of the end effector 300. 8 and 9, the shaft assembly 200 can include a spine 210 that can be configured to fixably support the shaft frame portion 212 of the articulation lock 350. See FIG. The spine 210 is configured to (1) slidably support the firing member 220 and (2) slidably support a closure tube 260 extending around the spine 210. Can do. The spine 210 can also be configured to slidably support the proximal joint driver 230. The joint driver 230 has a distal end 231 configured to operably engage the joint lock 350. The articulation lock 350 is associated with an articulation frame 352 adapted to operably engage a drive pin (not shown) on an end effector frame (not shown). As mentioned above, further details regarding the operation of the joint lock 350 and the joint frame can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086. In various situations, the spine 210 can include a proximal end 211 that is rotatably supported within the chassis 240. In one configuration, for example, the proximal end 211 of the spine 210 is formed with a thread 214 to be screwed onto a spine bearing 216 configured to be supported within the chassis 240. See FIG. With this configuration, the spine 210 can be easily attached to the chassis 240 so that the spine 210 can be selectively rotated with respect to the chassis 240 about the shaft axis SA-SA.

  Referring primarily to FIG. 7, the replaceable shaft assembly 200 includes a closure shuttle 250 that is slidably supported therein so that it can be moved axially relative to the chassis 240. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, the closure shuttle 250 projects a pair of proximal sides configured to attach to a mounting pin 37 that attaches to the second closure link 38, as will be described in more detail below. Hook 252 to be included. The proximal end 261 of the closure tube 260 is coupled to the closure shuttle 250 for relative rotation. For example, the U-shaped connector 263 is inserted into an annular slot 262 at the proximal end 261 of the closure tube 260 and is retained within the vertical slot 253 of the closure shuttle 250. See FIG. Such a configuration serves to attach the closure tube 260 to it for axial movement with the closure shuttle 250, while allowing the closure tube 260 to rotate relative to the closure shuttle 250 about the shaft axis SA-SA. To. The closure spring 268 is pivoted on the closure tube 260 and serves to bias the closure tube 260 in the proximal direction “PD” so that when the shaft assembly is operably coupled to the handle 14, It can serve to pivot the closure trigger to a non-actuated position.

  In at least one form, the replaceable shaft assembly 200 may further include an articulation joint 270. However, other interchangeable shaft assemblies may not be articulatable. As shown in FIG. 7, for example, articulation joint 270 includes a double pivot closure sleeve assembly 271. According to various configurations, the double pivot closure sleeve assembly 271 includes an end effector closure sleeve assembly 272 having tongues 273, 274 projecting upwardly and downwardly distally. End effector closure sleeve assembly 272 is incorporated by reference in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086 filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled “ARTICULABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPARISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK”. It includes a horseshoe aperture 275 and a tab 276 that engage open tabs on the anvil 306, which are described in various forms. As described in further detail herein, the horseshoe-shaped aperture 275 and tab 276 engage the tab on the anvil when the anvil 306 is open. The upper double pivot link 277 has an upper proximal pinhole on the tongue 273 projecting on the upper proximal side on the closure tube 260 and an upper proximal pin on the tongue 264 projecting on the upper distal side. It includes upwardly projecting distal and proximal pivot pins, each engaging a hole. A lower double pivot link 278 is provided in the lower distal pinhole of the tongue 274 projecting to the lower proximal side and the lower proximal pinhole of the tongue 265 projecting to the lower distal side, respectively. Includes upwardly projecting distal and proximal pivot pins that engage. See also FIG.

  In use, closure tube 260 is translated distally (direction “DD”) to close anvil 306, for example, in response to actuation of closure trigger 32. The anvil 306 translates the closure tube 260 and thus the shaft closure sleeve assembly 272 distally, in the manner described in the above-referenced US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086. It is closed by hitting the proximal surface of 360. As also described in detail in that reference, the closure tube 260 and shaft closure sleeve assembly 272 are translated proximally to bring the tab 276 and horseshoe-shaped aperture 275 into contact with the anvil tab and press it down. By lifting the anvil 306, the anvil 306 is opened. In the anvil open position, the shaft closure tube 260 is moved to its proximal position.

  As discussed above, the surgical instrument 10 is described in further detail in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086, which can be configured and operated to selectively lock the end effector 300 in place. A joint lock 350 of a certain type and structure may further be included. Such a configuration allows the end effector 300 to rotate or articulate relative to the shaft closure tube 260 when the joint lock 350 is in its unlocked state. In such an unlocked state, the end effector 300 is positioned and pressed against, for example, soft tissue and / or bone surrounding the surgical site in the patient's body to articulate the end effector 300 relative to the closure tube 260. Can do. End effector 300 may also be articulated relative to closure tube 260 by joint driver 230.

  As also described above, the replaceable shaft assembly 200 further includes a firing member 220 that is supported for axial movement within the shaft spine 210. Firing member 220 includes an intermediate firing shaft portion 222 configured for attachment to a distal cutting portion or knife bar 280. Firing member 220 may also be referred to herein as a “second shaft” and / or a “second shaft assembly”. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the intermediate firing shaft portion 222 has a longitudinal slot that can be configured to receive a tab 284 at its proximal end 282 at the proximal end 282 of the distal knife bar 280. 223 may be included. The longitudinal slot 223 and the proximal end 282 can be sized and configured to allow relative movement therebetween and can comprise a slip joint 286. Slip joint 286 allows end effector 300 to be articulated by moving intermediate firing shaft portion 222 of firing drive 220 without moving, or at least substantially, without moving knife bar 280. be able to. When end effector 300 is suitably oriented, intermediate until the proximal side wall of longitudinal slot 223 contacts tab 284 to advance knife bar 280 and fire the staple cartridge positioned within channel 302. The firing shaft portion 222 can be advanced distally. As further seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, the shaft spine 210 has an elongated opening or window 213 that facilitates assembling and inserting the intermediate firing shaft portion 222 into the shaft frame 210. When intermediate firing shaft portion 222 is inserted, top frame segment 215 may be engaged with shaft frame 212 to enclose intermediate firing shaft portion 222 and knife bar 280 therein. Further description regarding the operation of the firing member 220 can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086.

  In addition to the above, the shaft assembly 200 can include a clutch assembly 400 that can be configured to selectively and releasably couple the joint driver 230 to the firing member 220. In one form, the clutch assembly 400 includes a locking collar or sleeve 402 that is positioned around the firing member 220, where the locking sleeve 402 engages the joint driver 360 to the firing member 220. And the engagement / disengagement position where the joint driver 360 is not operably coupled to the firing member 200. When the locking sleeve 402 is in its engaged position, the distal movement of the firing member 220 can cause the joint driver 360 to move distally, correspondingly by the proximal movement of the firing member 220. The joint driver 230 can be moved proximally. When the lock sleeve 402 is in its engaged / disengaged position, the movement of the firing member 220 is not transmitted to the joint driver 230 so that the firing member 220 can move independently of the joint driver 230. In various situations, the joint driver 230 can be held in place by the joint lock 350 when the joint driver 230 is not moved proximally or distally by the firing member 220.

  Referring primarily to FIG. 9, the locking sleeve 402 comprises a cylindrical, or at least substantially cylindrical body having a longitudinal aperture 403 configured to receive the firing member 220 defined therein. Can do. The lock sleeve 402 may include diagonally opposed lock projections 404 facing inward and lock members 406 facing outward. The locking protrusion 404 can be configured to be selectively engaged with the firing member 220. More specifically, when the locking sleeve 402 is in its engaged position, the locking protrusion 404 is positioned within the drive notch 224 defined in the firing member 220, thereby enabling distal pushing force and / or A proximal tensile force can be transmitted from the firing member 220 to the locking sleeve 402. When the locking sleeve 402 is in its engaged position, the second locking member 406 is received within the drive notch 230 defined in the joint driver 232, thereby causing a distal pushing force applied to the locking sleeve 402. And / or a proximal tensile force can be transmitted to the joint driver 230. In effect, firing member 220, lock sleeve 402, and joint driver 230 move together when lock sleeve 402 is in its engaged position. On the other hand, when the locking sleeve 402 is in its disengaged position, the locking protrusion 404 may not be positioned within the drive notch 224 of the firing member 220 so that distal pushing force and / or proximal direction May not be transmitted from the firing member 220 to the lock sleeve 402. Correspondingly, a distal pushing force and / or a proximal pulling force may not be transmitted to the joint driver 230. In such a situation, the firing member 220 can be slid proximally and / or distally relative to the lock sleeve 402 and the proximal articulation driver 230.

  As shown in FIGS. 8-12, the shaft assembly 200 further includes a switch drum 500 that is rotatably received on the closure tube 260. The switch drum 500 includes a hollow shaft segment 502 formed with a shaft boss 504 that receives an outwardly projecting actuation pin 410 therein. In various situations, the actuation pin 410 extends through the slot 267 into a longitudinal slot 408 provided in the lock sleeve 402 so that when the lock sleeve 402 is engaged with the joint driver 230 Facilitates axial movement. As shown in FIG. 10, the rotary torsion spring 420 is configured to engage the boss 504 of the switch drum 500 and a part of the nozzle housing 203 to apply a biasing force to the switch drum 500. The switch drum 500 can further comprise an at least partially circumferential opening 506 defined therein, which opening extends from the nozzle halves 202, 203 with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. The circumferential mounts 204, 205 can be received and configured to allow relative rotation but not translation between the switch drum 500 and the proximal nozzle 201. As shown in those figures, the mounts 204 and 205 also extend through the opening 266 of the closure tube 260 and fit into the recess 211 of the shaft spine 210. However, when the nozzle 201 rotates to the point where the mounts 204 and 205 reach the end of each slot 506 in the switch drum 500, the switch drum 500 rotates about the shaft axis SA-SA. By the rotation of the switch drum 500, the operation pin 410 and the lock sleeve 402 are finally rotated between the engaged position and the disengaged position. Thus, in essence, the nozzle 201 operably engages and disengages the articulation drive system with the firing drive system in various ways further detailed in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086. May be used for

  As also shown in FIGS. 8-12, shaft assembly 200 may be configured to conduct power to and / or communicate signals to and from end effector 300, for example. A slip ring assembly 600 can be provided. The slip ring assembly 600 includes a proximal connector flange 604 that is attached to a chassis flange 242 that extends from the chassis 240 and a distal connector flange 601 that is positioned in a slot defined in the shaft housings 202, 203. Can be provided. Proximal connector flange 604 can comprise a first surface, and distal connector flange 601 comprises a second surface positioned adjacent to and movable relative to the first surface. Can do. The distal connector flange 601 can rotate relative to the proximal connector flange 604 about the shaft axis SA-SA. Proximal connector flange 604 may comprise a plurality of concentric or at least substantially concentric conductors 602 defined on a first surface thereof. The connector 607 can be attached to the proximal face of the connector flange 601 and may have a plurality of contacts (not shown), each contact corresponding to one of the conductors 602 and electrically connected thereto. Contact. Such a configuration allows the proximal connector flange 604 and the distal connector flange 601 to rotate relative to each other while maintaining electrical contact therebetween. The proximal connector flange 604 can include an electrical connector 606 that can place a conductor 602 in signal communication with, for example, a shaft circuit board 610 mounted to the shaft chassis 240. In at least one example, a wiring harness comprising a plurality of conductors can extend between the electrical connector 606 and the shaft circuit board 610. The electrical connector 606 may extend proximally through a connector opening 243 defined in the chassis mounting flange 242. See FIG. US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 800,067, filed Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE TICHKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM” is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 800,025, filed Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE TICHKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM” is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Further details regarding the slip ring assembly 600 can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086.

  As described above, the shaft assembly 200 can include a proximal portion that is fixedly mounted to the handle 14 and a distal portion that is rotatable about a longitudinal axis. The rotatable distal shaft portion can be rotated relative to the proximal portion about the slip ring assembly 600 as described above. The distal connector flange 601 of the slip ring assembly 600 can be positioned within the rotatable distal shaft portion. In addition to the above, the switch drum 500 can also be positioned within the rotatable distal shaft portion. When the rotatable distal shaft portion is rotated, the distal connector flange 601 and the switch drum 500 can be rotated in synchronization with each other. In addition, the switch drum 500 can be rotated between a first position and a second position relative to the distal connector flange 601. When the switch drum 500 is in its first position, the articulation drive system may be operably disengaged from the firing drive system, so that operation of the firing drive system articulates the end effector 300 of the shaft assembly 200. I can't exercise. When the switch drum 500 is in its second position, the articulation drive system may be operatively engaged with the firing drive system, thus articulating the end effector 300 of the shaft assembly 200 by operation of the firing drive system. Can be made. When switch drum 500 is moved between its first and second positions, switch drum 500 is moved relative to distal connector flange 601. In various examples, the shaft assembly 200 can include at least one sensor configured to detect the position of the switch drum 500. Turning now to FIGS. 11 and 12, the distal connector flange 601 can comprise a Hall effect sensor 605, for example, and the switch drum 500 can comprise a magnetic element such as a permanent magnet 505, for example. Hall effect sensor 605 can be configured to detect the position of permanent magnet 505. When the switch drum 500 is rotated between its first and second positions, the permanent magnet 505 can move relative to the Hall effect sensor 605. In various examples, the Hall effect sensor 605 can detect a change in magnetic field that occurs when the permanent magnet 505 is moved. Hall effect sensor 605 may be in signal communication with shaft circuit board 610 and / or handle circuit board 100, for example. Based on the signal from the Hall effect sensor 605, the microcontroller on the shaft circuit board 610 and / or the handle circuit board 100 is engaged or disengaged from the firing drive system. Can be judged.

  Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 7, the chassis 240 is at least formed on the chassis adapted to be received in a corresponding dovetail slot 702 formed in the distal mounting flange portion 700 of the frame 20. One, preferably two, tapered attachment portions 244 are included. Each dovetail slot 702 may be tapered to accommodate the mounting portion 244 therein, or in other words, may be somewhat V-shaped. As can further be seen from FIGS. 3 and 7, a shaft mounting lug 226 is formed at the proximal end of the intermediate firing shaft 222. As will be described in more detail below, when the replaceable shaft assembly 200 is coupled to the handle 14, the shaft attachment lug 226 is received in the firing shaft attachment cradle 126 formed at the distal end 125 of the longitudinal drive member 120. It is done. See FIGS. 3 and 6.

  Various shaft assembly embodiments employ a latch system 710 for removably coupling the shaft assembly 200 to the housing 12, and more specifically to the frame 20. As shown in FIG. 7, for example, in at least one form, the latch system 710 includes a locking member or locking yoke 712 that is movably coupled to the chassis 240. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the lock yoke 712 has a U-shape with two spaced downwardly extending legs 714. Each leg 714 is formed with a pivoting lug 716 adapted to be received in a corresponding hole 245 formed in the chassis 240. With this configuration, it becomes easy to pivotably attach the lock yoke 712 to the chassis 240. The lock yoke 712 may include two proximally projecting lock lugs 714 configured to releasably engage with corresponding lock detents or grooves 704 in the distal mounting flange 700 of the frame 20. . See FIG. In various configurations, the lock yoke 712 is biased proximally by a spring or biasing member (not shown). Actuation of the lock yoke 712 may be accomplished by a latch button 722 slidably mounted on a latch actuator assembly 720 mounted on the chassis 240. The latch button 722 may be biased proximally relative to the lock yoke 712. As described in more detail below, the lock yoke 712 may be moved to the unlocked position by biasing the latch button in the distal direction, which also causes the lock yoke 712 to pivot, The retaining engagement with the distal mounting flange 700 of the frame 20 is disengaged. When the lock yoke 712 is “retained” with the distal mounting flange 700 of the frame 20, the lock lug 716 is retained within the corresponding locking detent or groove 704 of the distal mounting flange 700. Yes.

  When using a replaceable shaft assembly that includes an end effector of the type described herein adapted to cut and fasten tissue, as well as other types of end effectors, it is replaceable during operation of the end effector. It may be desirable to prevent the shaft assembly from being inadvertently separated from the housing. For example, in use, the clinician may activate the closure trigger 32 to grasp the target tissue and manipulate it to the desired position. Once the target tissue is positioned in the desired orientation within the end effector 300, the clinician then fully activates the closure trigger 32 to close the anvil 306 and grasps the target tissue in a cutting and stapling position. May be. In that case, the first drive system 30 is fully operational. It may be desirable to prevent the shaft assembly 200 from being inadvertently separated from the housing 12 after the target tissue is gripped by the end effector 300. One form of latch system 710 is configured to prevent such inadvertent separation.

  As can be seen most specifically in FIG. 7, the lock yoke 712 has at least one, preferably two, lock hooks 718 adapted to contact corresponding lock lug portions 256 formed on the closure shuttle 250. Including. Referring to FIGS. 13-15, when the closed shuttle 250 is in an inoperative position (ie, the first drive system 30 is inactive and the anvil 306 is open), the lock yoke 712 is pivoted in the distal direction. The interchangeable shaft assembly 200 may be unlocked from the housing 12 by movement. In that position, the lock hook 718 does not contact the lock lug portion 256 on the closure shuttle 250. However, moving the closure shuttle 250 to the activated position (ie, actuating the first drive system 30 and the anvil 306 is in the closed position) prevents the lock yoke 712 from pivoting to the unlocked position. Is done. See Figures 16-18. In other words, if the clinician attempts to pivot the lock yoke 712 to the unlocked position or, for example, in such a way that the lock yoke 712 may pivot distally in another case. When ready or hit, the lock hook 718 on the lock yoke 712 contacts the lock lug 256 on the closure shuttle 250 and prevents the lock yoke 712 from moving to the unlocked position.

  Hereinafter, attachment of the replaceable shaft assembly 200 to the handle 14 will be described with reference to FIG. To begin the coupling process, the clinician frames the chassis 240 of the replaceable shaft assembly 200 such that the tapered attachment portion 244 formed on the chassis 240 is aligned with the dovetail slot 702 of the frame 20. It may be positioned above or adjacent to the 20 distal mounting flanges 700. The clinician then moves the shaft assembly 200 along an installation axis IA perpendicular to the shaft axis SA-SA to “operably engage” the mounting portion 244 with the corresponding dovetail receiving slot 702. May be stored. In doing so, the shaft mounting lug 226 on the intermediate firing shaft 222 is also housed in the cradle 126 of the longitudinally movable drive member 120, and the portion of the pin 37 on the second closing link 38 is located on the closing yoke 250. It is stored in the corresponding hook 252. As used herein, the term “operable engagement” in the context of two components means that when the two components are fully engaged with each other, thereby applying an actuation motion to them, It means that the component may perform the intended action, function, and / or procedure.

  As described above, at least five systems of interchangeable shaft assembly 200 can be operably coupled with at least five corresponding systems of handle 14. The first system may comprise a frame system that couples and / or aligns the frame or spine of the shaft assembly 200 with the frame 20 of the handle 14. Another system can include a closure drive system 30 that can operably connect the closure trigger 32 of the handle 14, the closure tube 260, and the anvil 306 of the shaft assembly 200. As outlined above, the closure tube mounting yoke 250 of the shaft assembly 200 can be engaged with the pin 37 of the second closure link 38. Another system can include a firing drive system 80 that can operably connect the firing trigger 130 of the handle 14 with the intermediate firing shaft 222 of the shaft assembly 200.

  As outlined above, the shaft mounting lug 226 can be operatively connected to the cradle 126 of the longitudinal drive member 120. Another system can signal that a shaft assembly, such as, for example, shaft assembly 200, is operatively engaged with handle 14, to a controller within handle 14, such as, for example, a microcontroller, and Second, an electrical system that can conduct power and / or communication signals between the shaft assembly 200 and the handle 14 can be included. For example, the shaft assembly 200 can include an electrical connector 1410 that is operably attached to the shaft circuit board 610. The electrical connector 1410 is configured to mesh with a corresponding electrical connector 1400 on the handle control board 100. Further details regarding circuitry and control systems can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,086, the entire disclosure of which is already incorporated herein by reference. The fifth system may comprise a latching system that releasably locks the shaft assembly 200 to the handle 14.

  Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 3, the handle 14 can include an electrical connector 1400 that includes a plurality of electrical contacts. Referring now to FIG. 19, the electrical connector 1400 includes, for example, a first contact 1401a, a second contact 1401b, a third contact 1401c, a fourth contact 1401d, a fifth contact 1401e, A sixth contact point 1401f can be provided. Although the illustrated embodiment utilizes six contacts, other embodiments are envisioned that may utilize more than six contacts or fewer than six contacts.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the first contact 1401a can be in electrical communication with the transistor 1408, and the contacts 1401b to 1401e can be in electrical communication with the microcontroller 1500, and the sixth contact 1401f can be in electrical communication with ground. In certain circumstances, one or more of the electrical contacts 1401b-1401e are in electrical communication with one or more output channels of the microcontroller 1500 when the handle 1042 is in a powered state. Well, it can be energized or a potential can be applied. In some situations, one or more of the electrical contacts 1401b-1401e may be in electrical communication with one or more input channels of the microcontroller 1500 and the handle 14 is powered The microcontroller 1500 can be configured to detect when a potential is applied to such electrical contacts. For example, when a shaft assembly such as the shaft assembly 200 is assembled to the handle 14, the electrical contacts 1401a to 1401f may not communicate with each other. However, when the shaft assembly is not assembled to the handle 14, the electrical contacts 1401a-1401f of the electrical connector 1400 may be exposed and in some situations one or two of the contacts 1401a-1401f. Two or more may be arranged in electrical communication with each other by chance. Such a situation can occur, for example, when one or more of the contacts 1401a-1401f are in contact with a conductive material. When this occurs, for example, the microcontroller 1500 may receive an error input and / or the shaft assembly 200 may receive an error output. To address this problem, in various situations, for example, when a shaft assembly, such as shaft assembly 200, is not attached to handle 14, handle 14 may not be powered.

  In other situations, for example, a shaft assembly, such as shaft assembly 200, can be powered to handle 1042 when not attached to handle 1042. In such a situation, the microcontroller 1500 ignores inputs or potentials applied to contacts that are in electrical communication with the microcontroller 1500, e.g., contacts 1401b-1401e, until the shaft assembly is attached to the handle 14. Can be configured to. Even if power is supplied to the microcontroller 1500 to operate other functionality of the handle 14 under such circumstances, the handle 14 may be in a powered stop state. In a sense, since the potential applied to the electrical contacts 1401b to 1401e may not affect the operation of the handle 14, the electrical connector 1400 may be in a power supply stop state. Even when the contacts 1401b to 1401e are in a power supply stop state, the readers may recognize that the electrical contacts 1401a and 1401f that are not in electrical communication with the microcontroller 1500 may or may not be in a power supply stop state. Will be understood. For example, the sixth contact 1401f may remain in electrical communication with the ground regardless of whether the handle 14 is in a power supply state or in a power supply stop state.

  Further, transistor 1408, and / or any other suitable transistor arrangement and / or switch, such as, for example, transistor 1410 may be used, for example, handle 14 regardless of whether handle 14 is powered or unpowered. It may be configured to control the supply of power from the power source 1404 such as the battery 90 inside to the first electrical contact 1401a. In various situations, the shaft assembly 200 can be configured to change the state of the transistor 1408 when, for example, the shaft assembly 200 is engaged with the handle 14. In certain circumstances, in addition to the following, the Hall effect sensor 1402 can also be configured to switch the state of the transistor 1410, which results in the transistor 1410 switching the state of the transistor 1408 and ultimately the power supply 1404. Can supply power to the first contact 1401a. In this way, for both the power supply circuit and the signal circuit up to the connector 1400, when the shaft assembly is not installed on the handle 14, power supply is stopped, and when the shaft assembly is installed on the handle 14. Power can be supplied.

  In various situations, referring again to FIG. 19, the handle 14 can include, for example, a Hall effect sensor 1402, such as when the shaft assembly is coupled to the handle 14, for example, the shaft assembly 200. Can be configured to detect a detectable element, such as a magnetic element 1407 (FIG. 3), on the shaft assembly. The Hall effect sensor 1402 can be powered by a power source 1406 such as a battery, for example. The power source 1406 actually amplifies the detection signal of the Hall effect sensor 1402 and inputs to the microcontroller 1500 via the circuit shown in FIG. Can communicate with the channel. When the microcontroller 1500 receives an input indicating that the shaft assembly is at least partially coupled to the handle 14 and, as a result, the electrical contacts 1401a-1401f are no longer exposed, the microcontroller 1500 Can enter the normal, ie power supply operating state. Under such operating conditions, the microcontroller 1500 evaluates signals transmitted from the shaft assembly to one or more of the contacts 1401b to 1401e during its normal use and / or the contacts 1401b to 1401e. Signals are transmitted to the shaft assembly through one or more of them. In various situations, the shaft assembly 200 may need to be fully retracted before the Hall effect sensor 1402 can detect the magnetic element 1407. A Hall effect sensor 1402 can be utilized to detect the presence of the shaft assembly 200, for example, to detect whether the shaft assembly is assembled to the handle 14, sensor and / or switch Any suitable system can be utilized. In this way, in addition to the above, for both the power supply circuit and the signal circuit up to the connector 1400, when the shaft assembly is not installed on the handle 14, power supply is stopped, and the shaft assembly is attached to the handle 14. When installed, power can be supplied.

  In various embodiments, any number of magnetic sensing elements may be used, for example, to detect whether the shaft assembly is assembled to the handle 14. For example, techniques used for magnetic field sensing include, among other things, probe coils, fluxgates, optical pumping, nuclear perturbation, SQUID, Hall effect, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance, magnetic tunnel junction, giant magnetic impedance, Examples include magnetostrictive / piezoelectric composites, magnetic diodes, magnetic transistors, optical fibers, magneto-optics, and microelectromechanical system based magnetic sensors.

  With reference to FIG. 19, the microcontroller 1500 may generally include a microprocessor (“processor”) and one or more memory units operably coupled to the processor. By executing the instruction code stored in the memory, the processor may control various components of the surgical instrument, such as, for example, a motor, various drive systems, and / or a user display. Controller 1500 may be implemented using integrated and / or discrete hardware elements, software elements, and / or a combination of both. Examples of integrated hardware elements are processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers, integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). , Logic gates, registers, semiconductor devices, chips, microchips, chipsets, microcontrollers, system on chip (SoC), and / or system in package (SIP). Examples of discrete hardware elements may include circuits and / or circuit elements such as logic gates, field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and / or relays. In certain examples, the microcontroller 1500 may include a hybrid circuit that includes, for example, discrete and integrated circuit elements or components on one or more substrates.

  Referring to FIG. 19, the microcontroller 1500 may be, for example, an LM 4F230H5QR available from Texas Instruments. In a specific example, Texas Instruments' LM 4F230H5QR, among other readily available characteristics, up to 40 MHz, 256 KB single cycle flash memory or other non-volatile memory on-chip memory, and performance above 40 MHz Prefetch buffer, 32KB single cycle serial random access memory (SRAM), internal read only memory (ROM) with StellarisWare (R) software, 2KB electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) ), One or more pulse width modulation (PWM) modules, one or more quadrature encoder input (QEI) analogs, and one or more with 12 analog input channels An ARM Cortex-M4F processor core with a 12-bit analog to digital converter (ADC). Other microcontrollers may be readily substituted for use with the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure should not be limited to this context.

  As described above, the handle 14 and / or the shaft assembly 200 may be contacted and / or connected to the electrical connector 1400 of the handle when the shaft assembly 200 is not assembled to the handle 14 or is not fully assembled. Systems and configurations may be included that are configured to prevent or at least reduce the likelihood of the contacts of the shaft electrical connector 1410 from shorting. Referring to FIG. 3, the electrical connector 1400 of the handle can be at least partially inserted into a cavity 1409 defined in the handle frame 20. The six contacts 1401 a-1401 f of the electrical connector 1400 can be fully inserted into the cavity 1409. Such an arrangement can reduce the likelihood that an object will accidentally contact one or more of the contacts 1401a-1401f. Similarly, the shaft electrical connector 1410 can be positioned in a recess defined in the shaft chassis 240 so that the object is in one or more of the contacts 1411a-1411f of the shaft electrical connector 1410. The possibility of accidental contact can be reduced. For the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the shaft contacts 1411a-1411f may comprise male contacts. In at least one embodiment, each shaft contact 1411a-1411f comprises a flexible protrusion extending from the shaft contact that can be configured to engage a corresponding handle contact 1401a-1401f, for example. Can do. Handle contacts 1401a-1401f may comprise female contacts. In at least one embodiment, each handle contact 1401a-1401f may comprise, for example, a flat surface, with which the male shaft contact 1401a-1401f wipes or slides, and the conductive linkage between the contacts. Can be maintained. In various examples, the direction in which the shaft assembly 200 is assembled to the handle 14 can be parallel to or at least substantially parallel to the handle contacts 1401a-1401f, whereby the shaft assembly 200. Is assembled to the handle 14, the shaft contacts 1411a to 1411f slide in contact with the handle contacts 1401a to 1401f. In various alternative embodiments, the handle contacts 1401a-1401f can comprise male contacts and the shaft contacts 1411a-1411f can comprise female contacts. In certain alternative embodiments, the handle contacts 1401a-1401f and the shaft contacts 1411a-1411f can comprise any suitable arrangement of contacts.

  In various examples, the handle 14 is a connector guard configured to at least partially cover the handle electrical connector 1400 and / or a connector configured to at least partially cover the shaft electrical connector 1410. A guard can be provided. The connector guard prevents or at least the possibility of an object from accidentally touching the contact of the electrical connector when the shaft assembly is not assembled to the handle or only partially assembled. Can be reduced. The connector guard can be movable. For example, the connector guard can be moved between a protective position that at least partially protects the connector and an unprotected position that does not protect the connector or at least slightly protects the connector. In at least one embodiment, the connector guard can be displaced as the shaft assembly is assembled to the handle. For example, if the handle includes a handle connector guard, as the shaft assembly is assembled to the handle, the shaft assembly can contact the handle connector guard and displace it. Similarly, if the shaft assembly includes a shaft connector guard, the handle can contact the shaft connector guard and displace it as the shaft assembly is assembled to the handle. In various examples, the connector guard can comprise a door, for example. In at least one example, the door can include an inclined surface that can facilitate displacement of the door in a particular direction when the handle or shaft contacts. In various examples, the connector guard can be translated and / or rotated, for example. In a particular example, the connector guard can comprise at least one film that covers the contacts of the electrical connector. When the shaft assembly is assembled to the handle, the film can be broken. In at least one example, the male contact of the connector can penetrate the film and then engages a corresponding contact positioned under the film.

  As described above, the surgical instrument can selectively power or activate contacts of an electrical connector, such as electrical connector 1400, for example. In various examples, the contact can be transitioned between an inactive state and an activated state. In a particular example, the contact can be transitioned between a monitor state, a deactivated state, and an activated state. For example, the microcontroller 1500 may monitor the contacts 1401a to 1401f when the shaft assembly is not assembled to the handle 14, for example, and one or more of the contacts 1401a to 1401f may be shorted. It can be determined whether or not there is. The microcontroller 1500 can be configured to apply a low potential to each of the contacts 1401a-1401f and estimate whether there is only a minimum resistance at each contact. Such an operating state can include a monitoring state. If the detected resistance at a contact is high or exceeds a threshold resistance, the microcontroller 1500 can deactivate that contact, more than one contact, or all contacts. Such operating states can include inactive states. If the shaft assembly is assembled to the handle 14 and it is detected by the microcontroller 1500 as described above, the microcontroller 1500 can increase the potential on the contacts 1401a-1401f. Such operating state can include an activated state.

  The various shaft assemblies disclosed herein may use sensors and various other components that require electrical communication with the controller in the housing. These shaft assemblies are generally configured to be rotatable with respect to the housing, facilitating such electrical communication between two or more components that may rotate with respect to each other. Requires connection. With an end effector of the type disclosed herein, the connector device must be relatively compact to fit into the shaft assembly connector portion while being inherently relatively robust.

  Referring to FIG. 20, a non-limiting form of end effector 300 is shown. As described above, the end effector 300 may include an anvil 306 and a staple cartridge 304. In this non-limiting embodiment, the anvil 306 is coupled to the elongated channel 198. For example, the aperture 199 can be defined in an elongate channel 198 that can receive a pin 152 extending from the anvil 306, which causes the anvil 306 to move from an open position relative to the elongate channel 198 and the staple cartridge 304. Can be pivoted to the closed position. In addition, FIG. 20 shows a firing bar 172 that is configured to translate longitudinally into the end effector 300. Firing bar 172 may be constructed from a single solid portion or, in various embodiments, may include a laminate material, including, for example, a stack of steel plates. The distal projecting end of firing bar 172 can be attached to E-beam 178, which is positioned within elongated channel 198, particularly when anvil 306 is in the closed position. The separation of the anvil 306 from the staple cartridge 304 can be assisted. The E-beam 178 can also include a sharp cutting edge 182 that can be used to break tissue as the E-beam 178 is advanced distally by the firing bar 172. In operation, the E-beam 178 can also actuate or fire the staple cartridge 304. The staple cartridge 304 can include a molded cartridge body 194 that holds a plurality of staples 191 mounted on a staple driver 192 within each upwardly opened staple cavity 195. The wedge-shaped thread 190 is driven distally by the E-beam 178 and slides on a cartridge tray 196 that holds the various components of the replaceable staple cartridge 304 together. The wedge-shaped thread 190 cams the staple driver 192 upward while severing the tissue in which the cutting surface 182 of the E-shaped beam 178 is gripped, thereby ejecting the staple 191 and deforming and contacting the anvil 306.

  In addition to the above, the E-beam 178 can include an upper pin 180 that engages the anvil 306 during firing. The E-beam 178 can further include a central pin 184 and a lower foot 186 that can engage various portions of the cartridge body 194, the cartridge tray 196, and the elongated channel 198. When the staple cartridge 304 is positioned within the elongated channel 198, the slot 193 defined in the cartridge body 194 can be aligned with the slot 197 defined in the cartridge tray 196 and the slot 189 defined in the elongated channel 198. . In use, the E-beam 178 can slide through the aligned slots 193, 197, and 189, and as shown in FIG. The center pin 184 can engage the top surface of the cartridge tray 196 along the length of the longitudinal slot 197 along the length of 189 and engage the groove that runs along the bottom surface of the channel 198. The top pin 180 can engage the anvil 306. In such a situation, as firing bar 172 is moved distally to fire staples from staple cartridge 304 and / or to dissect tissue captured between anvil 306 and staple cartridge 304, E The form beam 178 can separate the anvil 306 and the staple cartridge 304 or limit their relative movement. Thereafter, the firing bar 172 and the E-beam 178 can be retracted proximally, thereby opening the anvil 306 and releasing the two stapled and severed tissue portions (not shown). ).

  Having described the surgical instrument 10 in general terms, the various electrical / electronic components of the surgical instrument 10 will now be described in detail. Turning now to FIGS. 21A-21B, an embodiment of a segmented circuit 2000 comprising a plurality of circuit segments 2002a-2002g is shown. A segmented circuit 2000 comprising a plurality of circuit segments 2002a-2002g is configured to control a powered surgical instrument, such as, but not limited to, the surgical instrument 10 shown in FIGS. 1-18A. The plurality of circuit segments 2002a-2002g are configured to control one or more operations of the powered surgical instrument 10. The safety processor segment 2002a (segment 1) includes a safety processor 2004. The primary processor segment 2002b (segment 2) includes a primary processor 2006. The safety processor 2004 and / or the primary processor 2006 is configured to interact with one or more additional circuit segments 2002c-2002g to control the operation of the powered surgical instrument 10. Primary processor 2006 comprises a plurality of inputs coupled to, for example, one or more circuit segments 2002c-2002g, battery 2008, and / or a plurality of switches 2058a-2070. The segmentation circuit 2000 may be implemented by any suitable circuit, such as, for example, a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) within the powered surgical instrument 10. The term processor as used herein incorporates the functionality of any microprocessor, microcontroller, or computer central processing unit (CPU) on one integrated circuit or up to several integrated circuits. It should be understood to include other basic computing devices. A processor is a multipurpose programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes the data according to instructions stored in memory, and provides the results as output. This is an example of sequential digital logic since it has an internal memory. The processor operates on numbers and symbols expressed in binary notation.

  In one embodiment, main processor 2006 may be any single-core or multi-core processor, such as that known under the ARM Cortex trade name from Texas Instruments. In one embodiment, the safety processor 2004 may be a safety microcontroller platform with two microcontroller family, such as TMS570 and RM4x, also known by the names of Hercules ARM Cortex R4, also from Texas Instruments. Good. In any case, without limitation, other suitable substitutes for the microcontroller and safety processor may be used. In one embodiment, the safety processor 2004 provides, among other things, IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 to provide highly integrated safety features while providing scalable performance, connectivity, and memory options. It may be specifically configured for safety limit applications.

  In a particular example, main processor 2006 may be, for example, an LM 4F230H5QR available from Texas Instruments. In at least one example, Texas Instruments' LM4F230H5QR is a single cycle flash memory up to 40 MHz, 256 KB, or other non-volatile memory, among other characteristics readily available with respect to product data sheets, and Prefetch buffer that improves performance above 40 MHz, 32 KB single cycle SRAM, internal ROM with StellarisWare® software, 2 KB EEPROM, one or more PWM modules, one Or an ARM Cortex-M4F processor core comprising two or more QEI analogs and one or more 12-bit ADCs with 12 analog input channels. Other processors may be easily substituted and thus the present disclosure should not be limited to this context.

  In one embodiment, the segmentation circuit 2000 comprises an acceleration segment 2002c (segment 3). The acceleration segment 2002 c includes an acceleration sensor 2022. The acceleration sensor 2022 may include an accelerometer, for example. The acceleration sensor 2022 is configured to detect movement or acceleration of the electric surgical instrument 10. In some embodiments, the input from the acceleration sensor 2022 is used, for example, to transition to sleep mode, identify the orientation of the powered surgical instrument, and / or identify when the surgical instrument is dropped. The In some embodiments, the acceleration segment 2002c is coupled to the safety processor 2004 and / or the primary processor 2006.

  In one embodiment, segmentation circuit 2000 comprises display segment 2002d (segment 4). Display segment 2002 d includes a display connector 2024 coupled to primary processor 2006. Display connector 2024 couples primary processor 2006 to display 2028 through one or more display driver integrated circuits 2026. Display driver integrated circuit 2026 may be integrated with display 2028 and / or disposed separately from display 2028. Display 2028 may include any suitable display, such as, for example, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), and / or any other suitable display. In some embodiments, the display segment 2002d is coupled to the safety processor 2004.

  In some embodiments, the segmentation circuit 2000 comprises a shaft segment 2002e (segment 5). The shaft segment 2002e includes one or more controls for the shaft 2004 coupled to the surgical instrument 10 and / or one or more controls for the end effector 2006 coupled to the shaft 2004. Shaft segment 2002e includes a shaft connector 2030 configured to couple primary processor 2006 to shaft PCBA 2031. The shaft PCBA 2031 includes a first joint switch 2036, a second joint switch 2032, and a shaft PCBA EEPROM 2034. In some embodiments, shaft PCBA EEPROM 2034 includes one or more parameters, routines, and / or programs that are specific to shaft 2004 and / or shaft PCBA 2031. Shaft PCBA 2031 may be coupled to shaft 2004 and / or may be integral with surgical instrument 10. In some embodiments, the shaft segment 2002e comprises a second shaft EEPROM 2038. The second shaft EEPROM 2038 may include a plurality of algorithms, routines, parameters, and / or other corresponding to one or more shafts 2004 and / or end effectors 2006 that may be associated with the powered surgical instrument 10. Including data.

  In some embodiments, the segmentation circuit 2000 comprises a position encoder segment 2002f (segment 6). The position encoder segment 2002f includes one or more magnetic rotational position encoders 2040a-2040b. One or more magnetic rotational position encoders 2040a-2040b are configured to identify the rotational position of motor 2048, shaft 2004, and / or end effector 2006 of surgical instrument 10. In some embodiments, the magnetic rotational position encoders 2040a-2040b may be coupled to the safety processor 2004 and / or the primary processor 2006.

  In some embodiments, the segmentation circuit 2000 comprises a motor segment 2002g (segment 7). The motor segment 2002g includes a motor 2048 configured to control one or more movements of the powered surgical instrument 10. Motor 2048 is coupled to primary processor 2006 by an H-bridge driver 2042 and one or more H-bridge field effect transistors (FETs) 2044. H-bridge FET 2044 is coupled to safety processor 2004. A motor current sensor 2046 is coupled in series with the motor 2048 to measure the current draw of the motor 2048. The motor current sensor 2046 is in signal communication with the primary processor 2006 and / or the safety processor 2004. In some embodiments, the motor 2048 is coupled to a motor electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 2050.

  The segmentation circuit 2000 includes a power supply segment 2002h (segment 8). Battery 2008 is coupled to one or more of safety processor 2004, primary processor 2006, and additional circuit segments 2002c-2002g. Battery 2008 is coupled to segmented circuit 2000 by battery connector 2010 and current sensor 2012. Current sensor 2012 is configured to measure the total current draw of segmented circuit 2000. In some embodiments, one or more voltage converters 2014a, 2014b, 2016 are configured to provide a predetermined voltage value to one or more circuit segments 2002a-2002g. . For example, in some embodiments, segmentation circuit 2000 may include 3.3V voltage converters 2014a-2014b and / or 5V voltage converter 2016. The boost converter 2018 is configured to provide a boost voltage below a predetermined amount, eg, 13V or less. Boost converter 2018 is configured to provide additional voltage and / or current during power intensive operation to prevent voltage drop or low power conditions.

  In some embodiments, the safety segment 2002a includes a motor power cut-off 2020. Motor power shutoff 2020 is coupled between power supply segment 2002h and motor segment 2002g. Safety segment 2002a is configured to shut off power to motor segment 2002g when an error or fault condition is detected by safety processor 2004 and / or primary processor 2006, as discussed in further detail herein. Yes. The circuit segments 2002a-2002g are shown with all components of the circuit segments 2002a-2002h physically located close together, but the circuit segments 2002a-2002h are other configurations of the same circuit segments 2002a-2002g. One skilled in the art will recognize that an element may comprise components that are physically and / or electrically separate. In some embodiments, one or more components may be shared between two or more circuit segments 2002a-2002g.

  In some embodiments, a plurality of switches 2056-2070 are coupled to the safety processor 2004 and / or the primary processor 2006. The plurality of switches 2056-2070 controls one or more operations of the surgical instrument 10, controls one or more operations of the segmentation circuit 2000, and / or the surgical instrument 10. It may be configured to indicate a state. For example, the escape door switch 2056 is configured to indicate the state of the escape door. For example, a plurality of joint switches such as a left joint left switch 2058a, a left joint right switch 2060a, a left joint central switch 2062a, a right joint left switch 2058b, a right joint right switch 2060b, and a right joint central switch 2062b include the shaft 2004 and / or Alternatively, it is configured to control the joint motion of the end effector 2006. The left reversing switch 2064a and the right reversing switch 2064b are coupled to the primary processor 2006. In some embodiments, a left switch comprising a left joint left switch 2058a, a left joint right switch 2060a, a left joint central switch 2062a, and a left reverse switch 2064a is coupled to the primary processor 2006 by a left flexible connector 2072a. . A right switch comprising a right joint left switch 2058b, a right joint right switch 2060b, a right joint center switch 2062b, and a right reverse switch 2064b is coupled to the primary processor 2006 by a right flexible connector 2072b. In some embodiments, firing switch 2066, grasp release switch 2068, and shaft engagement switch 2070 are coupled to primary processor 2006.

  The plurality of switches 2056-2070 may comprise a plurality of handle controls mounted on, for example, the handle of the surgical instrument 10, a plurality of indicator switches, and / or any combination thereof. In various embodiments, a plurality of switches 2056-2070 allow a surgeon to manipulate the surgical instrument, provide feedback regarding the position and / or operation of the surgical instrument to the segmented circuit 2000, and / or surgical It becomes possible to show the unsafe operation of the instrument 10. In some embodiments, additional switches or fewer switches may be coupled to the segmentation circuit 2000, and one or more of the switches 2056-2070 may be combined into a single switch, And / or it may be expanded into a plurality of switches. For example, in one embodiment, one or more of the left and / or right joint switches 2058a-2064b may be combined into a single multi-position switch.

In one embodiment, safety processor 2004 is configured to implement a watchdog function, among other safety operations. The safety processor 2004 and the primary processor 2006 of the segmentation circuit 2000 are in signal communication. A microprocessor alive heartbeat signal is provided at output 2096. The acceleration segment 2002 c includes an accelerometer 2022 configured to monitor the movement of the surgical instrument 10. In various embodiments, the accelerometer 2022 may be a uniaxial, biaxial, or triaxial accelerometer. The accelerometer 2022 may be used to measure appropriate acceleration that is not necessarily coordinate acceleration (rate of change in velocity). Instead, the accelerometer looks at the acceleration associated with the phenomenon of weight experienced by a test mass that is stationary within the reference frame of accelerometer 2022. For example, the accelerometer 2022 stationary on the ground surface measures a straight upward acceleration of g = 9.8 m / s ² (gravity) by its weight. Another type of acceleration that the accelerometer 2022 can measure is g-force acceleration. In various other embodiments, the accelerometer 2022 may comprise a uniaxial, biaxial, or triaxial accelerometer. Further, the acceleration segment 2002c may include one or more inertial sensors that detect and measure acceleration, tilt, shock, vibration, rotation, and multiple degrees of freedom (DoF). A suitable inertial sensor may comprise an accelerometer (single axis, biaxial, or triaxial), a magnetometer that measures a magnetic field in space such as the earth's magnetic field, and / or a gyroscope that measures angular velocity.

  In one embodiment, safety processor 2004 is configured to implement a watchdog function with respect to one or more circuit segments 2002c-2002h, eg, motor segment 2002g. In this regard, the safety processor 2004 uses the watchdog function to detect a malfunction of the primary processor 2006 and return from there. During normal operation, the safety processor 2004 monitors the primary processor 2004 for hardware failures or program errors and initiates corrective action (s). Corrective actions may include placing the primary processor 2006 in a safe state and restoring normal system operation. In one embodiment, the safety processor 2004 is coupled to at least the first sensor. The first sensor measures a first characteristic of the surgical instrument 10. In some embodiments, the safety processor 2004 is configured to compare the measured characteristic of the surgical instrument 10 with a predetermined value. For example, in one embodiment, motor sensor 2040a is coupled to safety processor 2004. Motor sensor 2040a provides motor speed and position information to safety processor 2004. The safety processor 2004 monitors the motor sensor 2040a and compares the value to the maximum speed and / or position to prevent operation of the motor 2048 above a predetermined value. In some embodiments, the default value is a value provided by the second motor sensor 2040b in communication with the primary processor 2006 and / or from a memory module coupled to the safety processor 2004, for example, to the safety processor 2004. Calculated based on the real-time speed and / or position of the motor 2048 calculated from the provided values.

  In some embodiments, the second sensor is coupled to the primary processor 2006. The second sensor is configured to measure the first physical characteristic. Safety processor 2004 and primary processor 2006 are configured to provide signals indicative of the values of the first sensor and the second sensor, respectively. Segmentation circuit 2000 prevents operation of at least one of circuit segments 2002c-2002h, such as, for example, motor segment 2002g, when either safety processor 2004 or primary processor 2006 is indicating a value outside of an acceptable range. To do. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 21A-21B, the safety processor 2004 is coupled to a first motor position sensor 2040a and the primary processor 2006 is coupled to a second motor position sensor 2040b. The motor position sensors 2040a, 2040b may include any suitable motor position sensor such as, for example, a magnetic angular rotation input including sine and cosine outputs. Motor position sensors 2040a, 2040b provide respective signals indicative of the position of motor 2048 to safety processor 2004 and primary processor 2006.

  The safety processor 2004 and the primary processor 2006 generate an activation signal when the values of the first motor sensor 2040a and the second motor sensor 2040b are within a predetermined range. If either the primary processor 2006 or the safety processor 2004 detects a value outside the predetermined range, the activation signal is terminated and the operation of at least one circuit segment 2002c-2002h, eg, motor segment 2002g, is interrupted and / or prevented. The For example, in some embodiments, the activation signal from primary processor 2006 and the activation signal from safety processor 2004 are coupled to an AND gate. The AND gate is coupled to the motor power switch 2020. The AND gate closes the motor power switch 2020 when the activation signal from both the safety processor 2004 and the primary processor 2006 is high, indicating that the values of the motor sensors 2040a, 2040b are within a predetermined range. I.e., maintained in the on position. If either of the motor sensors 2040a, 2040b detects a value outside the predetermined range, the activation signal from the motor sensors 2040a, 2040b is set to low, the output of the AND gate is set to low, and the motor power switch 2020 is set. Is released. In some embodiments, the values of the first sensor 2040a and the second sensor 2040b are compared, for example, by the safety processor 2004 and / or the primary processor 2006. If the values of the first sensor and the second sensor are different, the safety processor 2004 and / or the primary processor 2006 may prevent operation of the motor segment 2002g.

  In some embodiments, the safety processor 2004 receives a signal indicative of the value of the second sensor 2040b and compares the second sensor value with the first sensor value. For example, in one embodiment, the safety processor 2004 is directly coupled to the first motor sensor 2040a. The second motor sensor 2040b is coupled to the primary processor 2006, whereby the value of the second motor sensor 2040b is provided to the safety processor 2004 and / or directly coupled to the safety processor 2004. The safety processor 2004 compares the value of the first motor sensor 2040 with the value of the second motor sensor 2040b. When safety processor 2004 detects a mismatch between first motor sensor 2040a and second motor sensor 2040b, safety processor 2004 may operate motor segment 2002g, for example, by turning off power to motor segment 2002g. You may block it.

  In some embodiments, the safety processor 2004 and / or the primary processor 2006 may include a first sensor 2040a configured to measure a first characteristic of the surgical instrument, and a second characteristic of the surgical instrument. Coupled to a second sensor 2040b configured to measure. The first characteristic and the second characteristic include a predetermined relationship when the surgical instrument is operating normally. The safety processor 2004 monitors the first characteristic and the second characteristic. If a value of the first characteristic and / or the second characteristic that contradicts the predetermined relationship is detected, a failure occurs. When a failure occurs, the safety processor 2004 performs at least one operation, such as preventing operation of at least one of the circuit segments, performing a predetermined operation, and / or resetting the primary processor 2006, for example. For example, if a fault is detected, the safety processor 2004 may open the motor power switch 2020 to turn off power to the motor circuit segment 2002g.

  In one embodiment, safety processor 2004 is configured to execute an independent control algorithm. In operation, safety processor 2004 is configured to monitor segmentation circuit 2000 and independently control and / or override signals from other circuit components, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The safety processor 2004 may execute a programmed algorithm based on one or more operations and / or positions of the surgical instrument 10 and / or updated or programmed on-the-fly during operation. Also good. For example, in one embodiment, the safety processor 2004 is reprogrammed with new parameters and / or safety algorithms each time a new shaft and / or end effector is coupled to the surgical instrument 10. In some embodiments, one or more safety values stored by the safety processor 2004 are replicated by the primary processor 2006. Bidirectional error detection is performed to ensure that the values and / or parameters stored by either processor 2004, 2006 are correct.

  In some embodiments, safety processor 2004 and primary processor 2006 implement a redundant safety check. Safety processor 2004 and primary processor 2006 provide periodic signals indicating normal operation. For example, during operation, safety processor 2004 may indicate to primary processor 2006 that safety processor 2004 is executing code and operating normally. The primary processor 2006 may similarly indicate to the safety processor 2004 that the primary processor 2006 is executing code and operating normally. In some embodiments, communication between the safety processor 2004 and the primary processor 2006 occurs at predetermined intervals. The predetermined interval may be constant or may be variable based on the circuit conditions and / or operation of the surgical instrument 10.

  FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a power supply assembly 2100 that includes a use cycle circuit 2102 that is configured to monitor a use cycle count of the power supply assembly 2100. The power supply assembly 2100 may be coupled to a surgical instrument 2110. The usage cycle circuit 2102 includes a processor 2104 and a usage indicator 2106. Usage indicator 2106 is configured to provide a signal to processor 2104 to indicate use of surgical instrument 2110 coupled to battery pack 2100 and / or power supply assembly 2100. “Use” includes, for example, modification of a modular component of surgical instrument 2110, deployment or firing of a disposable component coupled to surgical instrument 2110, delivery of electrosurgical energy from surgical instrument 2110, surgical Any suitable, such as readjustment of instrument 2110 and / or power supply assembly 2100, replacement of power supply assembly 2100, charging of power supply assembly 2100, and / or exceeding safety limits of surgical instrument 2110 and / or battery pack 2100 Various operations, states, and / or parameters.

  In some examples, the usage cycle, or usage, is defined by one or more power supply assembly 2100 parameters. For example, in one example, a use cycle includes using more than 5% of the total energy available from the power supply assembly 2100 when the power supply assembly 2100 is at a fully charged level. In another example, the use cycle includes a continuous energy drain from the power supply assembly 2100 that exceeds a predetermined time period. For example, a use cycle may correspond to 5 minutes of continuous and / or total energy withdrawal from the power supply assembly 2100. In some examples, the power supply assembly 2100 may provide a continuous energy draw to maintain one or more components of the usage cycle circuit 2102 in an active state, such as, for example, a usage indicator 2106 and / or a counter 2108. The use cycle circuit 2102 is provided.

  The processor 2104 maintains a usage cycle count. The usage cycle count indicates the number of uses detected by the usage indicator 2106 for the power supply assembly 2100 and / or the surgical instrument 2110. The processor 2104 may increment and / or decrement the usage cycle count based on input from the usage indicator 2106. Use cycle counting is used to control the operation of one or more of power supply assembly 2100 and / or surgical instrument 2110. For example, in some examples, the power supply assembly 2100 is disabled when the usage cycle count exceeds a predetermined usage limit. Although the examples discussed herein are discussed with respect to incrementing the usage cycle count over a predetermined usage limit, the usage cycle count may start at a predetermined amount and is decremented by the processor 2104. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. In this example, processor 2104 initiates and / or prevents one or more operations of power supply assembly 2100 when the usage cycle count falls below a predetermined usage limit.

  The usage cycle count is maintained by counter 2108. The counter 2108 comprises any suitable circuit such as, for example, a memory module, an analog counter, and / or any circuit configured to maintain a use cycle count. In some examples, the counter 2108 is formed integrally with the processor 2104. In other examples, the counter 2108 comprises a separate component, such as a solid state memory module. In some examples, the usage cycle count is provided to a remote system, such as a centralized database. The usage cycle count is communicated to the remote system by the communication module 2112. The communication module 2112 is configured to use any suitable communication medium such as wired and / or wireless communication. In some examples, the communication module 2112 is configured to receive one or more instructions from a remote system, such as a control signal, when the usage cycle count exceeds a predetermined usage limit.

  In some examples, usage indicator 2106 is configured to monitor the number of modular components used with surgical instrument 2110 coupled to power supply assembly 2100. The modular component may comprise, for example, a modular shaft, a modular end effector, and / or any other modular component. In some examples, usage indicator 2106 monitors the use of one or more disposable components such as, for example, insertion and / or deployment of a staple cartridge within an end effector coupled to surgical instrument 2110. . The usage indicator 2106 includes one or more sensors that detect replacement of one or more modular and / or disposable components of the surgical instrument 2110.

  In some examples, usage indicator 2106 is configured to monitor a single patient surgical procedure performed with power supply assembly 2100 installed. For example, the usage indicator 2106 may be configured to monitor the firing of the surgical instrument 2110 with the power supply assembly 2100 coupled to the surgical instrument 2110. Firing may correspond to the deployment of staple cartridges, application of electrosurgical energy, and / or any other suitable surgical action. The usage indicator 2106 may comprise one or more circuits that measure the number of firings with the power supply assembly 2100 installed. Usage indicator 2106 provides a signal to processor 2104 when a single patient procedure is performed, and processor 2104 increments the usage cycle count.

  In some examples, usage indicator 2106 comprises circuitry configured to monitor one or more parameters of power supply 2114, such as, for example, current draw from power supply 2114. One or more parameters of the power supply 2114 correspond to one or more operations that can be performed by the surgical instrument 2110, such as a cutting and sealing operation. Usage indicator 2106 provides one or more parameters to processor 2104 if the one or more parameters indicate that an action has been taken, thereby incrementing the usage cycle count.

  In some examples, usage indicator 2106 comprises a timing circuit configured to increment the usage cycle count after a predetermined time period. The predetermined period corresponds to a single patient treatment time, which is the time required for the operator to perform a treatment such as a cutting and sealing treatment. When power assembly 2100 is coupled to surgical instrument 2110, processor 2104 polls usage indicator 2106 to determine when a single patient treatment time has expired. When the predetermined period has elapsed, the processor 2104 increments the use cycle count. After incrementing the usage cycle count, the processor 2104 resets the timing circuit of the usage indicator 2106.

  In some examples, usage indicator 2106 includes a time constant that approximates a single patient treatment time. In one embodiment, the use cycle circuit 2102 includes a resistive-capacitance coupled (RC) timing circuit 2506. The RC timing circuit includes a time constant defined by a resistor / capacitor pair. The time constant is defined by the resistance and capacitor values. In one embodiment, the use cycle circuit 2552 comprises a rechargeable battery and a clock. When the power supply assembly 2100 is installed in a surgical instrument, the rechargeable battery is charged by the power source. The rechargeable battery includes sufficient power to run the clock for at least a single patient treatment time. The clock may comprise a real time clock, a processor configured to implement a time function, or any other suitable timing circuit.

  Referring again to FIG. 2, in some examples, usage indicator 2106 comprises a sensor configured to monitor one or more environmental conditions experienced by power supply assembly 2100. For example, the usage indicator 2106 may comprise an accelerometer. The accelerometer is configured to monitor the acceleration of the power supply assembly 2100. The power supply assembly 2100 includes a maximum allowable acceleration. An acceleration that exceeds a predetermined threshold indicates, for example, that the power supply assembly 2100 is falling. When the usage indicator 2106 detects acceleration above the maximum allowable acceleration, the processor 2104 increments the usage cycle count. In some examples, usage indicator 2106 includes a moisture sensor. The moisture sensor is configured to indicate when the power supply assembly 2100 is exposed to moisture. The moisture sensor is, for example, an immersion sensor configured to indicate when the power supply assembly 2100 is fully immersed in the cleaning fluid, indicating when moisture is in contact with the power supply assembly 2100 during use. And / or any other suitable moisture sensor may be provided.

  In some examples, usage indicator 2106 comprises a chemical exposure sensor. The chemical exposure sensor is configured to indicate when the power supply assembly 2100 is in contact with harmful and / or hazardous chemicals. For example, inappropriate chemicals may be used during the sterilization procedure, which can lead to degradation of the power supply assembly 2100. The processor 2104 increments the usage cycle count when the usage indicator 2106 detects an inappropriate chemical.

  In some examples, use cycle circuit 2102 is configured to monitor the number of reconditioning cycles experienced by power supply assembly 2100. The readjustment cycle may include, for example, a wash cycle, a sterilization cycle, a charge cycle, regular and / or preventive maintenance, and / or any other suitable readjustment cycle. Usage indicator 2106 is configured to detect a readjustment cycle. For example, the usage indicator 2106 may include a moisture sensor that detects a cleaning and / or sterilization cycle. In some examples, usage cycle circuit 2102 monitors the number of reconditioning cycles experienced by power supply assembly 2100 and disables power supply assembly 2100 after the number of reconditioning cycles exceeds a predetermined threshold. To do.

  The use cycle circuit 2102 may be configured to monitor the number of replacements of the power supply assembly 2100. The usage cycle circuit 2102 increments the usage cycle count each time the power supply assembly 2100 is replaced. If the maximum number of replacements is exceeded, the use cycle circuit 2102 locks out the power supply assembly 2100 and / or the surgical instrument 2110. In some examples, when the power supply assembly 2100 is coupled to the surgical instrument 2110, the use cycle circuit 2102 identifies the serial number of the power supply assembly 2100 and the power supply assembly 2100 can be used with the surgical instrument 2110 only. The power assembly 2100 is locked. In some examples, usage cycle circuit 2102 increments the usage cycle each time power supply assembly 2100 is removed from and / or coupled to surgical instrument 2110.

  In some examples, the use cycle count corresponds to sterilization of the power supply assembly 2100. Usage indicator 2106 is a sensor configured to detect one or more parameters of the sterilization cycle, such as, for example, temperature parameters, chemical parameters, moisture parameters, and / or any other suitable parameters. Prepare. The processor 2104 increments the use cycle count when a sterilization parameter is detected. The use cycle circuit 2102 disables the power supply assembly 2100 after a predetermined number of sterilizations. In some examples, the use cycle circuit 2102 resets a voltage sensor that detects a charge cycle and / or any suitable sensor during a sterilization cycle. The processor 2104 increments the use cycle count when a readjustment cycle is detected. The use cycle circuit 2102 is disabled when a sterilization cycle is detected. The use cycle circuit 2102 is reactivated and / or reset when the power supply assembly 2100 is coupled to the surgical instrument 2110. In some examples, the usage indicator includes a zero power indicator. The zero power indicator changes state during the sterilization cycle and is checked by the processor 2104 when the power supply assembly 2100 is coupled to the surgical instrument 2110. If the zero power indicator indicates that a sterilization cycle is occurring, the processor 2104 increments the use cycle count.

  Counter 2108 maintains a usage cycle count. In some examples, the counter 2108 comprises a non-volatile memory module. The processor 2104 increments the usage cycle count stored in the non-volatile memory module each time a usage cycle is detected. The memory module may be accessed by the processor 2104 and / or a control circuit, such as the control circuit 200, for example. When the usage cycle count exceeds a predetermined threshold, the processor 2104 disables the power supply assembly 2100. In some examples, the usage cycle count is maintained by multiple circuit components. For example, in one example, the counter 2108 comprises a resistor (or fuse) pack. After each use of the power supply assembly 2100, the resistance (or fuse) burns to the open position and the resistance of the resistance pack changes. The power supply assembly 2100 and / or surgical instrument 2110 reads the remaining resistance. When the last resistance of the resistance pack burns out, the resistance pack has a predetermined resistance, such as an infinite resistance corresponding to an open circuit, indicating that the power supply assembly 2100 has reached its service limit. In some examples, the resistance of the resistance pack is used to derive the remaining number of uses.

  In some examples, usage cycle circuit 2102 prevents further use of power supply assembly 2100 and / or surgical instrument 2110 when the usage cycle count exceeds a predetermined usage limit. In one example, the use cycle count associated with the power supply assembly 2100 is provided to the operator, for example, utilizing a screen integrally formed with the surgical instrument 2110. Surgical instrument 2110 provides an indication to the operator that the usage cycle count has exceeded a predetermined limit of power supply assembly 2100 and prevents further operation of surgical instrument 2110.

  In some examples, usage cycle circuit 2102 is configured to physically prevent operation when a predetermined usage limit is reached. For example, the power supply assembly 2100 may include a shield configured to be deployed over the contacts of the power supply assembly 2100 when a usage cycle count exceeds a predetermined usage limit. The shield prevents the power supply assembly 2100 from being charged and used by covering the electrical connections of the power supply assembly 2100.

  In some examples, usage cycle circuit 2102 is at least partially disposed within surgical instrument 2110 and is configured to maintain a usage cycle count of surgical instrument 2110. FIG. 22 illustrates alternative positioning of the use cycle circuit 2102 with one or more components of the use cycle circuit 2102 within the surgical instrument 2110 shown in phantom. When the predetermined usage limit of the surgical instrument 2110 is exceeded, the use cycle circuit 2102 disables the surgical instrument 2110 and / or prevents its operation. The usage cycle count is based on, for example, the firing of the surgical instrument 2110, a predetermined period corresponding to a single patient treatment time, one or more motor parameters of the surgical instrument 2110, one or more. Incremented by the usage cycle circuit 2102 when the usage indicator 2106 detects a particular event and / or requirement, such as a response to system diagnostics indicating that a predetermined threshold is met, and / or any other suitable requirement Is done. As described above, in some examples, usage indicator 2106 includes a timing circuit that corresponds to a single patient treatment time. In other examples, usage indicator 2106 comprises one or more sensors configured to detect certain events and / or conditions of surgical instrument 2110.

  In some examples, the usage cycle circuit 2102 is configured to prevent operation of the surgical instrument 2110 after reaching a predetermined usage limit. In some examples, the surgical instrument 2110 includes a visual indicator that indicates when a predetermined usage limit has been reached and / or exceeded. For example, a flag, such as a red flag, may pop out of the surgical instrument 2110, such as from a handle, to provide the operator with a visual indication that the surgical instrument 2110 has exceeded a predetermined use limit. As another example, use cycle circuit 2102 may be coupled to a display that is integrally formed with surgical instrument 2110. The usage cycle circuit 2102 displays a message indicating that a predetermined usage limit has been exceeded. Surgical instrument 2110 may provide an audible indication to the operator that a predetermined usage limit has been exceeded. For example, in one example, surgical instrument 2110 emits an audible sound when a predetermined usage limit is exceeded, and power supply assembly 2100 is removed from surgical instrument 2110. The audible sound indicates the last use of the surgical instrument 2110 and indicates that the surgical instrument 2110 should be discarded or reconditioned.

  In some examples, usage cycle circuit 2102 is configured to communicate the usage cycle count of surgical instrument 2110 to a remote location, such as a centralized database. The use cycle circuit 2102 includes a communication module 2112 configured to communicate a use cycle count to a remote location. The communication module 2112 may utilize any suitable communication system such as a wired or wireless communication system. The remote location may comprise a centralized database configured to maintain usage information. In some examples, when the power supply assembly 2100 is coupled to the surgical instrument 2110, the power supply assembly 2100 records the serial number of the surgical instrument 2110. The serial number is communicated to the centralized database, for example, when the power supply assembly 2100 is coupled to the charger. In some examples, the centralized database maintains a count corresponding to each use of the surgical instrument 2110. For example, each time the surgical instrument 2110 is used, a barcode associated with the surgical instrument 2110 may be scanned. When the usage count exceeds a predetermined usage limit, the centralized database provides a signal to the surgical instrument 2110 indicating that the surgical instrument 2110 should be disposed of.

  Surgical instrument 2110 may be configured to lock and / or prevent operation of surgical instrument 2110 if the usage cycle count exceeds a predetermined usage limit. In some examples, the surgical instrument 2110 includes a disposable instrument and is disposed after the use cycle count exceeds a predetermined use limit. In other examples, the surgical instrument 2110 includes a reusable surgical instrument that may be readjusted after a usage cycle count exceeds a predetermined usage limit. Surgical instrument 2110 initiates a reversible lockout after predetermined usage limits are met. The technician, for example, utilizes a dedicated technician key configured to reset the use cycle circuit 2102 to readjust the surgical instrument 2110 and release the lockout.

  In some embodiments, segmentation circuit 2000 is configured for sequential activation. An error check is performed by each circuit segment 2002a-2002g before energizing the next sequential circuit segment 2002a-2002g. FIG. 23 illustrates one embodiment of a process for sequentially energizing a segmentation circuit 2270, such as segmentation circuit 2000, for example. When battery 2008 is coupled to segmentation circuit 2000, safety processor 2004 is energized (2272). The safety processor 2004 performs a self error check (2274). If an error is detected (2276a), the safety processor stops energization of the segmentation circuit 2000 and generates an error code (2278a). If no error is detected (2276b), the safety processor 2004 starts powering the primary processor 2006 (2278b). The primary processor 2006 performs a self error check. If no error is detected, the primary processor 2006 begins sequential powering of each of the remaining circuit segments (2278b). The primary processor 2006 energizes each circuit segment for error checking. If no error is detected, the next circuit segment is energized (2278b). If an error is detected, the safety processor 2004 and / or primary process stops energizing the current segment and generates an error (2278a). Sequential activation continues until all circuit segments 2002a-2002g are energized. In some embodiments, segmentation circuit 2000 transitions from sleep mode after a similar sequential powering process 11250.

  FIG. 24 illustrates one embodiment of a power supply segment 2302 comprising a plurality of daisy chained power converters 2314, 2316, 2318. The power supply segment 2302 includes a battery 2308. The battery 2308 is configured to provide a source voltage such as 12V, for example. A current sensor 2312 is coupled to the battery 2308 to monitor the current draw of the segmented circuit and / or one or more circuit segments. Current sensor 2312 is coupled to FET switch 2313. Battery 2308 is coupled to one or more voltage converters 2309, 2314, 2316. An always on converter 2309 provides a constant voltage to one or more circuit components, eg, motion sensor 2322. The always connected converter 2309 is, for example, a 3.3V converter. Always-on converter 2309 may provide a constant voltage to additional circuit components, such as a safety processor (not shown). Battery 2308 is coupled to boost converter 2318. Boost converter 2318 is configured to provide a boost voltage that exceeds the voltage provided by battery 2308. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, battery 2308 provides a voltage of 12V. The boost converter 2318 is configured to boost the voltage to 13V. Boost converter 2318 is configured to maintain a minimum voltage during operation of a surgical instrument, eg, surgical instrument 10 shown in FIGS. The operation of the motor can cause the power provided to the primary processor 2306 to drop below a minimum threshold, creating a voltage reduction or reset state for the primary processor 2306. Boost converter 2318 ensures that sufficient power is available to primary processor 2306 and / or other circuit components such as motor controller 2343 during operation of surgical instrument 10. In some embodiments, boost converter 2318 is coupled directly to one or more circuit components, such as OLED display 2388, for example.

  Boost converter 2318 is coupled to one or more down converters to provide a voltage below the boost voltage level. The first voltage converter 2316 is coupled to the boost converter 2318 and provides a first step-down voltage to one or more circuit components. In the illustrated embodiment, the first voltage converter 2316 provides a voltage of 5V. The first voltage converter 2316 is coupled to the rotational position encoder 2340. The FET switch 2317 is coupled between the first voltage converter 2316 and the rotational position encoder 2340. The FET switch 2317 is controlled by the processor 2306. The processor 2306 opens the FET switch 2317 to deactivate the position encoder 2340, for example during power intensive operation. The first voltage converter 2316 is coupled to a second voltage converter 2314 configured to provide a second step-down voltage. The second step-down voltage includes, for example, 3.3V. Second voltage converter 2314 is coupled to processor 2306. In some embodiments, boost converter 2318, first voltage converter 2316, and second voltage converter 2314 are coupled in a daisy chain configuration. A daisy chain configuration allows the use of smaller and more efficient converters that produce voltage levels below the boost voltage level. However, embodiments are not limited to the specific voltage ranges described in the context of this specification.

  FIG. 25 illustrates one embodiment of a segmentation circuit 2400 configured to maximize power available for critical and / or power intensive functions. The segmentation circuit 2400 includes a battery 2408. The battery 2408 is configured to provide a source voltage such as 12V. The source voltage is provided to a plurality of voltage converters 2409, 2418. Always-on voltage converter 2409 provides a constant voltage to one or more circuit components, such as motion sensor 2422 and safety processor 2404, for example. Always connected voltage converter 2409 is coupled directly to battery 2408. The always-on converter 2409 provides a voltage of 3.3V, for example. However, embodiments are not limited to the specific voltage ranges described in the context of this specification.

  Segmentation circuit 2400 includes a boost converter 2418. Boost converter 2418 provides a boost voltage above the source voltage provided by battery 2408, such as 13V, for example. Boost converter 2418 provides boost voltage directly to one or more circuit components, such as, for example, OLED display 2488 and motor controller 2443. By directly coupling OLED display 2488 to boost converter 2418, segmentation circuit 2400 eliminates the need for a power converter dedicated to OLED display 2488. Boost converter 2418 provides boost voltage to motor controller 2443 and motor 2448 during one or more power intensive operations of motor 2448, such as a disconnect operation. Boost converter 2418 is coupled to down converter 2416. The down converter 2416 is configured to provide a voltage below the boost voltage to one or more circuit components, such as 5V, for example. Down converter 2416 is coupled to, for example, FET switch 2451 and position encoder 2440. FET switch 2451 is coupled to primary processor 2406. Primary processor 2406 opens FET switch 2451 when transitioning segmentation circuit 2400 to sleep mode and / or during a power intensive function requiring additional voltage delivered to motor 2448. When the FET switch 2451 is opened, the position encoder 2440 is deactivated and the power draw of the position encoder 2440 is eliminated. However, embodiments are not limited to the specific voltage ranges described in the context of this specification.

  Down converter 2416 is coupled to linear converter 2414. The linear converter 2414 is configured to provide a voltage of, for example, 3.3V. Linear converter 2414 is coupled to primary processor 2406. Linear converter 2414 provides an operating voltage to primary processor 2406. The linear converter 2414 may be coupled to one or more additional circuit components. However, embodiments are not limited to the specific voltage ranges described in the context of this specification.

  Segmenting circuit 2400 includes an escape switch 2456. Escape switch 2456 is coupled to the escape door of surgical instrument 10. Escape switch 2456 and safety processor 2404 are coupled to AND gate 2419. AND gate 2419 provides an input to FET switch 2413. When escape switch 2456 detects an escape condition, escape switch 2456 provides an escape stop signal to AND gate 2419. When safety processor 2404 detects an unsafe condition, such as due to a sensor mismatch, safety processor 2404 provides a stop signal to AND gate 2419. In some embodiments, both the escape stop signal and the stop signal are high during normal operation and low when an escape condition or an unsafe condition is detected. When the output of the AND gate 2419 is low, the FET switch 2413 is opened and the operation of the motor 2448 is prevented. In some embodiments, safety processor 2404 utilizes a stop signal to transition motor 2448 to the sleep mode off state. A third input to FET switch 2413 is provided by a current sensor 2412 coupled to battery 2408. Current sensor 2412 monitors the current drawn by circuit 2400 and opens FET switch 2413 to shut off power to motor 2448 when a current exceeding a predetermined threshold is detected. FET switch 2413 and motor controller 2443 are coupled to a bank of FET switches 2445 that are configured to control the operation of motor 2448.

  Motor current sensor 2446 is coupled in series with motor 2448 to provide motor current sensor readings to current monitor 2447. Current monitor 2447 is coupled to primary processor 2406. The current monitor 2447 provides a signal indicating the current draw of the motor 2448. The primary processor 2406 utilizes the signal from the motor current 2447 to control, for example, the operation of the motor to ensure that the current draw of the motor 2448 is within an acceptable range, One or more other parameters of circuit 2400, such as position encoder 2440, may be compared and / or one or more parameters of the treatment site may be determined. In some embodiments, current monitor 2447 may be coupled to safety processor 2404.

  In some embodiments, activation of one or more handles controls, for example, a firing trigger, etc., for one or more components with the handle control activated by the primary processor 2406. Reduce power. For example, in one embodiment, the firing trigger controls the firing stroke of the cutting member. The cutting member is driven by a motor 2448. Actuation of the firing trigger results in forward movement of the motor 2448 and advancement of the cutting member. During launch, primary processor 2406 closes FET switch 2451 and removes power from position encoder 2440. By deactivating one or more circuit components, higher power can be delivered to the motor 2448. When the firing trigger is released, full power to the deactivated component is restored, for example by closing FET switch 2451 and reactivating position encoder 2440.

  In some embodiments, safety processor 2404 controls the operation of segmentation circuit 2400. For example, safety processor 2404 may initiate sequential powering of segmentation circuit 2400, transition segmentation circuit 2400 to and from sleep mode, and / or one or two from primary processor 2406. The above control signal may be overridden. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, safety processor 2404 is coupled to down converter 2416. The safety processor 2404 controls the operation of the segmentation circuit 2400 by activating or deactivating the down converter 2416 to provide power to the rest of the segmentation circuit 2400.

FIG. 26 illustrates one embodiment of a power system 2500 comprising a plurality of daisy chained power converters 2514, 2516, 2518 configured to be energized sequentially. A plurality of daisy chained power converters 2514, 2516, 2518 may be activated sequentially, for example by a safety processor, during the initial powering and / or transition from sleep mode. The safety processor may be powered by an independent power converter (not shown). For example, in one embodiment, when the battery voltage V _BATT is coupled to the power system 2500 and / or the accelerometer detects movement in sleep mode, the safety processor may daisy chained power converters 2514, 2516. , 2518 starts a sequential start. The safety processor activates the 13V boost section 2518. The boost section 2518 is energized and performs a self check. In some embodiments, the boost section 2518 comprises an integrated circuit 2520 configured to boost the source voltage and perform self-checking. Diode D prevents 5V power supply section 2516 from powering until boost section 2518 completes the self-check and provides a signal to diode D indicating that boost section 2518 has not identified any errors. In some embodiments, this signal is provided by a safety processor. However, embodiments are not limited to the specific voltage ranges described in the context of this specification.

  The 5V power supply section 2516 is powered sequentially after the boost section 2518. The 5V power supply section 2516 performs a self-check during power feeding and identifies any errors in the 5V power supply section 2516. The 5V power supply section 2516 includes an integrated circuit 2515 configured to provide a step-down voltage from the boost voltage and perform error checking. If no error is detected, the 5V power supply partition 2516 completes the sequential powering and provides an activation signal to the 3.3V power supply partition 2514. In some embodiments, the safety processor provides an activation signal to the 3.3V power supply section 2514. The 3.3V power supply section includes an integrated circuit 2513 configured to provide a step-down voltage from the 5V power supply section 2516 and perform self-error checking during power feeding. If no error is detected during the self-check, the 3.3V power supply partition 2514 provides power to the primary processor. The primary processor is configured to energize each of the remaining circuit segments sequentially. By sequentially energizing the power system 2500 and / or the rest of the segmentation circuit, the power system 2500 reduces the risk of errors and enables stabilization of the voltage level before the load is applied, with a large current draw. Prevents all hardware from being turned on simultaneously in an uncontrolled manner. However, embodiments are not limited to the specific voltage ranges described in the context of this specification.

  In one embodiment, power supply system 2500 includes overvoltage identification and mitigation circuitry. The overvoltage identification and mitigation circuit is configured to detect a unipolar return current in the surgical instrument and shut off power from the power supply segment when the unipolar return current is detected. The overvoltage identification and mitigation circuit is configured to identify ground floatation of the power system. The overvoltage identification and mitigation circuit comprises a metal oxide varistor. The overvoltage identification and mitigation circuit comprises at least one transient voltage suppression diode.

  FIG. 27 illustrates one embodiment of a segmentation circuit 2600 that includes an isolation control section 2602. Isolation control partition 2602 isolates the control hardware of segmentation circuit 2600 from the power supply partition (not shown) of segmentation circuit 2600. The control section 2602 includes, for example, a primary processor 2606, a safety processor (not shown), and / or additional control hardware, such as an FET switch 2617. The power supply section comprises, for example, a motor, a motor driver, and / or a plurality of motor MOSFETs. Isolation control section 2602 includes a charging circuit 2603 and a rechargeable battery 2608 coupled to a 5V power converter 2616. Charging circuit 2603 and rechargeable battery 2608 isolate primary processor 2606 from the power supply compartment. In some embodiments, the rechargeable battery 2608 is coupled to a safety processor and any additional support hardware. By isolating the control compartment 2602 from the power supply compartment, the control compartment 2602, eg, the primary processor 2606, can remain active even when the main power source is removed, controlling noise through the rechargeable battery 2608. A filter away from the compartment 2602 is provided, the control compartment 2602 is isolated from significant battery voltage swings to ensure proper operation even during heavy motor loads, and / or the segmentation circuit 2600 can be operated in real time. The system (RTOS) can be used. In some embodiments, the rechargeable battery 2608 provides a step-down voltage, such as 3.3V, to the primary processor. However, embodiments are not limited to the specific voltage ranges described in the context of this specification.

Use of Multiple Sensors, One Sensor Affects Output or Interpretation of a Second Sensor FIG. 28 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3000 that includes a first sensor 3008a and a second sensor 3008b. End effector 3000 is similar to end effector 300 described above. End effector 3000 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3002 that is pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3004. Second jaw member 3004 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3006 therein. The staple cartridge 3006 includes a plurality of staples (not shown). A plurality of staples can be deployed from the staple cartridge 3006 during a surgical operation. The end effector 3000 includes a first sensor 3008a. The first sensor 3008a is configured to measure one or more parameters of the end effector 3000. For example, in one embodiment, the first sensor 3008a is configured to measure the gap 3010 between the anvil 3002 and the second jaw member 3004. The first sensor 3008a may comprise, for example, a Hall effect sensor configured to detect a magnetic field generated by the magnet 3012 embedded in the second jaw member 3004 and / or the staple cartridge 3006. As another example, in one embodiment, the first sensor 3008a may be connected to the anvil 3002 by the second jaw member 3004 and / or by tissue grasped between the anvil 3002 and the second jaw member 3004. Is configured to measure one or more forces exerted on the.

  The end effector 3000 includes a second sensor 3008b. The second sensor 3008b is configured to measure one or more parameters of the end effector 3000. For example, in various embodiments, the second sensor 3008b may comprise a strain gauge configured to measure the amplitude of strain of the anvil 3002 during the post-gripping state. The strain gauge provides an electrical signal that varies in magnitude with the amplitude of the strain. In various embodiments, for example, the first sensor 3008a and / or the second sensor 3008b may be a magnetic sensor such as a Hall effect sensor, a strain gauge, a pressure sensor, a force sensor, an inductive sensor such as an eddy current sensor, A resistance sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and / or any other suitable sensor for measuring one or more parameters of the end effector 3000 may be provided. The first sensor 3008a and the second sensor 3008b may be arranged in a series configuration and / or a parallel configuration. In a series configuration, the second sensor 3008b may be configured to directly affect the output of the first sensor 3008a. In a parallel configuration, the second sensor 3008b may be configured to indirectly affect the output of the first sensor 3008a.

  In one embodiment, One or more parameters measured by the first sensor 3008a are: Associated with one or more parameters measured by the second sensor 3008b. For example, In one embodiment, The first sensor 3008a It is configured to measure a gap 3010 between the anvil 3002 and the second jaw member 3004. The gap 3010 is It represents the thickness and / or compressibility of the tissue portion grasped between the anvil 3002 and the staple cartridge 3006. The first sensor 3008a For example, Configured to detect a magnetic field generated by a magnet 3012 coupled to the second jaw member 3004 and / or the staple cartridge 3006; A Hall effect sensor may be included. By measuring at a single location, While the compressed tissue thickness is accurately accounted for against a calibrated full bit of tissue, When the partial bite of tissue is located between the anvil 3002 and the second jaw member 3004, Inaccurate results may be produced. Partial biting of the tissue Either the proximal partial bite or the distal partial bite, The gripping geometry of the anvil 3002 is changed.

  In some embodiments, the second sensor 3008b may include one or more indicating a type of tissue engulfment, such as full engulfment, partial proximal engulfment, and / or partial distal engulfment. It is configured to detect the parameters. The measurement of the second sensor 3008b adjusts the measurement of the first sensor 3008a to accurately represent the true compressed tissue thickness in the partial bite positioned proximally or distally. May be used. For example, in one embodiment, the second sensor 3008b comprises a strain gauge, such as a micro strain gauge, configured to monitor the amplitude of strain in the anvil during the post-gripping state. The strain amplitude of the anvil 3002 can be used to output the output of the first sensor 3008a, eg, the Hall effect sensor, to accurately represent the true compressed tissue thickness at the proximal or distal partial bite. Used to modify. The first sensor 3008a and the second sensor 3008b may be measured in real time during the gripping operation. Real-time measurements allow time-based information to be analyzed, for example by the primary processor 2006, and one to dynamically adjust tissue thickness measurements by recognizing tissue features and grip positioning. Or it can be used to select more than one algorithm and / or lookup table.

  In some embodiments, the thickness measurement of the first sensor 3008a may be provided to the output device of the surgical instrument 10 coupled to the end effector 3000. For example, in one embodiment, the end effector 3000 is coupled to a surgical instrument 10 that includes a display 2028. The measured value of the first sensor 3008a is provided to the processor, for example to the primary processor 2006. The primary processor 2006 adjusts the measurement value of the first sensor 3008a based on the measurement value of the second sensor 3008b to determine the true tissue thickness of the tissue portion grasped between the anvil 3002 and the staple cartridge 3006. To reflect. Primary processor 2006 outputs the adjusted tissue thickness measurements and full or partial bite indications to display 2028. The operator may determine whether or not to deploy staples in the staple cartridge 3006 based on the displayed value.

  In some embodiments, the first sensor 3008a and the second sensor 3008b include, for example, the first sensor 3008a is located at a treatment site within the patient's body and the second sensor 3008b is located outside the patient's body. It may be arranged in different environments. The second sensor 3008b may be configured to calibrate and / or correct the output of the first sensor 3008a. The first sensor 3008a and / or the second sensor 3008b may include an environmental sensor, for example. The environmental sensor may comprise, for example, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and / or any other suitable environmental sensor.

  FIG. 29 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3020 for adjusting the measurement value of the first sensor 3008a based on the input from the second sensor 3008b. The first signal is captured by the first sensor 3008a (3022a). The first signal 3022a may be adjusted based on one or more predetermined parameters, such as, for example, a smoothing function, a look-up table, and / or any other suitable adjustment parameter. The second signal is captured by the second sensor 3008b (3022b). The second signal 3022b may be adjusted based on one or more predefined adjustment parameters. The first signal 3022a and the second signal 3022b are provided to a processor, such as the primary processor 2006, for example. The processor 2006 adjusts the measured value of the first sensor 3022a, as represented by the first signal 3022a, based on the second signal 3022b from the second sensor. For example, in one embodiment, the first sensor 3022a comprises a Hall effect sensor and the second sensor 3022b comprises a strain gauge. The distance measurement of the first sensor 3022a is adjusted by the strain amplitude measured by the second sensor 3022b to determine the completeness of tissue encroachment in the end effector 3000. The adjusted measurement is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 30 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3030 that determines a lookup table for the first sensor 3008a based on input from the second sensor 3008b. The first sensor 3008a captures a signal indicative of one or more parameters of the end effector 3000 (3022a). The first signal 3022a may be adjusted based on one or more predetermined parameters, such as, for example, a smoothing function, a look-up table, and / or any other suitable adjustment parameter. The second signal is captured by the second sensor 3008b (3022b). The second signal 3022b may be adjusted based on one or more predefined adjustment parameters. The first signal 3022a and the second signal 3022b are provided to a processor, such as the primary processor 2006, for example. The processor 2006 selects a lookup table from one or more available lookup tables 3034a, 3034b based on the value of the second signal. The selected look-up table is used to convert the first signal into a tissue thickness measurement located between the anvil 3002 and the staple cartridge 3006. The adjusted measurement is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 31 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3040 for calibrating the first sensor 3008a in response to input from the second sensor 3008b. The first sensor 3008a is configured to capture a signal indicative of one or more parameters of the end effector 3000 (3022a). The first signal 3022a may be adjusted based on one or more predetermined parameters, such as, for example, a smoothing function, a look-up table, and / or any other suitable adjustment parameter. The second signal is captured by the second sensor 3008b (3022b). The second signal 3022b may be adjusted based on one or more predefined adjustment parameters. The first signal 3022a and the second signal 3022b are provided to a processor, such as the primary processor 2006, for example. Primary processor 2006 calibrates first signal 3022a in response to second signal 3022b (3042). The first signal 3022a is calibrated (3042) to reflect the integrity of tissue encroachment at the end effector 3000. The calibrated signal is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 32A is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3050 that determines and displays the thickness of the tissue portion grasped between the anvil 3002 of the end effector 3000 and the staple cartridge 3006. Process 3050 includes obtaining Hall effect voltage 3052, for example, through a Hall effect sensor located at the distal tip of anvil 3002. Hall effect voltage 3052 is provided to analog-to-digital converter 3054 and converted to a digital signal. The digital signal is provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The primary processor 2006 calibrates the curve input of the Hall effect voltage 3052 signal (3056). A strain gauge 3058, such as a micro strain gauge, is configured to measure one or more parameters of the end effector 3000, such as, for example, the amplitude of strain exerted on the anvil 3002 during a gripping operation. . The measured distortion is converted 3060 to a digital signal and provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. Primary processor 2006 adjusts Hall effect voltage 3052 using one or more algorithms and / or look-up tables in response to the strain measured by strain gauge 3058 to provide anvil 3002 and staple cartridge. Reflects the true thickness of the tissue gripped by 3006 and its complete bite. The adjusted thickness is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  In some embodiments, the surgical instrument can further comprise a load cell or sensor 3082. The load sensor 3082 can be disposed, for example, in the shaft assembly 200 described above or in the housing 12 described above. FIG. 32B is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3070 that determines and displays the thickness of the tissue portion grasped between the anvil 3002 of the end effector 3000 and the staple cartridge 3006. The process includes obtaining Hall effect voltage 3072, for example, through a Hall effect sensor located at the distal tip of anvil 3002. Hall effect voltage 3072 is provided to analog-to-digital converter 3074 and converted to a digital signal. The digital signal is provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The primary processor 2006 calibrates the curve input of the Hall effect voltage 3072 signal (3076). A strain gauge 3078, such as a micro strain gauge, is configured to measure one or more parameters of the end effector 3000, such as, for example, the amplitude of strain exerted on the anvil 3002 during a gripping operation. . The measured distortion is converted 3080 into a digital signal and provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The load sensor 3082 measures the gripping force of the anvil 3002 with respect to the staple cartridge 3006. The measured gripping force is converted to a digital signal (3084) and provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. Primary processor 2006 uses one or more algorithms and / or look-up tables to respond to the strain measured by strain gauge 3078 and the gripping force measured by load sensor 3082. 3072 is adjusted to reflect the true thickness of the tissue grasped by the anvil 3002 and the staple cartridge 3006 and its bite completeness. The adjusted thickness is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 33 is a graph 3090 illustrating a comparison of the adjusted Hall effect thickness measurement 3094 with an uncorrected Hall effect thickness measurement 3092. Since a single sensor cannot compensate for distal / proximal partial encroachment, resulting in inaccurate thickness measurements, as shown in FIG. Effective thickness measurement 3092 indicates a thicker tissue measurement. The adjusted thickness measurement 3094 is generated, for example, by the process 3050 shown in FIG. 32A. The Hall effect thickness measurement 3092 is calibrated based on input from one or more additional sensors, such as a strain gauge. The adjusted Hall effect thickness 3094 reflects the true thickness of the tissue located between the anvil 3002 and the staple cartridge 3006.

  FIG. 34 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3100 that includes a first sensor 3108a and a second sensor 3108b. The end effector 3100 is similar to the end effector 3000 shown in FIG. End effector 3100 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3102 that is pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3104. Second jaw member 3104 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3106 therein. End effector 3100 includes a first sensor 3108 a coupled to an anvil 3102. The first sensor 3108a is configured to measure one or more parameters of the end effector 3100, such as a gap 3110 between the anvil 3102 and the staple cartridge 3106, for example. The gap 3110 may correspond to, for example, the thickness of the tissue grasped between the anvil 3102 and the staple cartridge 3106. The first sensor 3108a may comprise any suitable sensor that measures one or more parameters of the end effector. For example, in various embodiments, the first sensor 3108a may be a magnetic sensor such as a Hall effect sensor, an inductive sensor such as a strain gauge, a pressure sensor, an eddy current sensor, a resistance sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and / or any Other suitable sensors may also be included.

  In some embodiments, the end effector 3100 includes a second sensor 3108b. The second sensor 3108 b is coupled to the second jaw member 3104 and / or the staple cartridge 3106. The second sensor 3108b is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3100. For example, in some embodiments, the second sensor 3108b may include, for example, the color of the staple cartridge 3106 coupled to the second jaw member 3104, the length of the staple cartridge 3106, the gripping state of the end effector 3100, the end It is configured to detect one or more instrument states, such as the number of uses of effector 3100 and / or staple cartridge 3106 / number of remaining uses, and / or any other suitable instrument state. The second sensor 3108b is a magnetic sensor such as a Hall effect sensor, an inductive sensor such as a strain gauge, a pressure sensor, an eddy current sensor, a resistance sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and / or any other suitable sensor, etc. Any suitable sensor that detects one or more instrument conditions may be provided.

  End effector 3100 may be used in conjunction with any of the processes shown in FIGS. For example, in one embodiment, the input from the second sensor 3108b may be used to calibrate the input of the first sensor 3108a. The second sensor 3108b may be configured to detect one or more parameters of the staple cartridge 3106, such as, for example, the color and / or length of the staple cartridge 3106. The detected parameters, such as the color and / or length of the staple cartridge 3106, can be, for example, the height of the cartridge deck, the usable / optimal tissue thickness for the staple cartridge, and / or the pattern of staples within the staple cartridge 3106. May correspond to one or more characteristics of the cartridge. Using known parameters of the staple cartridge 3106, the thickness measurement provided by the first sensor 3108a may be adjusted. For example, if the staple cartridge 3106 has a higher deck height, the thickness measurement provided by the first sensor 3108a may be reduced to compensate for the additional deck height. The adjusted thickness may be displayed to the operator, for example, through a display 2026 coupled to the surgical instrument 10.

  FIG. 35 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3150 that includes a first sensor 3158 and a plurality of second sensors 3160a, 3160b. The end effector 3150 includes a first jaw member, an anvil 3152, and a second jaw member 3154. Second jaw member 3154 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3156. Anvil 3152 is pivotable relative to second jaw member 3154 to grip tissue between anvil 3152 and staple cartridge 3156. The anvil includes a first sensor 3158. The first sensor 3158 is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3150 such as, for example, a gap 3110 between the anvil 3152 and the staple cartridge 3156. The gap 3110 may correspond to, for example, the thickness of the tissue grasped between the anvil 3152 and the staple cartridge 3156. The first sensor 3158 may include any suitable sensor that measures one or more parameters of the end effector. For example, in various embodiments, the first sensor 3158 may be a magnetic sensor such as a Hall effect sensor, an inductive sensor such as a strain gauge, pressure sensor, eddy current sensor, a resistance sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and / or any Other suitable sensors may be provided.

  In some embodiments, the end effector 3150 includes a plurality of secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b. Secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b are configured to detect one or more parameters of end effector 3150. For example, in some embodiments, secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b are configured to measure the amplitude of strain exerted on anvil 3152 during a gripping procedure. In various embodiments, the secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b may be magnetic sensors such as Hall effect sensors, inductive sensors such as strain gauges, pressure sensors, eddy current sensors, resistance sensors, capacitive sensors, optical sensors, and / or any Other suitable sensors may be provided. The secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b may measure one or more identical parameters at different locations of the anvil 3152, different parameters at the same location of the anvil 3152, and / or different parameters at different locations of the anvil 3152. May be configured.

  FIG. 36 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3170 for adjusting measurements of the first sensor 3158 in response to a plurality of secondary sensors 3160a, 3160. In one embodiment, the Hall effect voltage is obtained (3172), for example, by a Hall effect sensor. The Hall effect voltage is converted (3174) by an analog-to-digital converter. The converted Hall effect voltage signal is calibrated (3176). The calibrated curve represents the thickness of the tissue portion located between the anvil 3152 and the staple cartridge 3156. A plurality of secondary measurement values are obtained by a plurality of secondary sensors such as a plurality of strain gauges (3178a, 3178b). The input of the strain gauge is converted into one or more digital signals (3180a, 3180b) by, for example, a plurality of electronic μ strain conversion circuits. The calibrated Hall effect voltage and the plurality of secondary measurements are provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The primary processor adjusts the Hall effect voltage using the secondary measurements (3182), for example, by applying an algorithm and / or using one or more look-up tables. The adjusted Hall effect voltage represents the true thickness of the tissue grasped between the anvil 3152 and the staple cartridge 3156 and its bite completeness. The adjusted thickness is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 37 illustrates one implementation of a circuit 3190 configured to convert signals from the first sensor 3158 and the plurality of secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b into digital signals that can be received by a processor, such as the primary processor 2006, for example. The form is shown. The circuit 3190 includes an analog / digital converter 3194. In some embodiments, the analog to digital converter 3194 comprises a 4 channel 18 bit analog to digital converter. Those skilled in the art will recognize that analog to digital converter 3194 may comprise any suitable number of channels and / or bits that convert one or more inputs from an analog signal to a digital signal. Will be done. The circuit 3190 includes one or more level shift resistors 3196 configured to accept input from the first sensor 3158, such as a Hall effect sensor. The level shift resistor 3196 adjusts the input from the first sensor and shifts the value to a high voltage or a constant voltage according to the input. Level shift resistor 3196 provides the level shifted input from first sensor 3158 to the analog to digital converter.

  In some embodiments, a plurality of secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b are coupled to a plurality of bridges 3192a, 3192b in circuit 3190. The plurality of bridges 3192a, 3192b may provide filtering of inputs from the plurality of secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b. After filtering the input signal, the plurality of bridges 3192a, 3192b provide the input from the plurality of secondary sensors 3160a, 3160b to the analog-to-digital converter 3194. In some embodiments, a switch 3198 coupled to one or more level shift resistors may be coupled to an analog to digital converter 3194. The switch 3198 is configured to calibrate one or more input signals, such as an input from a Hall effect sensor. The switch 3198 may also be engaged to provide one or more level shift signals to adjust one or more input signals of the sensor, eg, to calibrate the input of a Hall effect sensor. Good. In some embodiments, no adjustment is required and switch 3198 is left in the open position to disconnect the level shift resistor. Switch 3198 is coupled to analog to digital converter 3194. Analog-to-digital converter 3194 provides output to one or more processors, such as primary processor 2006, for example. Primary processor 2006 calculates one or more parameters of end effector 3150 based on the input from analog to digital converter 3194. For example, in one embodiment, primary processor 2006 calculates the thickness of the tissue located between anvil 3152 and staple cartridge 3156 based on input from one or more sensors 3158, 3160a, 3160b. To do.

  FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3200 comprising a plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d. End effector 3200 includes an anvil 3202 pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3204. Second jaw member 3204 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3206 therein. Anvil 3202 includes a plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d thereon. The plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d are configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3200, such as an anvil 3202, for example. The plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d may comprise one or more identical sensors and / or different sensors. The plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d may be, for example, magnetic sensors such as Hall effect sensors, inductive sensors such as strain gauges, pressure sensors, eddy current sensors, resistance sensors, capacitive sensors, optical sensors, and / or any other suitable Sensors or combinations thereof may be provided. For example, in one embodiment, the plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d may comprise a plurality of strain gauges.

  In one embodiment, multiple sensors 3208a-3208d allow for a robust tissue thickness sensing process. By detecting various parameters along the length of the anvil 3202, a plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d allow a surgical instrument such as the surgical instrument 10, for example, to bite, whether partial or full bite. It is possible to calculate the tissue thickness within. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d comprises a plurality of strain gauges. The plurality of strain gauges are configured to measure strain at various points on the anvil 3202. The strain amplitude and / or slope at each of the various points of the anvil 3202 can be used to determine the thickness of the tissue between the anvil 3202 and the staple cartridge 3206. The plurality of strain gauges are configured to optimize the maximum difference in amplitude and / or gradient based on gripping mechanics to determine tissue thickness, tissue placement, and / or material properties. Also good. Through time-based monitoring of the plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d during gripping, a processor, such as the primary processor 2006, for example, utilizes algorithms and look-up tables to recognize tissue features and gripping positions and end effector 3200. And / or the tissue grasped between the anvil 3202 and the staple cartridge 3206 can be dynamically adjusted.

  FIG. 39 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3220 for determining one or more tissue characteristics based on a plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d. In one embodiment, the plurality of sensors 3208a-3208d generate a plurality of signals indicative of one or more parameters of the end effector 3200 (3222a-3222d). The plurality of generated signals are converted into digital signals (3224a-3224d) and provided to the processor. For example, in one embodiment including a plurality of strain gauges, a plurality of electronic μ strain (micro strain) conversion circuits convert the strain gauge signals into digital signals (3224a-3224d). The digital signal is provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. Primary processor 2006 determines one or more tissue features based on the plurality of signals (3226). The processor 2006 may determine one or more organizational features by applying algorithms and / or look-up tables. One or more tissue features are displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 40 shows one embodiment of an end effector 3250 comprising a plurality of sensors 3260a-3260d coupled to the second jaw member 3254. FIG. End effector 3250 includes an anvil 3252 that is pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3254. Anvil 3252 is movable relative to second jaw member 3254 so as to grip one or more substances, such as tissue portion 3264, for example. Second jaw member 3254 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3256. The first sensor 3258 is coupled to the anvil 3252. The first sensor is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3150, such as, for example, the gap 3110 between the anvil 3252 and the staple cartridge 3256. The gap 3110 may correspond to, for example, the thickness of tissue grasped between the anvil 3252 and the staple cartridge 3256. The first sensor 3258 may comprise any suitable sensor that measures one or more parameters of the end effector. For example, in various embodiments, the first sensor 3258 may be a magnetic sensor such as a Hall effect sensor, an inductive sensor such as a strain gauge, pressure sensor, eddy current sensor, a resistance sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and / or any Other suitable sensors may be provided.

  The plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d are coupled to the second jaw member 3254. The plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d may be integrally formed with the second jaw member 3254 and / or the staple cartridge 3256. For example, in one embodiment, a plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d are disposed on the outer row of staple cartridges 3256 (see FIG. 41). The plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d are configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3250 and / or the tissue portion 3264 grasped between the anvil 3252 and the staple cartridge 3256. ing. The plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d may be, for example, magnetic sensors such as Hall effect sensors, inductive sensors such as strain gauges, pressure sensors, eddy current sensors, resistance sensors, capacitive sensors, optical sensors, and / or any other Any suitable sensor that detects one or more parameters of end effector 3250 and / or tissue portion 3264 may be provided, such as a suitable sensor, or a combination thereof. The plurality of secondary sensors 3260a to 3260d may include the same sensor and / or different sensors.

  In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d comprises dual purpose sensors and tissue stabilizing elements. The plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d are configured to create a stabilized tissue state when the plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d are engaged with the tissue portion 3264, such as during a gripping operation. , Electrodes and / or sensing shapes. In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of secondary sensors 3260a-3260d may be replaced with a non-sensitive tissue stabilization element. Secondary sensors 3260a-3260d may stabilize tissue status by controlling tissue flow, stapling, and / or other tissue status during grasping, stapling, and / or other treatment processes. To produce.

  FIG. 41 illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge 3270 that includes a plurality of sensors 3272a-3272h integrally formed therein. Staple cartridge 3270 includes a plurality of rows including a plurality of holes for storing staples therein. One or more of the holes in the outer row 3278 are replaced with one of the plurality of sensors 3272a-3272h. A notch 3274 is shown to show sensor 3272f coupled to sensor wire 3276b. Sensor wires 3276a, 3276b may comprise a plurality of wires that couple a plurality of sensors 3272a-3272h to one or more circuits of a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 10, for example. In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of sensors 3272a-3272h have dual-purpose sensors and tissue stabilization having electrodes and / or sensing shapes configured to provide tissue stabilization. With elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors 3272a-3272h may be replaced and / or co-located with a plurality of tissue stabilizing elements. Tissue stabilization may be provided, for example, by controlling tissue flow and / or staple formation during the grasping and / or stapling process. A plurality of sensors 3272a-3272h provide signals to one or more circuits of surgical instrument 10 to improve stapling performance and / or tissue thickness sensing feedback.

  FIG. 42 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3280 for determining one or more parameters of a tissue portion 3264 grasped within an end effector, such as the end effector 3250 shown in FIG. is there. In one embodiment, the first sensor 3258 is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3250 and / or the tissue portion 3264 located between the anvil 3252 and the staple cartridge 3256. Has been. A first signal is generated by the first sensor 3258 (3282). The first signal is indicative of one or more parameters detected by the first sensor 3258. One or more secondary sensors 3260 are configured to detect one or more parameters of end effector 3250 and / or tissue portion 3264. Secondary sensor 3260 may be configured to detect the same parameters as first sensor 3258, additional parameters, or different parameters. Secondary signal 3284 is generated by secondary sensor 3260. Secondary signal 3284 indicates one or more parameters detected by secondary sensor 3260. The first signal and the secondary signal are provided by a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The processor 2006 adjusts the first signal generated by the first sensor 3258 based on the input generated by the secondary sensor 3260 (3286). The adjusted signal may indicate, for example, the thickness of tissue portion 3264 and the complete bite. The adjusted signal is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 43 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3300 that includes a plurality of redundant sensors 3308a, 3308b. The end effector 3300 includes a first jaw member, or anvil 3302, pivotally coupled to the second jaw member 3304, the second jaw member 3304 configured to receive the staple cartridge 3306 therein. Has been. The anvil 3302 is movable relative to the staple cartridge 3306 to grip a material, such as a tissue portion, between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. A plurality of sensors 3308a, 3308b are coupled to the anvil. The plurality of sensors 3308a, 3308b are configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3300 and / or the tissue portion located between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors 3308a, 3308b are configured to detect a gap 3310 between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. The gap 3310 may correspond to, for example, the thickness of the tissue located between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. The plurality of sensors 3308a, 3308b may detect the gap 3310, for example, by detecting a magnetic field generated by a magnet 3312 coupled to the second jaw member 3304.

  In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors 3308a, 3308b comprises redundant sensors. The redundant sensor is configured to detect the same characteristics of the end effector 3300 and / or the tissue portion between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. The redundant sensor may comprise, for example, a Hall effect sensor configured to detect a gap 3310 between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. The redundant sensor provides a signal representing one or more parameters that allows a processor, such as, for example, primary processor 2006 to evaluate multiple inputs and determine the most reliable input. . In some embodiments, redundant sensors are used to reduce noise, spurious signals, and / or drift. Each redundant sensor is measured in real time during gripping and analyzes time-based information, allowing algorithms and / or look-up tables to dynamically recognize tissue features and grip positioning. May be. One or more inputs of the redundant sensors may be adjusted and / or selected to identify the true tissue thickness and bite of the tissue portion located between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. .

  FIG. 44 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3320 for selecting the most reliable output from a plurality of redundant sensors, such as the plurality of sensors 3308a, 3308b shown in FIG. In one embodiment, the first signal is generated by the first sensor 3308a. The first signal is converted (3322a) by an analog to digital converter. One or more additional signals are generated by one or more redundant sensors 3308b. One or more additional signals are converted (3322b) by an analog to digital converter. The converted signal is provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The primary processor evaluates the redundant input to determine the most reliable output (3324). The most reliable output may be selected based on one or more parameters such as, for example, algorithms, look-up tables, inputs from additional sensors, and / or instrument status. After selecting the most reliable output, the processor may, for example, include one or more of the two or more to reflect the true thickness and bite of the tissue portion located between the anvil 3302 and the staple cartridge 3306. The output may be adjusted based on the additional sensor. The adjusted most reliable output is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  FIG. 45 shows one embodiment of an end effector 3350 comprising a sensor 3358 with an inherent sampling rate that limits or eliminates spurious signals. End effector 3350 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3352 pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3354. Second jaw member 3354 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3356 therein. Staple cartridge 3356 contains a plurality of staples that may be delivered to a tissue portion located between anvil 3352 and staple cartridge 3356. Sensor 3358 is coupled to anvil 3352. Sensor 3358 is configured to detect one or more parameters of end effector 3350 such as, for example, a gap 3364 between anvil 3352 and staple cartridge 3356. The gap 3364 may correspond to the thickness of the material, such as a tissue portion, and / or the complete bite of the material located between the anvil 3352 and the staple cartridge 3356. Sensor 3358 may be an end sensor such as a magnetic sensor such as a Hall effect sensor, an inductive sensor such as a strain gauge, pressure sensor, eddy current sensor, resistance sensor, capacitive sensor, optical sensor, and / or any other suitable sensor. Any suitable sensor that detects one or more parameters of effector 3350 may be included.

  In one embodiment, sensor 3358 includes a magnetic sensor configured to detect a magnetic field generated by electromagnetic source 3360 coupled to second jaw member 3354 and / or staple cartridge 3356. The electromagnetic wave source 3360 generates a magnetic field detected by the sensor 3358. The detected magnetic field strength may correspond to, for example, the thickness of the tissue located between the anvil 3352 and the staple cartridge 3356 and / or the complete bite. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic wave source 3360 generates a signal at a known frequency, such as 1 MHz. In other embodiments, the signal generated by the electromagnetic wave source 3360 can be, for example, a type of staple cartridge 3356 installed in the second jaw member 3354, one or more additional sensors, algorithms, and / or 1 It may be adjustable based on one or more parameters.

  In one embodiment, the signal processor 3362 is coupled to an end effector 3350, such as an anvil 3352, for example. The signal processor 3362 is configured to process the signal generated by the sensor 3358 to eliminate spurious signals and boost the input from the sensor 3358. In some embodiments, the signal processor 3362 may be located separately from the end effector 3350, such as within the handle 14 of the surgical instrument 10, for example. In some embodiments, the signal processor 3362 includes an algorithm that is integrally formed with and / or executed by a general processor, such as the primary processor 2006, for example. The signal processor 3362 is configured to process the signal of the sensor 3358 at a frequency substantially equal to the frequency of the signal generated by the electromagnetic wave source 3360. For example, in one embodiment, the electromagnetic wave source 3360 generates a signal at a frequency of 1 MHz. The signal is detected by sensor 3358. Sensor 3358 generates a signal indicative of the detected magnetic field provided to signal processor 3362. The signal is processed by signal processor 3362 at a frequency of 1 MHz to eliminate spurious signals. The processed signal is provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. Primary processor 2006 correlates the received signal with one or more parameters of end effector 3350, such as, for example, gap 3364 between anvil 3352 and staple cartridge 3356.

  FIG. 46 is a logic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process 3370 that generates a thickness measurement of a tissue portion disposed between an end effector anvil and a staple cartridge, such as, for example, the end effector 3350 shown in FIG. It is. In one embodiment of process 3370, a signal is generated (3372) by a modulated electromagnetic wave source 3360. The generated signal may include, for example, a 1 MHz signal. The magnetic sensor 3358 is configured to detect a signal generated by the electromagnetic wave source 3360 (3374). Magnetic sensor 3358 generates a signal indicative of the detected magnetic field and provides the signal to signal processor 3362. The signal processor 3362 processes the signal (3376) to remove noise, remove pseudo signals, and / or boost the signal. The processed signal is provided to an analog to digital converter for conversion (3378) to a digital signal. The digital signal may be calibrated (3380), for example, by applying a calibration curve input algorithm and / or a look-up table. Signal processing 3376, transformation 3378, and calibration 3380 may be performed by one or more circuits. The calibrated signal is displayed to the user, for example, by a display 2026 formed integrally with the surgical instrument 10 (3026).

  Although the various embodiments described so far include end effectors having first and second jaw members, the described embodiments are not so limited. For example, in one embodiment, the end effector may comprise a circular stapler end effector. FIG. 47 illustrates one embodiment of a circular stapler 3400 that is configured to implement one or more of the processes described in FIGS. The circular stapler 3400 includes a main body 3402. The body 3402 may be coupled to a shaft, such as the shaft assembly 200 of the surgical instrument 10, for example. The body 3402 is configured to receive a staple cartridge and / or one or more staples therein (not shown). Anvil 3404 is movably coupled to body 3402. Anvil 3404 may be coupled to body 3402 by, for example, shaft 3406. Shaft 3406 is receivable within a cavity in the body (not shown). In some embodiments, a desorption washer 3408 is coupled to the anvil 3404. The release washer 3408 may include buttress or stiffening material during stapling.

  In some embodiments, the circular stapler 3400 includes a plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b. The plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b are configured to detect one or more parameters of the circular stapler 3400 and / or the tissue portion located between the body 3402 and the anvil 3404. The plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b may be coupled to any suitable portion of the anvil 3404, such as being positioned under the detachment washer 3408, for example. The plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b may be arranged in any suitable arrangement, such as evenly spaced around the circumference of the anvil 3404, for example. The plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b may comprise any suitable sensor that detects one or more parameters of the end effector 3400 and / or the tissue portion located between the body 3402 and the anvil 3404. Good. For example, the plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b may be magnetic sensors such as Hall effect sensors, strain gauges, pressure sensors, induction sensors such as eddy current sensors, resistance sensors, capacitive sensors, optical sensors, any combination thereof, and / or Any other suitable sensor may be provided.

  In one embodiment, the plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b comprises a plurality of pressure sensors positioned under the detachment washer 3408. Sensors 3410a, 3410b are each configured to detect pressure generated by the presence of compressed tissue between body 3402 and anvil 3404. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b are configured to detect the impedance of a tissue portion located between the anvil 3404 and the body 3402. The detected impedance may indicate the thickness and / or completeness of the tissue located between the anvil 3404 and the body 3402. The plurality of sensors 3410a and 3410b generate a plurality of signals indicating the detected pressure. The plurality of generated signals is provided to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. Primary processor 2006 applies one or more algorithms and / or look-up tables based on inputs from a plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b to provide end effector 3400 and / or body 3402 and anvil 3404. One or more parameters of the tissue portion located between the two are determined. For example, in one embodiment that includes a plurality of pressure sensors, the processor 2006 is configured to apply an algorithm that quantitatively compares the outputs of the plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b to each other and to a predetermined threshold. Has been. In one embodiment, if the Δ, or difference, between the outputs of the plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b is greater than a predetermined threshold, feedback is provided to the operator indicating the possibility of unequal loading. In some embodiments, end effector 3400 may be coupled to a shaft that includes one or more additional sensors, such as, for example, drive shaft 3504 described below in connection with FIG.

  48A-48D show the gripping process of the circular stapler 3400 shown in FIG. FIG. 48A shows the circular stapler 3400 in its initial position with the anvil 3404 and body 3402 in a closed configuration. Circular stapler 3400 is positioned at the treatment site in a closed configuration. Once the circular stapler 3400 is positioned, the anvil 3404 is moved distally to disengage from the body 3402, creating a gap configured to receive the tissue portion 3412 therein, as shown in FIG. 48B. The tissue portion 3412 is compressed to a predetermined compression 3414 between the anvil 3404 and the body 3402, as shown in FIG. 48C. Tissue portion 3412 is further compressed between anvil 3404 and body 3402. With additional compression, one or more staples are deployed from the body 3402 into the tissue portion 3412. Staples are formed by anvil 3404. FIG. 48D shows the circular stapler 3400 in a position corresponding to staple deployment. Proper staple deployment relies on obtaining proper tissue encroachment between the body 3402 and the anvil 3404. A plurality of sensors 3410a, 3410b disposed on the anvil 3404 allows the processor to determine that proper bite of tissue is located between the anvil 3404 and the body 3402 prior to staple deployment.

  FIG. 49 illustrates one embodiment of a circular staple anvil 3452 and an electrical connector 3466 configured to be associated therewith. Anvil 3452 includes an anvil head 3454 and an anvil shaft 3456 to which it is coupled. Detach washer 3458 is coupled to anvil head 3452. A plurality of pressure sensors 3460 a, 3460 b are coupled to the anvil head 3452 between the anvil head 3453 and the detachment washer 3458. A flexible circuit 3462 is formed on the shaft 3456. Flexible circuit 3462 is coupled to a plurality of pressure sensors 3460a, 3460b. One or more contacts 3464 are formed on the shaft 3456 to couple the flexible circuit 3462 to one or more circuits, such as the control circuit 2000 of the surgical instrument 10, for example. Flexible circuit 3462 may be coupled to one or more circuits by electrical connector 3466. Electrical connector 3466 is coupled to anvil 3454. For example, in one embodiment, shaft 3456 is hollow and configured to receive electrical connector 3466 therein. Electrical connector 3466 includes a plurality of contacts 3468 configured to interface with contacts 3464 formed on anvil shaft 3456. A plurality of contacts 3468 on electrical connector 3466 are coupled to a flexible circuit 3470 that is coupled to one or more circuits, such as control circuit 2000, for example.

  FIG. 50 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical instrument 3500 that includes a sensor 3506 coupled to the drive shaft 3504 of the surgical instrument 3500. Surgical instrument 3500 may be similar to surgical instrument 10 described above. Surgical instrument 3500 includes a handle 3502 and a drive shaft 3504 coupled to the distal end of the handle. Drive shaft 3504 is configured to receive an end effector (not shown) at the distal end. Sensor 3506 is fixedly mounted within drive shaft 3504. Sensor 3506 is configured to detect one or more parameters of drive shaft 3504. Sensor 3506 can be any such as, for example, a magnetic sensor such as a Hall effect sensor, an inductive sensor such as a strain gauge, a pressure sensor, an eddy current sensor, a resistance sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and / or any other suitable sensor. Any suitable sensor may be provided.

  In some embodiments, sensor 3506 comprises a magnetic Hall effect sensor. Magnet 3508 is disposed within drive shaft 3504. Sensor 3506 is configured to detect the magnetic field generated by magnet 3508. Magnet 3508 is coupled to a spring-backed bracket 3510. The rebound bracket 3510 is coupled to the end effector. The rebound bracket 3510 is movable in response to the action of the end effector, eg, compression of the anvil toward the body and / or the second jaw member. The rebound bracket 3510 moves the magnet 3508 in response to the movement of the end effector. The sensor 3506 detects a change in the magnetic field generated by the magnet 3508 and generates a signal indicating the movement of the magnet 3508. The movement of the magnet 3508 may correspond to, for example, the thickness of the tissue being grasped by the end effector. The thickness of the tissue may be displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 3512 embedded in the handle 3502 of the surgical instrument 3500. In some embodiments, the Hall effect sensor 3508 may be combined with one or more additional sensors, such as, for example, the pressure sensor shown in FIG.

  FIG. 51 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process 3550 for determining unequal tissue loading within an end effector, eg, the end effector 3400 shown in FIG. 47 coupled to the surgical instrument 3500 shown in FIG. It is. In one embodiment, process 3550 includes utilizing 3554 one or more first sensors 3552, such as a plurality of pressure sensors, to detect the presence of tissue in the end effector (3554). During the gripping operation of the end effector 3400, the input P from the pressure sensor is analyzed to determine the value of P. If P is less than the predetermined threshold (3556), the end effector 3400 continues the gripping motion (3558). If P is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold (3560), gripping is stopped. The Δ (difference) between the plurality of sensors 3552 is compared (3562). If Δ is greater than the predetermined Δ, surgical instrument 3500 displays a warning to the user (3564). The warning may include, for example, a message indicating that there is an uneven grip within the end effector. If Δ is less than or equal to a predetermined Δ, the input of one or more sensors 3552 is compared to the input from additional sensor 3566.

  In some embodiments, the second sensor 3566 is configured to detect one or more parameters of the surgical instrument 3500. For example, in some embodiments, a magnetic sensor, such as a Hall effect sensor, is disposed within the shaft 3504 of the surgical instrument 3500. Second sensor 3566 generates a signal indicative of one or more parameters of surgical instrument 3500. A preset calibration curve is applied to the input from the second sensor 3566 (3568). The preset calibration curve may adjust the signal generated by the second sensor 3566, eg, the Hall voltage generated by the Hall effect sensor (3568). For example, in one embodiment, the Hall effect voltage is adjusted such that when the gap X1 between the anvil 3404 and the body 3402 is equal to zero, the generated Hall effect voltage is set to a predetermined value. The adjusted sensor 3566 input is used to calculate 3570 the distance X3 between the anvil 3404 and the body 3402 when the pressure threshold P is met. The gripping process continues (3572) to deploy a plurality of staples into the tissue portion gripped by the end effector 3400. Input from the second sensor 3566 changes dynamically during the grasping procedure and is used to calculate the distance X2 between the anvil 3404 and the body 3402 in real time. Real-time percent compression is calculated (3574) and displayed to the operator. In one embodiment, the percent compression is calculated as [((X3-X2) / X3) × 100].

  In some embodiments, one or more of the sensors shown in FIGS. 28-50 are used to determine whether the anvil is attached to the body of the surgical device, a compressed tissue gap, And / or whether the anvil is in the proper position to remove the device, or any combination of these indicators.

  In some embodiments, one or more of the sensors shown in FIGS. 28-50 are used to affect device performance. One or more control parameters of the surgical device 10 may be adjusted by at least one sensor output. For example, in some embodiments, the speed control of the firing operation may be adjusted by the output of one or more sensors, such as a Hall effect sensor. In some embodiments, one or more of the sensors may adjust the closing and / or grasping motion based on the load and / or tissue type. In some embodiments, multiple stages of compression sensors allow the surgical instrument 10 to stop closing at a predetermined load and / or a predetermined displacement. The control circuit 2000 may apply varying compression to the tissue portion by applying one or more predefined algorithms, for example, to determine the type of tissue based on tissue response. The algorithm may vary based on the closure rate and / or predetermined tissue parameters. In some embodiments, one or more sensors are configured to detect tissue characteristics, and the one or more sensors detect device characteristics and / or configuration parameters. Is configured to do. For example, in one embodiment, a volume block may be integrally formed with the staple cartridge to measure skew.

Motorized Medical Device Circuits and Sensors FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3600 configured to determine one or more parameters of a tissue portion during a grasping operation. End effector 3600 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3602 pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3604. Second jaw member 3604 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3606 therein. Staple cartridge 3606 contains a plurality of staples (not shown) configured to be deployed within a tissue portion during a gripping and stapling operation. The staple cartridge 3606 includes a staple cartridge deck 3622 having a predetermined height. Staple cartridge 3606 further comprises a slot 3624 defined in the staple cartridge body, similar to slot 193 described above. Hall effect sensor 3608 is configured to detect a distance 3616 between Hall effect sensor 3608 and magnet 3610 coupled to second jaw member 3604. A distance 3616 between Hall effect sensor 3608 and magnet 3610 indicates the thickness of the tissue disposed between anvil 3602 and staple cartridge deck 3622.

  Second jaw member 3604 is configured to receive a plurality of staple cartridge 3606 types. The type of staple cartridge 3606 may vary, for example, by containing different lengths of staples, including buttress material, and / or containing different types of staples. In some embodiments, the height 3618 of the staple cartridge deck 3622 may vary based on the type of staple cartridge 3606 coupled to the second jaw member 3604. The varying cartridge height 3618 can cause inaccurate thickness measurements by the Hall Effect sensor 3608. For example, in one embodiment, the first cartridge includes a first cartridge deck height X and the second cartridge includes a second cartridge deck height Y, where Y> X. The fixed Hall effect sensor 3608 and the fixed magnet produce an accurate thickness measurement for only one of the two cartridge deck heights. In some embodiments, adjustable magnets are used to compensate for various deck heights.

  In some embodiments, the second jaw member 3604 and staple cartridge 3606 include a magnet cavity 3614. Magnet cavity 3614 is configured to receive magnet 3610 therein. The magnet is coupled to spring arm 3612. Spring arm 3612 is configured to bias the magnet toward the upper surface of magnet cavity 3614. The depth 3620 of the magnet cavity 3614 varies depending on the deck height 3618 of the staple cartridge 3606. For example, each staple cartridge 3606 may define a cavity depth 3620 such that the top surface of the cavity 3614 is at a set distance from the surface of the deck 3622. Magnet 3610 is biased against the upper surface of cavity 3614. The magnetic reference of magnet 3610 is consistent for all cartridge decks when viewed by Hall effect sensor 3608, but is variable for slot 3624. For example, in some embodiments, the upwardly biased magnet 3610 and the cavity 3614 are set distances from the Hall effect sensor 3608 to the magnet 3610 regardless of the staple cartridge 3606 inserted into the second jaw member 3604. 3616 is provided. Set distance 3616 allows Hall effect sensor 3608 to generate an accurate thickness measurement regardless of the type of staple cartridge 3606. In some embodiments, the depth 3620 of the cavity 3614 may be adjusted to calibrate the Hall effect sensor 3608 for one or more surgical procedures.

  FIGS. 53A and 53B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 3650 configured to normalize the Hall effect voltage independent of the deck height of the staple cartridge 3656. FIG. 53A shows one embodiment of an end effector 3650 comprising a first cartridge 3656a inserted therein. End effector 3650 includes a first jaw member, or anvil 3652, pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3654 for grasping tissue therebetween. Second jaw member 3654 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3656a. Staple cartridge 3656a may include various staple lengths, buttress materials, and / or deck heights. A magnetic sensor 3658, such as a Hall effect sensor, is coupled to the anvil 3652. The magnetic sensor 3658 is configured to detect the magnetic field generated by the magnet 3660. The detected magnetic field strength indicates a distance 3664 between the magnetic sensor 3658 and the magnet 3660, which may indicate, for example, the thickness of the tissue portion grasped between the anvil 3652 and the staple cartridge 3656. As described above, the various staple cartridges 3656a may include varying deck heights, thereby creating a calibrated compression gap 3664 difference.

  In some embodiments, a magnetic attenuator 3662 is coupled to the staple cartridge 3656a. The magnetic attenuator 3662 is configured to attenuate the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 3660. The magnetic attenuator 3662 is calibrated to generate magnetic flux based on the height of the staple cartridge 3656a. By attenuating magnet 3660 based on the type of staple cartridge 3656, magnetic attenuator 3662 normalizes the signal of magnetic sensor 3658 to the same calibration level for various deck heights. The magnetic attenuator 3662 may comprise any suitable magnet attenuator, such as a ferrous metal cap. The magnetic attenuator 3662 is molded into the staple cartridge 3656a such that the magnetic attenuator 3662 is positioned above the magnet 3660 when the staple cartridge 3656 is inserted into the second jaw member 3654.

  In some embodiments, damping of the magnet 3660 is not essential with respect to the staple cartridge deck height. FIG. 53B shows one embodiment of an end effector 3650 comprising a second staple cartridge 3656b coupled to a second jaw member 3654. FIG. The second staple cartridge 3656b includes a deck height that matches the calibration of the magnet 3660 and Hall effect sensor 3658 and thus does not require attenuation. As shown in FIG. 53B, the second staple cartridge 3656b includes a cavity 3666 in place of the magnetic attenuator 3662 of the first staple cartridge 3656a. In some embodiments, larger and / or smaller damping members are provided depending on the height of the cartridge deck. The design of the shape of the attenuating member 3662 is optimized to create a characteristic in the response signal generated by the Hall effect sensor 3658, thereby allowing one or more additional cartridge attributes to be distinguished. Also good.

  FIG. 54 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3670 for determining when tissue compression within an end effector has reached a steady state, such as the end effector 3650 shown in FIGS. 53A-53B. is there. In some embodiments, the clinician initiates a grasping procedure (3672) that grasps tissue within the end effector, eg, between the anvil 3652 and the staple cartridge 3656. The end effector engages the tissue during the grasping procedure (3674). Once the tissue is engaged (3674), the end effector begins real-time gap monitoring (3676). Real-time gap monitoring, for example, monitors the gap between the anvil 3652 of the end effector 3650 and the staple cartridge 3656. The gap may be monitored by a sensor 3658, such as a Hall effect sensor, coupled to end effector 3650, for example. Sensor 3658 may be coupled to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The processor determines (3678) when the tissue gripping requirements of the end effector 3650 and / or staple cartridge 3656 are met. If the processor determines that the organization is stable, the process indicates to the user that the organization is stable (3680). This indication may be provided, for example, by a display embedded within the surgical instrument 10.

  In some embodiments, the gap measurement is provided by a Hall effect sensor. The Hall effect sensor may be located, for example, at the distal tip of the anvil 3652. The Hall effect sensor is configured to measure the gap between the anvil 3652 and the staple cartridge 3656 deck at the distal tip. The measured gap may be used to calculate the jaw closure gap and / or monitor changes in tissue compression of the tissue portion grasped by the end effector 3650. In one embodiment, the Hall effect sensor is coupled to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The processor is configured to receive real-time measurements from the Hall effect sensor and compare the received signal to a predetermined reference set. For example, in one embodiment, using a logical equation at even intervals such as 1 second, and stabilizing the tissue portion when the gap reading remains unchanged for a predetermined interval such as 3.0 seconds, for example. Shown against. Tissue stabilization may also be indicated after a predetermined period of time, such as 15.0 seconds. As another example, tissue stabilization may be indicated when yn = yn + 1 = yn + 2, where y is equal to the Hall effect sensor gap measurement and n is a predetermined measurement interval. Surgical instrument 10 may display instructions to the user, for example, graphical and / or numeric representations when stabilization occurs.

  FIG. 55 is a graph 3690 showing various Hall effect sensor readings 3692a-3692d. As shown in graph 3690, the thickness, or compression, of the tissue portion stabilizes after a predetermined period. For example, a processor such as primary processor 2006 may be configured to indicate when the thickness calculated from a sensor such as a Hall effect sensor is relatively consistent or constant over a predetermined period of time. The processor 2006 may indicate to the user that the tissue is stabilized, for example through a numerical display.

  FIG. 56 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3700 for determining when tissue compression within an end effector has reached a steady state, such as the end effector 3650 shown in FIGS. 53A-53B. is there. In some embodiments, the clinician initiates a gripping procedure (3702) that grips tissue within the end effector, eg, between the anvil 3652 and the staple cartridge 3656. The end effector engages the tissue during the grasping procedure (3704). Once the tissue is engaged (3704), the end effector begins real-time gap monitoring (3706). Real-time gap monitoring techniques, for example, monitor the gap between the anvil 3652 of the end effector 3650 and the staple cartridge 3656 (3706). The gap may be monitored (3706) by a sensor 3658, such as a Hall effect sensor, coupled to an end effector 3650, for example. Sensor 3658 may be coupled to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The processor executes one or more algorithms to determine when the tissue portion compressed by the end effector 3650 has stabilized.

  For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 56, process 3700 is configured to utilize a gradient calculation to determine tissue stabilization. The processor calculates the slope S of the input from a sensor, such as a Hall effect sensor (3708). The gradient may be calculated, for example, by the equation S = ((V_1−V_2)) / ((T_1−T_2)) (3708). The processor compares the calculated slope to a predetermined value, such as 0.005 volts / second (3710). If the calculated slope value is greater than the predetermined value, the processor resets the count C to zero (3712). If the calculated slope is less than or equal to the predetermined value, the processor increments the value of count C (3714). The count C is compared (3716) to a predetermined threshold, such as 3, for example. If the value of count C is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, the processor indicates to the user that the tissue portion is stabilized (3718). If the value of count C is less than the predetermined threshold, the processor continues to monitor sensor 3658. In various embodiments, sensor input slopes, slope changes, and / or any other changes in the input signal may be monitored.

  In some embodiments, for example, an end effector such as the end effector 3600, 3650 shown in FIGS. 52, 53A, and 53B may comprise a cutting member deployable therein. The cutting member may comprise, for example, an I-beam configured to cut a tissue portion located between the anvil 3602 and the staple cartridge 3608 and to deploy staples from the staple cartridge 3608. In some embodiments, the I-beam may comprise only a cutting member and / or may only deploy one or more staples. Tissue flow during firing can affect the proper formation of staples. For example, during deployment of an I-beam, fluid in the tissue can temporarily increase the thickness of the tissue, causing improper deployment of staples.

  FIG. 57 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3730 for controlling an end effector to improve proper staple formation during deployment. The control process 3730 includes generating (3732) a sensor measurement indicative of the thickness of the tissue portion within the end effector 3650, such as, for example, a Hall effect voltage generated by a Hall effect sensor. The sensor measurement is converted to a digital signal by an analog to digital converter (3734). The digital signal is calibrated (3736). Calibration (3736) may be performed, for example, by a processor and / or dedicated calibration circuitry. The digital signal is calibrated 3737 based on one or more calibration curve inputs. The calibrated digital signal is displayed to the operator (3738), for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10. The calibrated signal may be displayed as a thickness measurement of the tissue portion grasped between the anvil 3652 and the staple cartridge 3656 and / or as a unitless range (3738).

  In some embodiments, the Hall effect voltage generated (3732) is used to control the I-beam. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the Hall effect voltage is provided to a processor configured to control the deployment of the I-beam in the end effector, such as the primary processor 2006, for example. The processor receives the Hall effect voltage and calculates the rate of change of voltage over a predetermined period. The processor compares the calculated rate of change with a default value x1 (3740). If the calculated rate of change is greater than the default value x1, the processor decelerates the speed of the I-beam (3742). The speed may be reduced, for example, by decrementing the speed variable by a predetermined unit. If the calculated voltage change rate is less than or equal to the default value x1, the processor maintains the current speed of the I-beam (3744).

  In some embodiments, the processor may temporarily reduce the speed of the I-beam, for example, to compensate for thicker tissue, uneven loading, and / or any other tissue features. For example, in one embodiment, the processor is configured to monitor 3740 the voltage change rate of the Hall effect sensor. If the rate of change monitored (3740) by the processor exceeds a first default value X1, the processor slows or stops the deployment of the I-beam until the rate of change is less than a second default value x2. When the rate of change is less than the second predetermined value x2, the processor may return the I-beam to normal speed. In some embodiments, the sensor input may be generated by, for example, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, a Hall effect sensor, and / or any other suitable sensor. In some embodiments, the processor may implement one or more rest points during I-beam deployment. For example, in some embodiments, the processor may implement three predefined pause points where the processor pauses the deployment of the I-beam for a predefined period of time. The rest point is configured to provide optimized tissue flow control.

  FIG. 58 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3750 that controls the end effector to allow fluid drainage and improve staple formation. Process 3750 includes generating sensor measurements, such as Hall effect voltage (3752). The sensor measurement may indicate, for example, the thickness of the tissue portion grasped between the anvil 3652 of the end effector 3650 and the staple cartridge 3656. The generated signal is provided to an analog to digital converter for conversion to a digital signal (3754). The converted signal is calibrated (3756) based on one or more inputs, such as, for example, a second sensor input and / or a predefined calibration curve. The calibrated signal represents one or more parameters of the end effector 3650, such as the thickness of the grasped tissue portion. The calibrated thickness measurement may be displayed to the user as a thickness and / or as a unitless range. The calibrated thickness may be displayed, for example, by display 2026 embedded in surgical instrument 10 coupled to end effector 3650.

  In some embodiments, the calibrated thickness measurement is used to control the deployment of the I-beam and / or other firing members within the end effector 3650. The calibrated thickness measurement is provided to the processor. The processor compares the calibrated thickness measurement change to a predetermined threshold percentage x (3760). If the rate of change of the thickness measurement is greater than x, the processor reduces the speed of the I-beam in the end effector, ie the deployment speed (3762). The processor may reduce (3762) the speed of the I-beam, for example, by decrementing a predetermined unit speed variable. If the rate of change of thickness measurement is less than or equal to x, the processor maintains the speed of the I-beam in the end effector 3650 (3764). Real-time feedback of tissue thickness and / or compression allows surgical instrument 10 to affect firing rate to allow fluid drainage and / or improve staple morphology.

  In some embodiments, sensor readings generated by the sensor (3752), such as Hall effect voltage, may be adjusted by one or more additional sensor inputs. For example, in one embodiment, the generated (3752) Hall effect voltage may be adjusted by input from the anvil 3652 microstrain gauge sensor. The micro strain gauge may be configured to monitor the amplitude of strain of the anvil 3652. The generated Hall effect voltage (3752) may be adjusted by the monitored strain amplitude, for example, to indicate partial proximal or distal tissue encroachment. By monitoring time-based micro strain and Hall effect sensor output during gripping, one or more algorithms and / or look-up tables recognize tissue features and grip positioning, and tissue thickness It is possible to adjust the measured values dynamically, for example to control the firing speed of the I-beam. In some embodiments, the processor may implement one or more rest points during I-beam deployment. For example, in some embodiments, the processor may implement three predefined pause points where the processor pauses the deployment of the I-beam for a predefined period of time. The rest point is configured to provide optimized tissue flow control.

  59A-59B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 3800 that includes a pressure sensor. End effector 3800 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3802 pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3804. Second jaw member 3804 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3806 therein. The staple cartridge 3806 includes a plurality of staples. First sensor 3808 is coupled to anvil 3802 at the distal tip. The first sensor 3808 is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector, such as, for example, the distance between the anvil 3802 and the staple cartridge 3806, ie, the gap 3814. The first sensor 3808 may comprise any suitable sensor, such as a magnetic sensor. Magnet 3810 may be coupled to second jaw member 3804 and / or staple cartridge 3806 to provide a magnetic signal to a magnetic sensor.

  In some embodiments, the end effector 3800 includes a second sensor 3812. The second sensor 3812 is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3800 and / or the tissue portion located therebetween. The second sensor 3812 may comprise any suitable sensor, such as one or more pressure sensors, for example. Second sensor 3812 may be coupled to anvil 3802, second jaw member 3804, and / or staple cartridge 3806. The signal from the second sensor 3812 adjusts the measurement of the first sensor 3808 to accurately determine the true compressed tissue thickness of the partial bite positioned proximally and / or distally. As represented, it may be used to adjust the reading of the first sensor. In some embodiments, the second sensor 3812 may be a proxy for the first sensor 3808.

  In some embodiments, the second sensor 3812 may comprise, for example, a single continuous pressure sensitive film and / or an array of pressure sensitive films. The second sensor 3812 is coupled to a deck of staple cartridge 3806 along a central axis that covers, for example, a slot 3816 configured to receive a cutting and / or staple deployment member. The second sensor 3812 provides a signal indicative of the amplitude of pressure applied by the tissue during the grasping procedure. While firing the cutting and / or deployment member, the signal from the second sensor 3812 is disrupted, for example, by breaking an electrical connection between the second sensor 3812 and one or more circuits. May be. In some embodiments, the interrupted circuit of the second sensor 3812 may indicate a used staple cartridge 3806. In other embodiments, the second sensor 3812 may be positioned such that the cutting and / or deployment member does not break the connection to the second sensor 3812.

  FIG. 60 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3850 that includes a second sensor 3862 positioned between the staple cartridge 3806 and the second jaw member 3804. End effector 3850 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3852 pivotally coupled to second jaw member 3854. Second jaw member 3854 is configured to receive staple cartridge 3856 therein. The first sensor 3858 is coupled to the anvil 3852 at the distal tip. The first sensor 3858 is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3850, such as, for example, the distance between the anvil 3852 and the staple cartridge 3856, ie, the gap 3864. The first sensor 3858 may comprise any suitable sensor, such as a magnetic sensor. Magnet 3860 may be coupled to second jaw member 3854 and / or staple cartridge 3856 to provide a magnetic signal to a magnetic sensor. In some embodiments, the end effector 3850 is similar in all respects to the second sensor 3812 of FIGS. 59A-59B, except that the end effector 3850 is located between the staple cartridge 3856 and the second jaw member 3864. A second sensor 3862 is provided.

  FIG. 61 is a logic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a process 3870 for determining and displaying the thickness of the tissue portion grasped within the end effector 3800 or 3850 according to FIGS. 59A-59B or 60. The process includes obtaining Hall effect voltage 3872, for example, through a Hall effect sensor located at the distal tip of anvil 3802. The Hall effect voltage 3872 is provided to an analog to digital converter 3874 and converted to a digital signal. The digital signal is provided to a process such as primary processor 2006, for example. The primary processor 2006 calibrates the curve input of the Hall effect voltage 3872 signal (3874). A pressure sensor, such as second sensor 3812, for example, may include one or more of the end effector 3800, such as, for example, the amount of pressure the anvil 3802 exerts on the tissue grasped in the end effector 3800. The parameter is configured to be measured (3880). In some embodiments, the pressure sensor may comprise a single continuous pressure sensitive film and / or an array of pressure sensitive films. Accordingly, the pressure sensor may be operable to determine measured pressure variations at different locations between the proximal and distal ends of the end effector 3800. The measured pressure is provided to a processor such as primary processor 2006, for example. The primary processor 2006 is responsive to the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 3880 and grips, for example, between the anvil 3802 and the staple cartridge 3806 using one or more algorithms and / or look-up tables. The Hall effect voltage 3872 is adjusted (3882) to more accurately reflect the thickness of the resulting tissue. The adjusted thickness is displayed to the operator, for example, by a display 2026 embedded in the surgical instrument 10 (3878).

  FIG. 62 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 3900 comprising a plurality of second sensors 3192a-3192b positioned between the staple cartridge 3906 and the elongated channel 3916. FIG. End effector 3900 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3902 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongate channel 3904. The elongate channel 3904 is configured to receive the staple cartridge 3906 therein. Anvil 3902 further comprises a first sensor 3908 disposed at the distal tip. The first sensor 3908 is configured to detect one or more parameters of the end effector 3900, such as, for example, the distance, or gap, between the anvil 3902 and the staple cartridge 3906. The first sensor 3908 may comprise any suitable sensor, such as a magnetic sensor. Magnet 3910 may be coupled to elongated channel 3904 and / or staple cartridge 3906 to provide a magnetic signal to first sensor 3908. In some embodiments, the end effector 3900 includes a plurality of second sensors 3912a-3912c positioned between the staple cartridge 3906 and the elongate channel 3904. The second sensors 3912a-3912c may comprise any suitable sensor, such as a piezoresistive pressure film strip. In some embodiments, the second sensors 3912a-3912c may be evenly distributed between the distal and proximal ends of the end effector 3900.

  In some embodiments, signals from the second sensors 3912a-3912c may be used to adjust the measured value of the first sensor 3908. For example, the signals from the second sensors 3912a-3912c may be transmitted between the distal and proximal ends of the end effector 3900 depending on the location and / or density of the tissue 3920 between the anvil 3902 and the staple cartridge 3906. May be used to adjust the reading of the first sensor 3908 to accurately represent the gap between the anvil 3908 and the staple cartridge 3906, which may vary. FIG. 11 illustrates an example of partial biting of the tissue 3920. As shown for purposes of this example, tissue is placed only in the proximal region of the end effector 3900, with a high pressure 3918 region near the proximal region of the end effector 3900 and a corresponding end. A low pressure 3916 region is created near the distal end of the effector.

  63A and 63B further illustrate the effect of full versus partial engulfment of tissue 3920. FIG. FIG. 63A shows an end effector 3900 that includes a full bite of tissue 3920 where the tissue 3920 is of uniform density. Due to the uniform density of complete biting of the tissue 3920, the measured first gap 3914a at the distal tip of the end effector 3900 has a measured second gap 3922a at the center or proximal end of the end effector 3900. It may be almost the same. For example, the first gap 3914a may be 2.4 mm and the second gap may be 2.3 mm. FIG. 63B shows an end effector 3900 that includes a partial bite of tissue 3920 or, alternatively, a full bite of non-uniform density tissue 3920. In this case, the first gap 3914b may be less than the second gap 3922b measured at the thickest or densest portion of the tissue 3920. For example, the first gap may be 1.0 mm and the second gap may be 1.9 mm. In the state shown in FIGS. 63A and 63B, signals from the second sensors 3912a-3912c, such as, for example, pressure measured at different points along the length of the end effector 3900, may affect the placement and / or tissue of the tissue 3920. It may be used by instruments to determine the properties of 3920 substances. The instrument may be further operable to recognize tissue characteristics and tissue location using pressure measured over time and dynamically adjust the tissue thickness measurement.

  FIG. 64 shows one embodiment of an end effector 3950 comprising a coil 3958 and an oscillator circuit 3962 that measure the gap between the anvil and the staple cartridge 3956. End effector 3950 includes a first jaw member or anvil 3952 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongate channel 3954. The elongate channel 3954 is configured to receive a staple cartridge 3956 therein. In some embodiments, the staple cartridge 3954 further comprises a coil 3958 and an oscillator circuit 3962 located at the distal end. Coil 3958 and oscillator circuit 3962 can operate as an eddy current sensor and / or an inductive sensor. Coil 3958 and oscillator circuit 3962 can detect eddy currents and / or induction as target 3960 approaches, for example, coil 3958, such as the distal tip of anvil 3952. Eddy currents and / or induction detected by coil 3958 and oscillator circuit 3962 can be used to detect the distance or gap between anvil 3952 and staple cartridge 3956.

  FIG. 65 shows an alternative view of the end effector 3950. As illustrated, in some embodiments, external wiring 3964 may provide power to oscillator circuit 3962. The external wiring 3964 may be disposed along the outside of the elongated channel 3954.

  FIG. 66 shows an example of the operation of coil 3958 that detects eddy current 3972 in target 3960. An alternating current flowing through coil 3958 at the selected frequency generates a magnetic field 3970 around coil 3958. When the coil 3958 is at a position 3976a that is a specific distance away from the target 3960, the coil 3958 does not induce an eddy current 3972. Eddy current 3972 is generated in target 3960 when coil 3958 is at position 3976b close to conductive target 3960. When the coil 3958 is at a position 3976c near the flaw in the target 3960, the flaw may interfere with the circulation of eddy currents, in which case the magnetic coupling with the coil 3958 changes and the variation in coil impedance is measured. Thus, the defect signal 3974 can be read.

  FIG. 67 shows a graph 3980 of measured quality factor 3984, measured inductance 3986, measured inductance 3986, and measured resistance 3988 of the radius of coil 3958 as a function of coil 3958 standoff 3978 relative to target 3960. The quality factor 3984 depends on the standoff 3978, and both the inductance 3986 and the resistance 3988 are a function of displacement. A larger quality factor 3984 results in a purer reactive sensor. The specific value of inductance 3986 is only constrained by the need for manufacturable coils 3958 and practical circuit designs that burn a reasonable amount of energy at a reasonable frequency. Resistor 3988 is a parasitic effect.

  Graph 3980 shows how inductance 3986, resistance 3988, and quality factor 3984 depend on target standoff 3978. As the standoff 3978 increases, the inductance 3986 increases fourfold and the resistance 3988 decreases slightly, resulting in an increase in the quality factor 3984. The changes in all three parameters are highly non-linear, and each curve tends to decline approximately exponentially as the standoff 3978 increases. The rapid loss of sensitivity with distance severely limits the range of the eddy current sensor to about 1/2 the coil diameter.

  FIG. 68 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 4000 comprising an emitter / sensor 4008 positioned between the staple cartridge 4006 and the elongated channel 4004. End effector 4000 includes a first jaw member or anvil 4002 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongated channel 4004. The elongate channel 3904 is configured to receive the staple cartridge 4006 therein. In some embodiments, the end effector 4000 further comprises an emitter / sensor 4008 positioned between the staple cartridge 4006 and the elongated channel 4004. The emitter / sensor 4008 can be any suitable device, such as, for example, a MEMS ultrasonic transducer. In some embodiments, the emitter / sensor may be disposed along the length of the end effector 4000.

  FIG. 69 illustrates one embodiment of an emitter / sensor 4008 in operation. Emitter / sensor 4008 may be operable to emit pulse 4014 and sense reflected signal 4016 of pulse 4014. Emitter / sensor 4008 may be further operable to measure time of flight 4018 between the appearance of pulse 4014 and receipt of reflected signal 4016. The measured time-of-flight 4018 can be used to determine the thickness of tissue compressed into the end effector 4000 along the entire length of the end effector 4000. In some embodiments, emitter / sensor 4008 may be coupled to a processor, such as primary processor 2006, for example. The processor 2006 may be operable to use the time of flight 4018 to determine additional information about the tissue, for example, whether the tissue is lesioned, bunched, or damaged, for example. The surgical instrument can be further operable to communicate this information to the operator of the instrument.

  FIG. 70 illustrates the surface of one embodiment of an emitter / sensor 4008 comprising a MEMS transducer.

  71 shows a graph 4020 of an example of a reflected signal 4016 that may be measured by the emitter / sensor 4008 of FIG. FIG. 71 shows the amplitude 4022 of the reflected signal 4016 as a function 4024 of time. As illustrated, the amplitude of the transmitted pulse 4026 is greater than the amplitude of the reflected pulses 4028a-4028c. The amplitude of the transmitted pulse 4026 may be of a known or expected value. The first reflected pulse 4028a may be from tissue surrounded by the end effector 4000, for example. The second reflected pulse 4028b may be from the lower surface of the anvil 4002, for example. The third reflected pulse 4028c may be from the upper surface of the anvil 4002, for example.

  FIG. 72 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 4050 configured to determine the position of the cutting member or knife 4058. End effector 4050 includes a first jaw member or anvil 4052 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongate channel 4054. The elongate channel 4054 is configured to receive a staple cartridge 4056 therein. Staple cartridge 4056 further includes a slot 4058 (not shown) and a cutting member or knife 4062 disposed therein. Knife 4062 is operably coupled to knife bar 4064. Knife bar 4064 is operable to move knife 4062 from the proximal end to the distal end of slot 4058. End effector 4050 may further comprise an optical sensor 4060 located near the proximal end of slot 4058. The light sensor may be coupled to a processor such as primary processor 2006, for example. The optical sensor 4060 may be operable to emit an optical signal toward the knife bar 4064. The knife bar 4064 may further comprise a cord strip 4066 along its length. The code strip 4066 may include a cutout, a notch, a reflective piece, or any other optically readable configuration. The code strip 4066 is arranged such that the optical signal from the optical sensor 4060 reflects to or passes through the code strip 4066. As knife 4062 and knife bar 4064 move along slot 4058 (4068), optical sensor 4060 detects the reflection of the emitted optical signal coupled to code strip 4066. The optical sensor 4060 may be operable to communicate the detected signal to the processor 2006. The processor 2006 may be configured to determine the position of the knife 4062 using the detected signal. The position of the knife 4062 may be sensed more precisely by designing the code strip 4066 so that the detected optical signal has a gradual rise and fall.

  FIG. 73 shows an example of a working code strip 4066 with a red LED 4070 and an infrared LED 4072. For purposes of this example only, the cord strip 4066 includes a cutout. As the code strip 4066 moves (4068), the light emitted by the red LED 4070 is blocked because the cutout passes in front of it. Thus, the infrared LED 4072 detects the movement 4068 of the cord strip 4066 and thus turns to detect the movement of the knife 4062.

Monitoring Device Degradation Based on Component Evaluation FIG. 74 shows a partial view of the end effector 300 of the surgical instrument 10. In the exemplary form shown in FIG. 74, end effector 300 comprises a staple cartridge 1100 that is similar in many respects to staple cartridge 304 (FIG. 20). Some parts of the end effector 300 have been omitted so that the present disclosure can be more clearly understood. In certain examples, end effector 300 may include a first jaw, such as anvil 306 (FIG. 20), and a second jaw, such as channel 198 (FIG. 20). In certain examples, as described above, channel 198 may house a staple cartridge, such as staple cartridge 304 or staple cartridge 1100, for example. To capture tissue between staple cartridge 1100 and anvil 306, at least one of channel 198 and anvil 306 may be movable relative to the other of channel 198 and anvil 306. Various actuation assemblies are described herein that facilitate movement of channel 198 and / or anvil 306, for example, between an open configuration (FIG. 1) and a closed configuration (FIG. 75).

  In certain examples, as described above, the E-beam 178 is advanced distally to deploy the staples 191 into the captured tissue and / or advance the cutting edge 182 between multiple positions. To engage and cut the captured tissue. As shown in FIG. 74, the cutting edge 182 can be advanced distally, eg, along a path defined by a slot 193. In certain examples, the cutting blade 182 is advanced from the proximal portion 1102 of the staple cartridge 1100 to the distal portion 1104 of the staple cartridge 1100 as illustrated in FIG. 74 to cut the captured tissue. Can do. In certain examples, the cutting edge 182 can be retracted proximally from the distal portion 1104 to the proximal portion 1102 by, for example, retracting the E-beam 178 proximally.

  In a particular example, the cutting blade 182 can be used to cut tissue captured by the end effector 300 in multiple procedures. The reader will understand that repeated use of the cutting edge 182 can affect the sharpness of the cutting edge 182. The reader will also appreciate that as the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 decreases, the force required to cut the captured tissue using the cutting edge 182 can increase. Referring to FIGS. 74-76, in certain examples, the surgical instrument 10 is sharpened with the cutting blade 182 during, before, and / or after operation of the surgical instrument 10 in a surgical procedure, for example. A module 1106 (FIG. 76) for monitoring the degree may be provided. In a particular example, module 1106 can be used to test the sharpness of cutting edge 182 prior to utilizing cutting edge 182 to cut the captured tissue. In a particular example, module 1106 can be used to test the sharpness of cutting edge 182 after cutting edge 182 has been used to cut the captured tissue. In a particular example, module 1106 can be used to test the sharpness of cutting edge 182 before and after cutting edge 182 is used to cut captured tissue. In a particular example, module 1106 can be used to test the sharpness of cutting edge 1106 at proximal portion 1102 and / or distal portion 1104.

  74-76, the module 1106 may include one or more sensors, such as an optical sensor 1108, for example, and the optical sensor 1108 of the module 1106 is used to test the reflective ability of the cutting blade 182, for example. can do. In certain examples, the ability of cutting edge 182 to reflect light may correlate with the sharpness of cutting edge 182. In other words, reducing the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 may reduce the ability of the cutting edge 182 to reflect light. Thus, in a particular example, the dullness of the cutting edge 182 can be evaluated, for example, by monitoring the intensity of light reflected from the cutting edge 182. In certain examples, the light sensor 1108 may define a light sensitive area. The optical sensor 1108 can be oriented, for example, such that the light sensitive region is disposed within the path of the cutting edge 182. The light sensor 1108 may be used to sense light reflected from the cutting edge 182 with, for example, the cutting edge 182 in the light sensing area. A decrease in the intensity of the reflected light that exceeds the threshold may indicate that the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 has decreased beyond an acceptable level.

  Referring again to FIGS. 74-76, module 1106 may include one or more light sources, such as light source 1110, for example. In a particular example, module 1106 may include a microcontroller 1112 (“controller”) that may be operatively coupled to light sensor 1108, as shown in FIG. In certain examples, controller 1112 may include a microprocessor 1114 (“processor”) and one or more computer-readable media or memory units 1116 (“memory”). In particular examples, memory 1116 may store various program instructions, which when executed may perform multiple functions and / or calculations described herein. In particular examples, memory 1116 may be coupled to processor 1114, for example. The power source 1118 can be configured to supply power to the controller 1112, the light sensor 1108, and / or the light source 1110, for example. In certain examples, the power source 1118 may include a battery (or “battery pack” or “power pack”), such as a Li-ion battery, for example. In certain examples, the battery pack may be configured to be releasably attached to the handle 14 to provide power to the surgical instrument 10. A large number of battery cells connected in series may be used as the power source 4428. In particular examples, power source 1118 may be replaceable and / or rechargeable, for example.

  Controller 1112 and / or other controllers of the present disclosure may be implemented using integrated and / or discrete hardware elements, software elements, and / or a combination of both. Examples of integrated hardware elements include processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers, integrated circuits, ASICs, PLDs, DSPs, FPGAs, logic gates, registers, semiconductor devices, chips, microchips, chipsets, microcontrollers, SoCs, And / or SIP may be mentioned. Examples of discrete hardware elements may include circuits and / or circuit elements such as logic gates, field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and / or relays. In particular examples, the controller 1112 may include a hybrid circuit that includes discrete and integrated circuit elements or components, for example, on one or more substrates.

  In a particular example, the controller 1112 and / or other controller of the present disclosure may be, for example, an LM 4F230H5QR available from Texas Instruments. In a specific example, Texas Instruments' LM4F230H5QR has over 40MHz performance with on-chip memory up to 40MHz, 256KB single cycle flash memory or other non-volatile memory, among other readily available characteristics. Improved prefetch buffer, 32KB single cycle SRAM, internal ROM with StellarisWare (R) software, 2KB EEPROM, one or more PWM modules, one or more An ARM Cortex-M4F processor core with QEI analog and one or more 12-bit ADCs with 12 analog input channels. Other microcontrollers may be readily substituted for use with the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure should not be limited to this context.

  In a particular example, the light source 1110 can be used to emit light that can be directed, for example, to the cutting edge 182 in the light sensitive region. The light sensor 1108 may be used to measure the intensity of light reflected from the cutting edge 182 while in the light sensitive region in response to exposure to light emitted by the light source 1110. In particular examples, the processor 1114 may receive one or more values of the measured intensity of the reflected light, and may determine one or more values of the measured intensity of the reflected light, For example, it may be stored in the memory 1116. The stored value can be detected and / or recorded, for example, before, after, and / or during a plurality of surgical procedures performed by the surgical instrument 10.

  In particular examples, the processor 1114 may compare the measured intensity of the reflected light to a predefined threshold that may be stored, for example, in the memory 1116. In certain examples, the controller 1112 has exceeded a predefined threshold, for example, the measured light intensity is greater than 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and / or 100%. In some cases, it may be concluded that the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is below an acceptable level. In a particular example, the processor 1114 may be used to detect a decreasing trend in the stored value of the measured intensity of light reflected from the cutting blade 182 that is in the light sensitive region.

  In certain examples, surgical instrument 10 may include one or more feedback systems, such as feedback system 1120, for example. In a particular example, the processor 1114 uses the feedback system 1120 to determine if the measured light intensity of light reflected from the cutting edge 182 while in the light sensitive area exceeds a stored threshold, for example, Can be warned. In certain examples, feedback system 1120 may comprise one or more visual feedback systems, such as a display screen, backlight, and / or LED, for example. In certain examples, feedback system 1120 may comprise one or more audio feedback systems, such as speakers and / or buzzers, for example. In particular examples, feedback system 1120 may comprise one or more haptic feedback systems, for example. In particular examples, feedback system 1120 may comprise a combination of, for example, visual, audio, and / or haptic feedback systems.

  In certain examples, the surgical instrument 10 may include a firing lockout mechanism 1122 that can be used to prevent advancement of the cutting blade 182. Various suitable launch lockout mechanisms are described in further detail in US Patent Application Publication No. US2014 / 0001231, filed June 28, 2012, entitled “FIRING SYSTEM LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”, in its entirety. Incorporated herein by reference. In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 76, a processor 1114 can be operatively coupled to a lockout mechanism 1122, which allows the measured intensity of light reflected from the cutting edge 182 to be stored, for example. If the threshold is exceeded, the lockout mechanism 1122 may be used to prevent the cutting edge 182 from advancing. In other words, the processor 1114 may activate the lockout mechanism 1122 if the cutting edge is not sharp enough to cut the tissue captured by the end effector 300.

  In a particular example, light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be housed in the distal portion of shaft assembly 200. In a particular example, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 can be evaluated by the optical sensor 1108 as described above prior to transitioning the cutting edge 182 into the end effector 300. Firing bar 172 (FIG. 20) may be used to advance cutting edge 182 through a light sensitive area defined by light sensor 1108, for example, before cutting edge 182 is within shaft assembly 182 and enters end effector 300. Good. In certain examples, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 can be assessed by the optical sensor 1108 after the cutting edge 182 has been retracted proximally from the end effector 300. The firing bar 172 (FIG. 20) may, for example, retract the cutting edge 182 through the light sensing area defined by the light sensor 1108 after the cutting edge 182 has been retracted from the end effector 300 into the shaft assembly 200. Also good.

  In certain examples, the optical sensor 1108 and the light source 1110 can be housed in a proximal portion of the end effector 300, which can be, for example, proximal of the staple cartridge 1100. The sharpness of the cutting blade 182 can be evaluated by the optical sensor 1108 after, for example, the cutting blade 182 is transitioned into the end effector 300 but before the staple cartridge 1100 is engaged. In a particular example, the firing bar 172 (FIG. 20) is, for example, a light sensitive area defined by the light sensor 1108 with the cutting edge 182 in the end effector 300 but prior to engaging the staple cartridge 1100. The cutting edge 182 may be advanced through.

  In various examples, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 can be assessed by the optical sensor 1108 as the cutting edge 182 is advanced through the slot 193 by the firing bar 172. As shown in FIG. 74, the light sensor 1108 and the light source 1110 can be housed in, for example, the proximal portion 1102 of the staple cartridge 1100, and the sharpness of the cutting blade 182 is, for example, a light sensor 1108 can be evaluated. The firing bar 172 (FIG. 20) is, for example, light sensitive defined by a light sensor 1108 at the proximal portion 1102 before the cutting edge 182 engages the captured tissue between the staple cartridge 1100 and the anvil 306. The cutting edge 182 may be advanced through the region. In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 74, the optical sensor 1108 and the light source 1110 can be housed in the distal portion 1104 of the staple cartridge 1100, for example. The sharpness of the cutting edge 182 can be assessed by the optical sensor 1108 at the distal portion 1104. In certain examples, firing bar 172 (FIG. 20) is defined by light sensor 1108 at distal portion 1104 after, for example, cutting edge 182 has penetrated tissue captured between staple cartridge 1100 and anvil 306. The cutting edge 182 may be advanced through the light sensitive area.

  Referring again to FIG. 74, the staple cartridge 1100 may include, for example, a plurality of light sensors 1108 and a plurality of corresponding light sources 1110. In certain examples, the pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be housed, for example, in the proximal portion 1102 of the staple cartridge 1100 and the pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be disposed, for example, distal of the staple cartridge 1100. Part 1104 can be accommodated. In such an example, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is evaluated, for example, at the proximal portion 1102 first before engaging the tissue, and for example, the second time at the distal portion 1104 after penetrating the captured tissue. can do.

  The reader will appreciate that the optical sensor 1108 may evaluate the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 multiple times during a surgical procedure. For example, the sharpness of the cutting edge is determined while the cutting edge 182 advances through the slot 193 in the first firing stroke, and for example, while the cutting edge 182 moves back through the slot 193 in the second return stroke. Can be evaluated. In other words, for example, the light reflected from the cutting edge 182 is measured by the same light sensor 1108 once when the cutting edge is advanced through the light sensing area and once when the cutting edge 182 is retracted through the light sensing area. Can do.

  The reader will appreciate that the processor 1114 may receive multiple readings of the intensity of light reflected from the cutting blade 182 from one or more of the light sensors 1108. In certain examples, the processor 1114 may be configured to discard, for example, outliers and calculate an average reading from multiple readings. In a particular example, for example, the average reading can be compared to a threshold stored in memory 1116. In certain examples, the processor 1114 may alert the user through the feedback system 1120 and / or activate the lockout mechanism 1122, for example, if the calculated average reading exceeds a threshold stored in the memory 1116. May be configured.

  In a particular example, a pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be positioned on either side of staple cartridge 1100, as shown in FIGS. In other words, the light sensor 1108 can be positioned, for example, on the first side 1124 of the slot 193 and the light source 1110 can be positioned, for example, on the second side 1126 opposite the first side 1124 of the slot 193. it can. In a particular example, a pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be disposed substantially in a plane transverse to staple cartridge 1100, as shown in FIG. The pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be oriented to define a light sensitive region that is positioned, or at least substantially positioned, on a surface transverse to the staple cartridge 1100, for example. Alternatively, the pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 may be oriented to define a light sensitive region positioned, for example, proximate to a plane transverse to the staple cartridge 1100, as shown in FIG. it can.

  In a particular example, the pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be located on the same side of the staple cartridge 1100. In other words, as shown in FIG. 79, the pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 is positioned on the first side of the cutting edge 182, for example on the surface 1128, as the cutting edge 182 is advanced through the slot 193. Can do. In such an example, the light source 1110 can be oriented to direct light toward the surface 1128 of the cutting edge 182, and the intensity of light reflected from the surface 1128 as measured by the optical sensor 1108 is the sharpness of the surface 1128. May be represented.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 80, a second pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be positioned on the second side of cutting edge 182, eg, surface 1130. The second pair can be used to evaluate the sharpness of the surface 1130. For example, the second pair of light sources 1110 can be oriented to direct light to the surface 1130 of the cutting edge 182 and the light reflected from the surface 1130 as measured by the second pair of light sensors 1108. The strength may represent the sharpness of the surface 1130. In particular examples, the processor can be configured to estimate the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 based on, for example, the measured intensity of light reflected from the surfaces 1128 and 1130 of the cutting edge 182.

  In a particular example, a pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 can be housed in the distal portion 1104 of the staple cartridge 1100, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 81, the light source 1108 can be positioned, or at least substantially positioned, on an axis LL that extends longitudinally along the path of the cutting edge 182 through the slot 193, for example. In addition, the light source 1110 can be positioned distally of the cutting blade 182 and oriented to direct light toward the cutting blade 182 as the cutting blade is advanced toward the light source 1110, for example. Further, the optical sensor 1108 can be positioned along or at least substantially positioned along an axis AA that intersects the axis LL, as shown in FIG. In a particular example, for example, axis AA may be perpendicular to axis LL. In either case, the light sensor 1108 can be oriented to define a light sensitive region at the intersection of the axis LL and the axis AA, for example.

  The reader will appreciate that the position, orientation, and / or number of light sensors and corresponding light sources described herein in connection with surgical instrument 10 are exemplary embodiments for purposes of illustration. Will be done. Various other arrangements of light sensors and light sources can be used according to the present disclosure to assess the sharpness of the cutting edge 182.

  The reader will be able to advance the cutting blade 182 through the tissue captured by the end effector 300 to allow the cutting blade to collect tissue debris and / or body fluid during each firing of the surgical instrument 10. Will be understood. Such debris can interfere with the ability of module 1106 to accurately assess the sharpness of cutting edge 182. In certain examples, the surgical instrument 10 is equipped with one or more cleaning mechanisms that can be used, for example, to clean the cutting edge 182 before assessing the sharpness of the cutting edge 182. Can do. In particular examples, as shown in FIG. 82, the cleaning mechanism 1131 may comprise, for example, one or more cleaning members 1132. In a particular example, the cleaning member 1132 can be disposed on either side of the slot 193 to receive the cutting edge 182 therebetween, for example, as the cutting edge 182 is advanced through the slot 193 (see FIG. 82). about). In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 82, the cleaning member 1132 may comprise a wiper blade, for example. In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 830, the cleaning member 1132 may comprise a sponge, for example. The reader will appreciate that a variety of other cleaning members can be used, for example, to clean the cutting blade 182.

  Referring to FIG. 74, in certain examples, the staple cartridge 1100 may include a first pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 that may be housed in the proximal portion 1102 of the staple cartridge 1100, for example. Further, as shown in FIG. 74, the staple cartridge 1100 may include a first pair of cleaning members 1132 that can be received in the proximal portion 1102 on either side of the slot 193. The first pair of cleaning members 1132 can be positioned distal to the first pair of photosensors 1108 and light sources 1110, for example. As shown in FIG. 74, the staple cartridge 1100 may include a second pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 that can be housed in the distal portion 1104 of the staple cartridge 1100, for example. As shown in FIG. 74, the staple cartridge 1100 may include a second pair of cleaning members 1132 that can be received in the distal portion 1104 on either side of the slot 193. The second pair of cleaning members 1132 can be positioned proximal to the second pair of photosensors 1108 and light sources 1110, for example.

  In addition to the above, as shown in FIG. 74, the cutting edge 182 may be advanced distally on the firing stroke to cut tissue captured by the end effector 300. When advancing the cutting edge, for example, a first assessment of the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 can be made by the first pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 prior to tissue engagement by the cutting edge 182. The second evaluation of the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 can be performed, for example, by the second pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 after excising the tissue from which the cutting edge 182 was captured. The cutting blade 182 is advanced through a second pair of cleaning members 1132 prior to a second assessment of the sharpness of the cutting blade 182 to remove residual material collected by the cutting blade 182 while ablating the captured tissue. Any debris may be removed.

  In addition to the above, as shown in FIG. 74, the cutting edge 182 may be retracted proximally on the return stroke. When retracting the cutting edge, a third assessment of the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 can be made by the first pair of light sensor 1108 and light source 1110 during the return stroke. The cutting edge 182 is retracted through the first pair of cleaning members 1132 prior to a third assessment of the sharpness of the cutting edge 182, for example, collected by the cutting edge 182 while excising the captured tissue. Any generated debris may be removed.

  In certain examples, one or more light sources 1110 may comprise one or more fiber optic cables. In certain examples, one or more flexible circuits 1134 can be used to transfer energy from the power source 1118 to the light sensor 1108 and / or the light source 1110. In certain examples, the flexible circuit 1134 may be configured to communicate one or more of the optical sensor 1108 readings to the controller 1112, for example.

  Referring now to FIG. 84, a staple cartridge 4300 is shown, but the staple cartridge 4300 is similar in many respects to the staple cartridge 304 (FIG. 20). For example, the staple cartridge 4300 can be used with the end effector 300. In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 84, the staple cartridge 4300 may include a sharpness test member 4302 that can be used to test the sharpness of the cutting edge 182. In certain examples, the sharpness test member 4302 can be attached to and / or integrated with the cartridge body 194 of the staple cartridge 4300, for example. In certain examples, the sharpness test member 4302 can be disposed on the proximal portion 1102 of the staple cartridge 4300, for example. In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 84, the sharpness test member 4302 can be disposed on the cartridge deck 4304 of the staple cartridge 4300, for example.

  In particular examples, as shown in FIG. 84, the sharpness test member 4302 extends across the slot 193 of the staple cartridge 4300 to bridge, for example, or at least a gap defined by the slot 193. Can be partially bridged. In certain examples, the sharpness test member 4302 may block or at least partially block the path of the cutting edge 182. The cutting edge 182 may engage, cut, and / or pass the sharpness test member 4302 as the cutting edge 182 is advanced, for example, during a firing stroke. In certain examples, cutting edge 182 is configured to engage, cut, and / or pass sharpness test member 4302, for example, prior to engaging tissue captured by end effector 300 during a firing stroke. May be. In certain examples, the cutting edge 182 engages the sharpness test member 4302 at the proximal end 4306 of the sharpness test member 4302, for example, at the distal end 4308 of the sharpness test member 4302. May be configured to exit and / or disengage it. In a particular example, the cutting edge 182 moves the sharpness test member 4302 at a distance (D) between the proximal end 4306 and the distal end 4308 as the cutting edge 182 is advanced, for example, during a firing stroke. Can be moved and / or cut through.

  Referring primarily to FIGS. 84 and 85, the surgical instrument 10 may include a sharpness test module 4310 for testing the sharpness of the cutting edge 182, for example. In a particular example, module 4310 can evaluate the sharpness of cutting edge 182 by testing its ability to advance cutting edge 182 through sharpness test member 4302. For example, the module 4310 can be configured to observe the time it takes for the cutting edge 182 to completely traverse and / or completely pass at least a predetermined portion of the sharpness test member 4302. If the observed period exceeds a predetermined threshold, module 4310 may conclude, for example, that the sharpness of cutting edge 182 is below an acceptable level.

  In particular examples, module 4310 may include a microprocessor 4312 (“controller”) that may include a microprocessor 4314 (“processor”) and one or more computer-readable media or memory units 4316 (“memory”). ]). In particular examples, memory 4316 may store various program instructions, and when executed, processor 4314 may perform multiple functions and / or calculations described herein. In particular examples, memory 4316 may be coupled to processor 4314, for example. The power source 4318 can be configured to supply power to the controller 4312, for example. In certain examples, the power source 4138 may include a battery (or “battery pack” or “power pack”), such as a Li-ion battery, for example. In a particular example, the battery pack may be configured to be releasably attached to the handle 14. A large number of battery cells connected in series may be used as the power source 4318. In certain examples, power source 4318 may be replaceable and / or rechargeable, for example.

  In particular examples, processor 4313 can be operatively coupled to, for example, feedback system 1120 and / or lockout mechanism 1122.

  Referring to FIGS. 84 and 85, module 4310 may comprise one or more position sensors. An exemplary position sensor and positioning system suitable for use with the present disclosure is disclosed in US patent application Ser. No. 13 / 803,210 filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled “SENSOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ABSOLUTE POSITIONING FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”. The entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In a particular example, module 4310 may include a first position sensor 4320 and a second position sensor 4322. In particular examples, the first position sensor 4320 can be used to detect a first position of the cutting edge 182 at the proximal end 4306 of the sharpness test member 4302, for example, and the second position sensor 4322. Can be used, for example, to detect the second position of the cutting edge 182 at the distal end 4308 of the sharpness test member 4302.

  In a particular example, position sensors 4320 and 4322 can be used to provide first and second position signals to microcontroller 4312, respectively. It will be appreciated that the position signal may be an analog signal or a digital value based on the interface between the microcontroller 4312 and the position sensors 4320 and 4322. In one embodiment, the interface between the microcontroller 4312 and the position sensors 4320 and 4322 can be a standard serial peripheral interface (SPI), and the position signal is the first of the cutting edge 182 as described above. It can be a digital value representing the first and second positions.

  In addition to the above, the processor 4314 may determine a period between reception of the first position signal and reception of the second position signal. The determined time period is, for example, a cutting blade through the sharpness test member 4302 from a first position at the proximal end 4306 of the sharpness test member 4302 to a second position at the distal end 4308 of the sharpness test member 4302, for example. This may correspond to the time taken to advance 182. In at least one example, the controller 4312 may include a time element that can be activated by the processor 4314 upon receipt of a first position signal and deactivated upon receipt of a second position signal. The period between the activation and deactivation of the time element may correspond to, for example, the time taken to advance the cutting edge 182 from the first position to the second position. The time element may comprise a real time clock, a processor configured to implement a time function, or any other suitable timing circuit.

  In various examples, the controller 4312 compares the time it takes to advance the cutting edge 182 from the first position to the second position with a predefined threshold, for example, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 It can be estimated whether it is below an acceptable level. In particular examples, the controller 4312 may determine that the measured period exceeds a predefined threshold, eg, greater than 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and / or 100%. In addition, it may be concluded that the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is below an acceptable level.

  Referring to FIG. 86, in various examples, electric motor 4330 drives firing bar 172 (FIG. 20) to advance cutting edge 182 during a firing stroke and / or during a return stroke, for example. The cutting blade 182 can be retracted. The motor driver 4332 can control the electric motor 4330, for example, a microcontroller such as the microcontroller 4312 can be in signal communication with the motor driver 4332. As the electric motor 4330 advances the cutting blade 182, the microcontroller 4312 can determine the current drawn by the electric motor 4330, for example. In such an example, the force required to advance the cutting blade 182 can correspond to, for example, the current drawn by the electric motor 4330. Still referring to FIG. 86, the microcontroller 4312 of the surgical instrument 10 can determine whether the current drawn by the electric motor 4330 during the advancement of the cutting blade 182 has increased, and if so, the increase in current. The percentage can be calculated.

  In a particular example, the current drawn by the electric motor 4330 can increase significantly due to the resistance of the sharpness test member 4302 to the cutting edge 182 while the cutting edge 182 is in contact with the sharpness test member 4302. For example, the current drawn by the electric motor 4330 can increase significantly as the cutting edge 182 engages, passes, and / or cuts the sharpness test member 4302. The resistance of the sharpness test member 4302 to the cutting edge 182 depends in part on the sharpness of the cutting edge 182, and as the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 decreases with repeated use, the sharpness test member 4302 resistance to the cutting edge 182 is reduced. The reader will understand that resistance increases. Thus, while the cutting edge is in contact with the sharpness test member 4302, the value of the rate of increase in current drawn by the motor 4330 may increase, for example, as the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 decreases with repeated use.

  In a particular example, the determined value of the rate of increase in current drawn by motor 4330 can be the maximum detected increase rate of current drawn by motor 4330. In various examples, the microcontroller 4312 can compare the determined value of the rate of increase in current drawn by the motor 4330 with a predefined threshold of the rate of increase in current drawn by the motor 4330. If the determined value exceeds a predefined threshold, the microcontroller 4312 may conclude, for example, that the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is below an acceptable level.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 86, processor 4314 can be in communication with, for example, feedback system 1120 and / or lockout mechanism 1122. In a particular example, using the feedback system 1120, the processor 4314 can alert the user if the determined value of the rate of increase in current drawn by the motor 4330 exceeds a predefined threshold. In a particular example, the lockout mechanism 1122 may be used to cause the processor 4314 to advance the cutting edge 182 if, for example, the determined value of the rate of increase in current drawn by the motor 4330 exceeds a predefined threshold. It may be prevented.

  In various examples, the microcontroller 43312 can utilize an algorithm to determine a change in current drawn by the electric motor 4330. For example, the current sensor can detect the current drawn by the electric motor 4330 during the firing stroke. The current sensor can continuously detect current drawn by the electric motor and / or can intermittently detect current draw by the electric motor. In various examples, the algorithm can, for example, compare a recent current reading with a previous current reading. In addition, or alternatively, the algorithm can compare the sample reading within time period X to the previous current reading. For example, the algorithm can compare a sample reading with a previous sample reading in a previous period X, such as the immediately preceding period X, for example. In another example, the algorithm can calculate a trending average of the current drawn by the motor. The algorithm can calculate the average current draw during period X, including, for example, recent current readings, and also compare the average current draw with, for example, the average current draw during the previous period X Can do.

  Referring to FIG. 87, a method for assessing the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 of the surgical instrument 10 is shown, wherein the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is, for example, up to a warning threshold and / or a high stringency threshold, and Various responses have been outlined as they fall below / or below. In various examples, a microcontroller, such as microcontroller 4312, for example, can be configured to implement the method shown in FIG. In certain examples, the surgical instrument 10 may include a load cell 4334 (FIG. 86), and the microcontroller 4312 may be in communication with the load cell 4334, as shown in FIG. In certain examples, load cell 4334 may include a force sensor, such as a strain gauge, that may be operably coupled to firing bar 172, for example. In a particular example, the microcontroller 4312 may use the load cell 4334 to monitor the force (Fx) applied to the cutting edge 182 as the cutting edge 182 is advanced during the firing stroke.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 88, the load cell 4334 may include a force applied to the cutting edge 182 with, for example, the cutting edge 182 engaged and / or in contact with the sharpness test member 4302. It can be configured to monitor (Fx). While the cutting blade 182 is engaged and / or in contact with the sharpness test member 4302, the force (Fx) applied to the cutting blade 182 by the sharpness test member 4302 is at least partially in the cutting blade 182. The reader will understand that it can depend on the sharpness. In certain examples, the decrease in sharpness of cutting edge 182 may result in an increase in the force (FX) required for cutting edge 182 to cut or pass sharpness test member 4302. For example, as shown in FIG. 88, graphs 4336, 4338, and 4340 pass through three identical, or at least substantially identical, sharpness test members 4302 through which the cutting edge 182 is a predefined distance (D). This represents the force (Fx) applied to the cutting edge 182 during the movement. The graph 4336 corresponds to the first sharpness of the cutting edge 182, the graph 4338 corresponds to the second sharpness of the cutting edge 182, and the graph 4340 corresponds to the third sharpness of the cutting edge 182. . The first sharpness is higher than the second sharpness, and the second sharpness is higher than the third sharpness.

  In particular examples, the microcontroller 4312 may compare the maximum value of the monitored force (Fx) applied to the cutting edge 182 with one or more predefined thresholds. In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 88, the predefined threshold may include a warning threshold (F1) and / or a high severity threshold (F2). In a particular example, as shown in graph 4336 of FIG. 88, the monitored force (Fx) can be, for example, less than a warning threshold (F1). In such an example, as shown in FIG. 87, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is at a good level, and the microcontroller 4312 may not perform an action to warn the user about the state of the cutting edge 182, or The user may be notified that the sharpness of the blade 182 is within an acceptable range.

  In a particular example, as shown in graph 4338 of FIG. 88, the monitored force (Fx) may be greater than, for example, a warning threshold (F1) but less than a high severity threshold (F2). it can. In such an example, as shown in FIG. 87, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is dull, but may still be within an acceptable level. The microcontroller 4312 may not perform an operation of warning the user regarding the state of the cutting blade 182. Alternatively, the microcontroller 4312 may notify the user that the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 is within an acceptable range. Alternatively or in addition, the microcontroller 4312 may determine or estimate the number of cutting cycles remaining in the life cycle of the cutting blade 182 and may warn the user accordingly.

  In a particular example, the memory 4316 may include a database or table that correlates the number of cutting cycles remaining in the life cycle of the cutting blade 182 with a default value of the monitored force (Fx). The processor 4314 may access the memory 4316 to determine the number of cutting cycles remaining in the life cycle of the cutting blade 182 corresponding to a particular measurement of the monitored force (Fx), for example, The user may be warned of the number of cutting cycles remaining in the life cycle of the cutting blade 182.

  In a particular example, as shown in graph 4340 of FIG. 88, the monitored force (Fx) can be, for example, above a high severity threshold (F2). In such an example, as shown in FIG. 87, the sharpness of the cutting edge 182 may be below an acceptable level. In response, the microcontroller 4312 may use the feedback system 1120 to alert the user that, for example, the cutting edge 182 is too dull to be used safely. In a particular example, for example, upon detecting that the monitored force (Fx) exceeds a high stringency threshold (F2), the microcontroller 4312 uses the lockout mechanism 1122 to Advances may be prevented. In a particular example, the microcontroller 4312 may use the feedback system 1122 to provide a user with instructions to override the lockout mechanism 1122, for example.

  Referring to FIG. 89, whether a cutting edge such as cutting edge 182 is sharp enough to be used, for example, to cut tissue of a particular tissue thickness that is captured by end effector 300. A method for judging is shown. In a particular example, the microcontroller 4312 can be implemented to perform the method shown, for example, in FIG. As described above, repeated use of the cutting edge 182 may blunt the cutting edge 182 or reduce its sharpness, thereby increasing the force required for the cutting edge 182 to excise the captured tissue. There are things to do. In other words, the sharpness level of the cutting edge 182 can be defined, for example, by the force required to excise the tissue from which the cutting edge 182 has been captured. The reader will appreciate that the force required for the cutting blade 182 to excise the captured tissue can also depend on the thickness of the captured tissue. In certain instances, the greater the thickness of the captured tissue, the greater the force required for the cutting edge 182 to excise the captured tissue, for example, at the same sharpness level.

  In certain examples, the cutting edge 182 may be sharp enough to excise the captured tissue including the first thickness, but may have a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness, for example. The sharpness may not be sufficient to excise the captured tissue that contains it. In a particular example, the sharpness level of the cutting edge 182 as defined by the force required for the cutting edge 182 to excise the captured tissue is, for example, that the captured tissue is within a specific tissue thickness range. May be appropriate for excising the captured tissue. In particular examples, as shown in FIG. 90, memory 4316 may include one or more predefined tissue thickness ranges of tissue captured by end effector 300, and predefined tissue thickness. A predefined threshold force associated with the range can be stored. In a particular example, each predefined threshold force is for ablating captured tissue that includes a tissue thickness (Tx) encompassed by a tissue thickness range associated with the predefined threshold force. It may represent the minimum sharpness level of the cutting edge 182 that is preferred. In a particular example, the force (Fx) required for the cutting edge 182 to ablate the captured tissue including the tissue thickness (Tx) is a predefined tissue thickness range that includes the tissue thickness (Tx). If the predefined threshold force associated with is exceeded, the cutting edge 182 may not be sharp enough to excise the captured tissue, for example.

  In certain examples, the predefined threshold forces and their corresponding predefined tissue thickness ranges are stored in a database and / or a table on memory 4316, such as table 4342 as shown in FIG. 90, for example. can do. In a particular example, the processor 4314 receives a measurement of the force (Fx) required for the cutting edge 182 to excise the captured tissue and a measurement of the tissue thickness (Tx) of the captured tissue. Can be configured. The processor 4314 may access the table 4342 to determine a predefined tissue thickness range that includes the measured tissue thickness (Tx). In addition, the processor 4314 may compare the measured force (Fx) to a predefined threshold force associated with a predefined tissue thickness range that includes tissue thickness (Tx). . In a particular example, if the measured force (Fx) exceeds a predefined threshold force, the processor 4314 may not be sharp enough to, for example, cut the tissue that the cutting blade 182 has captured. You may conclude that there is.

  In addition to the above, the processor 4314 may determine the thickness of the captured tissue using one or more tissue thickness sensing modules, such as a tissue thickness sensing module 4336, for example. Various suitable tissue thickness sensing modules are described in this disclosure. In addition, various tissue thickness sensing devices and methods suitable for use with the present disclosure are disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. US2011 / 0155781, filed December 24, 2009, entitled “SURGICAL COUNTING INSTRUMENT THAT ANALYZES”. TISSUE TICHKNESS ”, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

  In a particular example, the processor 4314 may use the load cell 4334 to measure the force (Fx) required for the cutting blade 182 to excise the captured tissue with tissue thickness (Tx). While the cutting blade 182 is engaged and / or in contact with the captured tissue, the force applied to the cutting blade 182 by the captured tissue advances the cutting blade 182 relative to the captured tissue. The reader will appreciate that the cutting edge 182 may increase to a force (Fx) that can ablate the captured tissue. In a particular example, the processor 4314 uses the load cell 4334 to continuously monitor the force applied to the cutting edge 182 by the captured tissue as the cutting edge 182 is advanced relative to the captured tissue. May be. The processor 4314 continuously compares the monitored force with a predefined threshold force associated with a predefined tissue thickness range that includes the tissue thickness (Tx) of the captured tissue. Also good. In a particular example, if the monitored force exceeds a predefined threshold force, the processor 4314 may conclude, for example, that the cutting edge is not sharp enough to safely cut the captured tissue. Good.

  The method described in FIG. 89 outlines various exemplary operations that the processor 4313 may take, for example, if it is determined that the cutting edge 182 is not sharp enough to safely ablate the captured tissue. ing. In certain examples, the microcontroller 4312 may note to the user that the cutting edge 182 is too dull and cannot be used safely, for example, through the feedback system 1120. In a particular example, if the microcontroller 4312 concludes, for example, that the cutting edge 182 is not sharp enough to safely excise the captured tissue, the lockout mechanism 1122 is used to prevent the cutting edge 182 from advancing. May be. In a particular example, the microcontroller 4312 may use the feedback system 1122 to provide a user with instructions to override the lockout mechanism 1122, for example.

Multiple Motor Controls for Electric Medical Devices FIGS. 91-93 illustrate various apparatus, systems, and methods using a common control module with multiple motors connected to a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 4400, for example. The embodiment is shown. Surgical instrument 4400 is similar in many respects to other surgical instruments described by the present disclosure, such as, for example, surgical instrument 10 of FIG. 1 described in more detail above. For example, as shown in FIG. 91, the surgical instrument 4400 includes a housing 12, a handle 14, a closure trigger 32, a shaft assembly 200, and a surgical end effector 300. Accordingly, for the sake of brevity and clarity of disclosure, detailed descriptions of specific characteristics of surgical instrument 4400 that are common with surgical instrument 10 will not be repeated here.

  Referring primarily to FIG. 92, surgical instrument 4400 may include a plurality of motors that can be activated to perform various functions associated with the operation of surgical instrument 4400. In a particular example, a first motor can be activated to perform a first function, a second motor can be activated to perform a second function, and a third The motor can be activated to perform the third function. In certain examples, the plurality of motors of surgical instrument 4400 can be individually activated to cause articulation, closure movement, and / or firing movement at end effector 300. Articulation, closure, and / or firing movements can be transmitted to the end effector 300, eg, through the shaft assembly 200.

  In certain examples, as shown in FIG. 92, surgical instrument 4400 may include a firing motor 4402. Firing motor 4402 may be operatively coupled to firing drive assembly 4404 that may be configured to transmit the firing motion generated by motor 4402 to end effector 300. In certain examples, the firing motion generated by motor 4402 may, for example, deploy staple 191 from staple cartridge 304 and into tissue captured by end effector 300 and / or advance cutting blade 182 to The captured tissue may be cut.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 92, surgical instrument 4400 may include, for example, a joint motor 4406. The motor 4406 may be operably coupled to a joint drive assembly 4408 that may be configured to transmit articulation generated by the motor 4406 to the end effector 300. In certain examples, articulation may, for example, cause end effector 300 to articulate relative to shaft assembly 200. In certain examples, surgical instrument 4400 may include a closure motor, for example. The closure motor may be operably coupled to a closure drive assembly that may be configured to transmit a closing motion to the end effector 300. In certain examples, the closing motion may, for example, cause the end effector 300 to transition from an open configuration to a proximate configuration to capture tissue. The reader will appreciate that the motors and their corresponding drive assemblies described herein are intended as examples of types of motors and / or drive assemblies that can be used in connection with the present disclosure. Will be done. Surgical instrument 4400 may include a variety of other motors that can be utilized to perform various other functions associated with the operation of surgical instrument 4400.

  As described above, the surgical instrument 4400 may include a plurality of motors that may be configured to perform various independent functions. In certain examples, the multiple motors of surgical instrument 4400 can be activated individually or separately to perform one or more functions while the other motors are stopped. For example, the end effector 300 can be articulated while the joint motor 4406 is activated and the firing motor 4402 is stopped. Alternatively, firing motor 4402 may be activated to fire a plurality of staples 191 and / or advance cutting edge 182 while articulation motor 4406 remains stopped.

  In certain examples, surgical instrument 4400 may include a common control module 4410 that can be used with multiple motors of surgical instrument 4400. In a particular example, the common control module 4410 may accommodate one of a plurality of motors at a time. For example, the common control module 4410 can be separately coupleable to multiple motors of the surgical instrument 4400 individually. In certain examples, multiple motors of surgical instrument 4400 may share one or more common control modules, such as module 4410. In certain examples, the multiple motors of surgical instrument 4400 can individually and selectively engage common control module 4410. In a particular example, module 4410 can selectively switch from linking with one of the plurality of motors of surgical instrument 4400 to linking with another one of the plurality of motors of surgical instrument 4400. .

  In at least one example, module 4410 can selectively switch between operable engagement with articulation motor 4406 and operable engagement with firing motor 4402. In at least one example, as shown in FIG. 92, the switch 4414 can move or transition between a plurality of positions and / or states, such as a first position 4416 and a second position 4418, for example. . For example, in the first position 4416, the switch 4414 may electrically couple the module 4410 to the articulation motor 4406, and in the second position 4418, the switch 4414 electrically couples the module 4410 to the firing motor 4402. May be. In a particular example, while switch 4414 is in first position 4416, module 4410 is electrically coupled to articulation motor 4406 to operate motor 4406 to articulate end effector 300 to a desired position. Can be controlled. In a particular example, module 4410 is electrically coupled to firing motor 4402 while, for example, switch 4414 is in second position 4418 to fire a plurality of staples 191 and / or advance cutting edge 182, for example. Thus, the operation of the motor 4402 can be controlled. In particular examples, switch 4414 may be a mechanical switch, electromagnetic switch, solid state switch, or any suitable switching mechanism.

  Referring now to FIG. 93, for clarity of disclosure, the outer casing of the handle 14 of the surgical instrument 4400 has been removed and some characteristics and elements of the surgical instrument 4400 have also been removed. In certain examples, as shown in FIG. 93, the surgical instrument 4400 may include an interface 4412 that can be selectively transitioned between a plurality of positions and / or states. In the first position and / or state, the interface 4412 may couple the module 4410 to a first motor, eg, a joint motor 4406, and in the second position and / or state, the interface 4412 may be a module. 4410 may be coupled to a second motor, such as firing motor 4402, for example. Additional locations and / or states of interface 4412 are envisioned by this disclosure.

  In a particular example, the interface 4412 is movable between a first position and a second position, and the module 4410 is a first motor in the first position and a second in the second position. Coupled to the motor. In a particular example, when interface 4412 is moved from the first position, module 4410 is disconnected from the first motor, and when interface 4412 is moved from the second position, module 4410 is Disconnected from the motor. In certain examples, the switch or trigger can be configured to cause the interface 4412 to transition between multiple positions and / or states. In certain examples, the trigger activates the end effector and, at the same time, causes the control module 4410 to separate from one of the surgical instrument 4400 motors from an operable engagement with one of the surgical instrument 4400 motors. Can be movable to transition to operable engagement with one of the two.

  In at least one example, as shown in FIG. 93, the closure trigger 32 can be operably coupled to the interface 4412 and configured to transition the interface 4412 between multiple positions and / or states. be able to. As shown in FIG. 93, the closure trigger 32 transitions the interface 4412 from a first position and / or state to a second position and / or state, for example during a closing stroke, while the end effector 300 is Transitioning to a proximate configuration can be movable, for example to capture tissue by an end effector.

  In a particular example, in a first position and / or state, module 4410 can be electrically coupled to a first motor, such as, for example, articulation motor 4406, and in a second position and / or state, the module 4410 can be electrically coupled to a second motor, such as, for example, firing motor 4402. In the first position and / or condition, module 4410 may be engaged with articulation motor 4406 to allow the user to articulate end effector 300 to a desired position, and module 4410 may trigger 32. May remain engaged with articulation motor 4406 until actuated. When the user activates the closure trigger 32 and captures tissue by the end effector 300 in the desired position, the interface 4412 is transitioned or shifted to move the module 4410 from, for example, operative engagement with the articulation motor 4406. For example, a transition can be made to a state in which the firing motor 4402 is operatively engaged. Once operable engagement with the firing motor 4402 is established, the module 4410 may control the firing motor 4402, which activates the motor 4402 in response to user input, eg, a plurality of The staples 191 may be fired and / or the cutting blade 182 may be advanced.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 93, module 4410 may include a plurality of electrical and / or mechanical contacts 4411 adapted to be matingly engaged with interface 4412. Each of the plurality of motors of surgical instrument 4400 sharing module 4410 has one or more corresponding electrical and / or mechanical contacts 4413 adapted to, for example, matingly engage interface 4412. You may prepare.

  In various examples, the motor of surgical instrument 4400 can be an electric motor. In a particular example, one or more of the motors of surgical instrument 4400 can be a brushed DC drive motor having a maximum speed of, for example, about 25,000 RPM. In other configurations, the surgical instrument 4400 motor is one or more selected from the group of motors including a brushless motor, a cordless motor, a synchronous motor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable electric motor. A motor may be included.

  In various examples, as shown in FIG. 92, the common control module 4410 may comprise a motor driver 4426, which may include one or more H-bridge field effect transistors (FETs). The motor driver 4426 may modulate the power transferred from the power source 4428 to the motor coupled to the module 4410 based on, for example, input from the microcontroller 4420 (“controller”). In a particular example, the controller 4420 can be used to determine the current drawn by the motor, for example, with the motor coupled to the module 4410, as described above.

  In particular examples, controller 4420 may include a microprocessor 4422 (“processor”) and one or more computer-readable media or memory units 4424 (“memory”). In particular examples, memory 4424 may store various program instructions, and when executed, processor 4422 may perform multiple functions and / or calculations described herein. . In particular examples, one or more of memory units 4424 may be coupled to processor 4422, for example.

  In a particular example, the power source 4428 can be used to provide power to the controller 4420, for example. In particular examples, power source 4428 may include a battery (or “battery pack” or “power pack”), such as a Li-ion battery, for example. In certain examples, the battery pack may be configured to be releasably attached to the handle 14 to provide power to the surgical instrument 4400. A large number of battery cells connected in series may be used as the power source 4428. In certain examples, the power source 4428 may be replaceable and / or rechargeable, for example.

  In various examples, the processor 4422 may control the motor driver 4426 to control the position, direction of rotation, and / or speed of the motor coupled to the module 4410. In certain examples, the processor 4422 can signal the motor driver 4426 to stop and / or disable a motor coupled to the module 4410. The term processor, as used herein, combines the functions of any suitable microprocessor, microcontroller, or computer central processing unit (CPU) on one integrated circuit or up to several integrated circuits. It should be understood to include other basic computing devices incorporated. A processor is a multipurpose programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes the data according to instructions stored in memory, and provides the results as output. This is an example of sequential digital logic since it has an internal memory. The processor operates on numbers and symbols expressed in binary notation.

  In one example, processor 4422 may be any single-core or multi-core processor, such as that known under the ARM Cortex trade name from Texas Instruments. In a particular example, the microcontroller 4420 may be, for example, an LM 4F230H5QR available from Texas Instruments. In at least one example, Texas Instruments' LM4F230H5QR is a single cycle flash memory up to 40 MHz, 256 KB, or other non-volatile memory, among other characteristics readily available with respect to product data sheets, and Prefetch buffer that improves performance above 40MHz, 32KB single cycle SRAM, internal ROM with StellarisWare (R) software, 2KB EEPROM, one or more PWM modules, one Or an ARM Cortex-M4F processor core comprising two or more QEI analogs and one or more 12-bit ADCs with 12 analog input channels. Other microcontrollers may be readily substituted for use with module 4410. Accordingly, the present disclosure should not be limited to this context.

  In a particular example, memory 4424 may include program instructions that control each motor of surgical instrument 4400 that can be coupled to module 4410. For example, the memory 4424 may include program instructions that control the articulation motor 4406. Such program instructions may cause the processor 4422 to control the joint motor 4406 to articulate the end effector 300 in accordance with user input while the joint motor 4406 is coupled to the module 4410. In another example, memory 4424 may include program instructions that control firing motor 4402. Such program instructions cause processor 4422 to control firing motor 4402 to fire a plurality of staples 191 and / or advance cutting blade 182 in accordance with user input with firing motor 4402 coupled to module 4410. May be.

  In particular examples, one or more mechanisms and / or sensors, such as sensor 4430, can be used to alert processor 4422 that a program instruction should be used at a particular setting. For example, sensor 4430 may alert processor 4422 to use program instructions associated with articulation of end effector 300 with module 4410 coupled to articulation motor 4406 and sensor 4430 may The processor 4422 may be alerted to use program instructions associated with firing the surgical instrument 4400 with the module 4410 coupled to the firing motor 4402. In certain examples, sensor 4430 may comprise a position sensor that can be used, for example, to sense the position of switch 4414. Thus, when processor 4422 detects that switch 4414 is in first position 4416, for example through sensor 4430, it may use program instructions associated with articulation of end effector 300, and processor 4422 may For example, through sensor 4430, detecting that switch 4414 is in second position 4418 may use program instructions associated with firing surgical instrument 4400.

  Referring now to FIG. 94, for clarity of disclosure, the outer casing of the surgical instrument 4400 has been removed and some characteristics and elements of the surgical instrument 4400 have also been removed. As shown in FIG. 94, the surgical instrument 4400 may include a plurality of sensors that can be used to perform various functions associated with the operation of the surgical instrument 4400. For example, as shown in FIG. 94, surgical instrument 4400 may include sensors A, B, and / or C. In a specific example, the sensor A can be used to perform a first function, for example, the sensor B can be used to perform a second function, and the sensor C can be used to perform a third function, for example. It can be performed. In a particular example, for example, sensor A can be used to sense the thickness of tissue captured by end effector 300 during the first segment of the closing stroke, and sensor B can be used to The tissue thickness during the second segment of the closing stroke following the second segment can be sensed, and sensor C is used to determine the tissue thickness during the third segment of the closing stroke following the second segment. Can be sensed. In a particular example, sensors A, B, and C can be disposed along end effector 300, for example.

  In a particular example, sensors A, B, and C are, for example, sensor A is disposed proximate to sensor B and sensor C is disposed proximate to sensor B, as shown in FIG. Can be arranged as follows. In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 94, for example, sensor A can sense the tissue thickness of tissue captured by end effector 300 at a first position, and sensor B can The tissue thickness of the tissue captured by the end effector 300 at a second position distal to the position can be sensed, and the sensor C has a third thickness distal to the second position. The tissue thickness of the tissue captured by the end effector 300 in position can be sensed. The reader will appreciate that the sensors described herein are intended as examples of sensor types that can be used in connection with the present disclosure. Other suitable sensors and sensing devices can be used with this disclosure.

  In certain examples, the surgical instrument 4400 may include a common control module 4450 that may be similar to the module 4410 in many respects. For example, the module 4450 may include a controller 4420, a processor 4422, and / or a memory 4424, like the module 4410. In particular examples, power supply 4428 can provide power to module 4450, for example. In certain examples, surgical instrument 4400 may include a plurality of sensors, such as sensors A, B, and C, that may be activated to perform various functions associated with the operation of surgical instrument 4400. Good. In particular examples, for example, one of sensors A, B, and C may be activated individually or separately to perform one or more functions while the other sensors remain stopped. be able to. In certain examples, multiple sensors of surgical instrument 4400, such as sensors A, B, and C, for example, may share module 4450. In a particular example, only one of sensors A, B, and C can be coupled to module 4450 at a time. In certain examples, multiple sensors of surgical instrument 4400 can be individually and separately coupled to module 4450, for example. In at least one example, module 4450 can selectively switch between operable engagement with sensor A, sensor B, and / or sensor C.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 94, for example, module 4450 can be disposed within handle 14 and, for example, a sensor sharing module 4450 can be disposed within end effector 300. The reader will understand that module 4450 and / or sensors sharing module 4450 are not limited to the locations specified above. In a particular example, module 4450 and the sensor sharing module 4450 may be disposed within end effector 300, for example. Other arrangements with respect to module 4450 and / or the location of sensors sharing module 4450 are contemplated by this disclosure.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 94, an interface 4452 can be used to manage the coupling and / or decoupling of the sensor of the surgical instrument 4400 to the module 4450. In certain examples, interface 4452 can be selectively transitioned between multiple locations and / or states. In the first position and / or state, interface 4452 may, for example, couple module 4450 to sensor A, and in the second position and / or state, interface 4452 may, for example, couple module 4450 to sensor B. In the third position and / or condition, the interface 4452 may couple the module 4450 to the sensor C, for example. Additional locations and / or states of interface 4452 are envisioned by this disclosure.

  In certain examples, the interface 4452 can be moved, for example, between a first position, a second position, and / or a third position, and the module 4450 can be connected to the first sensor in the first position. , Coupled to the second sensor in the second position and to the third sensor in the third position. In a particular example, module 4450 is disconnected from the first sensor when interface 4452 is moved from the first position, and module 4450 is moved from the second sensor when interface 4452 is moved from the second position. When disconnected and the interface 4442 is moved from the third position, the module 4450 is disconnected from the third sensor. In certain examples, the switch or trigger can be configured to cause the interface 4452 to transition between multiple positions and / or states. In a particular example, the trigger activates the end effector and, at the same time, causes the control module 4450, eg, from an operable engagement with one of the sensors sharing the module 4450, of the sensor sharing the module 4450. It can be movable so as to transition to operable engagement with another one.

  In at least one example, as shown in FIG. 94, the closure trigger 32 can be operably coupled to the interface 4450 and is configured to transition the interface 4450 between multiple positions and / or states. be able to. As shown in FIG. 94, the closure trigger 32 may be connected to the interface 4450, eg, during the closing stroke, eg, to a first position and / or condition where the module 4450 is electrically coupled to the sensor A, eg, the module 4450 is a sensor. A plurality of second positions and / or states electrically coupled to B and / or a transition between a third position and / or state electrically coupled to sensor C, eg, module 4450 Can be movable between different positions.

  In a particular example, the user may activate the closure trigger 32 to capture tissue with the end effector 300. Actuation of the closure trigger causes the interface 4452 to transition or shift to move the module 4450 from, for example, an operative engagement with sensor A to an operative engagement with sensor B and / or with sensor B, for example. For example, a transition from the operable engagement to the operable engagement with the sensor C may be performed.

  In a particular example, module 4450 may be coupled to sensor A with trigger 32 in the first operating position. Module 4450 may be disconnected from sensor A when trigger 32 is actuated beyond the first actuation position toward the second actuation position. Alternatively, module 4450 may be coupled to sensor A with trigger 32 in a non-actuated position. Module 4450 may be disconnected from sensor A when trigger 32 is actuated beyond the non-actuated position toward the second actuated position. In a particular example, module 4450 may be coupled to sensor B with trigger 32 in the second operating position. Module 4450 may be disconnected from sensor B when trigger 32 is actuated beyond the second actuation position toward the third actuation position. In a particular example, module 4450 may be coupled to sensor C with trigger 32 in a third operating position.

  In a particular example, as shown in FIG. 94, module 4450 may include a plurality of electrical and / or mechanical contacts 4451 adapted to be in mating engagement with interface 4452. Each of the plurality of sensors of the surgical instrument 4400 sharing the module 4450 has one or more corresponding electrical and / or mechanical contacts 4453 adapted to engage and engage the interface 4452, for example. You may prepare.

  In certain examples, processor 4422 may receive input from multiple sensors sharing module 4450 while the sensors are coupled to module 4452. For example, processor 4422 may receive input from sensor A while sensor A is coupled to module 4450, and processor 4422 may receive input from sensor B while sensor B is coupled to module 4450. Input may be received and processor 4422 may receive input from sensor C while sensor C is coupled to module 4450. In a particular example, the input can be a measurement, such as a measurement of the tissue thickness of the tissue captured by the end effector 300. In particular examples, processor 4422 may store input from one or more of sensors A, B, and C in memory 4426. In particular examples, processor 4422 may perform various calculations based on inputs provided by sensors A, B, and C, for example.

Local Display of Tissue Parameter Stabilization FIGS. 95A and 1B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 5300 that includes a staple cartridge 5306 further comprising two light emitting diodes (LEDs) 5310. The end effector 5300 is similar to the end effector 300 described above. The end effector comprises a first jaw member or anvil 5302 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongate channel 5304. The elongate channel 5304 is configured to receive the staple cartridge 5306 therein. The staple cartridge 5306 includes a plurality of staples (not shown). During surgical operation, a plurality of staples can be deployed from the staple cartridge 5306. The staple cartridge 5306 further includes two LEDs 5310 mounted on the top surface of the staple cartridge 5306 or on the cartridge deck 5308. The LED 5310 is mounted so that it is visible when the anvil 5304 is in the closed position. Further, the LED 5310 can be sufficiently bright to be visible through tissue that can interfere with the direct viewing of the LED 5310. In addition, one LED 5310 can be mounted on either side of the staple cartridge 5306 such that at least one LED 5310 is visible from either side of the end effector 5300. The LED 5310 can be mounted near the proximal end of the staple cartridge 530, as illustrated, or it can be mounted at the distal end of the staple cartridge 5306.

  The LED 5310 may be in communication with a processor or microcontroller, such as the microcontroller 1500 of FIG. The microcontroller 1500 can be configured to detect characteristics of tissue compressed by the anvil 5304 relative to the cartridge deck 5308. The tissue surrounded by the end effector 5300 may change in height as fluid within the tissue leaches out of the tissue layer. Stapling before the tissue is sufficiently stabilized can affect the effectiveness of the staples. Tissue stabilization is generally transmitted as a rate of change, which indicates how rapidly the tissue surrounded by the end effector is changing height.

  The LED 5310 mounted on the staple cartridge 5306 within the field of view of the instrument operator may be used to indicate the speed at which the enclosed tissue stabilizes and / or whether the tissue has reached a steady state. it can. The LED 5310 can be configured to flash, for example, at a rate that directly correlates with the rate of tissue stabilization, i.e., flashes fast at first and flashes slowly as the tissue stabilizes. Is stable and can remain stationary. Alternatively, the LED 5310 flashes at a low rate initially, flashes faster as the tissue stabilizes, and can turn off when the tissue is stable.

  The LED 5310 mounted on the staple cartridge 5306 can be used to indicate other information in addition or optionally. Other examples of information include whether the end effector 5300 surrounds a sufficient amount of tissue, whether the staple cartridge 5306 is appropriate for the enclosed tissue, appropriate for the staple cartridge 5306. Including whether more than a certain amount of tissue is enclosed, whether the staple cartridge 5306 is incompatible with the surgical instrument, or any other indicator that may be useful to the instrument operator, It is not limited to them. The LED 5310 can indicate information by flashing at a specific speed, turning on or off at a specific moment, or shining in different colors for different information. Alternatively or in addition, the LED 5310 can be used to illuminate the active area. In some embodiments, the LED 5310 can be selected to emit ultraviolet or infrared light to illuminate information that is not visible under normal light, the information on the staple cartridge 5300 or Printed on a tissue compensator (not shown). Alternatively, or in addition, the staple can be covered with a fluorescent dye, and the wavelength of the LED 5310 is selected such that the fluorescent dye is illuminated by the LED 5310. Illuminating the staples with LED 5310 allows the operator of the instrument to see them after driving the staples.

  Returning to FIGS. 95A and 95B, FIG. 95A shows a side angle view of the end effector 5300 with the anvil 5304 in the closed position. The illustrated embodiment includes, by way of example, one LED 5310 located on either side of the cartridge deck 5308. FIG. 95B shows a 3/4 angle view of the end effector 5300 with the anvil 5304 in the open position with one LED 5310 located on either side of the cartridge deck 5308.

  96A and 96B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 5300 that includes a staple cartridge 5356 that further includes a plurality of LEDs 5360. Staple cartridge 5356 includes a plurality of LEDs 5360 mounted on a cartridge deck 5358 of staple cartridge 5356. LED 5360 is mounted so that it is visible when anvil 5304 is in the closed position. Further, the LED 5360 can be sufficiently bright to be visible through tissue that can interfere with the direct viewing of the LED 5360. In addition, the same number of LEDs 5360 can be mounted on either side of the staple cartridge 5356 so that the same number of LEDs 5360 is visible from either side of the end effector 5300. The LED 5360 can be mounted near the proximal end of the staple cartridge 5356, as illustrated, or it can be mounted at the distal end of the staple cartridge 5356.

  The LED 5360 may be in communication with a processor or microcontroller, such as the microcontroller 1500 of FIG. The microcontroller 1500 can be configured to detect characteristics of tissue compressed by the anvil 5304 relative to the cartridge deck 5358, such as the tissue stabilization rate as described above. The LED 5360 can be used to indicate the rate at which the enclosed tissue stabilizes and / or whether the tissue has reached a steady state. The LED 5360 can be configured to illuminate sequentially, starting at the proximal end of the staple cartridge 5356, for example, with each subsequent LED 5360 shining at a rate that stabilizes the enclosed tissue. If so, all LEDs 5360 can be illuminated. Alternatively, the LEDs 5360 can be illuminated sequentially starting at the distal end of the staple cartridge 5356. In yet another alternative, the LED 5360 shines continuously and repeatedly in an order starting from either the proximal or distal end of the LED 5360. The rate at which LED 5360 shines and / or the rate at which it repeats can indicate the rate at which the enclosed tissue stabilizes. These are just examples of how LEDs 5360 can show information about tissue, the order in which LEDs 5360 shine, the speed with which they shine, and / or other combinations of their on or off states are possible It is understood that It will also be appreciated that LED 5360 may be used to communicate some other information to the operator of the surgical instrument or to illuminate the work area as described above.

  Returning to FIGS. 96A and 96B, FIG. 96A shows a side angle view of the end effector 5300 with the anvil 5304 in the closed position. The illustrated embodiment includes, by way of example, a plurality of LEDs 5360 located on either side of the cartridge deck 5358. FIG. 96B shows a 3/4 angle view of the end effector 5300 with the anvil 5304 in the open position, with a plurality of LEDs 5360 located on either side of the cartridge deck 5358.

  97A and 97B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 5300 that includes a staple cartridge 5406 that further includes a plurality of LEDs 5410. The staple cartridge 5406 includes a plurality of LEDs 5410 mounted on a cartridge deck 5408 of the staple cartridge 5406, and the LEDs 5410 are arranged continuously from the proximal end to the distal end of the staple cartridge 5406. The LED 5410 is mounted so that it is visible when the anvil 5302 is in the closed position. The same number of LEDs 5410 can be mounted on either side of the staple cartridge 5406 so that the same number of LEDs 5410 are visible from either side of the end effector 5300.

  The LED 5410 can be in communication with a processor or microcontroller, such as the microcontroller 1500 of FIG. The microcontroller 1500 can be configured to detect characteristics of tissue compressed by the anvil 5304 relative to the cartridge deck 5408, such as the tissue stabilization rate as described above. The LEDs 5410 can be configured to be turned on or off in sequence or collectively as desired to indicate the tissue stabilization rate and / or the tissue is stable. The LED 5410 can further be configured to communicate some other information to the operator of the surgical instrument or to illuminate the work area, as described above. In addition or alternatively, the LED 5410 may indicate which regions of the end effector 5300 contain stable tissue and / or which regions of the end effector 5300 surround the tissue and / or those regions It can be configured to show if it surrounds enough tissue. The LED 5410 can be further configured to indicate whether any portion of the enclosed tissue is suitable for the staple cartridge 5406.

  Returning to FIGS. 97A and 97B, FIG. 97A shows a side angle view of the end effector 5300 with the anvil 5304 in the closed position. The illustrated embodiment includes, by way of example, a plurality of LEDs 5410 on either side of the cartridge deck 5408 from the proximal end to the distal end of the staple cartridge 5406. 97B shows end effector 5300 showing that anvil 5304 is in an open position and a plurality of LEDs 5410 are located on either side of cartridge deck 5408 from the proximal end to the distal end of staple cartridge 5406. FIG. 3/4 angle diagram is shown.

Addenda with Integrated Sensor for Quantifying Tissue Compression FIG. 98A shows one embodiment of an end effector 5500 comprising a tissue compensator 5510 further comprising a layer of conductive elements 5512. End effector 5500 is similar to end effector 300 described above. End effector 5500 includes a first jaw member or anvil 5502 movably coupled to a second jaw member 5504 (not shown). Second jaw member 5504 is configured to receive staple cartridge 5506 therein (not shown). The staple cartridge 5506 includes a plurality of staples (not shown). A plurality of staples 191 can be deployed from the staple cartridge 3006 during surgical operation. In some embodiments, the end effector 5500 further comprises a tissue compensator 5510 that is removably positioned on the anvil 5502 or the staple cartridge 5506. FIG. 98B shows a detailed view of a portion of the tissue compensator 5510 shown in FIG. 98A.

  As described above, a plurality of staples 191 can be deployed between an unfired position and a post-fired position, whereby staple legs 5530 are compressed tissue 5518 between anvil 5502 and staple cartridge 5506. Travels through, penetrates, and contacts the staple forming surface of the anvil 5502. In embodiments that include tissue compensator 5510, staple legs 5530 also penetrate and pierce tissue compensator 5510. As the staple legs 5530 are deformed against the anvil's staple forming surface, each staple 191 can capture a portion of the tissue 5518 and the tissue compensator 5510 and apply a compressive force to the tissue 5518. Accordingly, the tissue compensator 5510 remains in place with the staples 191 after the surgical instrument 10 is withdrawn from the patient's body. Since the tissue compensator 5510 is retained by the patient's body, it is composed of a biodurable and / or biodegradable material. Tissue compensator 5510 is described in further detail in US Pat. No. 8,657,176, entitled “TISSUE THICKNESS COMPENSATOR FOR SURGICAL STAPLE”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

  Returning to FIG. 98A, in some embodiments, tissue compensator 5510 comprises a layer of conductive elements 5512. The conductive element 5512 may be any number of configurations of conductive material, such as, for example, a wire coil, a wire mesh or grid, a conductive strip, a conductive plate, an electrical circuit, a microprocessor, or any combination thereof. Can be included. The layer containing the conductive element 5512 can be disposed on the anvil-facing surface 5514 of the tissue compensator 5510. Alternatively, or in addition, the layer of conductive element 5512 can be disposed on the surface 5516 of the tissue compensator 5510 that faces the staple cartridge. Alternatively or in addition, the layer of conductive element 5512 can be embedded in tissue compensator 5510. Alternatively, the layer of conductive element 5512 can include all of the tissue compensator 5510, such as when the conductive material is uniformly or non-uniformly distributed within the material including the tissue compensator 5510.

  FIG. 98A illustrates one embodiment in which a tissue compensator 5510 is removably attached to the anvil 5502 portion of the end effector 5500. The tissue compensator 5510 is so attached before the end effector 5500 is inserted into the patient's body. In addition, or alternatively, the tissue compensator 5610 (shown) can be placed after or before the staple cartridge 5506 is applied to the end effector 6600 and before the device is inserted into the patient's body. Can be attached).

  FIG. 99 illustrates various exemplary methods for detecting the distance between the anvil 5502 and the top surface of the staple cartridge 5506 using the layers of conductive elements 5512 in the staple cartridge 5506 and the conductive elements 5524, 5526, and 5528. An embodiment is shown. The distance between the anvil 5502 and the staple cartridge 5506 indicates the amount and / or density of the tissue 5518 compressed between them. This distance additionally or alternatively indicates which region of the end effector 5500 contains tissue. The thickness, density, and / or location of the tissue 5518 can be communicated to the operator of the surgical instrument 10.

  In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the layer of conductive element 5512 is located on the anvil-facing surface 5514 of the tissue compensator 5510 and is in communication with the microprocessor 5520 one or more wire coils 5522. Is provided. Microprocessor 5500 can be disposed within end effector 5500 or any component thereof, or can be disposed within instrument housing 12, or can include any of the microprocessors or microcontrollers described above. . In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, staple cartridge 5506 also includes conductive elements, which include one or more wire coils 5524, one or more conductive plates 5526, wire mesh 5528. Or any other convenient configuration or any combination thereof. The conductive elements of the staple cartridge 5506 can communicate with the same microprocessor 5520 or some other microprocessor in the instrument.

  When the anvil 5502 is in the closed position and thus compressing the tissue 5518 against the staple cartridge 5506, the layer of the conductive element 5512 of the tissue compensator 5510 can be capacitively coupled to the conductors in the staple cartridge 5506. The strength of the capacitive field between the layer of conductive elements 5512 and the conductive elements of staple cartridge 5506 can be used to determine the amount of tissue 5518 being compressed. Alternatively, the staple cartridge 5506 can include an eddy current sensor in communication with the microprocessor 5520, which uses the eddy current to determine the distance between the anvil 5502 and the top surface of the staple cartridge 5506. And is operable to sense.

  It will be appreciated that other configurations of conductive elements are possible and that the embodiment of FIG. 99 is merely exemplary and not limiting. For example, in some embodiments, a layer of conductive elements 5512 can be disposed on the surface 5516 of the tissue compensator 5510 that faces the staple cartridge. Also, in some embodiments, the conductive elements 5524, 5526, and / or 5528 can be disposed on or in the anvil 5502. Thus, in some embodiments, the layer of conductive element 5512 can be capacitively coupled to the conductive element in anvil 5502, thereby sensing the characteristics of tissue 5518 enclosed within the end effector.

  It can also be appreciated that the tissue compensator 5512 can include a layer of conductive elements 5512 on both the anvil-facing surface 5514 and the cartridge-facing surface 5516. A system for detecting the amount, density, and / or position of tissue 5518 compressed against the staple cartridge 5506 by the anvil 5502 can include a conductor or sensor on the anvil 5502, the staple cartridge 5506, or both. Embodiments that include conductors or sensors in both the anvil 5502 and staple cartridge 5506 can optionally achieve improved results by allowing differential analysis of the signal that can be achieved with this configuration. .

  100A and 100B illustrate one embodiment of a tissue compensator 5510 comprising a layer of conductive element 5512 in operation. FIG. 100A shows one of the plurality of staples 191 after being deployed. As illustrated, staple 191 penetrates both tissue 5518 and tissue compensator 5510. The layer of conductive element 5512 may comprise a mesh wire, for example. As it penetrates the layer of conductive elements 5512, the staple legs 5530 may pierce the wire mesh, thereby altering the conductivity of the layer of conductive elements 5512. This change in conductivity can be used to indicate the position of each of the plurality of staples 191. The position of the staple 191 can be compared to the expected position of the staple, and this comparison is used to determine whether any staples have not been fired or any staples are not in the expected location. be able to.

  FIG. 100A also shows staple legs 5530 that have failed to fully deform. FIG. 100B shows the staple leg 5530 properly and fully deformed. As shown in FIG. 100B, a layer of conductive element 5512 can be punctured a second time by staple legs 5530, with staple legs 5530 deforming against the staple forming surface of anvil 5502 and toward tissue 5518. To return. Secondary breaks in the layer of conductive element 5512 can be used to indicate complete staple 191 formation as shown in FIG. 100B or incomplete staple 191 formation as shown in FIG. 100A.

  FIGS. 101A and 101B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 5600 comprising a tissue compensator 5610 further comprising a conductor 5620 embedded therein. End effector 5600 includes a first jaw member or anvil 5602 that is pivotally coupled to second jaw member 5604. Second jaw member 5604 is configured to receive staple cartridge 5606 therein. In some embodiments, the end effector 5600 further comprises a tissue compensator 5610 that is removably positioned on the anvil 5602 or staple cartridge 5606.

  Turning first to FIG. 4B, FIG. 4B shows a cutaway view of tissue compensator 5610 removably positioned on staple cartridge 5606. The cutaway view shows a conductor array 5620 embedded in the material with tissue compensator 5610. The conductor array 5620 can be arranged in an opposing configuration, and the opposing elements can be separated by an insulating material. Each conductor array 5620 is coupled to one or more conductive wires 5622. Conductive wire 5622 allows conductor array 5620 to communicate with a microprocessor, such as microprocessor 1500, for example. The conductor array 5620 may span the width of the tissue compensator 5610 so that it is in the path of the cutting member or knife bar 280. As the knife bar 280 advances, the conductor 5620 is cut, broken, or otherwise disabled, thereby indicating its position within the end effector 5600. Conductor array 5610 can comprise conductive elements, electrical circuits, microprocessors, or any combination thereof.

  Turning now to FIG. 101A, FIG. 101A shows an enlarged cutaway view of the end effector 5600 with the anvil 5602 in the closed position. In the closed position, anvil 5602 can compress tissue 5618 and tissue compensator 5610 relative to staple cartridge 5606. In some examples, only a portion of end effector 5600 may surround tissue 5618. In the region of the end effector 5600 that surrounds the tissue 5618, the tissue compensator 5610 remains in the uncompressed (5626) tissue compensator 5618 or has a greater amount than the region that does not surround the tissue 5618 that is less compressed. It may be compressed (5624). In the more compressed region 5624, the conductor array 5620 is also compressed, and in the uncompressed region 5626, the conductor array 5620 is further spaced. Accordingly, conductivity, resistance, capacitance, and / or some other electrical characteristic between conductor arrays 5620 can indicate which region of end effector 5600 contains tissue.

  FIGS. 102A and 102B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 5650 comprising a tissue compensator 5660 further comprising a conductor 5562 embedded therein. End effector 5650 includes a first jaw member or anvil 5562 pivotally coupled to second jaw member 5654. Second jaw member 5654 is configured to receive staple cartridge 5656 therein. In some embodiments, the end effector 5650 further comprises a tissue compensator 5660 that is removably positioned on the anvil 5562 or staple cartridge 5656.

  FIG. 102A shows a cutaway view of tissue compensator 5660 removably positioned on staple cartridge 5656. The cutaway view shows a conductor 5670 embedded in the material with tissue compensator 5660. Each conductor 5672 is coupled to a conductive wire 5672. Conductive wires 5672 allow conductor array 5672 to communicate with a microprocessor, such as microprocessor 1500, for example. The conductor 5672 may include a conductive element, an electrical circuit, a microprocessor, or any combination thereof.

  FIG. 102A shows an enlarged side view of the end effector 5650 with the anvil 5562 in the closed position. In the closed position, the anvil 5562 can compress the tissue 5658 and the tissue compensator 5660 against the staple cartridge 5656. A conductor 5672 embedded within the tissue compensator 5660 can be operable to apply a pulse of current 5664 to the tissue 5658 at a predetermined frequency. The same or additional conductors 5672 can detect the response of tissue 5658 and communicate this response to a microprocessor or microcontroller disposed within the instrument. The tissue 5658 response to the electrical pulse 5664 can be used to determine the characteristics of the tissue 5658. For example, the galvanic response of tissue 5658 indicates the water content of tissue 5658. As another example, electrical impedance measurements through tissue 5658 can be used to determine the conductivity of tissue 5648, which is an indicator of tissue type. Other properties that can be determined include, but are not limited to, oxygen content, salinity, density, and / or the presence of certain chemicals. By combining data from several sensors, other characteristics such as blood flow, blood type, presence of antibodies, etc. can be determined.

  FIG. 103 illustrates one embodiment of a staple cartridge 5706 and tissue compensator 5710 where the staple cartridge 5706 provides power to a conductive element 5720 comprising a tissue compensator 5710. As illustrated, staple cartridge 5706 includes electrical contacts 5724 in the form of patches, spokes, bumps, or some other raised configuration. The tissue compensator 5710 includes a mesh or solid contact point 5722 that can be electrically coupled to a contact 5724 on the staple cartridge 5706.

  104A and 104B illustrate one embodiment of a staple cartridge 5756 and tissue compensator 5760 where the staple cartridge provides power to a conductive element 5770 that includes a tissue compensator 5710. As shown in FIG. 104A, the tissue compensator 5760 includes an extension or tab 5772 configured to contact the staple cartridge 5756. Tab 5772 may contact and adhere to electrical contacts (not shown) on staple cartridge 5756. Tab 5572 further comprises a break point 5774 located in the wire comprising conductive element 5770 of tissue compensator 5760. When the tissue compensator 5760 is compressed, such as when the anvil is in the closed position toward the staple cartridge 5756, the break point 5774 breaks, allowing the tissue compensator 5756 to be free from the staple cartridge 5756. FIG. 104B shows another embodiment using a break point 5774 positioned on the tab 5772.

  FIGS. 105A and F8B show one embodiment of an end effector 5800 comprising a position sensing element 5824 and a tissue compensator 5810. FIG. End effector 5800 includes a first jaw member or anvil 5802 that is pivotally coupled to a second jaw member 5804 (not shown). Second jaw member 5804 is configured to receive a staple cartridge 5806 (not shown) therein. In some embodiments, the end effector 5800 further comprises a tissue compensator 5810 that is removably positioned on the anvil 5802 or staple cartridge 5806.

  FIG. 105A shows the anvil 5804 portion of the end effector 5800. In some embodiments, the anvil 5804 includes a position sensing element 5824. The position sensing element 5824 can include, for example, electrical contacts, magnets, RF sensors, and the like. The position sensing element 5824 can be placed at a critical location, for example, along a corner point where the tissue compensator 5810 is attached, or along the outer edge of the anvil 5802 facing the tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue compensator 5810 can include a position indicating element 5820. The position indicating element 5820 can be disposed at a position corresponding to the position sensing element 5824 on the anvil 5802, or a proximal position, or an overlapping position. The tissue compensator 5810 optionally further comprises a layer of conductive elements 5812. The layer of conductive element 5812 and / or position indicating element 5820 can be electrically coupled to conductive wire 5822. Conductive wire 5822 can provide communication with a microprocessor, such as, for example, microprocessor 1500.

  FIG. F8B illustrates one embodiment of position sensing element 5824 and position indicating element 5820 in operation. Once the tissue compensator 5810 is positioned, the anvil 5802 may sense 5826 that the tissue compensator 5810 is in the proper position. If tissue compensator 5810 is misaligned or completely missing, anvil 5802 (or some other component) can sense 5826 that tissue compensator 5810 is misaligned. If the misalignment exceeds a threshold magnitude, a warning can be signaled to the instrument operator and / or the instrument functionality can be disabled to prevent staples from being fired. it can.

  In FIGS. 105A and 105B, position sensing element 5824 is shown as part of anvil 5804 by way of example only. It is understood that the position sensing element 5824 can be disposed on the staple cartridge 5806 instead or in addition. It is also understood that the position of the position sensing element 5824 and the position indicating element 5820 can be reversed so that the tissue compensator 5810 is operable to indicate whether it is properly aligned.

  106A and F9B show one embodiment of an end effector 5850 comprising a position sensing element 5874 and a tissue compensator 5860. FIG. End effector 5850 includes a first jaw member or anvil 5852 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member 5854 (not shown). Second jaw member 5854 is configured to receive a staple cartridge 5856 (not shown) therein. In some embodiments, the end effector 5850 further comprises a tissue compensator 5860 that is removably positioned on the anvil 5852 or staple cartridge 5856.

  FIG. 106A shows the anvil 5852 portion of the end effector 5850. In some embodiments, anvil 5854 comprises an array of conductive elements 5474. The array of conductive elements 5474 can include, for example, electrical contacts, magnets, RF sensors, and the like. The array of conductive elements 5474 is arranged along the length of the anvil 5852 facing tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue compensator 5860 can comprise a layer of conductive elements 5862, the conductive elements comprising a grid or mesh of wires. The layer of conductive element 5862 may be coupled to conductive wire 5876. Conductive wire 5862 can provide communication with a microprocessor, such as microprocessor 1500, for example.

  FIG. 106A shows one embodiment where the conductive element 5474 and conductive element 5862 layers of the anvil 5852 are operable to indicate whether the tissue compensator 5860 is misaligned or missing. As illustrated, the array of conductive elements 5874 is operable to electrically couple with the layers of conductive elements 5862. When the tissue compensator 5860 is misaligned or missing, the electrical coupling is incomplete. If the misalignment exceeds a threshold magnitude, a warning can be signaled to the instrument operator and / or the instrument functionality can be disabled to prevent staples from being fired. it can.

  It will be appreciated that an array of conductive elements 5874 may be added or alternatively placed on the staple cartridge 5856. It is also understood that any of the anvil 5852, staple cartridge 5856, and / or tissue compensator 5860 may be operable to indicate misalignment of the tissue compensator 5860.

  107A and 107B illustrate one embodiment of a tissue compensator 5910 operable to indicate the position of the staple cartridge 5906 and the cutting member or knife bar 280. FIG. FIG. 107A is a top view of a staple cartridge 5906 with a tissue compensator 5920 disposed on the top surface 5916. Staple cartridge 5906 further comprises a cartridge channel 5918 operable to receive a cutting member or knife bar 280. FIG. 107A shows only the layer of conductive element 5922 of tissue compensator 5910 for clarity. As illustrated, the layer of conductive elements 5922 includes longitudinal segments 5930 that are arranged eccentrically. Longitudinal segment 5930 is coupled to conductive wire 5926. Conductive wire 5926 allows the layer of conductive element 5922 to communicate with a microprocessor, such as microprocessor 1500, for example. The layer of conductive elements 5922 further comprises a horizontal element 5932 that is coupled to the longitudinal segment 5930 and spans the width of the tissue compensator 5910 and thus traverses the path of the knife bar 280. As the knife bar 280 advances, the horizontal element 5932 is cut, thereby changing the electrical properties of the layer of conductive elements 5922. For example, advancement of knife bar 280 may change the resistance, capacitance, conductivity, or some other electrical property of the layer of conductive element 5922. As each horizontal element 5932 is cut by the knife bar 280, a change in the electrical properties of the layer of conductive elements 5922 indicates the position of the knife bar 280.

  FIG. 107B shows an alternate configuration of the layers of conductive element 5922. As illustrated, the layer of conductive elements 5922 includes longitudinal segments 5934 on either side of the cartridge channel 5918. The layer of conductive element 5922 further comprises a horizontal element 5936 that is coupled to both longitudinal segments 5934 and thus spans the path of knife bar 280. The knife bar 280 can be used, for example, to measure the resistance between the knife bar and the horizontal element 5396 and determine the position of the knife bar 280. Other configurations of the layers of conductive element 5922 can be used to achieve the same result, such as, for example, any of the arrangements shown in FIGS. 98A-102B. For example, the layer of conductive elements 5922 can comprise a wire mesh or grid so that as the knife bar 280 advances, the wire mesh can be cut, thereby changing the conductivity of the wire mesh. This change in conductivity can be used to indicate the position of the knife bar 280.

  Other uses of the layer of conductive element 5922 can be envisioned. For example, a particular resistance can be created in the layer of conductive element 592 or a binary ladder of resistance or conductors can be implemented to allow simple data to be stored in tissue compensator 5910. This data can be extracted from the tissue compensator 5910 once the conductive element of the anvil and / or staple cartridge is electrically coupled to a layer of the conductive element 5922. The data can represent, for example, a serial number, “expiration date” date, and the like.

FIG. 108 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 6000 comprising a magnet 6008 and a Hall effect sensor 6010 that can use a detection magnetic field 6016 to identify the staple cartridge 6006. Is shown. End effector 6000 is similar to end effector 300 described above. End effector 6000 includes a first jaw member or anvil 6002 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongated channel 6004. The elongate channel 6004 is configured to operably support the staple cartridge 6006 therein. Staple cartridge 6006 is similar to staple cartridge 304 described above. The anvil 6002 further includes a magnet 6008. The staple cartridge 6006 further includes a Hall effect sensor 6010 and a processor 6012. Hall effect sensor 6010 is operable to communicate with processor 6012 through conductive coupling 6014. Hall effect sensor 6010 is positioned within staple cartridge 6006 to operably couple with magnet 6008 when anvil 6002 is in the closed position. Hall effect sensor 6010 may be operable to detect a magnetic field 6016 created by magnet 6008. The polarity of the magnetic field 6016 can be either north or south depending on the orientation of the magnet 6008 within the anvil 6002. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 108, magnet 6008 is oriented such that its south pole is directed toward staple cartridge 6006. Hall effect sensor 6010 may be operable to detect a magnetic field 6016 created by the South Pole. When the Hall effect sensor 6010 detects the south pole, the staple cartridge 6006 can be identified as of the first type.

  FIG. 109 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 6050 comprising a magnet 6058 and a Hall effect sensor 6060 that can use the detection magnetic field 6066 to identify the staple cartridge 6056. End effector 6050 includes a first jaw member or anvil 6052 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongate channel 6054. The elongate channel 6054 is configured to operably support the staple cartridge 6056 therein. The anvil 6052 further includes a magnet 6058. Staple cartridge 6056 further includes Hall effect sensor 6060 in communication with processor 6062 through conductive coupling 6064. Hall effect sensor 6060 is positioned to operably couple with magnet 6058 when anvil 6052 is in the closed position. Hall effect sensor 6060 may be operable to detect a magnetic field 6066 created by magnet 6058. In the illustrated embodiment, magnet 6058 is oriented so that its north pole is directed toward staple cartridge 6056. Hall effect sensor 6060 may be operable to detect a magnetic field 6066 created by the North Pole. If Hall effect sensor 6060 detects the north pole, staple cartridge 6056 can be identified as of the second type.

  It can be appreciated that the second type of staple cartridge 6056 of FIG. 109 can be substituted for the first type of staple cartridge 6006 of FIG. 108 and vice versa. In FIG. 108, the second type of staple cartridge 6056 is operable to detect the north pole, but instead detects the south pole. In this case, the end effector 6000 identifies that the staple cartridge 6056 is of the second type. If the end effector 6000 does not anticipate the second type of staple cartridge 6056, the operator of the instrument can be alerted and / or the function of the instrument can be disabled. Additionally or alternatively, the type of staple cartridge 6056 can be used to identify some parameters of the staple cartridge 6056, such as, for example, cartridge length and / or staple height and length.

  Similarly, as shown in FIG. 109, the first type of staple cartridge 6006 can be substituted for the second staple cartridge 6056. The first type of staple cartridge 6006 is operable to detect the south pole, but instead detects the north pole. In this case, the end effector 6050 identifies the staple cartridge 6006 as being of the first type.

  FIG. 110 shows staples as shown in FIGS. 108 and 109 in response to the distance or gap 6024 between the magnet located in the anvil and the Hall effect sensor in the staple cartridge as shown in FIGS. A graph 6020 of voltage 6022 detected by a Hall effect sensor located at a distal tip within the cartridge is shown. As shown in FIG. 110, when the magnet in the anvil is oriented so that its north pole is towards the staple cartridge, the voltage tends to a first value as the magnet approaches the Hall effect sensor, As the magnet is oriented so that its south pole is towards the staple cartridge, the voltage tends towards a second different value. The instrument can use the measured voltage to identify the staple cartridge.

  FIG. 111 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical instrument housing 6100 that includes a display 6102. The housing 6100 is similar to the housing 12 described above. The display 6102 can be operable to communicate information to the instrument operator, for example, a staple cartridge coupled to an end effector is inappropriate for the present application. Additionally or alternatively, the display 6102 can display staple cartridge parameters, such as cartridge length and / or staple height and length.

  FIG. One embodiment of a staple retainer 6160 comprising a magnet 6162 is shown. The staple holder 6160 Operably coupled to staple cartridge 6156; It functions to prevent staples from exiting the staple cartridge 6156. When the staple cartridge 6156 is applied to the end effector, Staple retainer 6160 can be left in place. In some embodiments, The staple holder 6160 A magnet 6162 located in the distal region of the staple retainer 6160 is provided. The end effector anvil is A Hall effect sensor operable to couple with magnet 6162 in staple retainer 6160 can be provided. Hall effect sensors For example, Magnetic field strength and magnetic polarity, etc. It can be operable to detect the characteristics of the magnet 6162. Magnetic field strength is For example, By placing magnets 6162 at different positions and / or depths on or in the staple holder 6160, Or by selecting a magnet 6162 of a different composition, Can be varied. Using different properties of magnet 6162, Different types of staple cartridges can be identified.

  113A and 113B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 6200 that includes a sensor 6208 that identifies different types of staple cartridges 6206. End effector 6200 includes a first jaw member or anvil 6202 that is pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongated channel 6204. The elongate channel 6204 is configured to operably support the staple cartridge 6206 therein. End effector 6200 further comprises a sensor 6208 located in the proximal region. The sensor 6208 can be either an optical sensor, a magnetic sensor, an electrical sensor, or any other suitable sensor.

  Sensor 6208 can be operable to detect a characteristic of staple cartridge 6206 and thereby identify the type of staple cartridge 6206. FIG. 113B shows an example where the sensor 6208 is a light emitter / detector 6210. The body of staple cartridge 6206 may be a different color so that the color identifies the type of staple cartridge 6206. The light emitter / detector 6210 can be operable to query the color of the staple cartridge 6206 body. In the illustrated example, light emitter / detector 6210 can detect white 6212 by receiving reflected light of equal intensity red, green, and blue spectrum. The light emitter / detector 6210 can detect red 6214 by receiving very little reflected light in the green and blue spectrum and receiving light in the higher intensity red spectrum.

  Alternatively or additionally, the light emitter / detector 6210, or another suitable sensor 6208, can query and identify any other symbol or indicia on the staple cartridge 6206. The symbol or indicia can be any one of a bar code, shape or character, a pattern by color, or any other suitable indicia. Information read by sensor 6208 can be communicated to a microcontroller of surgical device 10, such as microcontroller 1500, for example. The microcontroller 1500 can be configured to communicate information regarding the staple cartridge 6206 to the operator of the instrument. For example, the identified staple cartridge 6206 may not be appropriate for a given application, in which case the instrument operator may be notified and / or the function of the instrument is inappropriate. . In such an example, the microcontroller 1500 can optionally be configured to disable the functionality of the surgical instrument. Alternatively, or in addition, the microcontroller 1500 may prompt the operator of the surgical instrument 10 for parameters of the identified staple cartridge 6206 type, such as, for example, the length of the staple cartridge 6206, or the height and length. For example, information related to stapling can be notified.

Smart Cartridge Activation and Data Retention In one embodiment, the surgical instrument described herein includes short circuit protection techniques for sensors and / or electronic components. In order to enable such sensors and other electronic technologies, both power and data signals are transferred between the modular components of the surgical instrument. When assembled during the assembly of modular sensor components, the electrical conductors used to transfer power and data signals between the connected components are generally exposed.

  FIG. 114 is a partial view of an end effector 7000 with sensor electrical conductors 7002, 7004 that transfer power and data signals between connected components of a surgical instrument according to one embodiment. These electrical conductors 7002, 7004 can short circuit, resulting in damage to critical system electronics components. FIG. 115 is a partial view of the end effector 7000 shown in FIG. 114 showing the sensors and / or electronic components 7005 located within the end effector. Referring now to both FIGS. 114 and 115, in various embodiments, the surgical instrument disclosed throughout this disclosure uses electronic sensors to provide real-time feedback regarding tissue compressibility and thickness. To do. The modular architecture allows custom modular shaft configurations to use work-specific techniques. To enable the use of surgical instrument sensors and other electronic circuit components, both power and data signals may be transferred between secondary sensors comprising modular sensors and / or electronic circuit components 7005. is necessary. During assembly of the modular sensor and / or electronic component 7005, the electrical conductors 7002, 7004 are exposed so that when connected, power and data signals between the connected sensor and / or electronic component 7005. Used to transfer. Because these electrical conductors 7002, 7004 can be shorted during the assembly process, resulting in damage to other system electronics, the various embodiments of the surgical instrument described herein include sensors and And / or short circuit protection techniques for electronic component 7005.

  In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a short circuit protection circuit 7012 for a secondary instrument sensor and / or electronic component 7005 of a surgical instrument. 116 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7006 that includes a short circuit protection circuit 7012 for a sensor and / or electronic component 7005 according to one embodiment. The main power supply circuit 7010 is connected to a primary circuit including a microprocessor and other electronic components 7008 (hereinafter referred to as a processor 7008) through main power supply terminals 7018 and 7020. The main power supply circuit 7010 is also connected to a short circuit protection circuit 7012. The short circuit protection circuit 7012 is coupled to an auxiliary power circuit 7014 that supplies power to the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 via electrical conductors 7002, 7004.

  In order to reduce damage to the processor 7008 connected to the main power terminals 7018, 7020 during a short circuit between the electrical terminals 7002, 7004 of the power terminals supplying the sensor and / or electronic component 7005, a self-isolating / reverting type A short circuit protection circuit 7012 is provided. In one embodiment, short circuit protection circuit 7012 may be implemented by coupling auxiliary power circuit 7014 to main power circuit 7010. In situations where the electrical conductors 7002, 7004 of the auxiliary power supply circuit 7014 are shorted, the auxiliary power supply circuit 7014 isolates itself from the main power supply circuit 7010 to prevent damage to the surgical instrument processor 7008. Thus, when a short circuit occurs in the electrical conductors 7002, 7004 of the auxiliary power circuit 7014, the processor 7008 and other electronic circuit components coupled to the main power terminals 7018, 7020 have little effect. Thus, if a short circuit occurs between the electrical conductors 7002, 7004 of the auxiliary power supply circuit 7014, the main power supply circuit 7010 remains unaffected and remains active and supplies power to the protected processor 7008. 7008 can monitor a short circuit condition. When the short circuit between the electrical conductors 7002 and 7004 of the auxiliary power circuit 7014 is repaired, the auxiliary power circuit 7014 rejoins the main power circuit 7010 and becomes available again to supply power to the sensor component 7005. . Short circuit protection circuit 7012 may also be monitored to indicate one or more short circuit conditions to the end user of the surgical instrument. Short circuit protection circuit 7012 may also be monitored to lock out the firing of the surgical instrument when a short circuit event is indicated. Many auxiliary protection circuits may be networked together to isolate, detect or protect other circuit functions.

  Accordingly, in one aspect, the present disclosure provides a short circuit protection circuit 7012 for electrical conductors 7002, 7004 in an end effector 7000 (FIGS. 114 and 115) or other element of a surgical instrument. In one embodiment, the short circuit protection circuit 7012 uses a self-isolating / returning auxiliary power circuit 7014 coupled to the main power circuit 7010. Short circuit protection circuit 7012 may be monitored to indicate one or more short circuit conditions to the end user of the surgical instrument. If a short circuit occurs, short circuit protection circuit 7012 may be used to lock out the surgical instrument from firing or other device operation. Many other auxiliary protection circuits may be networked together to isolate, detect or protect other circuit functions.

  FIG. 117 is a short circuit protection circuit 7012 comprising an auxiliary power circuit 7014 coupled to a main power circuit 7010 according to one embodiment. Main power supply circuit 7010 includes a transformer 7023 (X1) coupled to a full wave rectifier 7025 implemented using diodes 91-94. Full wave rectifier 7025 is coupled to voltage regulator 7027. The output (OUT) of voltage regulator 7027 is coupled to both output terminals 7018 and 7020 of main power supply circuit 7010 (OP1) and auxiliary power supply circuit 7014. Input capacitor C1 filters the input voltage of voltage regulator 7027, and one or more capacitors C2 filter the output of voltage regulator 7027.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 117, the auxiliary power circuit 7014 comprises a pair of transistors T1, T2 configured to control the power output OP2 between the electrical conductors 7002, 7004. During normal operation, output OP2 provides power to sensor component 7005 when electrical conductors 7002, 7004 are not shorted. When transistors T1 and T2 are turned on (activated) and begin to conduct current, the current from the output of voltage regulator 7027 is shunted by first transistor T1, so that current does not flow through R1, i _R1 = 0. The regulator output voltage + V is applied at a node such as V _n to + V, which is then the output voltage OP2 of the auxiliary power circuit 7014, and the first transistor T1 conducts current to the sensor component 7005. Drive through output terminal 7002, in which case output terminal 7004 is the current return path. A portion of the output current i _R5 is shunted through R5 to drive the output indicator LED2. The current through the LED2 _{is i R5.} Node voltage V _n to turn on the second transistor T2 (activated) as long as it exceeds the threshold required for the auxiliary power supply circuit 7014 may operate as a power supply circuit, the sensor and / or electronic components 7005 is supplied.

If the electrical conductors 7002,7004 in the secondary circuit is short-circuited, the node voltage V _n drops to ground or zero, the second transistor T2 is turned off to stop conduction, it by the first transistor T1 Turn off. When the first transistor T1 is cut off, the output voltage + V of the voltage regulator 7027 causes the current i _R1 to flow through the short circuit indicator LED1 and to ground through a short circuit between the electrical conductors 7002, 7004. Thus, no current flows through R5, i _R5 = 0A and V _OP2 = 0V. The auxiliary power circuit 7014 isolates itself from the main power circuit 7010 until the short circuit is removed. During the short circuit, only the short-circuit indicator LED1 is energized and the output indicator LED2 is not energized. A short circuit between the electrical conductors 7002,7004 are removed, T2 are turned on, followed by up to turn on the T1, the node voltage _{V n} increases. When T1 and T2 are turned on (energized in a conductive state such as saturation), the node voltage Vn reaches + VOP2, and the auxiliary power circuit 7014 resumes its power function for the sensor component 7005. When the auxiliary power circuit 7014 restores its power function, the short-circuit indicator LED1 is turned off and the output indicator LED2 is turned on. If there is another short between the electrical conductors 7002, 7004 of the auxiliary power circuit 7014, the cycle is repeated.

  In one embodiment, a sample rate monitor is provided that enables power reduction by limiting the sample rate and / or duty cycle of the sensor component when the surgical instrument is in an unsensing state. FIG. 118 illustrates power reduction by limiting the sample rate and / or duty cycle of the secondary circuit sensor and / or electronic component 7005 when the surgical instrument is in a non-sensing state, according to one embodiment. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7022 with a sample rate monitor 7024. FIG. As shown in FIG. 118, the surgical instrument electronics subsystem 7022 includes a processor 7008 coupled to a main power circuit 7010. Main power circuit 7010 is coupled to sample rate monitor circuit 7024. Auxiliary power circuit 7014 is coupled to sample rate 7024 in powering sensors and / or electronic components 7005 via electrical conductors 7002, 7004. Primary circuitry comprising processor 7008 is coupled to device status monitor 7026. In various embodiments, the surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7022 uses sensors and / or electronic components 7005 to provide real-time feedback regarding tissue compressibility and thickness, as described herein above. . The modular architecture of the surgical instrument allows custom modular shaft configurations to use techniques specific to functional work. To allow such additional functionality, both power and signals are transferred between the modular components of the surgical instrument using electronic connection points and components. Increasing the number of sensors and / or electronic components 7005 increases the power consumption of the surgical instrument system 7022 and requires various techniques to reduce the power consumption of the surgical instrument system 7022.

  In one embodiment, to reduce power consumption, a surgical instrument configured with a sensor and / or electronic component 7005 (secondary circuit) can have a sample rate relative to the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 and / or A sample rate monitor 7024 is provided that may be implemented as a hardware circuit or software technology that reduces the duty cycle. Sample rate monitor 7024 operates in conjunction with device status monitor 7026. Device status monitor 7026 senses the status of various electrical / mechanical subsystems of the surgical instrument. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 118, the device status monitor 7026 indicates that the end effector status is either non-gripping (state 1), gripping (state 2), or after gripping (state 3) operating state. Determine if there is.

  Sample rate monitor 7024 sets the sample rate and / or duty cycle of sensor component 7005 based on the end effector status determined by device status monitor 7026. In one aspect, the sample rate monitor 7024 has a duty cycle of about 10% when the end effector is in state 1, about 50% when the end effector is in state 2, or about 20 when the end effector is in state 3. % May be set. In various other embodiments, the duty cycle and / or sample rate set by the sample rate monitor 7024 may use a range of values. For example, in another aspect, the sample rate monitor 7024 sets the duty cycle to a value from about 5% to about 15% when the end effector is in state 1 and from about 45% to about 55% when the end effector is in state 2. Or about 15% to about 25% when the end effector is in state 3. In various other embodiments, the duty cycle and / or sample rate set by the sample rate monitor 7024 may use a range of additional values. For example, in another aspect, the sample rate monitor 7024 sets the duty cycle to a value from about 1% to about 20% when the end effector is in state 1 and from about 20% to about 80% when the end effector is in state 2. Or when the end effector is in state 3, it may be set to a value of about 1% to about 50%. In various other embodiments, the duty cycle and / or sample rate set by the sample rate monitor 7024 may use a range of additional values.

  In one aspect, the sample rate monitor 7024 may be implemented by creating an auxiliary circuit / software coupled to the main circuit / software. If the auxiliary / software determines that the surgical instrument system 7022 is in a non-sensing state, the sample rate monitor 7024 puts the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 into a reduced sampling or duty cycle mode to Reduce the power load on Since the main power supply circuit 7010 remains active to supply power, the protected processor 7008 of the main circuit can monitor the state. As the surgical instrument system 7022 enters a state that requires more stringent sensing activity, the sample rate monitor 7024 increases the sample rate or duty cycle of the auxiliary circuit. The circuit can utilize a mix of integrated circuits, solid state components, microprocessors, and firmware. The reduced sample rate or duty cycle may also be monitored to indicate status to the end user of surgical instrument system 7022. The circuit / software may also be monitored to lock out the launch or function of the device when the device is in a power saving mode.

  In one embodiment, the hardware circuitry or software technology of the sample rate monitor 7024 reduces the sample rate and / or duty cycle for the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 to reduce the power consumption of the surgical instrument. The reduced sample rate and / or duty cycle may be monitored to indicate one or more conditions to the surgical instrument end user. In the case of reduced sample rate and / or duty cycle conditions in the surgical instrument, the protection circuit / software may be configured to lock out the surgical instrument from firing or otherwise operating.

  In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides overcurrent and / or voltage protection circuitry for surgical instrument sensors and / or electronic components. 119 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7028 comprising an overcurrent / overvoltage protection circuit 7030 for a sensor secondary sensor and / or electronic component 7005 according to one embodiment. In various embodiments, the surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7028 provides real-time feedback regarding tissue compressibility and thickness using sensors and / or electronic components 7005 as described hereinabove. . The modular architecture of the surgical instrument allows custom modular shaft configurations to use techniques specific to functional work. In order to enable the sensor and / or electronic component 7005, additional electronic connection points and components are added that transfer both power and signals between modular components. These additional conductors to the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 from the module piece are shorted and / or damaged, resulting in a large current draw, which is a weak processor 7008 circuit and / or other main circuit Damage to electronic components. In one embodiment, the overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 uses a self-isolating / returning auxiliary circuit 7014 coupled to the main power circuit 7010 to the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 on the surgical instrument Protect conductors. The operation of one embodiment of the self-isolating / returning auxiliary circuit 7014 is described in connection with FIG. 117 and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity and clarity.

  In one embodiment, in order to reduce electronic damage while there is a large current draw in the sensing surgical instrument, the surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7028 may include a sensor and / or electrical component 7005 conductor to the conductor. A current / voltage protection circuit 7030 is provided. Overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 may be implemented by creating an auxiliary circuit coupled to main power supply circuit 7010. If the auxiliary circuit electrical conductors 7002, 7004 experience higher levels of current than expected, the overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 isolates the current from the main power circuit 7010 to prevent damage. Since main power supply circuit 7010 remains active to supply power, protected main processor 7008 can monitor the status. When the large current draw in the auxiliary power circuit 7014 is restored, the auxiliary power circuit 7014 rejoins the main power circuit 7010 to provide power to the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 (eg, secondary circuit). Is available. Overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 may utilize integrated circuits, solid state components, microprocessors, firmware, circuit breakers, fuses, or a mixture of PTC (positive temperature coefficient) type technologies.

  In various embodiments, the overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 may also be monitored to indicate an overcurrent / voltage condition to the end user of the device. Overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 may also be monitored to lock out the firing of the surgical instrument when an overcurrent / voltage condition event is indicated. Overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 may also be monitored to indicate one or more overcurrent / voltage conditions to the end user of the device. In the event of a device overcurrent / voltage condition, the overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 may lock out the surgical instrument so that it is not fired or may lock out other operations of the surgical instrument.

120 is an overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 for a secondary instrument sensor and electronic component 7005 (FIG. 119) of a surgical instrument, according to one embodiment. Overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 provides a current path during the hard short circuit (SHORT) to the output of overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 and also flows through bypass capacitor C _BYPASS driven by stray inductance L _STREY . Provides a current path.

In one embodiment, the overcurrent / voltage protection circuit 7030 includes a current limit switch 7032 with automatic reset. Current limit switch 7032 includes a current sense resistor R _CS coupled to amplifier A. When amplifier A senses a surge current that exceeds a predetermined threshold, the amplifier activates breaker CB to open the current path and block the surge current. In one embodiment, the current limit switch 7032 with automatic reset may be implemented using a MAX1558 integrated circuit by Maxim. Current limit switch 7032 with automatic reset. Auto-reset latches off if switch 7032 is shorted for more than 20 ms, saving system power. The short circuit output (SHORT) is then tested to determine when the short circuit is removed and the channel is automatically restarted. Low quiescent supply current (45 μA) and standby current (3 μA) conserve battery current in the surgical instrument. A current limit switch 7032 with automatic reset safety characteristics ensures that the surgical instrument is protected. Built-in thermal overload protection limits power dissipation and junction temperature. An accurate and programmable current limit circuit protects the input supply against both overload and short circuit conditions. With fault blanking of 20 ms duration, the circuit can ignore transient faults such as those caused by hot swapping of capacitive loads, disturbing error warnings to the host system, etc. In one embodiment, automatic reset current limit switch 7032 also features reverse current protection circuitry that inhibits current flow from output to input when switch 7032 is off.

  In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides reverse polarity protection for surgical instrument sensors and / or electronic components. 121 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7040 having a reverse polarity protection circuit 7042 for a secondary circuit sensor and / or electronic component 7005 according to one embodiment. Reverse polarity protection uses a self-isolating / returning auxiliary circuit, referred to herein as an auxiliary power circuit 7014 coupled to the main power circuit 7010, to expose the surgical instrument's exposed lead (electrical conductor 7002). 7004). Reverse polarity protection circuit 7042 may be monitored to indicate one or more reverse polarity conditions to the end user of the device. If reverse polarity is applied to the device, the protection circuit 7042 may lock out the device from launching or other critical operation of the device.

  In various embodiments, the surgical instruments described herein use sensors and / or electronic components 7005 to provide real-time feedback regarding tissue compressibility and thickness. The modular architecture of the surgical instrument allows custom modular shaft configurations to use techniques specific to functional work. To enable the sensor and / or electronic component 7005, both power and data signals are transferred between the modular components. When assembled during modular component assembly, the electrical conductors used to transfer power and data signals between the connected components are generally exposed. These conductors may be fed with reverse polarity.

  Accordingly, in one embodiment, the surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7040 is configured to reduce electronic component damage while the reverse polarity connection 7044 is applied in a sensing surgical instrument. Surgical instrument electronics subsystem 7040 uses a polarity protection circuit 7042 in series with the exposed electrical conductors 7002, 7004. In one embodiment, the polarity protection circuit 7042 may be implemented by creating an auxiliary power circuit 7014 that is coupled to the main power circuit 7010. When the electric conductors 7002 and 7004 of the auxiliary power supply circuit 7014 are supplied with the reverse polarity, the power in the main power supply circuit 7010 is isolated to prevent damage. Since the main power supply circuit 7010 remains active to supply power, the protected processor 7008 of the main circuit can monitor the state. When the reverse polarity of the auxiliary power circuit 7014 is restored, the auxiliary power circuit 7014 can be used to rejoin the main power circuit 7010 and provide power to the secondary circuit. The reverse polarity protection circuit 7042 may also be monitored to indicate a reverse polarity condition to the end user of the device. The reverse polarity protection circuit 7042 may also be monitored to lock out the launch of the device if a reverse polarity event is indicated.

122 is a reverse polarity protection circuit 7042 for a secondary circuit sensor and / or electronic component 7005 of a surgical instrument according to one embodiment. During normal operation, the relay switch S1, an output contact in the normally closed (NC) position, the battery voltage _{B 1} of the main power source circuit 7010 (FIG. 121) is applied to _{V OUT} that is coupled to the secondary circuit . Diode _{D 1,} a current inhibit flow through the coil 7046 (indicator) of the relay switch _{S 1.} When the polarity of battery B ₁ is being reversed, the diode D ₁ conducts and energizes the relay switch S1 current flows through the coil 7046 of the relay switch S _1, disposed normally open (NO) position output contacts As a result, the reverse voltage from _VOUT coupled to the secondary circuit is disconnected. When the switch _{S 1} is made to NO position, the current from the positive terminal of the battery _{B 1} flows through the LED _{D 3} and resistor _{R 1,} is prevented from battery _{B 1} is short-circuited. Diode D ₂ is a clamping diode to protect against spikes caused by the coil 7046 during switching.

  In one embodiment, the surgical instruments described herein provide a power reduction technique that utilizes a sleep mode for sensors on modular devices. FIG. 123 is a block diagram of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7050 that utilizes a sleep mode monitor 7052 to reduce power for sensors and / or electronic components 7005 according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, the sleep mode monitor 7052 for the secondary circuit sensor and / or electronic component 7005 may be implemented as a circuit that reduces the power consumption of the surgical instrument and / or as a software routine. The protection circuitry of sleep mode monitor 7052 may be monitored to indicate one or more sleep mode conditions to the end user of the device. In the case of a sleep mode condition on the device, the protection circuitry / software of the sleep mode monitor 7052 may be configured to lock out the device being launched or operated by the user.

  In various embodiments, the surgical instrument described herein uses electronic sensor 7005 to provide real-time feedback regarding tissue compressibility and thickness. The modular architecture of the surgical instrument allows custom modular shaft configurations to use work-specific techniques. To enable sensor and / or electronic component 7005, additional electronic connection points and components that transfer both power and data signals between modular components may be used. As the number of sensors and / or electronic components 7005 increases, the power consumption of the surgical instrument increases, thereby necessitating techniques to reduce the power consumption of the surgical instrument.

  In one embodiment, the electronic subsystem 7050 comprises sleep mode monitor 7052 circuitry and / or software for the sensor 7005 that reduces the power consumption of the sensing surgical instrument. Sleep mode monitor 7052 may be implemented by creating auxiliary power circuit 7014 coupled to main power circuit 7010. Device status monitor 7054 monitors whether the surgical instrument is 1 = non-gripping state, 2 = gripping state, or 3 = post-gripping state. If the sleep mode monitor 7052 software determines that the surgical instrument is in a non-sensing (1 = non-gripping) state, the sleep mode monitor 7052 places the secondary circuit sensor and / or electronic component 7005 in sleep mode. The power load on the main power supply circuit 7010 is reduced. Since the main power supply circuit 7010 remains active to supply power, the protected processor 7008 of the main circuit can monitor the state. When the surgical instrument enters a state requiring sensor activity, the auxiliary power circuit 7014 is awakened and rejoins the main power circuit 7010. The sleep mode monitor 7051 circuit may utilize a mix of integrated circuits, solid state components, microprocessors, and / or firmware. The sleep mode monitor 7051 circuit may also be monitored to indicate status to the end user of the device. The sleep mode monitor 7051 circuit may also be monitored to lock out the launch or function of the device when the device is in sleep mode.

  In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides protection against intermittent power loss of sensors and / or electronic components of modular surgical instruments. FIG. 124 illustrates a block of a surgical instrument electronic subsystem 7060 that includes a temporary power loss circuit 7062 that provides protection against intermittent power loss of a secondary surgical sensor and / or electronic component 7005 of a modular surgical instrument. FIG.

  In various embodiments, the surgical instruments described herein use sensors and / or electronic components 7005 to provide real-time feedback regarding tissue compressibility and thickness. Modular architecture allows surgical instruments to be configured with custom modular shafts to use work specific techniques. To enable sensor and / or electronic component 7005, additional electronic connection points and components that transfer both power and signals between modular components may be used. As the number of electrical connection points increases, the likelihood that the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 will experience short-term intermittent power loss increases.

  According to one embodiment, temporary power loss circuit 7062 is configured to reduce device operational errors due to short-term intermittent power loss in a sensing surgical instrument. Temporary power loss circuit 7062 has the capability to deliver power continuously for a short period when power from main power supply circuit 7010 is interrupted. Temporary power loss circuit 7062 may comprise capacitive elements, batteries, and / or other electronic elements that can equalize, detect, or store power.

  As shown in FIG. 124, temporary power loss circuit 7062 may be implemented by creating an auxiliary circuit / software coupled to the main circuit / software. If the auxiliary circuit / software experiences a sudden power loss from the main power source, the sensor and / or electronic component 7005 powered by the auxiliary power circuit 7014 is not affected for a short period of time. During power loss, auxiliary power circuit 7014 may be powered by capacitive elements, batteries, and / or other electronic elements that can equalize or store power. Temporary power loss circuit 7062 implemented in either hardware or software may also be monitored to lock out surgical instrument firing or function when the device is in a power saving mode. In the event of an intermittent power loss condition in a surgical instrument, temporary power loss circuit 7062 implemented in either hardware or software may lock out the firing or operation of the surgical instrument.

  125 illustrates one embodiment of a temporary power loss circuit 7062 implemented as a hardware circuit. The hardware circuit of temporary power loss circuit 7062 is configured to reduce surgical instrument malfunction due to short-term intermittent power loss. Temporary power loss circuit 7062 has the ability to deliver power continuously for a short period when power from main power supply circuit 7010 (FIG. 124) is interrupted. Temporary power loss circuit 7062 uses capacitive elements, batteries, and / or other electronic elements that can equalize, detect, or store power. Temporary power loss circuit 7062 may be monitored to indicate one or more conditions to the end user of the surgical instrument. In the event of an intermittent power loss condition in the surgical instrument, the temporary power loss circuit 7062 protection circuitry / software may lock out the firing or operation of the device.

  In the illustrated embodiment, the temporary power loss circuit 7062 comprises an analog switch integrated circuit U1. In one embodiment, the analog switch integrated circuit U1 is a single pole / single throw (SPST) low voltage single power supply CMOS analog switch, such as the MAX4501 provided by Maxim. In one embodiment, the analog switch integrated circuit U1 is normally open (NO). In other embodiments, the analog switch integrated circuit U1 may be normally closed (NC). The input IN activates the NO analog switch 7064 to connect the output of the step-up DC-DC converter U3 to the input of the linear regulator U2 via a standby “reserve capacitor”. The output of linear regulator U2 is coupled to the input of DC-DC converter U3. Linear regulator U2 maximizes battery life by combining ultra-low supply current and low dropout voltage. In one embodiment, the linear regulator U2 is a MAX882 integrated circuit provided by Maxim.

  The battery is also coupled to the input of the step-up DC-DC converter U3. The step-up DC-DC converter U3 eliminates the need for an external Schottky diode, thereby improving efficiency and reducing size and cost with a small, high-efficiency step-up with a built-in synchronous rectifier. A DC-DC converter may be used. In one embodiment, step-up DC-DC converter U3 is a MAX1674 integrated circuit from Maxim.

Smart Cartridge Technology FIGS. 126A and 126B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10000 that includes a magnet 10008 and a Hall effect sensor 10010 in communication with a processor 10012. The end effector 10000 is similar to the end effector 300 described above. The end effector comprises a first jaw member or anvil 10002 pivotally coupled to a second jaw member or elongated channel 10004. The elongate channel 10004 is configured to operably support the staple cartridge 10006 therein. Staple cartridge 10006 is similar to staple cartridge 304 described above. The anvil 10008 includes a magnet 10008. The staple cartridge includes a Hall effect sensor 10010 and a processor 10012. Hall effect sensor 10010 is operable to communicate with processor 10012 through conductive coupling 10014. Hall effect sensor 10010 is positioned within staple cartridge 10006 to operably couple with magnet 10008 when anvil 10002 is in the closed position. Hall effect sensor 10010 can be configured to detect a change in magnetic field surrounding Hall effect sensor 10010 due to movement or position of magnet 10008.

  127 illustrates one embodiment of operable dimensions associated with the operation of Hall effect sensor 10010. The first dimension 10020 is between the center bottom of the magnet 10008 and the top of the staple cartridge 10006. The first dimension 10020 can be, for example, 0.118 cm, 0.0826 cm, 0.0391 cm, or 0.0391 cm (0.0466 inch, 0.0325 inch, 0.0154 inch, or 0.0154 inch), or any May vary with the size and shape of the staple cartridge 10006, such as between reasonable values of. Second dimension 10022 is between the center bottom of magnet 10008 and the top of Hall effect sensor 10010. The second dimension can also be, for example, 0.169 cm, 0.133 cm, 0.0899 cm, 0.0881 cm (0.0666 inch, 0.0525 inch, 0.0354 inch, 0.0347 inch), or any reasonable The value may vary with the size and shape of the staple cartridge 10006. A third dimension 10024 is between the top of the processor 10012 and the retracting surface 10028 of the staple cartridge 10006. The third dimension is also, for example, 0.113 cm, 0.112 cm, 0.101 cm, 0.0904 cm (0.0444 inch, 0.0440 inch, 0.0398 inch, 0.0356 inch), or any reasonable The value may vary with the size and shape of the staple cartridge. Angle 10026 is the angle between the anvil 10002 and the top of the staple cartridge 10006. The angle 10026 may also vary with the size and shape of the staple cartridge 10006, such as 0.91 degrees, 0.68 degrees, 0.62 degrees, 0.15 degrees, or any reasonable value.

  128A-128D further illustrate dimensions that may vary with the size and shape of the staple cartridge 10006 and may affect the operation of the Hall effect sensor 10010. FIG. FIG. 128A shows an external side view of one embodiment of a staple cartridge 10006. The staple cartridge 10006 includes an extrusion lug 10036. As shown in FIG. 126A, when the staple cartridge 10006 is operably coupled with the end effector 10000, the extrusion lug 10030 is on the side of the elongated channel 10004.

  FIG. 128B shows the various possible dimensions between the lower surface 10038 of the extrusion lug 10030 and the top of the Hall effect sensor 10010 (not shown). The first dimension 10030a is possible for black, blue, green, or gold staple cartridge 10006, where the body color of the staple cartridge 10006 is used to identify various aspects of the staple cartridge 10006. Also good. The first dimension 10030a can be, for example, 0.015 cm (0.005 inches) below the lower surface 10038 of the extrusion lug 10030. A second dimension 10030b is possible for the gray staple cartridge 10006 and can be 0.160 cm (0.060 inches) above the lower surface 10038 of the extrusion lug 10030. A third dimension 10030c is possible for the white staple cartridge 10006 and can be 0.030 inches above the lower surface 10038 of the extrusion lug 10036.

  FIG. 128C illustrates an external side view of one embodiment of a staple cartridge 10006. Staple cartridge 10006 includes an extrusion lug 10036 having a lower surface 10038. Staple cartridge 10006 further includes an upper surface 10046 directly above Hall effect sensor 10010 (not shown). FIG. 128D shows the various possible dimensions between the lower surface 10038 of the extrusion lug 10038 and the upper surface 10046 of the staple cartridge 10006 above the Hall effect sensor 10010. A first dimension 10040 is possible for a black, blue, green, or gold staple cartridge 10006, and may be, for example, 0.038 cm (0.015 inch) above the lower surface 10038 of the extrusion lug 10036. . A second dimension 10042 is possible for a gray staple cartridge 10006 and can be, for example, 0.20 cm (0.080 inch). A third dimension 10044 is possible for a white staple cartridge 10006, for example 0.050.

  It is understood that references to the body color of staple cartridge 10006 are for convenience and are merely examples. It is understood that other colors of the staple cartridge 10006 body are possible. It is also understood that the dimensions given for FIGS. 128A-128D are exemplary and not limiting.

  FIG. 129A shows a variety of different sized magnets 10058a-10058d depending on how each magnet 10058a-10058d can fit into the distal end of the anvil, such as the anvil 10002 shown in FIGS. 126A-126B. The embodiment is shown. Magnets 10058a-10058d may be positioned at the distal tip of anvil 10002 at a given distance 10050 from an anvil pin or pivot point 10052. This distance 10050 may vary with the end effector and staple cartridge construction and / or the desired position of the magnet. FIG. 129B further illustrates an anvil 10002 and a front end cross-sectional view 10054 of the central axis point of the anvil 10002. FIG. 129A also shows an example 10056 of how various embodiments of magnets 10058a-10058d can fit into the same anvil 10002.

  FIGS. 130A-130E illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10100 with a magnet 10058a as shown in FIGS. 129A-129B by way of example. FIG. 130A shows a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector 10100. End effector 10100 is similar to end effector 300 described above. End effector 10100 includes a first jaw member or anvil 10102, a second jaw member or elongate channel 10104, and a staple cartridge 10106 operably coupled to the elongate channel 10104. The anvil 10102 further includes a magnet 10058a. The staple cartridge 10106 further includes a Hall effect sensor 10110. Anvil 10102 is shown here in the closed position. FIG. 130B shows a front end cutaway view of the anvil 10102 and magnet 10058a in situ. FIG. 130C shows a cutaway perspective view of the anvil 10102 and magnet 10058a in situ. FIG. 130D shows a side cutaway view of the anvil 10102 and magnet 10058a in the operating position. FIG. 130E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil 10102 and magnet 10058a in the operating position.

  131A-131E show one embodiment of an end effector 10150 that includes, by way of example, a magnet 10058d as shown in FIGS. 129A-129B. FIG. 131A shows a front end cross-sectional view of the end effector 10150. End effector 10150 includes an anvil 10152, an elongated channel 10154, and a staple cartridge 10156. The anvil 10152 further includes a magnet 10058d. The staple cartridge 10156 further includes a Hall effect sensor 10160. FIG. 131B shows a front end cutaway view of the anvil 10150 and magnet 10058d in situ. FIG. 131C shows a cutaway perspective view of the anvil 10152 and magnet 10058d in the operating position. FIG. 131D shows a side cutaway view of anvil 10152 and magnet 10058d in the operating position. FIG. 131E shows a top cutaway view of the anvil 10152 and magnet 10058d in the operating position.

  FIG. 132 shows an end effector 300 as described above, and shows the point of contact between the anvil 306 and either the staple cartridge 304 and / or the elongate channel 302. The point of contact between the anvil 306 and the staple cartridge 304 and / or the elongated channel 302 determines the position of the anvil 306 and / or between the anvil 306 and the staple cartridge 304 and / or the anvil 306 and the elongated channel 302. Can be used to provide a point between. Distal contact point 10170 can provide a contact point between anvil 306 and staple cartridge 304. Proximal contact point 10172 can provide a contact point between anvil 306 and elongated channel 302.

  133A and 133B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10200 operable to create an electrical connection using a conductive surface at a distal contact point. End effector 10200 is similar to end effector 300 described above. The end effector includes an anvil 10202, an elongated channel 10204, and a staple cartridge 10206. Anvil 10202 further comprises a magnet 10208 and an inner surface 10210, the inner surface further comprising a number of staple forming indents 10212. In some embodiments, the inner surface 10210 of the anvil 10202 further comprises a first conductive surface 10214 that surrounds the staple forming indent 10212. The first conductive surface 10214 can be in contact with the second conductive surface 10222 on the staple cartridge 10206 as shown in FIG. 107B. FIG. 107B shows an enlarged view of the cartridge body 10216 of the staple cartridge 10206. The cartridge body 10216 includes a number of staple cavities 10218 designed to hold staples (not shown). In some embodiments, the staple cavity 10218 further comprises a staple cavity extension 10220 that projects above the surface of the cartridge body 10216. The staple cavity extension 10220 can be covered with a second conductive surface 10222. The staple cavity extension 10222 projects above the surface of the cartridge body 10216 so that the second conductive surface 10222 contacts the first conductive surface 10214 when the anvil 10202 is in the closed position. . In this way, the anvil 10202 can make electrical contact with the staple cartridge 10206.

  134A-134C illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10250 that is operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface. FIG. 134A shows an end effector 10250 comprising an anvil 10252, an elongated channel 10254, and a staple cartridge 10256. The anvil further comprises a magnet 10258 and an inner surface 10260, the inner surface further comprising a staple forming indent 10262. In some embodiments, the inner surface 10260 of the anvil 10250 further comprises a first conductive surface 10264 located distally from the staple forming surface 10262, as shown by way of example in FIG. 134B. it can. The first conductive surface 10264 is positioned such that it can contact a second conductive surface 10272 located on the staple cartridge 10256, as shown in FIG. 134C. FIG. 134C shows a staple cartridge 10256 with a cartridge body 10266. The cartridge body 10266 further comprises a top surface 10270 that can be covered with a second conductive surface 10272 in some embodiments. The first conductive surface 10264 is disposed on the inner surface 10260 of the anvil 10252 such that it contacts the second conductive surface 10272 when the anvil 10252 is in the closed position. In this way, the anvil 10250 can make electrical contact with the staple cartridge 10256.

  135A and 135B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10300 operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface. End effector 10300 includes an anvil 10302, an elongated channel 10304, and a staple cartridge 10306. Anvil 10302 further comprises a magnet 10308 and an inner surface 10310, the inner surface further comprising a number of staple forming indents 10312. In some embodiments, the inner surface 10310 further comprises a first conductive surface 10314 that surrounds some of the staple forming indents 10312. The first conductive surface is positioned such that it can contact the second conductive surface 10322 as shown in FIG. 109B. FIG. 109B shows an enlarged view of the staple cartridge 10306. The staple cartridge 10306 includes a cartridge main body 10316, and the cartridge main body further includes an upper surface 10320. In some embodiments, the leading edge of the top surface 10320 can be covered with a second conductive surface 10322. The first conductive surface 10312 is positioned in contact with the second conductive surface 10322 when the anvil 10302 is in the closed position. In this way, the anvil 10302 can form an electrical connection with the staple cartridge 10306.

  136A and 136B illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10350 operable to form an electrical connection using a conductive surface. 136A shows an end effector 10350 comprising an anvil 10352, an elongated channel 10354, and a staple cartridge 10356. Anvil 10352 further comprises a magnet 10358 and an inner surface 10360, the inner surface further comprising a number of staple forming indents 10362. In some embodiments, the inner surface 10360 further comprises a first conductive surface 10364 that surrounds some of the staple forming indents 10362. The first conductive surface is positioned such that it can contact the second conductive surface 10372 as shown in FIG. 136B. FIG. 136B shows an enlarged view of the staple cartridge 10356. The staple cartridge 10356 includes a cartridge body 10366, and the cartridge body further includes an upper surface 10370. In some embodiments, the leading edge of the top surface 10327 can be covered with a second conductive surface 10372. The first conductive surface 10362 is positioned in contact with the second conductive surface 10372 when the anvil 10352 is in the closed position. In this way, the anvil 10352 can form an electrical connection with the staple cartridge 10356.

  FIGS. 137A-137C illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10400 operable to form an electrical connection using the proximal contact point 10408. FIG. FIG. 137A shows an end effector 10400 comprising an anvil 10402, an elongated channel 10404, and a staple cartridge 10406. The anvil 10402 further comprises a pin 10410 extending from the anvil 10402 and enabling the anvil to pivot between an elongated channel 10404 and a staple cartridge 10406 between an open position and a closed position. FIG. 137B is an enlarged view of the pin 10410 contained within the aperture 10418 defined in the elongated channel 10404 for the purpose of containing the pin. In some embodiments, the pin 10410 further comprises a first conductive surface 10412 located outside the pin 10410. In some embodiments, the aperture 10418 further comprises a second conductive surface 10141 on its outer surface. As the anvil 10402 moves between the closed and open positions, the first conductive surface 10412 on the pin 10410 rotates and comes into contact with the second conductive surface 10414 on the surface of the aperture 10418. Thereby creating an electrical contact. FIG. 137C illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the alternative location of the second conductive surface 10416 is on the surface of the aperture 10418.

  FIG. 138 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 10450 with a distal sensor plug 10466. The end effector 10450 includes a first jaw member or anvil 10452, a second jaw member or elongated channel 10454, and a staple cartridge 10466. Staple cartridge 10466 further includes a distal sensor plug 10466 located at the distal end of staple cartridge 10466.

  FIG. 139A shows the end effector 10450 with the anvil 10452 in the open position. FIG. 139B shows a cross-sectional view of end effector 10450 with anvil 10452 in the open position. As illustrated, the anvil 10452 may further comprise a magnet 10458 and the staple cartridge 10456 further comprises a distal sensor plug 10466 and a wedge-shaped thread 10468 similar to the wedge-shaped thread 190 described above. Also good. FIG. 139C shows the end effector 10450 with the anvil 10452 in the closed position. FIG. 139D shows a cross-sectional view of end effector 10450 with anvil 10452 in the closed position. As illustrated, the anvil 10452 may further comprise a magnet 10458 and the staple cartridge 10456 may further comprise a distal sensor plug 10466 and a wedge-shaped thread 10468. As illustrated, the magnet 10458 is proximate to the distal sensor plug 10466 when the anvil 10452 is in the closed position relative to the staple cartridge 10456.

  140 provides an enlarged view of a cross-section of the distal end of end effector 10450. FIG. As illustrated, the distal sensor plug 10466 may further comprise a Hall effect sensor 10460 in communication with the processor 10462. Hall effect sensor 10460 can be operatively connected to flexible substrate 10464. The processor 10462 can also be operably connected to the flexible substrate 10464 such that the flexible substrate 10464 provides a communication path between the Hall effect sensor 10460 and the processor 10462. The anvil 10452 is shown in a closed position, and as illustrated, the magnet 10458 is in proximity to the Hall effect sensor 10460 when the anvil 10452 is in the closed position.

  FIG. 141 shows an enlarged top view of a staple cartridge 10456 with a distal sensor plug 10466. The staple cartridge 10456 further includes a cartridge body 10470. The cartridge body 10470 further comprises an electrical trace 10472. The electrical trace 10472 provides power to the distal sensor plug 10466 and is connected to a power source at the proximal end of the staple cartridge 10456, as described in more detail below. The electrical trace 10472 can be placed in the cartridge body 10470 by various methods, such as, for example, laser etching.

  142A and 142B illustrate one embodiment of a staple cartridge 10506 with a distal sensor plug 10516. FIG. 142A is a perspective view of the lower surface of the staple cartridge 10506. FIG. The staple cartridge 10506 includes a cartridge main body 10520 and a cartridge tray 10522. Staple cartridge 10506 further includes a distal sensor cover 10524 that surrounds a lower region of the distal end of staple cartridge 10506. The cartridge tray 10522 further includes an electrical contact 10526. 142B shows a cross-sectional view of the distal end of staple cartridge 10506. FIG. As illustrated, the staple cartridge 10506 can further comprise a distal sensor plug 10516 located within the cartridge body 10520. The distal sensor plug 10516 further comprises a Hall effect sensor 10510 and a processor 10512, both of which are operatively connected to the flexible substrate 10514. The distal sensor plug 10516 can be connected to the electrical contact 10526 so that the conductivity of the cartridge tray 10522 can be used as a power source. FIG. 142B further illustrates a distal sensor cover 10524 surrounding the distal sensor plug 10516 in the cartridge body 10520.

  FIGS. 143A-143C illustrate one embodiment of a staple cartridge 10606 comprising a flexible cable 10630 connected to a Hall effect sensor 10610 and a processor 10612. Staple cartridge 10606 is similar to staple cartridge 306 described above. FIG. 143A is an exploded view of the staple cartridge 10606. The staple cartridge 10606 includes a cartridge body 10620, a wedge-shaped thread 10618, a cartridge tray 10622, and a flexible cable 10630. The flexible cable 10630 is an electrical contact 10632 at the proximal end of the staple cartridge 10606 that is arranged to make an electrical connection when the staple cartridge 10606 is operatively coupled to an end effector, such as the end effector 10800 described above. Is further provided. The electrical contacts 10632 are integrated with a cable trace 10634 that extends along a portion of the length of the staple cartridge 10606. Cable trace 10634 makes a connection 10636 near the distal end of staple cartridge 10606 and is joined to conductive coupling 10614 by this connection 10636. Hall effect sensor 10610 and processor 10612 are operably coupled to conductive coupling 10614 such that Hall effect sensor 10610 and processor 10612 can communicate.

  FIG. 143B shows the assembly of staple cartridge 10606 and flexible cable 10630 in more detail. As illustrated, the cartridge tray 10622 surrounds the lower surface of the cartridge body 10620 and thereby surrounds the wedge-shaped sledge 10618. The flexible cable 10630 can be disposed outside the cartridge tray 10622, with the conductive coupling 10614 positioned within the distal end of the cartridge body 10620 and the electrical contact 10632 disposed outside near the proximal end. The flexible cable 10630 can be placed outside the cartridge tray 10622 by any suitable means such as bonding or laser etching.

  FIG. 143C shows a cross-sectional view of staple cartridge 10606 showing the placement of Hall effect sensor 10610, processor 10612, and conductive coupling 10614 within the distal end of the staple cartridge, according to this embodiment.

  144A-144F illustrate one embodiment of a staple cartridge 10656 that includes a flexible cable 10680 connected to a Hall effect sensor 10660 and a processor 10660. FIG. 144A is an exploded view of the staple cartridge 10656. The staple cartridge includes a cartridge main body 10670, a wedge-shaped thread 10668, a cartridge tray 10672, and a flexible cable 10680. The flexible cable 10680 further includes a cable trace 10684 that extends along a portion of the length of the staple cartridge 10656. Each of the cable traces 10684 has an angle 10686 near their distal end and connects from there to a conductive coupling 10664. Hall effect sensor 10660 and processor 10661 are operably coupled to conductive coupling 10664 such that Hall effect sensor 10660 and processor 10661 can communicate.

  FIG. 144B shows the assembly of staple cartridge 10656. Cartridge tray 10672 surrounds the lower surface of cartridge body 10670 and thereby surrounds wedge-shaped thread 10668. The flexible cable 10680 is disposed between the cartridge main body 10670 and the cartridge tray 10672. Thus, only the angle 10686 and the conductive coupling 10664 are visible in the drawing.

  FIG. 144C shows the underside of the assembled staple cartridge 10656 and shows the flexible cable 10680 in more detail. In the assembled staple cartridge 10656, the conductive coupling 10664 is located at the distal end of the staple cartridge 10656. Because the flexible cable 10680 can be positioned between the cartridge body 10670 and the cartridge tray 10672, only the angle 10686 end of the cable trace 10684 is visible from the underside of the staple cartridge 10656 as well as the conductive coupling 10664.

  FIG. 144D shows a cross-sectional view of staple cartridge 10656 showing the placement of Hall effect sensor 10660, processor 10661, and conductive coupling 10664. FIG. Also, the angle 10686 of the cable trace 10684 is shown to illustrate where the angle 10686 can be placed. Cable trace 10684 is not shown.

  FIG. 144E shows the underside of the staple cartridge 10656 without the cartridge tray 10672 and including the wedge-shaped thread 10668 in the most distal position. To illustrate a possible arrangement of cable traces 10684 that would otherwise be hidden by the cartridge tray 10672, the tape cartridge 10656 is shown with the exception of the cartridge tray 10672. As illustrated, the cable trace 10684 can be disposed within the cartridge body 10670. Angle 10686 optionally allows cable trace 10684 to occupy a smaller space at the distal end of cartridge body 10670.

  FIG. 144F also shows a staple cartridge 10656 that does not have a cartridge tray 10672 to show possible placement of the cable trace 10684. As illustrated, the cable trace 10684 can be disposed along the outer length of the cartridge body 10670. Further, the cable trace 10684 can form an angle 10686 that falls within the distal end of the cartridge body 10670.

  FIGS. 145A and 145B illustrate one embodiment of a staple cartridge 10706 that includes a flexible cable 10730, a Hall effect sensor 10710, and a processor 10712. FIG. 145A is an exploded view of the staple cartridge 10706. The staple cartridge 10706 includes a cartridge main body 10720, a wedge-shaped thread 10718, a cartridge tray 10722, and a flexible cable 10730. The flexible cable 10730 further comprises an electrical contact 10732 arranged to make an electrical connection when the staple cartridge 10706 is operably coupled with the end effector. Electrical contact 10732 is integral with cable trace 10734. The cable trace connects 10736 near the distal end of the staple cartridge 10706 and is joined to the conductive coupling 10714 by this connection 10736. Hall effect sensor 10710 and processor 10712 are operably coupled to conductive coupling 10714 in a communicable manner.

  FIG. 145B shows the assembly of staple cartridge 10706 and flexible cable 10730 in more detail. As illustrated, the cartridge tray 10722 surrounds the lower surface of the cartridge body 10720 and thereby surrounds the wedge-shaped thread 10718. The flexible cable 10730 can be disposed outside the cartridge tray 10722 with the conductive coupling 10714 positioned within the distal end of the cartridge body 10720. The flexible cable 10730 can be placed outside the cartridge tray 10722 by any suitable means such as bonding or laser etching.

  FIGS. 146A-146F illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 10800 with a flexible cable 10840 operable to provide power to a staple cartridge 10806 with a distal sensor plug 10816. FIG. End effector 10800 is similar to end effector 300 described above. End effector 10800 includes a first jaw member or anvil 10802, a second jaw member or elongated channel 10804, and a staple cartridge 10806 operably coupled to the elongated channel 10804. End effector 10800 is operably coupled to shaft assembly 10900. The shaft assembly 10900 is similar to the shaft assembly 200 described above. The shaft assembly 10900 further includes a closure tube 10902 that surrounds the outside of the shaft assembly 10900. In some embodiments, the shaft assembly 10900 further comprises an articulation joint 10904 that includes a double pivot closure sleeve assembly 10906. Double pivot closure sleeve assembly 10906 includes an end effector closure sleeve assembly 10908 operable to couple with end effector 10800.

  FIG. 146A shows a perspective view of the end effector 10800 coupled to the shaft assembly 10900. In various embodiments, the shaft assembly 10900 further comprises a flexible cable 10830 that is configured not to interfere with the function of the articulation joint 10904, as described in more detail below. FIG. 146B shows a perspective view of the bottom surface of the end effector 10800 and shaft assembly 10900. In some embodiments, the closure tube 10902 of the shaft assembly 10900 further comprises a first aperture 10908 through which the flexible cable 10908 can extend. The closure sleeve assembly 10908 further comprises a second aperture 10910 through which the flexible cable 10908 can pass.

  FIG. 146C shows an end effector 10800 with a flexible cable 10830 and no shaft assembly 10900. As illustrated, in some embodiments, the flexible cable 10830 is operable to wrap around the articulation joint 10904 and thereby bendable as the articulation joint 10904 moves. A single coil 10832 can be included.

  FIGS. 146D and 146E show the elongated channel 10804 portion of the end effector 10800 without the anvil 10802 or staple cartridge 10806 showing how the flexible cable 10830 can fit within the elongated channel 10804. FIGS. In some embodiments, the elongate channel 10804 further comprises a third aperture 10824 for receiving the flexible cable 10830. Within the body of the elongate channel 10804, the flexible cable branches 10834 to form an extension 10836 on either side of the elongate channel 10804. FIG. 146E further illustrates a connector 10838 that can be operatively coupled to the flexible cable extension 10836.

  FIG. 146F shows only the flexible cable 10830. As illustrated, the flexible cable 10830 includes a single coil 10832 operable to wrap around an articulation joint 10904 and a branch 10834 attached to the extension 10836. The extensions can be coupled to the connector 10838, which has prongs 10840 for coupling to the staple cartridge 10806 on their distal facing surfaces, as described below.

  FIG. 147 shows an enlarged view of the elongated channel 10804 to which the staple cartridge 10806 is coupled. The staple cartridge 10804 includes a cartridge main body 10822 and a cartridge tray 10820. In some embodiments, the staple cartridge 10806 further comprises an electrical trace 10828 coupled to the proximal contact 10856 at the proximal end of the staple cartridge 10806. Proximal contact 10856 can be positioned to form a conductive connection with prong 10840 of connector 10838 coupled to flexible cable extension 10836. Thus, when the staple cartridge 10806 is operably coupled with the elongated channel 10804, the flexible cable 10830 can provide power to the staple cartridge 10806 through the connector 10838 and the connector prong 10840.

  FIGS. 148A-148D further illustrate one embodiment of a staple cartridge 10806 operating with this embodiment of the end effector 10800. FIG. FIG. 148A shows an enlarged view of the proximal end of the staple cartridge 10806. As described above, the staple cartridge 10806 includes an electrical trace 10828 that forms a proximal contact 10856 at the proximal end of the staple cartridge 10806 operable to couple with a flexible cable 10830 as described above. FIG. 148B shows an enlarged view of the distal end of the staple cartridge 10806 with space for the distal sensor plug 10816 as described below. As illustrated, the electrical trace 10828 can extend along the length of the staple cartridge body 10822 and form a distal contact 10856 at the distal end. FIG. 148C further illustrates a distal sensor plug 10816 that, in some embodiments, is shaped to be received in a space formed therefor at the distal end of the staple cartridge 10806. FIG. 148D shows the face facing the proximal side of the distal sensor plug 10816. As illustrated, the distal sensor plug 10816 has a sensor plug contact 10854 positioned to couple with the distal contact 10858 of the staple cartridge 10806. Thus, in some embodiments, the electrical trace 10828 can be operable to provide power to the distal sensor plug 10816.

  FIGS. 149A and 149B illustrate one embodiment of a distal sensor plug 10816. FIG. 149A shows a cutaway view of the distal sensor plug 10816. As illustrated, the distal sensor plug 10816 includes a Hall effect sensor 10810 and a processor 10812. The distal sensor plug 10816 further comprises a flexible substrate 10814. As further shown in FIG. 149B, the Hall effect sensor 10810 and the processor 10812 are operably coupled to the flexible substrate 10814 so that they can communicate.

  FIG. 150 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 10960 having a flexible cable 10980 operable to provide power to sensors and electronics 10972 at the distal tip of the anvil 19052 portion. End effector 10950 includes a first jaw member or anvil 10962, a second jaw member or elongate channel 10964, and a staple cartridge 10956 operably coupled to the elongate channel 10952. End effector 10960 is operably coupled to shaft assembly 10960. The shaft assembly 10960 further comprises a closure tube 10962 that surrounds the shaft assembly 10960. In some embodiments, the shaft assembly 10960 further comprises an articulation joint 10964 that includes a double pivot closure sleeve assembly 10966.

  In various embodiments, the end effector 10950 further comprises a flexible cable 19080 configured to not interfere with the function of the articulation joint 10964. In some embodiments, the closure tube 10962 includes a first aperture 10968 through which a flexible cable 10980 can extend. In some embodiments, the flexible cable 10980 further comprises a loop or coil 10982 that wraps around the articulation joint 10964 so that the flexible cable 10980 can function as an articulation joint 10964, as described in more detail below. Does not interfere. In some embodiments, the flexible cable 10980 extends along the length of the anvil 10951 to a second aperture 10970 at the distal tip of the anvil 10951.

  151A-151C illustrate the operation of the articulation joint 10964 and the flexible cable 19080 of the end effector 10950. FIG. FIG. 151A shows a top view of end effector 10952 with end effector 109650 pivoting −45 ° relative to shaft assembly 10960. As illustrated, the coil 10982 of the flexible cable 10980 bends with the joint joint 10964 so that the flexible cable 10980 does not interfere with the operation of the joint joint 10964. FIG. 151B shows a top view of the end effector 10950. As illustrated, the coil 10982 wraps around the joint joint 10964 once. FIG. 151C shows a top view of end effector 10950 with end effector 10950 pivoted + 45 ° relative to shaft assembly 10960. As illustrated, the coil 10982 of the flexible cable 10980 bends with the joint joint 10964 so that the flexible cable 10980 does not interfere with the operation of the joint joint 10964.

  FIG. 152 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the distal tip of one embodiment of an anvil 10952 with sensor and electronic component 10972. Anvil 10952 includes a flexible cable 10980 as described with respect to FIGS. 150 and 151A-151C. As shown in FIG. 152, the anvil 10952 further comprises a second aperture 10970 through which the flexible cable 10980 can pass, whereby the flexible cable 10980 can enter the housing 10974 within the anvil 10952. it can. Within housing 10974, flexible cable 10980 can be operatively coupled to sensors and electronics 10972 located within housing 10974, thereby providing power to the sensors and electronics 10972.

  FIG. 153 shows a cutaway view of the distal tip of the anvil 10952. FIG. 153 illustrates one embodiment of a housing 10974 that can accommodate sensors and electronic components 10972 as illustrated by FIG. 152.

  According to various embodiments, the surgical instrument described herein may include one or more processors (eg, a microprocessor, a microcontroller) coupled to various sensors. In addition, a storage device (having operating logic) and a communication interface are coupled to each other for the processor.

  As described above, the sensor may be configured to detect and collect data associated with the surgical device. The processor processes sensor data received from the sensor.

  The processor may be configured to execute operational logic. The processor may be any one of a number of single or multi-core processors known in the art. The storage device may comprise volatile and non-volatile storage media configured to store permanent and temporary (working) copies of the operating logic.

  In various embodiments, the operational logic may be configured to perform initial processing and send data to a computer hosting the application to determine and generate instructions. For these embodiments, the operational logic may be further configured to receive information from the host computer and provide feedback to the host computer. In alternative embodiments, the operational logic may be configured to play a greater role in receiving information and determining feedback. In either case, regardless of whether it makes its own determination or responds to a command from the host computer, the operational logic may be further configured to control and provide feedback to the user.

  In various embodiments, the operational logic may be implemented in the form of instructions supported by the processor's instruction set architecture (ISA) or in the form of a high-level language and compiled into a supported ISA. The operating logic may include one or more logic units or modules. The operation logic may be implemented in an object-oriented manner. The operational logic may be configured to be executed in a multitasking and / or multithreaded manner. In other embodiments, the operational logic may be implemented in the form of hardware such as a gate array.

  In various embodiments, the communication interface may be configured to facilitate communication between the peripheral device and the computing system. The communication transmits collected biometric data associated with the position, posture, and / or motion data of the user's body part to the host computer, and transmits data associated with tactile feedback from the host computer to the peripheral device. You may include that. In various embodiments, the communication interface may be a wired or wireless communication interface. An example of a wired communication interface may include, but is not limited to, a universal serial bus (USB) interface. An example of a wireless communication interface can include, but is not limited to, a Bluetooth interface.

  For various embodiments, the processor may be packaged with operational logic. In various embodiments, the processor may be packaged with operational logic to form a SiP. In various embodiments, the processors may be integrated with operational logic on the same die. In various embodiments, the processor may be packaged with operational logic to form a system on chip (SoC).

  Various embodiments may be described herein in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as software, program modules, and / or engines being executed by a processor. Generally, software, program modules, and / or engines include any software element that is configured to perform a specific operation or implement a specific abstract data type. Software, program modules, and / or engines can include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Software, program modules, and / or engine components and technology implementations may be stored and / or transmitted over several forms of computer-readable media. In this regard, computer-readable media can be any available media that can be used by a computing device to store and access information. Some embodiments may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where operations are performed by one or more remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, software, program modules, and / or engines may be located on both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices. Memory, such as random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage devices, may be used to store information and instructions executed by the processor. The memory may also be used to store temporary variables or other intermediate information while instructions are executed by the processor.

  Although some embodiments may be illustrated and described as comprising functional components, software, engines, and / or modules that perform various operations, such components or modules may include one or more It can be appreciated that hardware components, software components, and / or combinations thereof may be implemented. Functional components, software, engines, and / or modules may be implemented, for example, by logic (eg, instructions, data, and / or code) executed by a logical device (eg, processor). Such logic may be stored internally or externally on a logical device on one or more types of computer readable storage media. In other embodiments, functional components such as software, engines, and / or modules include processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (eg, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.), integrated circuits, ASICs, PLDs, DSPs. , May be implemented by hardware elements, which may include FPGAs, logic gates, registers, semiconductor elements, chips, microchips, chipsets, and the like.

  Examples of software, engines, and / or modules include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, and methods. , Procedure, software interface, application program interface (API), instruction set, computing code, computer code, code segment, computer code segment, word, value, symbol, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware and / or software elements depends on the desired calculation rate, power level, heat resistance, processing cycle budget, input data rate, output data rate, memory It may vary according to any number of factors, such as resources, data bus speed, and other design or performance constraints.

  One or more of the modules described herein may include one or more embedded applications implemented as firmware, software, hardware, or any combination thereof. One or more of the modules described herein may include various executable modules such as software, programs, data, drivers, application APIs, and the like. The firmware may be stored in a controller that may include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as in the controller's memory and / or in a bitmasked ROM or flash memory. In various implementations, flash memory may be preserved by storing firmware in ROM. NVM is a battery-backed RAM such as, for example, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), EEPROM, or dynamic RAM (DRAM), double data rate DRAM (DDRAM), and / or synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). Other types of memory may be included, including

  In some examples, the various embodiments may be implemented as a product. A product may include a computer-readable storage medium configured to store logic, instructions, and / or data for performing various operations of one or more embodiments. In various embodiments, for example, a product may include a magnetic disk, optical disk, flash memory, or firmware that includes computer program instructions suitable for execution by a general purpose or application specific processor. However, embodiments are not limited to this context.

  The functions of the various functional elements, logic blocks, modules, and circuit elements described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be software, control modules, logic, and / or logic executed by a processing device. It may be implemented in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as modules. In general, software, control modules, logic, and / or logic modules include any software element configured to perform a particular operation. Software, control modules, logic, and / or logic modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Software, control modules, logic, and / or implementations of logic modules and techniques may be stored on and / or communicated through some form of computer readable media. In this regard, computer-readable media can be any available media that can be used by a computing device to store and access information. Some embodiments may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where operations are performed by one or more remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, software, control modules, logic, and / or logic modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

  In addition, the embodiments described herein are exemplary implementations, and functional elements, logic blocks, modules, and circuit elements may vary in various other ways consistent with the described embodiments. It should be understood that it may be implemented in a manner. Further, operations performed by such functional elements, logic blocks, modules, and circuit elements may be combined and / or separated for a given implementation, with more or fewer components or modules. It may be done. As will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure, each individual embodiment described and illustrated herein is one of several other aspects without departing from the scope of this disclosure. It has separate components and features that may be easily separated from or combined with those properties. Any of the described methods may be performed in the order of events described or in any other order that is logically possible.

  It should be noted that any reference to “an embodiment” or “an embodiment” includes that a particular property, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. means. Although the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in one aspect” appears herein, this does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

  Unless otherwise specified, terms such as “processing”, “computing”, “calculating”, “determining” are used to refer to registers and / or Manipulate data represented as physical quantities in memory (e.g., electronics) into other data that is also represented as physical quantities in memory, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices, and / or Or convert, general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or designed to perform the functions described herein A computer or computing system, or similar electronic computing, such as any combination thereof It may be understood as to refer to device operation and / or process.

  It should be noted that some embodiments may be described using the terms “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. These terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some embodiments use the terms “connected” and / or “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. May be described. However, the term “coupled” may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other but still cooperate or interact with each other. For example, with respect to software elements, the term “coupled” may refer to interfaces, message interfaces, APIs, exchange messages, and the like.

  Any patent, publication, or other disclosure document referred to herein by reference is incorporated in whole or in part by the existing definitions, views, or It should be understood that it is incorporated herein only to the extent that it does not conflict with other disclosed documents. As such, to the extent necessary, the disclosure explicitly described herein shall supersede any conflicting description incorporated herein by reference. Any reference or portion thereof that is referred to by reference herein but is inconsistent with the existing definitions, descriptions, or other disclosures set forth herein shall be considered as such. It shall be incorporated only to the extent that no contradiction arises with existing disclosure documents.

  The disclosed embodiments have applicability in conventional endoscopes and open surgical instruments, and applicability in robot-assisted surgery.

  The device embodiments disclosed herein can be designed to be discarded after a single use, or they can be designed to be used multiple times. Embodiments may be readjusted for reuse in any case after at least one use. Reconditioning may include any combination of device disassembly steps, followed by specific piece cleaning or replacement steps, and subsequent reassembly steps. In particular, device embodiments may be disassembled, and any number of the particular pieces or parts of the device may be selectively replaced or removed in any combination. Upon cleaning and / or replacement of particular parts, device embodiments may be reassembled for later use either at a reconditioning facility or by a surgical team immediately prior to a surgical procedure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that reconditioning of the device may utilize various techniques for disassembly, cleaning / replacement, and reassembly. The use of such techniques and the resulting reconditioned device are all within the scope of this application.

  Merely by way of example, the embodiments described herein may be processed before surgery. Initially, new or used instruments may be obtained and cleaned as needed. The instrument may then be sterilized. In one sterilization technique, the instrument is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK bag. The container and instrument may then be placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays, or high energy electron beams. Radiation can kill bacteria on the instrument and in the container. The sterilized instrument may then be stored in a sterile container. The sealed container can keep the instrument sterile until it is opened in the medical facility. The device may also be sterilized using any other technique known in the art, including but not limited to beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, or water vapor.

  The components (e.g., operations), devices, purposes, and accompanying discussions described herein are used as examples to clarify the concepts, and various configuration modifications are contemplated, Those skilled in the art will recognize. As a result, as used herein, the particular examples described and the discussion that accompanies them are intended to represent more general types. In general, use of a particular representative example is intended to be representative of that type, and not including a particular component (eg, operation), device, and purpose is considered a limitation. Should not.

  With respect to the use of almost all plural and / or singular terms herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural according to context and / or usage. Can be read as The various singular / plural permutations are not expressly set forth herein for sake of brevity.

  The subject matter described herein sometimes indicates various components that are included in or combined with various other components. It should be understood that the architecture so expressed is only an example, and indeed many other architectures that achieve the same functionality can be implemented. In the context of an idea, any arrangement of components that achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” so that the desired functionality is achieved. Thus, any two components combined to achieve a particular functionality are “associated” with each other to achieve the desired functionality, regardless of architecture or intermediate components. Can be considered. Similarly, any two components so associated may also be considered “operably connected” or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Any two components that can be so associated can also be considered “operably coupleable” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably coupleable include: physically engageable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly Examples include, but are not limited to, interacting components and / or components that interact logically and / or can interact logically.

  Some aspects may be described using the terms “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some aspects may be described using the term “connected” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. In another example, some aspects may be described using the term “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. . However, the term “coupled” may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other but still cooperate or interact with each other.

  In some cases, one or more components herein may be “configured to”, “configurable to”, “operable to / It may be referred to as “operating”, “adapted / adaptable”, “can be”, “adapted / adapted to”, and the like. “Configured to” generally includes active and / or inactive components and / or standby components, unless the context requires otherwise. One skilled in the art will recognize that this is possible.

  While particular aspects of the subject matter described in this specification have been illustrated and described, based on the teachings herein, without departing from the subject matter described herein and its broader aspects, Changes and modifications may be made, and thus the appended claims shall include within their scope all such changes and modifications as fall within the true scope of the subject matter described herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that In general, terms used herein, and particularly in the appended claims (eg, the body of the appended claims), are generally intended as “open” terms (eg, The term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to” and the term “having” is Should be interpreted as "having at least" and the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to" Will be understood by those skilled in the art. Further, if a specific number is intended in an introduced claim recitation, such intention is clearly stated in the claim, and if there is no such statement, such intention does not exist. Those skilled in the art will appreciate. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims claim the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” May be included to introduce. However, the use of such phrases is the introduction of “one or more” or “at least one” within the same claim when the claim statement is introduced by the indefinite article “a” or “an”. Any particular claim that includes such an introduced claim statement is limited to claims that contain only one such statement, even if both the phrase and the indefinite article "a" or "an" are included. (Eg, “a” and / or “an” generally means “at least one” or “one or more”). Should be interpreted). The same applies when introducing claim statements using definite articles.

  In addition, even if a particular number is explicitly stated in an introduced claim statement, such a statement should generally be construed to mean at least the stated number. Will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art (eg, where there are only two descriptions, without any other modifiers, generally there are at least two or two or more descriptions) Means matter). Further, when a notation similar to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, generally such syntax is intended in the sense that those skilled in the art will understand the notation (eg, “A system having at least one of A, B, and C” includes, but is not limited to, A only, B only, C only, both A and B, both A and C, B and C Both and / or systems with all of A, B, C, etc.). Where a notation similar to “at least one of A, B, C, etc.” is used, such syntax is generally intended in the sense that one of ordinary skill in the art would understand the notation (eg, “A , A system having at least one of B, or C "is not limited to A only, B only, C only, both A and B, both A and C, both B and C, And / or a system having all of A, B, C, etc.). Moreover, generally, any disjunctive words and / or phrases representing two or more optional terms may be used in the description, in the claims, or in the drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that it should be understood that it is intended to include one of the terms, any of the terms, or both. I will. For example, the phrase “A or B” will generally be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B”.

  With reference to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the operations recited herein may generally be performed in any order. Also, although various operational flows are presented in the form of sequences, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in an order other than that illustrated, or may be performed simultaneously. is there. Examples of such alternative ordering are overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preliminary, additional, simultaneous, reverse, or other different ordering, unless the context requires otherwise. May be included. In addition, terms such as “responding to”, “related to”, or other past tense adjectives generally exclude such variations unless the context requires otherwise. Not intended.

  In summary, a number of benefits that have resulted from using the concepts described herein have been described. The foregoing description of one or more embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit to the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. One or more embodiments are illustrative of the principles and practical applications so that those skilled in the art can utilize the various embodiments, along with various modifications, as appropriate for the particular application envisioned. To be selected and described. It is intended that the claims presented herewith define the overall scope.

Embodiment
(1) a surgical stapling system,
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, the end effector operably coupled to the elongate shaft, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface on the upper side and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, wherein the tissue thickness compensator is configured to be captured by the staple and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine a property of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge.
(2) The system of embodiment 1, wherein the first conductive element comprises one or more wire coils.
(3) one or two of which the anvil is operable to capacitively couple with the one or more wire coils to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector The system according to embodiment 2, further comprising the above eddy current sensor.
(4) one or two of which the staple cartridge is operable to capacitively couple with the one or more wire coils to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector; The system of embodiment 2, further comprising one or more eddy current sensors.
(5) The anvil includes one or more first eddy current sensors, the staple cartridge further includes one or more second eddy current sensors, and the first conductive An electrical element comprises one or more first wire coils and one or more second wire coils, wherein the first eddy current sensor is capacitively coupled to the first wire coil The system of claim 1, wherein the second eddy current sensor is capacitively coupled to the second wire coil.

(6) The system of embodiment 1, wherein the first conductive element comprises a wire mesh.
(7) The embodiment wherein the anvil further comprises a second conductive element operable to capacitively couple with the wire mesh to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. 6. The system according to 6.
(8) The staple cartridge further comprises a second conductive element operable to capacitively couple with the wire mesh to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. The system according to aspect 6.
The system of claim 6, wherein the penetration of the staples into the wire mesh indicates the position of the staples or the quality of the staple form.
(10) The first conductive element includes a first conductor array and a second opposing conductor array, and the first conductor array is separated from the second conductor array by an insulator. Embodiment 4. The system of embodiment 1.

(11) The first conductive element includes a first conductor set and a second conductor set, and the first conductor set is configured to apply a current pulse having a small predetermined frequency to the tissue. 2. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the second conductor set is configured to detect a response of the tissue to the current pulse.
(12) The first conductive element includes a conductive material embedded in the tissue compensator, and the anvil is electrically coupled to the first conductive element, and any region of the end effector 2. The system of embodiment 1, further comprising a second conductive element operable to indicate the amount of compressed tissue at.
(13) The first conductive element includes a conductive material embedded in the tissue compensator, and the staple cartridge is electrically coupled to the first conductive element, so that any of the end effectors The system of claim 1, further comprising a second conductive element operable to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in the region.
(14) a surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, the end effector operably coupled to the elongate shaft, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface on the upper side and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, wherein the tissue thickness compensator is configured to be captured by the staple and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to detect a position of the tissue compensator relative to the end effector.
(15) the anvil is operable to couple with the first conductive element to detect improper coupling between the first conductive element and the second conductive element; Embodiment 15. The system of embodiment 14, further comprising a second conductive element.

16. The system of embodiment 15, wherein the first conductive element is located at an edge position of the tissue compensator.
17. The system of embodiment 15, wherein the first conductive element is a wire mesh.
(18) The staple cartridge is operable to couple with the first conductive element to detect improper coupling between the first conductive element and the second conductive element. Embodiment 15. The system of embodiment 14, further comprising a second conductive element.
19. The system of embodiment 18, wherein the first conductive element is located at an edge position of the tissue compensator.
20. The system of embodiment 18, wherein the first conductive element is a wire mesh.

21. The system of embodiment 14, wherein the first conductive element comprises an electrical pattern that stores data, and wherein the system is operable to detect the electrical pattern.
(22) a surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface on the upper side and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A slot defined in the cartridge body;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A cutting member operable to be engaged with the actuating motion such that a cutting member can be moved from a proximal end of the slot to a distal end of the slot;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, wherein the tissue thickness compensator is configured to be captured by the staple and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine a position of the cutting member within the slot.
(23) The first conductive element comprises an array of segments arranged perpendicular to the slot, the segment having a first end on a first side of the slot; The segments are connected in parallel at their first ends so that the cutting member cuts the segment as the cutting member moves. Embodiment 23. The system of embodiment 22, wherein a change in electrical characteristics of the first conductive element indicates a position of the cutting member.
(24) The first conductive element comprises an array of segments perpendicular to the slot, the segment having a first end on a first side of the slot, and a second side of the slot A first parallel connection at their first end and a second parallel connection at their second end. And the cutting member is configured to cut the segment as the cutting member moves, and a change in electrical characteristics of the first conductive element indicates a position of the cutting member. Embodiment 23. The system according to embodiment 22.
(25) The first conductive element includes a wire mesh, and the cutting member is configured to cut the wire mesh as the cutting member advances along the slot. 23. The system of embodiment 22, wherein the change in electrical properties of the mesh when cut indicates the position of the cutting member.

Claims (8)

A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly , the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, wherein the tissue thickness compensator is configured to be captured by the staple and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system Ri operatively der to determine the characteristics of the compressed tissue between the anvil and the staple cartridge,
The first conductive element comprises one or more wire coils;
One or more vortices that are operable to couple the anvil capacitively with the one or more wire coils to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. The system further comprising a current sensor . A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the tissue thickness compensator configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine characteristics of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge;
The first conductive element comprises one or more wire coils;
One or more staple cartridges that are operable to capacitively couple with the one or more wire coils to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. The system further comprising an eddy current sensor. A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the tissue thickness compensator configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine characteristics of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge;
The anvil includes one or more first eddy current sensors, the staple cartridge further includes one or more second eddy current sensors, and the first conductive element includes One or more first wire coils and one or more second wire coils, wherein the first eddy current sensor is capacitively coupled to the first wire coil, and A system , wherein a second eddy current sensor is capacitively coupled to the second wire coil. A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the tissue thickness compensator configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine characteristics of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge;
The first conductive element comprises a wire mesh;
The system further comprising a second conductive element operable to couple the anvil capacitively with the wire mesh to indicate the amount of compressed tissue in any region of the end effector. A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the tissue thickness compensator configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine characteristics of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge;
The first conductive element comprises a wire mesh;
The system further comprising a second conductive element operable to capacitively couple with the wire mesh to indicate a compressed amount of tissue in any region of the end effector. A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the tissue thickness compensator configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine characteristics of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge;
The first conductive element includes a first conductor set and a second conductor set, and the first conductor set is configured to apply a current pulse having a small predetermined frequency to the tissue. the second set of conductors is configured to detect the response of the tissue to the current pulse, the system. A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the tissue thickness compensator configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine characteristics of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge;
The first conductive element includes a conductive material embedded in the tissue thickness compensator, and the anvil is electrically coupled to the first conductive element and compressed in any region of the end effector. The system further comprising a second conductive element operable to indicate the amount of tissue rendered. A surgical stapling system comprising:
An elongate shaft assembly configured to transmit an actuation motion from the actuator;
An end effector for compressing and stapling tissue, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the elongate shaft assembly, the end effector comprising:
An elongated channel;
An anvil having a staple forming surface and movable between an open position and a closed position relative to the elongated channel;
A staple cartridge removably positioned within the elongate channel, the staple cartridge comprising:
A cartridge body having a tissue contacting surface in a relationship facing the staple forming surface of the anvil;
A plurality of staple drivers in the cartridge body that respectively support staples;
A tissue thickness compensator operable to be positioned between the anvil and the staple cartridge, the tissue thickness compensator configured to be captured by the staples and to exhibit different compressed heights within different staples; A tissue thickness compensator comprising one conductive element,
The system is operable to determine characteristics of tissue compressed between the anvil and the staple cartridge;
The first conductive element includes a conductive material embedded in the tissue thickness compensator, and the staple cartridge is electrically coupled to the first conductive element to provide any region of the end effector. The system further comprising a second conductive element operable to indicate the amount of compressed tissue at.

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