JP6603399B2 - Internet of Things End-to-End Service Layer Service Quality Management - Google Patents

Description

(Citation of related application)
This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 200,752 (filed Aug. 4, 2015, entitled “Internet of Things End-to-End Service Layer Quality of Service Management”). The contents are hereby incorporated by reference.

(M2M / IoT SL)
The M2M / IoT Service Layer (SL) is a technology that specifically targets providing value-added services for M2M / IoT devices and applications. Recently, several industry standardization bodies (eg, oneM2M Functional Architecture-V-1.6.1 and ETSI TS 102 690 Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M) Functional architecture V2.0 / 13) have been developed. To address the challenges associated with integrating IoT devices and applications with deployments using the Internet / Web, cellular, enterprise, and home networks, M2M / IoT SL is being developed.

  A machine-to-machine / things Internet (M2M / IoT) service layer (SL) may provide access to a collection of M2M / IoT oriented capabilities. Some exemplary capabilities include security, billing, data management, device management, discovery, provisioning, and connectivity management. See oneM2M-TS-0001, oneM2M Functional Architecture-V-1.6.1 (incorporated by reference in its entirety). Capabilities can be made available to applications through an application programming interface (API) that utilizes message formats, resource structures, and resource representations supported by M2M / IoT SL.

  FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary protocol stack that may support a service layer. From a protocol stack perspective, the SL 101 may be located above the application protocol layer 102 and below the application layer 103 and may provide value-added services to supported applications. SL 101 may be classified as a “middleware” service.

(session)
A communication session typically involves a persistent two-way exchange of information between two or more communication entities (eg, devices, applications, etc.). A communication session is established at some point and released at a later point in time (eg, after the session times out or when one of the entities decides to terminate the session) based on various circumstances. . A communication session may involve the exchange of multiple messages between entities and may be stateful. Stateful is information about session history (eg, connectivity, registration, security, scheduling, and session participants) to allow at least one of the communication entities to maintain a communication session Data) may be stored. Communication sessions can be implemented at various layers within the network protocol stack as part of protocols and services. As an example, FIG. 2 illustrates a communication session established between the network node 104 and the network node 105. The communication sessions of the network nodes 104 and 105 described above include a transport protocol layer 110 (eg, TCP connection), a session protocol layer 109 (eg, TLS and DTLS sessions), a web transport protocol layer 108 (eg, HTTP and CoAP sessions). ), M2M / IoT SL 107 (eg, oneM2M session), and application specific session 106.

  A conventional application session is a communication session between two or more applications that is established and managed by the application itself, rather than by an underlying communication protocol or service layer. As a result, the application session can add extra overhead and complexity to the application. For example, a conventional application session may require an application to configure, establish, and manage the session itself. This may involve creating and managing session context such as certification information, identifiers, routing information, discovery information, location, transaction history, and data.

  An M2M / IoT SL session is a communication session facilitated by a value added session management service supported by the SL. These services can include capabilities such as mechanisms to establish SL sessions between SL endpoints and to collect and maintain SL sessions and context for those endpoints. An SL session can be established between two or more SL session endpoints, which can be applications or SL instances. However, at a minimum, at least one instance of the SL must participate in the session and act as a facilitator for the SL session (eg, provide the necessary SL session management functionality). An “SL instance” can be thought of as a single instantiation of a service layer (eg, a service layer hosted on a device). An “SL session” is a communication session between an SL and an application. The SL can support multiple simultaneous SL sessions.

  FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an M2M / IoT SL session. In the first example, at 112, an SL session is established between a single application and an SL instance. This is an example of a 0-hop SL session since it does not cross SL instances. The second example shows an SL session established at 113 between two SL instances. This is another example of a 0-hop SL session. The third example shows an SL session established between two applications spanning across the common SL instance 117 at 114, so this is an example of a 1-hop SL session. A fourth example shows an M2MSL session established between three applications spanning two SL instances (SL instance 116 and SL instance 117) at 115, and is an example of a 2-hop SL session.

  One advantage of M2M / IoT SL sessions is that they can be used to offload applications from the burden of having to establish and maintain their own application-based sessions. This is because SL sessions differ from application sessions in that a major part of the overhead burden associated with session establishment and maintenance is offloaded to the SL and the application is not liable for this. Some examples of overhead that can be offloaded to the SL can include creating and managing session context such as certification information, identifiers, routing information, discovery information, location, transaction history, and data.

  The SL session may be layered on top of one or more underlying transport or access network communication sessions (which may also be referred to herein as connections). Some examples include web transport protocol sessions (eg, HTTP sessions), session layer sessions (eg, transport layer sessions (TLS)), transport layer connections (eg, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)), lower layer access Network connections (e.g., 3GPP, broadband Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) may be included. This tiering allows SL sessions to support persistence for lower level sessions, which can be sustained and maintained independent of lower level session setup and release. For example, an SL session involves its underlying TCP or TLS session that is repeatedly set up and released, which is very typical during the course of normal network communication (eg, due to power saving methods and mobility). Can last.

  Establishment of an M2M / IoT SL session between session participants may be initiated as part of the SL registration process or as a separate process thereafter. Once established, the SL session can be used to collect and maintain SL context regarding session participants and the communications that occur between them. For example, session participant registration status and security credentials, subscription criteria and contact information for session participants, session participant data stored in SL resources, history of transactions performed by session participants, etc. An SL session context may be collected and maintained for each session. Termination of the SL session between session participants may be initiated as part of the SL deregistration process or as a separate process that occurs before deregistration occurs.

  It is worth noting that SL session establishment and the accumulation of SL session context during the lifetime of a particular SL session can involve significant amounts of time and effort on behalf of session participants. Hence, the persistent nature of the SL session is one of its major value added differentiators compared to lower layer transport and access network sessions that lack this persistence. A persistent SL session can be used to maintain the SL session context on behalf of the application so that it does not have to maintain this information itself. In addition, if the lower layer session is released and the SL session context can persist, this context will still be available to the application if the lower layer connection is re-established. Thus, this context can be maintained independent of non-persistent underlying transport sessions or access network connections. Some examples of SL session contexts may include data regarding SL registration, subscriptions, certification information, identifiers, billing records, routing information, discovery information, location, transaction history, and applications.

(OneM2M SL architecture)
The oneM2M Functional Architecture under development defines a service layer called Common Service Entity (CSE) as illustrated in FIG. The Mca reference point interfaces with the application entity (AE). An Mcc reference point interfaces with another CSE in one service provider domain, and an Mcc ′ reference point interfaces with another CSE in a different service provider domain. The Mcn reference point interfaces with the underlying network service entity (NSE). The NSE provides underlying network services such as device management, location services, and device triggers to the CSE. The CSE includes multiple logical functions called “Common Service Functions (CSFs)” such as “Discovery” or “Data Management and Repository”. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary CSF for oneM2M.

  The oneM2M architecture enables an application service node (ASN), an application dedicated node (ADN), an intermediate node (MN), and an infrastructure node (IN). An ASN is a node that contains one CSE and at least one AE. An example of a physical mapping is an ASN that resides in an M2M device. An ADN is a node that includes at least one AE and does not include a CSE. An example of a physical mapping is an ADN that resides in a constrained M2M device. The MN is a node including one CSE and including zero or more AEs. An example of a physical mapping for a MN is a MN that resides within an M2M gateway. IN is a node including one CSE and zero or more AEs. An example of a physical mapping for an IN is an IN that resides within the M2M service infrastructure. There may also be non-oneM2M nodes that are nodes that do not contain a oneM2M entity (either AE or CSE). Such a node represents a device attached to the oneM2M system for interworking purposes including management. A possible configuration for interconnecting the various entities supported within the oneM2M system is illustrated in FIG.

oneM2M in TS-0001, oneM2M Functional Architecture, Version 1.1.0 (August 2014) defines a service layer session management service (eg, SSM CSF119) as shown in FIG. oneM2M also defines SL sessions as end-to-end SL connections managed by SSM CSF. oneM2M also defines some requirements for SSM CSF, but has not yet defined an architecture or design that meets these requirements. For example, oneM2M states that the session management service supports the following features:
1) The SSM CSF shall support requests to establish SL sessions between AEs, between AEs and CSEs, or between CSEs.
2) SSM CSF shall support SL sessions spanning multiple passing CSE hops.
3) Before a request to establish an SL session is granted, the SSM CSF shall first authenticate the requester using pre-established credentials.
4) SSM CSF shall support end-to-end authentication using SEC CSF. Once authenticated, the SSM CSF shall establish an M2M SL between the requester and the target session endpoint.
5) The SSM CSF shall return the session ID to the requester.
6) The SSM CSF shall also maintain additional session information for session management such as session policy, session routing information, session descriptors.
7) The SSM CSF shall support requests to terminate SL sessions between AEs, between AEs and CSEs, or between CSEs.
8) SSM CSF shall support layering of SL sessions on top of lower layer network (UN) connections, and SSM CSF shall support SL session persistence for lower layer network connections.
9) The SSM CSF shall maintain an active SL session independent of the state of the underlying network connection and shall be robust to network connections that are dynamically released and re-established.
10) The SSM CSF shall support providing input to other CSFs and / or underlying networks as to whether the network connection should be released / re-established based on SL session activity or state.

  oneM2M needs to define SSM CSF functionality to support the requirements defined above. In general, the proposed implementation submitted as a contribution to oneM2M focuses on defining SSM resource definitions and procedures to support requirements 1-7 above. FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary resource structure for oneM2M SL session management. The <session> resource includes attributes and sub-resources for managing individual SL sessions.

oneM2M defines a schedule child resource type, which can be used to store scheduling information for a limited set of parent resource types including CSEBase, remoteCSE, subscription, or cmdNwAccessRules. As a result, oneM2M supports the following types of scheduling:
1) A CSE can define its reachability schedule by supporting a schedule child resource under its CSEBase or remote CSE parent resource. By doing so, the CSE can declare the time it is available to send or receive SL requests.
2) Subscribers (eg, applications) of CSE resources can define a notification schedule that controls the time when the CSE sends notifications to it. The subscriber can do this by creating a schedule child resource under the subscription resource.
3) The CSE can support an access network schedule that defines when the CSE is accessible to a particular lower layer access network. This is done by creating a <schedule> child resource under the <cmdhNwAccessRules> resource.

  The oneM2M schedule resource supports the scheduleEntry attribute. This attribute defines a schedule formatted using a string consisting of six comma-separated fields, as shown in Table 1. Each field has an asterisk “*” (indicating that it matches any value), a number (indicating that it matches a specific value), or two numbers separated by a hyphen “-” ( It can be any one of a range of values).

  For example, a scheduleEntry having a string value of “0-30, 30, 12, 1, *, *” has a second “0-30”, a minute “30”, a time “12”, a day “1”, a month “ * ", And a schedule having values of day of week" * ". For example, if this scheduleEntry is used for a subscription schedule, this means that the CSE will send the corresponding notification to the subscriber only on the first day of every month over the 30 second time frame starting at 12:30 Will bring results. During all other times, the CSE will buffer the notification and wait for the start of the next subscription schedule window.

(3GPP service capability exposure function (SCEF))
FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary 3GPP service capability exposure function (SCEF) based system architecture. 3GPP has recently defined a framework for better exposing lower layer 3GPP network capabilities to application / service providers. See 3GPP TS 23.682, Architecture Enhancements to Facility Communications with Packet Data Networks and Applications, V13.0.0, incorporated herein. To achieve this, 3GPP defines SCEF. The SCEF function provides a means for securely exposing services and capabilities provided by 3GPP networks. SCEF provides a means for discovery of exposed service capabilities. SCEF provides access to network capabilities through homogeneous network application programming interfaces (eg, network APIs) defined by OMA, GSMA, and possibly other standards bodies. SCEF abstracts services from lower layer 3GPP network interfaces and protocols.

  Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus that allow an application to perform end-to-end communication with a target M2M / IoT device in a manner that meets its E2E QoS requirements. For example, an application can communicate with a target device based on an application-defined schedule, latency, jitter, error rate, throughput, level of security, and cost requirements.

  Specifically, this disclosure defines: First, the M2M / IoT SL communication session in which the application has application-defined QoS preferences and targets one or more SL addressable targets (eg, M2M / IoT applications, devices, or gateway SL addressable resources). A system for M2M / IoT E2E SL QoS management that supports methods / procedures that allow to establish, use, and release.

  Second, it allows M2M / IoT SL to interact with the underlying network and configure, select, and / or influence the underlying network QoS level based on application specific E2E QoS preferences E2E SL session based method / procedure for A lower layer transport network (interconnecting two service layer nodes with each other) may be configured by the service layer with quality of service requirements defined by the application.

  Third, share UN QoS and connectivity related information with M2M / IoT SL so that the UN can make decisions based on information about the UN to use for different E2E SL sessions. Methods / procedures that allow.

  Fourth, an E2E SL session-based method for enabling an M2M / IoT SL instance to coordinate E2E QoS for multi-hop communication paths that span multiple underlying network technologies and / or operators /procedure. If these methods involve adjustment of the E2E reachability schedule for multiple SL instances and applications, budgeting of latency and jitter across multiple underlying network hops, as well as minimum throughput, target cost, and required Ensuring a security level is also achieved.

  Fifth, to enable E2E matching of UN QoS parameters such as connectivity schedule, throughput, latency, jitter, cost, security level, and error rate between SL entities required to communicate with each other, SL Definition of E2E SL session QoS information that can be exchanged between instances, applications, and UNs.

  Sixth, system level oneM2M and 3GPP examples of the proposed M2M / IoT E2E SL QoS management system.

Seventh, examples of API levels for the proposed SLCM, ACM, and UNCM functions.
The present invention further provides, for example:
(Item 1)
An apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
A processor;
A memory coupled to the processor;
With
The memory comprises executable instructions that are executed by a processor;
Determining end-to-end quality of service requirements for the application;
Forwarding a request for an end-to-end service layer session to be established, the request comprising a determined end-to-end quality of service requirement for the application;
Receiving a message confirming establishment of the end-to-end service layer session with a remote device;
Communicating using the end-to-end service layer session in response to receiving a message confirming the establishment of an end-to-end service layer session with the remote device;
An apparatus for causing the processor to achieve an operation including:
(Item 2)
The apparatus of item 1, wherein the message comprises a service layer identification for the established end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 3)
The apparatus according to item 1, wherein the application provides the service quality requirement to a service layer constituting a lower layer network, and the lower layer network connects the apparatus and another service layer device.
(Item 4)
The application provides the service quality requirement to the service layer through the request, the service layer constitutes a lower layer network, and the lower layer network connects the device and another service layer device. The apparatus according to 1.
(Item 5)
The apparatus of item 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum throughput threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 6)
The apparatus of item 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum reachability schedule for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 7)
The apparatus of item 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum error rate threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 8)
The apparatus of item 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum security level threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 9)
A system, the system comprising:
Display,
A device communicably connected to the display;
With
The device is
A processor;
A memory coupled to the processor;
With
The memory comprises executable instructions that are executed by the processor;
Determining end-to-end quality of service requirements for the application;
Sending a request for an end-to-end service layer session to be established, the request comprising a determined end-to-end quality of service requirement for the application;
Receiving a message confirming establishment of the end-to-end service layer session with a remote device;
Communicating using the end-to-end service layer session in response to receiving a message confirming the establishment of an end-to-end service layer session with the remote device;
Publishing the status of the end-to-end service layer session to the display;
A system for causing the processor to perform an operation including:
(Item 10)
10. The system of item 9, wherein the message comprises a service layer identification for the established end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 11)
10. The system of item 9, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum latency threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 12)
10. The system of item 9, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum jitter threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 13)
10. The system of item 9, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum throughput threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 14)
10. The system of item 9, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum reachability schedule for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 15)
10. The system of item 9, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum error rate threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 16)
10. The system of item 9, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum security level threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 17)
A method, the method comprising:
Determining end-to-end quality of service requirements for local device applications;
Sending a request for an end-to-end service layer session to be established, the request comprising a determined end-to-end quality of service requirement for the application;
Receiving a message confirming establishment of the end-to-end service layer session between the local device and a remote device;
Communicating using the end-to-end service layer session in response to receiving a message confirming the establishment of an end-to-end service layer session with the remote device;
Including a method.
(Item 18)
18. The method of item 17, wherein the message comprises a service layer identification for the established end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 19)
18. The method of item 17, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum latency threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.
(Item 20)
18. The method of item 17, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum jitter threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.

A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary protocol stack that supports a service layer. FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary communication session. FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary IoT SL session. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary oneM2M architecture. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary oneM2M common service function. FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary configuration supported by the oneM2M architecture. FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary resource structure for oneM2M SL session management. FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary 3GPP SCEF based system architecture. FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary end-to-end IoT device communication use case. FIG. 10 illustrates exemplary end-to-end communication with different access networks. FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary IoT system for managing QoS for E2E communications. FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary IoT E2E QoS management procedure. FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary E2E SL session QoS. FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary method for managing UN QoS during E2E SL session establishment. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary method for managing UN connections while sending E2E SL session messages. FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary method for managing UN QoS while receiving an E2E SL session message. FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary method for managing E2E SL session release. FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary oneM2M / 3GPP E2E SL QoS management system. FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary E2E SL session QoS requirement <session> attribute. FIG. 20 illustrates exemplary E2E SL session QoS requirement <sessionPolicy> attributes. FIG. 21 illustrates exemplary <UN> resources and attributes. FIG. 22 illustrates exemplary E2E SL session QoS requirement <pointOfAccess> attributes. FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary <pointOfAccess> child resource for the <AE> resource. FIG. 24 illustrates an exemplary <pointOfAccess> child resource for the <AE> resource. FIG. 25 illustrates exemplary <UNCM> resources and attributes. FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary <UNCMSsession> resource. FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary IoT service layer OpenFlow. FIG. 28 illustrates an exemplary E2E QoS graphical user interface. FIG. 29 illustrates an exemplary display generated using SL QoS associated components. FIG. 30A is a system diagram of an exemplary machine to machine (M2M) or Internet of Things (IoT) communication system in which IoT E2E service layer QoS management matters may be implemented. FIG. 30B is a system diagram of an example architecture that may be used within the M2M / IoT communication system illustrated in FIG. 30A. FIG. 30C is a system diagram of an example M2M / IoT terminal or gateway device that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 30A. FIG. 30D is a block diagram of an exemplary computing system in which aspects of the communication system of FIG. 30A may be implemented.

  Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus that support end-to-end (E2E) quality of service (QoS) through the use of service layer (SL) sessions.

  FIG. 9 illustrates a use case where an application may request E2E communication with a specific M2M / IoT device application across a wide area network. There may be a sensor 121 that is communicatively connected to the patient monitoring application 124 via the first underlying network 122 and the second underlying network 124. Depending on the type of application and the type of device, this communication may have specific E2E QoS requirements. Examples are provided below. In a first exemplary scenario, a doctor contracts with a home patient monitoring service and remotely monitors one of the patients. The service utilizes a patient monitoring application 125 that establishes an end-to-end communication session with a sensor 121 (eg, a wearable medical sensor) located on the patient's body. In order to properly monitor the patient's condition, the physician will have a service in order to properly assess whether the patient is taking the drug (eg, insulin) and whether it has the desired effect. A measurement value (for example, a patient's blood glucose level) is requested to be obtained from the sensor 121 every hour. If an abnormal measurement is detected, the service may notify the physician or family as appropriate.

  With continued reference to FIG. 9, in a second exemplary scenario, similar to the first exemplary scenario, a home patient monitoring service may be used to remotely monitor the second patient. In order to properly monitor the condition of this second patient, the physician may generate a service from the patient sensor 121 when a critical event is detected (eg, the patient's pulseOx reaches a critical threshold). It may be required to monitor alerts. For this particular patient, the physician will have an end-to-end latency from sensor 121 to monitoring application 125 of less than 5 seconds for any alert, and the service will take appropriate action. Require services to ensure that they can. Appropriate measures can include notifying a physician or emergency medical service.

  Continuing to refer to FIG. 9, in the third exemplary scenario, similar to the first exemplary scenario, the same home patient monitoring service is used by the physician to remotely monitor the third patient. The In order to properly monitor the condition of this particular patient, the physician requires the service to monitor the patient via video surveillance to detect and track the patient's physical activity. For the third patient, the physician may require the service to ensure that monitoring requiring a minimum sustained end-to-end throughput of 5 Mbps is performed using a live video feed.

An M2M / IoT (also referred to synonymously as M2M or IoT) deployment that directs communication between an application that can be a back-end application and a device deployed in the field (eg, sensor 121) is best implemented Sometimes not. The sensors 121 may be resource constrained and may not be able to effectively support their own wide area network connectivity. The sensor 121 may not be able to support maintaining a persistent and active network connection that may strain resource limits (eg, battery). For these reasons, many M2M / IoT devices allow a device to have wide area network connectivity and data so that data can be accessed during periods when the device loses connectivity to the network. Rely on M2M / IoT gateways and servers for value-added services such as providing data storage services. As a result, this E2E communication may traverse multiple lower layer access network technologies (eg, 3GPP, Broadband Ethernet, Wi-Fi, etc.) that may be owned by different network providers (eg, Sprint, Verizon, etc.). . Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus that support end-to-end (E2E) quality of service (QoS) through the use of service layer (SL) sessions. In the first release of the oneM2M specification, the following QoS-centric requirements were defined, however, no corresponding solution has yet been defined in the oneM2M architecture or protocol specification.
The oneM2M system shall support the inclusion of QoS preferences for M2M applications in service requests to the underlying network.
The oneM2M system shall be able to authorize service requests with QoS preferences at the service level, but for lower level networks to allow QoS preferences of M2M applications in service requests for authorization and authorization or negotiation of service QoS requests. Shall be passed to
The oneM2M system shall be able to support different QoS-levels that define parameters such as guaranteed bit rate, delay, delay variation, loss ratio, and error rate.
• The oneM2M system shall receive and be available to the information provided by the underlying network about when the M2M device can be reached.
If available from the lower layer network, the oneM2M system shall maintain the M2M service operational status of the M2M device and update it if the lower layer network connectivity service status changes.

  The QoS protocol and IoT SL technology have the following possible drawbacks with respect to support for use cases such as those discussed with respect to FIG. 9 in light of the QoS centric requirements of the oneM2M specification. The first possible drawback is that QoS protocols such as differentiated services (DiffServ) and integrated services (IntServ) are not suitable to support E2E QoS management within many IoT network deployments. . Both DiffServ and IntServ require the network router to maintain a state for each communication flow. This state requires that resources that are not normally possessed by many IoT routers (eg, memory, MIPS, etc.) are available. Both DiffServ and IntServ require periodic communication between routers in order to share and maintain QoS related control information. This extra messaging overhead is not suitable for many IoT networks. Many IoT networks involve E2E communication paths that are operated across different types of lower layer access networks (eg, 3GPP, Broadband Ethernet, Wi-Fi, 6LoWPAN, etc.) and by different network providers. . For the reasons described herein, some of the networks are not well equipped to support DiffServ and IntServ. DiffServ and IntServ deployments can often be different for each operator's network (eg, different router policies, different levels of support for DiffServ and IntServ protocols and features). Thus, DiffServ and IntServ are typically used only within individual operator networks, not across operator networks. Finally, the DiffServ and IntServ protocols do not support features such as reachability scheduling that are important in many IoT networks because the device does not maintain persistent network connectivity.

  A second possible drawback is that applications can meet E2E QoS requirements (eg, schedule, latency, jitter, error rate, throughput, security level, and cost) that traditional IoT SL technology meets the needs of application use cases. It lacks a method that allows it to be defined.

  A third possible drawback is that conventional IoT SL technology is either a different technology type (eg 3GPP and Broadband Ethernet) or owned and operated by different network operators (eg Sprint and Verizon). There is also a potential lack of a way to properly manage E2E communications spanning multiple underlying networks.

  With reference to the aforementioned shortcomings, FIG. 10 illustrates a typical IoT network consisting of E2E communication paths that span multiple underlying access network technology hops that interconnect devices with back-end applications. For example, E2E communication between the application 131 and the device 132 involves communication across three different access network technology hops such as cellular 141, broadband Ethernet 142, and Wi-Fi 143. Similar examples are also shown for communication across multiple networks for E2E communication, such as communication between application 134 and device 135, and communication between application 137 and device 138.

  The following are examples of possible problems associated with network deployment, such as the deployment captured in FIG. In a first example, conventional IoT SL technology allows the reachability schedules of SL instances and their underlying networks (UNs) to allow the E2E reachability schedule defined by the application to be met. By adjusting their connectivity schedules, they lack the ability to be aligned with each other in either a hop-by-hop or E2E manner. As a result, reachability schedule mismatch between SL instances may occur. When this occurs, actions such as “storing and forwarding” the message, at the SL instance (for example, on the IoT gateway and server) on each hop, while waiting for the next hop in the communication path to be reachable Can occur. In principle, “store and forward” delays are only a problem if they prevent applications from communicating with IoT devices in an E2E manner according to their required reachability schedule.

  In a second example, conventional IoT SL technologies lack the ability to manage and adjust the communication latency of the UNs they use for hop-by-hop interconnections. In addition, they lack the ability to match their hop-by-hop latency so that the E2E latency budget defined by the application can be met. As a result, E2E latency management is a capability not supported by current IoT SL technology. This prevents the application from communicating with the IoT device in an E2E manner according to the required latency budget.

  In a third example, conventional IoT SL technologies lack the ability to manage and adjust the communication throughput of the UNs they use for each other's hop-by-hop interconnections. In addition, they also lack the ability to match their hop-by-hop throughput so that the E2E throughput defined by the application can be met. As a result, management of E2E throughput is a capability not supported by current M2M / IoTSL technology. This prevents the application from communicating with the M2M / IoT device in an E2E manner according to the required throughput.

  In a fourth example, conventional IoT SL technology is capable of managing E2E variations in delay (eg, jitter) between SL messages so that an E2E jitter budget defined by the application can be satisfied, As a result, it lacks the ability to match their per-hop jitter. As a result, management of E2E jitter is a capability that is not supported by current IoT SL technology. This prevents applications from communicating with M2M / IoT devices in an E2E manner according to the required jitter budget.

  In a fifth example, conventional IoT SL technology lacks the ability to manage E2E messaging error rates. In addition, the ability to manage their hop-by-hop messaging error rates is also lacking so that the application defined E2E error rates can be met. As a result, E2E messaging error rate management is a capability not supported by current M2M / IoT SL technology. This prevents the application from communicating with the M2M / IoT device in the E2E manner required according to the messaging error rate.

  The problem described above is when the E2E communication path between the application and the M2M / IoT device spans multiple SL hops with different types of UNs, as well as these UNs are owned / operated by different network operators Sometimes it is more likely and complicated. This is due to the fact that management of QoS in E2E fashion across different UNs requires coordination across different network technologies that can be difficult to manage. Similarly, management of QoS in E2E fashion across different operator networks also requires coordination across these operators. As the number of SL hops, UNs, or different operators increases, the potential for problems increases.

  FIG. 11 illustrates an example system 150 that supports a mechanism for managing QoS in an end-to-end manner. System 150 may be used to support use cases, such as use cases that require application 156 to specify on-demand E2E QoS requirements. On-demand E2E QoS requirements may include, among other things, a communication reachability schedule, E2E latency, E2E throughput, E2E jitter, E2E error rate, E2E security level, or E2E cost. System 150 may be an IoT server (eg, IoT server 152) interconnected with each other via various combinations of local area and wide area UNs (eg, 3GPP 161, Broadband Ethernet 162, Wi-Fi 163, or 6LoWPAN 164). And an IoT gateway (eg, IoT gateway 151) and a device (eg, IoT field device 153 or IoT device 154). Hosted on the server and gateway is an instance of IoT SL (eg, IoT SL166 or IoT SL165). Hosted on devices in the field as well as devices in the backend are IoT applications that communicate with each other (eg, IoT device application 155 and IoT application 156). For example, E2E communication between a patient's IoT sensor or actuator and a back-end patient monitoring application.

  With continued reference to FIG. 11, the system 150 includes a service layer connection manager (SLCM) function (eg, SLCM 157 or SLCM 158), an application connection manager (ACM) function (eg, ACM 159 or ACM 160), and a lower layer network connection manager. (UNCM) function (for example, UNCM167, UNCM168, or UNCM169). Together, SLCM, ACM, and UNCM functions interact with each other to more intelligently manage and configure end-to-end UN QoS and connectivity of IoT devices, gateways, servers, and applications in support of E2E QoS. obtain. Alternatively, the system may support only some of these functions. For example, the system may support only SLCM and UNCM functions, not ACM functions.

  The SLCM functionality can be embedded in an IoT SL such as oneM2M SL hosted on an IoT gateway or server platform. In another example, UNCM functions may be supported as functions within various types of lower layer access network technologies such as 3GPP, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or Broadband Ethernet.

  The SLCM 157 may allow the IoT device application 155 to define E2E SL session QoS requirements for the IoT SL 152, for example. This may include an application that defines the required reachability schedule for one or more target endpoints (eg, the application is reachable for the target M2M / IoT device to service its SL request) When requesting to be). It can also include an application that defines its required E2E latency budget (eg, the overall round trip latency for SL requests and responses to proceed between the application and the target M2M / IoT device). It can also include an application that defines its E2E jitter budget (eg, acceptable variation in delay between successive SL messages that travel between the application and the target M2M / IoT device). It may also include an application that defines its E2E error rate (eg, acceptable error rate when communicating E2E between the application and the target M2M / IoT device). The SLCM 157 may also include an application that defines its required E2E throughput (eg, throughput between the application and the target M2M / IoT device).

  Using this information, SLCM 157 analyzes the collective SL registrant (eg, application) QoS requirements set so that the E2E QoS requirements for all its registrants are met, and the May support on-the-fly configuration of SL instances. To do this, SLCM 157 adjusts reachability schedule, communication latency, communication jitter, error rate, communication throughput, security level, and cost for each of the SL hops in the communication path of the E2E SL session. Can be done on the fly. Exemplary E2E SL session 147 may be based on communications enabled via SLCM 157 and UNCM 167. To accomplish this, SLCM 157 may work with UNCM functions hosted in one or more of the UNs that interconnect that SL instance with other SL instances. This cooperation may include the SLCM 157 providing SL-centric context information to the UNCM 167, which may allow the UNCM 167 to manage connections associated with its corresponding underlying access network. The context can be an application (eg, IoT device application 155) or SL (eg, IoT SL166) defined reachability schedule, an application or SL specified maximum communication latency (single hop and / or end-to-end), an application or SL It may include prescribed throughput (single hop and / or end-to-end), application or SL prescribed jitter, application or SL prescribed error rate, level of security, and cost.

  The ACM 160 may be used by the IoT device application 155, for example, to determine the E2E SL session QoS requirements of the IoT device application 155. IoT device application 155 may then communicate these requirements to SLCM 157 hosted by its local IoT SL166. The ACM 160 may do this when setting up an E2E SL session. These requirements include: IoT device application 155 specific reachability schedule for one or more target endpoints, required E2E latency budget, and required E2E throughput, IoT device application 155 defined jitter, Cost level, security level, and IoT device application 155 specified error rate may be included. ACM 160 may also communicate with UNCM 167 hosted by Broadband Ethernet 167 (underlayer network) to share similar requirements.

  UNCM 167, for example, has its UN QoS requirements such as connectivity schedule, latency, jitter, error rate, throughput, level of security, and cost to the corresponding UN (eg, Broadband Ethernet 162). May support functionality that allows to specify This information can then be used to configure the UN configuration so that, for example, the SL message associated with the specified SL instance or SL session can be processed by Broadband Ethernet 162 in a manner that meets the requirements defined by the SL. It can be used by Broadband Ethernet 162 to adjust.

  UNCM 167 can also be used by Broadband Ethernet 162 to communicate UN-centric information backups to SL instances (eg, IoT SL 166). For example, UNCM 167 may provide information about a particular SL session (eg, SL session 147) to SLCM 157. Sharing this information with SLCM 157 may allow UNCM 167 to more intelligently manage the reachability schedule of applications and SLs and end-to-end communications. This information may include network congestion or changes in UN connectivity for peer SL instances or applications. For example, the SLCM 157 may change from one UN (eg, Broadband Ethernet 162) to another UN (eg, Broadband Ethernet 162) for the SL session 147 based on the congestion information of the Broadband Ethernet 167 provided to it by the UNCM 167. For example, a decision to switch to 3GPP 161) may be made.

  In particular, an entity that performs the steps illustrated in FIGS. 12-17 is stored in a memory of a device, server, or computing system such as that illustrated in FIG. 30C or FIG. 30D and executes on that processor. It should be understood that it is a logical entity that can be implemented in the form of software (eg, computer-executable instructions). That is, among other things, the methods illustrated in FIGS. 12-17 may include software (eg, computer-executable instructions) stored in the memory of a computing device such as the device or computing system illustrated in FIG. 30C or FIG. 30D. The computer-executable instructions, when executed by the processor of the computing device, perform the steps illustrated in FIGS. 12-17, among other things herein. In the example, the IoT device application 155 of FIG. 11 may reside on the M2M terminal device 18 of FIG. 30A, while the SLCM 157 and SLCM 158 of FIG. May reside on one M2M gateway device 14.

  FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary message flow for SLCM and UNCM functions that can be used to manage UN QoS between IoT devices, gateways, and servers in a coordinated E2E manner. In step 170, there are pre-requisite actions. For example, UN connectivity is established between each device, gateway, and server. Appropriate SL security procedures such as establishment of authentication information and authentication between entities for each individual hop (not E2E) are performed. SL registration takes place between SL instances as well as between the application and its local SL. Discovery of devices, resources, and services is performed by the application. In step 171, application 156 determines that it wants to communicate with one or more device applications. Based on the use case requirements, application 156 determines E2E QoS requirements between itself and the target device application (eg, IoT device application 155). For example, among other things, E2E communication schedule (eg, time of day), E2E communication latency (eg, round trip latency should not exceed a defined threshold), E2E jitter (eg, variation in delay between sensor readings, Defined threshold), E2E error rate (eg, the rate of E2E errors in sensor reading messages should not exceed the defined threshold), or E2E throughput (eg, sensor readings / second) .

  Continuing to refer to FIG. 12, in step 172, the application 156 sends a request to establish an E2E SL session between itself and the IoT device application 155 to the IoT SL 165 (which can be hosted on the IoT server 151). Send to. The request in step 172 includes the E2E QoS requirements that application 156 defined in step 171. In step 173, the SLCM 158 checks whether the UN requires configuration to meet the QoS requirements specified for the E2E SL session. The SLCM 158 assigns an E2E SL session ID and further determines the next SL hop. The SLCM 158 associated with the IoT SL 165 hosted on the IoT server 151 is reachable, among other things, in its current configuration and its UN (eg 3GPP 161, Wi-Fi 163, or Broadband Ethernet 162) configuration. Determine whether E2E SL session definition QoS requirements defined for performance schedule, latency, jitter, error rate, throughput, level of security, or cost can be met. SLCM 158 also derives a unique SL session ID. In step 174a and step 174b, SLCM 158 cooperates with UNCM 168 or UNCM 167 at each of the UNs that may connect SLCM 158 to its next hop E2E SL session partner, 3GPP 161 or Broadband Ethernet 162 (or others). UN) can be reconfigured (or already configured) to meet the QoS requirements of the E2E SL session required in step 172.

  Continuing to refer to FIG. 12, in steps 175a and 175b, 3GPP 161 UNCM 168 and Broadband Ethernet 162 UNCM 167, among other things, schedule, latency, jitter, error rate, throughput, level of security, or Coordinate with other UN functions that are responsible for controlling cost management. By doing so, each UNCM determines whether the UN can process messages associated with the E2E SL session using the defined QoS settings defined by the E2E SL session. In step 176, the SL instance hosted on the IoT server 151 (IoT SL 165) selects a UN (eg, Broadband Ethernet 162) that can meet the session requirements, and sends an E2E SL session establishment request to the IoT gateway 152. Forward to next SL hop, which is the SL instance hosted above (IoT SL 166). The SL session ID is included in this request in step 176.

  Continuing to refer to FIG. 12, in step 177, the SLCM 157 checks whether the UN requires configuration to meet the QoS requirements specified for the E2E SL session. SLCM 157 also determines the next SL hop. The SLCM 157 associated with the IoT SL 166 hosted on the IoT gateway 152 determines whether its current configuration and the configuration of the gateway device UN can meet E2E SL session QoS requirements. In this example, the requirements can be met. Similar to step 174a and step 174b, in step 178a or step 178b, SLCM 157 cooperates with UNCM 149 of 6LoWPAN 164 which may connect SLCM 157 to its next hop E2E SL session partner, and 6LoWPAN 164 is requested in step 172. It may be determined whether it can be reconfigured (or configured) to meet the QoS requirements of the SL session. Similar to step 175a or step 174, in step 179a or step 179b, UNCM 168 of 3GPP 161 and UNCM 167 of Broadband Ethernet 162, among others, schedule, latency, jitter, error rate, throughput, security level, or Coordinate with other UN functions that are responsible for controlling cost management. By doing so, each UNCM determines whether the UN can process messages associated with the E2E SL session using the defined QoS settings defined by the E2E SL session. In step 180, the IoT SL 166 hosted on the IoT gateway 152 selects a 6LoWPAN 164 that may meet the session requirements and forwards the E2E SL session establishment request to the target E2E SL session endpoint (eg, IoT device application 155). Forward to the next SL hop. The request at step 180 may include an E2E SL session ID. Alternatively, the SL instance hosted on the IoT gateway 152 may proxy on behalf of the IoT device application and handle servicing this request on behalf of the IoT device application 155.

  With continued reference to FIG. 12, in step 181, the IoT device application 155 receives and processes the E2E SL session establishment request. The IoT device application 155 agrees to participate in the E2E SL session with the request originator (eg, the IoT application 156), and the IoT device application 155 then responds by approving the request. Otherwise, it returns an error that denies the request. The response includes the SL session ID specified in the corresponding request. The IoT application 155 receives a response indicating that the IoT device application 155 has approved the E2E SL session establishment request. In step 182, the IoT application 156 then generates an E2E SL session request to communicate with the IoT device application 155. When generating the request of step 182, the IoT application 156 may include an E2E session ID. This E2E session ID may be used by UN and SL instances in the E2E communication path to properly handle the request so that the E2E QoS settings configured during E2E SL session establishment are satisfied. For example, the UN detects an E2E SL session ID marker in the message (eg, using deep packet inspection techniques) and uses this SL session ID based on the E2E SL session QoS requirements that it maintains. Process the message. In step 183, the IoT device application 155 receives the request of step 182 and then generates an E2E SL session response that is returned to the IoT application 156. When creating the response of step 183, the IoT device application may include an E2E session ID. This E2E session ID is used by UN and SL instances in the E2E communication path to properly handle the response so that the E2E QoS settings configured for the session are met during the E2E SL session establishment.

  Table 2 discloses several exemplary types of SL-centric information elements (eg, included within an SL session establishment request) that may be provided to assist in the processing of E2E SL sessions. Each E2E SL session may have both SL QoS information as well as UN QoS related information associated with it. This information can be used to manage end-to-end SL QoS between SL session endpoints as well as UN QoS between each hop of the SL session. This information can be collected, maintained, or shared by SL (eg, using the SLCM function), UN (eg, using the UNCM function), and SL session endpoints.

  The information elements in Table 2 may allow an SL session initiator (eg, IoT device application 156) to define E2E QoS requirements between itself and one or more other target SL session endpoints. Similarly, the SL can use this information to determine the E2E QoS requirements of the SL session initiator and thus attempt to satisfy them using the methods disclosed herein.

  Table 3 proposes several types of UN-centric information elements that can be used in support of E2E SL QoS. For example, for each communication hop in an E2E SL session, an entity that initiates or forwards an SL establishment request may utilize this information (eg, by including it in the request itself). This information can be collected, tracked and maintained by either the SL itself or the UN. Further, in some cases, SL and UN may cooperate with each other and exchange this information (eg, via SLCM or UNCM). The present disclosure proposes a method to support this.

  FIG. 13 illustrates a 0-hop 186, a 1-hop 187 established between an IoT field device 153 (eg, an application hosted on an IoT sensor), an IoT gateway 152, an IoT server 151, and an IoT application 156, and Figure 3 illustrates an example use case of a 2-hop 188 E2E SL session. In each of these cases, the IoT application 156 initiates establishment of an E2E SL session. In 0-hop 186, the IoT application 156 establishes an E2E SL session with the IoT server 151. At 1-hop 187, the IoT application 156 establishes an E2E SL session with the IoT gateway 152. At 2-hop 188, the IoT application 156 establishes an E2E SL session with the application hosted on the IoT field device 153.

  In the three established E2E SL sessions for the indicated use case, each SLCM function supported by the SL hosted on the IoT server 151 and the IoT gateway 152 may communicate with each UNCM function supported by the UN. . By doing so, the SLCM and UNCM adjust the proper selection and configuration of UN QoS used for each hop of the E2E SL session so that the E2E QoS requirements of the E2E SL session can be met.

  A method for managing UN QoS and meeting E2E SL QoS requirements is disclosed herein. Specifically, these methods involve the management of UN QoS during E2E SL session establishment, E2E SL session communication, and E2E SL session release.

  FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary method for managing UN QoS during E2E SL session establishment. What is required in advance for the procedure shown in FIG. 14 is that an SL registrant (eg, IoT application 156) establishes an SL session between itself and a target SL session endpoint (eg, IoT device application 155). Is to generate a request for. In this request, the IoT application 156 includes in the request information such as the SL center information specified in Table 2 and possibly the access network center information specified in Table 3 if applicable. , May define its QoS requirements for E2E SL sessions. The time point when the E2E SL session establishment request is received by the local SL of the SL registrant is the time point when the procedure defined in FIG. 14 starts. This procedure handles the E2E SL session establishment request when it is being propagated towards the target SL session endpoint, as well as the corresponding response when it returns towards the SL registrant that originated the request. Used for. The detailed steps of the proposed procedure are defined below. In step 201, a recipient (eg, an intermediate SL instance or target SL session endpoint such as IoT server 165, IoT gateway 152, or IoT device application 155) detects an incoming request, which is an SL session establishment request or response. Check if it is. This check can be done by analyzing header information in the SL message. The header information may indicate the SL message type of the SL message. If the received SL message in step 201 is an SL session establishment request, the process proceeds to step 202. If the SL message received in step 201 is an SL session establishment response, the process proceeds to step 211.

  Continuing to refer to FIG. 14, in step 202 and step 203, if the SL message of step 201 is an SL session establishment request, the receiving SLCM will inter alia be SL reachable as discussed below. QoS check such as connectivity schedule check, UN connectivity check, SL hop latency check, SL hop throughput check, SL hop jitter check, SL hop error rate check, SL hop cost level check, or SL hop security level check and itself Possible matching between the server and its neighboring SL session hop partners. Note that before making the check, the SLCM may make a check to verify whether an E2E SL session already exists. In the SL reachability schedule check, in order to check and align the SL reachability schedule, the receiving SLCM or ACM will have its current SL reachability schedule defined in the request as E2E SL session reachable. Compare with sex schedule. This check verifies that the receiving SL is active and reachable to process the SL message during the time required for the established new SL session. To do this, the receiving SLCM or ACM checks whether the current reachability schedule window is aligned (or not aligned) with that specified in the request. This can be done by comparing the start and end times of each reachability window defined in the request with the start and end times of the current reachability window of the receiver. In the UN connectivity check, in order to check and align the UN connectivity schedule, the receiving SLCM or ACM will, for each of its reachability windows, enter the different types of UN it supports into the new SL. It can be compared to that required by the session. These can either be specified in the request, or the requester can make this information available to the receiver in advance. In making this information available to the receiver in advance, the receiving SLCM or ACM will receive at least one common UN for each of the required reachability time frames for the SL session. May be active to provide the necessary connectivity between the receiver and its neighboring SL session hop partners.

  With continued reference to steps 202-203 of FIG. 14, in the SL hop latency check, the receiving SLCM or ACM obtains latency information for this particular SL hop from the UNCM, if available. Can do. If not available from the UNCM, the SLCM or ACM compares the communication latency between itself and its neighboring SL session hop partners and is less than the required E2E SL session latency specified in the incoming request. A latency check may be performed by determining whether or not To perform this check, the receiving SLCM or ACM automatically generates one or more separate SL ping requests (or equivalents) that the SLCM or ACM sends to its neighbor SL session hop partner. Target and receive the corresponding response returned. To measure latency, the SLCM or ACM may measure when each SL ping is sent and when a response is received. The SLCM or ACM can then subtract and average to calculate the latency. If more than one UN is connected to the receiver and its neighboring SL session hop partners, the SLCM or ACM performs this latency check for each UN, compares them, and sets the SL session latency requirement. The best UN to meet can be selected. The SLCM or ACM may maintain these latency measurements and reuse them for future SL session requests so that the latency measurements do not need to be repeated frequently. The SLCM or ACM may also periodically perform this latency check again to monitor whether the latency continues to meet SL session latency requirements. If not, the SLCM or ACM may signal and indicate an error or event to the originating SL session endpoint. In the SL hop throughput check, the receiving SLCM or ACM may obtain throughput information from the UNCM, if available. If not available, the SLCM or ACM compares the communication throughput between itself and its neighboring SL session hop partners and meets the required E2E SL session throughput specified in the incoming SL session establishment request. A throughput check may be performed by determining whether or not. To perform this check, the receiving SLCM automatically generates a series of repeated SL ping requests that target them towards their neighbor SL session hop partners and receive the corresponding response returned. obtain. The SLCM may configure the length of each ping to match the maximum SL message size specified in the SL session establishment request. To measure the throughput, the SLCM can measure the rate at which it receives responses. If more than one UN connects with the receiver and its neighboring SL session hop partners, the SLCM may perform this throughput check for each UN and compare them. The SLCM can maintain these throughput measurements and reuse them for future SL session requests so that the measurements do not need to be repeated frequently. The SLCM or ACM may periodically perform this throughput check again to monitor whether the throughput continues to meet SL session requirements. If not, the SLCM or ACM may signal and indicate an error or event to the originating SL session endpoint.

  With continued reference to steps 202-203 of FIG. 14, for SL hop jitter check, the receiving SLCM or ACM may obtain jitter information from the UNCM, if available. If not available, the SLCM or ACM may perform a jitter check using a similar procedure as described above in the throughput check. Instead of measuring throughput, the SLCM or ACM can measure the variation in delay between successive ping responses. In the SL hop error rate check, the receiving SLCM or ACM may obtain error rate information from the UNCM, if available. If not available, the SLCM or ACM may perform an error rate check using a similar procedure as described herein for the throughput check. Instead of measuring throughput, the SLCM or ACM can measure the error rate for a series of requests and responses. In an SL hop cost level check, the receiving SLCM or ACM, if available, obtains cost information from the UNCM, compares it with the cost requirements (eg, budget) specified in the request, and It may be determined whether the cost to use is aligned with the E2E SL session requirements. In the SL hop security level check, the receiving SLCM or ACM, if available, obtains security information from the UNCM, compares it with the security requirements specified in the request, and supports the security supported in the UN. It can be determined whether any of the levels is aligned with the E2E SL session requirement.

  With continued reference to FIG. 14, in step 204, the receiving SLCM or ACM attempts to adjust the QoS parameters (if applicable) that were disqualified by the check in step 203. The SLCM or ACM attempts to adjust QoS parameters at the UN between the receiver and its neighboring SL session hop partners by cooperating with the UNCM in each respective UN (if supported). To do this, the SLCM or ACM may make a request that it sends to one or more UNCMs. In this request, the SLCM or ACM sends the E2E SL session ID, the UN address of the receiver and its neighbor SL session hop partner, and the required UN QoS parameters between the receiver and its neighbor SL session hop partner (Table 2). And the type of information (see definition for Table 3).

  Continuing with reference to step 204 of FIG. 14, using this information, the UNCM allows the QoS requirements (eg, schedule, latency, jitter, error rate, Throughput, cost, security). The UNCM may then coordinate with other functions in the UN to determine whether it is possible to configure the UN to meet SL session QoS requirements. This can be done for all SL communications that occur between the receiver and its neighboring SL session hop partners via this UN, or alternatively it is associated with this particular SL session and this Either can be done selectively by the UN only for messages marked with a specific E2E SL session ID. Discussed below are some QoS parameter specific adjustment procedures, such as SL reachability schedule adjustment or UN connectivity schedule adjustment. In SL reachability schedule adjustment, if SL reachability schedules are not aligned with each other, the receiving SLCM or ACM will attempt to adjust the receiving SL reachability window and align them You can try. To do this, the receiving SLCM or ACM must take care not to affect any other existing SL session. This aggregates the receiver's existing SL reachability time frame required by the SLCM or ACM for its current SL session with the reachability time frame required by the new SL session being established. Can be achieved. By doing so, the SLCM or ACM may ensure that all SL sessions can coexist with another (eg, by matching or not matching session schedules with each other). With UN connectivity schedule adjustment, if there is no proper UN connectivity, the SLCM or ACM modifies the UN connectivity schedule to communicate with the UNCM at each respective UN and align them with the E2E SL session requirements. You can try to do it. To do this, the SLCM or ACM can make a request that it sends to the UNCM. In this request, the SLCM or ACM may include information such as the SL session ID and connectivity schedule for the receiver and / or its neighboring SL session hop partners. The UNCM may then attempt to use this information to coordinate with other UN functions and modify the connectivity schedule so that they are consistent with each other during the time required for SL session communication. . If the above connectivity schedule check and reconciliation action is successful, the procedure proceeds to perform a latency check, otherwise it proceeds to step 210 where the receiver has the appropriate connectivity with the receiver. Prepare and send an error response indicating that it cannot be established with its neighbor SL session hop partner. An achievable schedule can be returned in this error response to provide additional information that may be useful.

  Continuing to refer to FIG. 14, in step 205, if the required QoS parameter adjustment is successful, the procedure proceeds to step 206 to check whether the target SL session endpoint is hosted remotely, and so on. Otherwise, proceed to step 210 where the receiver prepares and sends an error response indicating that the requested QoS cannot be met. Achievable QoS parameter values may be returned in this error response to provide additional information that may be useful. In step 206, the receiving SLCM or ACM has to be forwarded to another hop, whether the target SL session endpoint specified in the request is locally hosted to establish the SL session Check if. This can be done by comparing the recipient address with the address of the target SL session endpoint. If the request must be forwarded to another SL hop, the procedure proceeds to step 207 to prepare the request to be forwarded. Otherwise, the procedure proceeds to step 209 and prepares an SL session establishment response. Requests can be forwarded from one service layer node to another until an end-to-end service layer session is established. In step 207, the SL session establishment request is forwarded to the next hop because the target SL session endpoint is not hosted by the receiver. Before forwarding the request, the receiving SLCM or ACM updates the request and the amount of E2E QoS budget remaining due to some QoS parameters such as latency, jitter, and error rate for subsequent hops to consume Can be shown. To do this, the receiving SLCM or ACM may subtract the measured QoS parameters consumed by the hop from the E2E SL session value carried in the request. By doing so, when the next hop receives the request, the remaining budget for each QoS parameter will be adjusted to take into account the previous hop in the E2E communication path.

  With continued reference to FIG. 14, in step 208, the E2E SL session establishment request is forwarded to the next hop. In step 209, the target SL session endpoint is hosted by the recipient. Upon receiving this request, the receiver verifies that the target exists, verifies that the originating SL session endpoint has the appropriate permissions to establish an E2E SL session with the target, etc. Action can be taken. The receiving side can summarize the normal SL session establishment response. The response may include information such as an E2E SL session ID, a successful response code, or measured E2E QoS parameters measured during a hop-by-hop E2E SL layer session establishment. The measured E2E QoS parameters may include measurements such as remaining latency, jitter, cost, and error rate budget measured during a hop-by-hop E2E SL layer session, and minimal throughput. This response can then be sent back to the same neighboring SL session hop partner on the receiving side that it received the request. Upon receiving this response, the neighboring SL session hop partner may process the response using this same procedure (see step 211). In step 210, the receiver was unable to successfully process the E2E SL session establishment request. The receiver may return an error response to its same neighbor SL session hop partner from which it received the request. Upon receiving this response, the neighboring SL session hop partner may process the response using this same procedure (see step 211).

  Continuing to refer to FIG. 14, in step 211, the receiving SLCM checks the E2E SL session establishment response to determine if it is a success response or an error. If it is a successful response, the procedure proceeds to step 213. Otherwise, the procedure proceeds to step 212. In step 212 in the case of an error response, the SL session state is deleted. The receiving SLCM removes the SL session state it maintains and further communicates with each UNCM in the underlying network it supports, causing them to tear down the SL session state and configuration. This may include removing UN connectivity, latency, jitter, error rate, and throughput configuration based on SL sessions configured during the E2E SL session establishment process. In step 213, the receiver checks whether it is an E2E SL initiator endpoint based on checking the SL session ID, and any outstanding E2E SL session establishment request that the receiver may have. Determine if it matches. If there is a match, then the receiver processes the response and determines whether the E2E SL session establishment request is successful. If not, then the procedure proceeds to step 215 and forwards the response to the next hop. At step 214, the E2E SL session is considered to have been successfully established by the E2E SL originating endpoint. In step 215, the receiving SLCM or ACM forwards the E2E SL session response for this session to its corresponding neighboring SL session hop partner so that the response proceeds towards the E2E SL session initiator endpoint.

  FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary method for managing UN connections while sending E2E SL session messages. Once established, the E2E SL session can be used to send and receive E2E SL session communication requests and responses. In step 221, an E2E SL session participant (eg, SL session endpoint or intermediate SL instance) sends an E2E SL session communication request or E2E SL session communication response message via a specific E2E SL session that has already been established. Decide what needs to be sent. In step 222, to send the response over the E2E SL session, the participant creates a response and configures the E2E session ID to match the E2E session ID specified in the request. The response may include other information as well, such as application specific response information. The target destination for the response is determined by the SLCM. To do this, the SLCM or ACM uses the local state that it maintains for every single E2E SL session request that it initiates or retargets (as described in step 223 below). Using the E2E SL session ID, the SLCM or ACM looks up where to send the response. In step 223, to send the request over the E2E SL session, the participant creates a request and configures a destination address to the targeted E2E SL session endpoint. It also includes an E2E session ID corresponding to the SL session that you want to use to communicate with this target endpoint. The request may include other information as well, such as application specific request information. When sending a request, the SLCM or ACM maintains the SL session state for the request. The SLCM or ACM maintains whether it originated the request or whether it retargeted the request. In case the request is retargeted, the SLCM records the SL entity that received the request it retargeted. This information is recorded using the E2E SL session ID.

  With continued reference to FIG. 15, in step 224, the E2E SL session communication request / response needs to be routed towards the target (if request) or originator (if response) E2E SL session endpoint. . Thus, one of the actions involved in this process for SLCM or ACM is to analyze the destination address specified in the E2E SL session communication request / response and determine the next SL hop to route it Could be. This may involve the SLCM or ACM comparing the E2E SL session ID included in the request / response with the SL routing state to determine the next SL hop. This may result in a routable address such as the IP address of the next hop SL. This routable address can then be resolved into a UN address. In step 225, the message is then handed off from the SLCM or ACM to the corresponding UN assigned during E2E SL session establishment. When the UN receives this message, the UN may use its UNCM function to analyze the message and determine whether it contains an E2E SL session ID marker that the UN recognizes. For example, the UNCM may use deep packet inspection (DPI) techniques to analyze the message and use it to find the E2E SL session ID with which the UNCM was configured during E2E SL session establishment. In step 226, if the UN does not support message processing in an SL session aware format, or if the current message contains an E2E SL session ID that is recognizable by the UN, the UN processes the message in a non-SL session aware format. obtain. In this case, the SL is responsible for ensuring that E2E QoS is achieved. It may do this using UN QoS information that the UN makes available to the SL. The SL may then make adjustments (eg, change UN) to ensure that E2E QoS is maintained.

  In step 227, if the UN supports processing a message in the SL session recognition format and detects that the current message contains an E2E SL session ID that it recognizes, the UNCM function processes the message in the SL session recognition scheme. Can do. In doing this, the UNCM may inform other functions within the UN of the E2E SL session ID associated with this message. Using this information, other functions may process the message so that E2E SL session QoS requirements can be met. For example, a UN may control message scheduling by controlling when to trigger a destination to connect to the network, and thus by controlling when messages may be sent there. Similarly, a UN may control message latency, jitter, and throughput by controlling the delay that a message incurs while traversing through various UN functions. At step 228, the UNCM (if supported) of the UN may provide feedback (eg, notification) regarding the processing of the E2E SL session communication request / response message to the SLCM. This feedback may include whether the UN was able to meet the same QoS level reported during E2E SL session establishment and if not, a new measurement for this given message. This feedback may also include whether a specified error rate threshold has been exceeded. For example, if the UN becomes congested and is no longer able to meet the SL session requirements configured during SL session establishment, the UNCM may notify the SLCM or ACM. In step 229, sharing UN information with the SLCM or ACM on a per message, periodic basis, or event basis (eg, when processing a message results in latency or throughput that does not meet the requirements of the SL session) The SLCM or ACM may allow this particular UN to keep track of whether it continues to meet and meet the QoS requirements of the E2E SL session. If the SLCM or ACM detects that this is not the case, the SLCM or ACM will attempt to address this issue and reconfigure the UN network function (eg, increase the priority of SL session messages). Corrective measures can be taken, such as a request for that. Alternatively, the SLCM or ACM can check to determine if there is another available UN available for use and, if applicable, can move the E2E SL session to this new UN . To do this, the SLCM or ACM may send the same type of request to the new UNCM in the new UN as it did to the original UN in the E2E SL session establishment procedure. Similarly, as described in the E2E SL session release procedure, a request may also be sent to the old UNCM in the old UN to release this session. If successful, the SLCM or ACM may use the new UN to begin processing future E2E SL session communication request / response messages that it receives for this particular E2E SL session.

  FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary method for managing UN QoS while receiving an E2E SL session message. In step 231, whether the receiving SLCM or ACM (eg, originating SL session endpoint, intermediate SL instance, or target SL session endpoint) has detected an incoming SL message and is an SL session communication request or response. Check. This check is performed by analyzing header information in the SL message indicating the SL message type. If it is a SL session communication request or response, proceed to step 232. If not, the procedure ends. In step 232, the receiving SLCM or ACM checks whether it is an SL session communication request or a response. In step 233, the receiving SLCM or ACM checks whether the target endpoint specified in the SL session communication request is hosted locally or whether the request must be forwarded to another hop. . This can be done by comparing the recipient address with the address of the target SL session endpoint. In step 234, if the request has to be retargeted to another SL hop, the receiving SLCM may do so using the procedure defined in FIG. In step 235, after detecting that the SL session communication request is targeted to the receiver, the receiver may process the request (eg, perform CRUD operations on resources hosted by the receiver, or host by the receiver). Calling the target function to be performed). The recipient may then calculate a response (if applicable) that may include application specific response information. In step 236, the receiving SLCM or ACM generates an SL session communication response message. In this response, the receiving SLCM or ACM sends the same E2E SL session from the SL session communication request so that when the response is routed back to the originating side, it can be handled as an E2E SL session message by the intermediate SL and UN. Ensure that the ID is included. To send the response, the receiving SLCM or ACM may use the procedure defined in FIG.

  With continued reference to FIG. 16, at step 237, the receiving SLCM or ACM checks the SL session communication response to determine if the receiving side is the originator of the request corresponding to this response. To do this, the recipient compares the E2E SL session ID in the response with its locally stored state that it maintains for each SL session communication request it originates or retargets. If the receiving side detects that the SL session ID matches the request initiated by the receiving side, the receiving side knows that the receiving side should process the response itself without having to retarget the response. If the receiver detects that the E2E SL session ID matches the request that it has retargeted, then the receiver must accept the same SL entity (eg, intermediate SL instance or SL session initiator endpoint) that received the request. ) To understand that the response needs to be retargeted to return. If the receiver does not recognize the E2E SL session ID, it drops the response and the procedure ends. In step 218, the receiving side is the originating side of the SL session communication request corresponding to the received response. The receiver processes the response and extracts application specific response information therefrom. In step 219, the receiver is not the originator of the SL session communication request corresponding to the received response, and therefore the receiving SLCM forwards the response to the next hop. To do this, the receiving SLCM can do so using the procedure defined above in FIG.

  FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary method for managing UN connections during E2E SL session release. What is needed in advance for the procedure shown in FIG. 17 is for the SL registrant (eg, backend application) to release the E2E SL session between itself and the target SL session endpoint (eg, device application). It can be to generate a request. In this request, the SL registrant defines the E2E SL session ID as well as the target session endpoint. This request is then forwarded to the SL registrant's local SL for processing. The time when the E2E SL session release request is received by the local SL of the SL registrant is the time when the procedure defined in FIG. 17 starts. This procedure can be used to process an E2E SL session release request as it is propagated hop by hop towards the target SL session endpoint. This procedure may also be for processing the corresponding E2E SL session release response as it flows back towards the SL registrant that originated the request. In step 241, the receiving SLCM or ACM (eg, originating SL session endpoint, intermediate SL instance, or target SL session endpoint) detects the incoming SL message and whether it is an SL session release request or response. Check. This check is performed by analyzing header information in the SL message indicating the SL message type. If not, the procedure ends. In step 242, the receiving SLCM or ACM checks whether it is the target of an E2E SL release request. In step 243, if the request does not target the receiver, the receiver retargets the E2E SL release request to the next hop. When doing this, the receiving SLCM maintains the state of retargeting the request and records the SL entity that received the request for it to be retargeted. This information is recorded using the E2E SL session ID.

  With continued reference to FIG. 17, in step 244, if the request targets the recipient, the SLCM or ACM first agrees that the SLCM or ACM receives the response and releases the session. Process the request by generating an E2E SL session release response to indicate. In step 245, to send the response, the participant creates a response and configures the E2E session ID to match the E2E session ID specified in the request. The response may include other information such as application specific response information. The target destination is the E2E SL session initiator specified in the request. In step 246, the receiving SLCM or ACM deletes any state created during E2E SL session establishment or E2E SL session communication. The SCLM or ACM also communicates with the UNCM that resides in each applicable UN, deletes the state maintained in the UN, and is required to service the E2E SL session for this particular hop. Release the held resources. This includes the configuration on any of the UN functions used for E2E SL session recognition processing of related messages having an E2E SL session ID that matches the session being released. In step 247, if the incoming message is an E2E SL session release response, the receiving SLCM or ACM checks whether the response correlates with the E2E SL session release request originated by the receiving side. In step 248, if not, the receiving SLCM determines the next hop to forward the response. To do this, the SLCM uses the local state that it maintains for the E2E SL session release request that it retargets. Using the E2E SL session ID, the SLCM looks up the location that received the corresponding E2E SL session release request that matches this E2E SL session ID.

  In step 249, the response is then handed off from the SLCM or ACM to the corresponding UN assigned during E2E SL session establishment. The UN then forwards the message to the next hop. In step 250, the receiving SLCM or ACM deletes the state created during E2E SL session establishment or E2E SL session communication. The SCLM or ACM communicates with the UNCM residing within each applicable UN and removes the state maintained at the UN that is required to service the E2E SL session for this particular hop. This includes the configuration on any of the UN functions used for E2E SL session recognition processing of related messages having an E2E SL session ID that matches the session being released. In step 251, if the response correlates to an E2E SL session release request originated by the receiver, the receiver processes the response and verifies that the session release was successfully processed by the target E2E SL session endpoint. . In step 252, the receiving SLCM or ACM (if supported) then deletes the state created during E2E SL session establishment or E2E SL session communication. The SCLM or ACM communicates with the UNCM residing within each applicable UN and removes any state maintained at the UN that is required to service the E2E SL session for this particular hop To do. This includes the configuration on any of the UN functions used for E2E SL session recognition processing of related messages having an E2E SL session ID that matches the session being released.

  FIG. 18 illustrates an example in which SLCM is implemented as a supported function of oneM2M definition service session management (SSM) CSF. This SLCM compliant SSM CSF 272 is supported by oneM2M CSE hosted on an IoT device (eg, ASN-CSE 271), IoT gateway (eg, MN-CSE 273), or IoT server (IN-CSE 275).

  This SLCM compliant SSM CSF 272 then interfaces with UNCM via a oneM2M defined network service exposure, service execution, and trigger (NSSE) CSF (eg, NSSE CSF278). The UNCM function (eg, UNCM276) is implemented as a 3GPP defined service capability exposure function (SCEF), eg, a function of SCEF277. SCEF 277 then interfaces with various other functions within the 3GPP network (eg, 3GPP network 274). According to the definition of oneM2M, SCEF277 is a lower layer network service entity (NSE). In FIG. 18, an E2E oneM2M SL session is established between two oneM2M AEs (eg, AE270 and AE279) separated by multiple CSE hops spanning a 3GPP network owned by two different network operators. . Each oneM2M AE supports an ACM function. Together, SLCM, ACM, and UNCM functions allow oneM2M AEs to establish E2E oneM2M SL sessions with each other using application specific QoS requirements. Through the assistance of SLCM, ACM, and UNCM functions, the oneM2M CSE can coordinate with each other and with two underlying 3GPP networks owned by different operators. Through this adjustment, proper adjustment and matching of QoS parameters can be achieved in both the oneM2M service layer and the underlying 3GPP network. By doing so, AE's E2E QoS requirements can be managed by the CSE on a coordinated hop basis and ultimately on an E2E basis using the proposed method incorporated in this disclosure. As a result, oneM2M AEs can communicate with each other using E2E oneM2M SL sessions in a manner that meets their defined E2E QoS requirements.

  An API may be defined for oneM2M SSM CSF to allow AE to establish an E2E oneM2M SL session. The API may be based on a resource definition (eg, a RESTful API). Conventional resources may include <session>, <sessionPolicy>, and <sessionContext>. Extensions may be made to the <session> and <sessionPolicy> resources to allow the AE to define application specific E2E QoS requirements during the establishment of an E2E SL session. The API extensions disclosed herein can be used to implement oneM2M SLCM or ACM API. Discussed below is the establishment or deletion of an E2E SL session by allowing an E2E SL session initiator (eg, AE270 or IoT device application 155) to create or delete these resources in its local CSE. There are several extensions that can be used to request a release. In addition, these resources can be used by intermediate CSEs to establish or release E2E SL sessions in a hop-by-hop manner. This may be done by the intermediate CSE creating or deleting these resources on the next hop CSE during the establishment or release of the E2E SL session. Thus, by doing so, each CSE in a multi-hop E2E SL session configuration may maintain a corresponding set of these resources for each E2E SL session. These resources provide the CSE with the ability to support and maintain awareness and state for each E2E SL session.

  FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary extension of the oneM2M <session> resource. This includes multiple attributes to allow the AE to define application specific E2E QoS requirements associated with a specific oneM2M E2E SL session. The attributes can be schedule, latency, jitter, errorRate, throughput, costLevel, and securityLevel attributes, which are defined in Table 4 and shown in FIG. In another example, instead of the E2E SL session QoS requirements defined in the <session> resource, they can instead be defined in the oneM2M <sessionPolicy> resource, as shown in FIG.

  Traditionally, oneM2M does not define resources to maintain QoS-centric information about UNs that provide connectivity between CSEs registered to it and AEs or other CSEs. Disclosed herein is, for example, a <UN> oneM2M resource as illustrated in FIG. This resource supports a set of attributes for tracking and maintaining information that can be published or retrieved from individual UNs. The CSE may support a separate <UN> resource for each supported UN and use this resource to maintain information about the UN. Supporting this type of information allows visibility of UN context (eg, current reachability of AE or CSE, communication latency, and communication throughput via this UN) that may allow UN recognition decisions to be made. Providing sex to CSE. For example, based on this information, the CSE may rank the set of UNs available for communication with neighboring CSEs or AEs and determine the best use. Information maintained in the resource can be published via the UN (eg, via the UNCM function supported by the SCEF associated with the 3GPP network) or read from the UN (eg, Via SLCM supported by CSE). Table 5 provides exemplary attributes.

  Traditionally, oneM2M defines a single pointOfAccess attribute for both <AE> and <remoteCSE> resources. Conventional attributes are used to capture a list of UN addresses for the corresponding AE or CSE. When an AE or CSE registers with another registrar CSE, it may provide this information. This information can be used by the registrar CSE to contact the AE or CSE when the registrar CSE needs to send a message to the AE or CSE. Traditionally, oneM2M defines information stored in a pointOfAccess attribute as a list of IP addresses or FQDNs and ports. Each corresponding UN supported by the AE or CSE has an entry in this list. The pointOfAccess attribute as defined does not support any other UN information.

  Defined below is a proposed extension of the oneM2M pointOfAccess attribute functionality to provide the CSE with visibility for additional UN information. FIG. 22 illustrates exemplary E2E SL session QoS requirement <pointOfAccess> attributes. In a first exemplary extension, the pointOfAccess attribute can be converted to a resource with its own individual attributes. Doing this creates a more conductive API between the CSE and its registrants and allows them to define additional UN information.

  In a second exemplary extension, support for additional UN QoS related information, such as the information disclosed in Table 3, may be added. Supporting this information for a given AE or CSE registered with the CSE provides the registrar CSE with visibility to the UN specific configuration and requirements for the given AE or CSE. This may give the registrar CSE UN specific information about each of its registrants. For example, the CSE may determine for each AE or CSE registered with it a set of UNs available to communicate with that AE or CSE. Separately, the CSE has a UN requirement for each AE or CSE. This information can then be used to make a more informed decision about the UN to use when communicating with a particular AE or CSE. Table 6 provides exemplary attributes associated with FIG.

  FIGS. 23 and 24 illustrate exemplary <pointOfAccess> child resources for the <AE> resource and the <remoteCSE> resource. As used herein, an <AE> or <remoteCSE> oneM2M resource may be enabled to support a separate instance of the disclosed <pointOfAccess> resource, eg, as shown in FIG. 23 or FIG. A separate instance of <pointOfAccess> may be created by the AE or CSE and maintain its connectivity information for each UN that provides connectivity between itself and its registrar CSE.

  Disclosed herein is an API for UNCM functionality that can be supported by 3GPP-defined SCEF. The disclosed API is RESTful in nature and defines a set of resources and attributes that can be accessed by trusted applications or third party services (eg, by SLCM functions supported by oneM2M CSE).

  FIG. 25 illustrates exemplary <UNCM> resources for 3GPP UNCM / SCEF. This resource supports a set of attributes for tracking and maintaining UN information. A UNCM may support a separate <UNCM> resource for each UN that it supports. <UNCM> supports communication to collect information with the corresponding UN node / function in each respective UN, and the UN node / function makes that information available through this resource To do. The UNCM may support read requests for this resource as well as a subscription mechanism, allowing a trusted application or service provider to receive UN information from the UNCM. For example, the SLCM function may read a <UNCM> resource or create a subscription to receive a notification if any of the <UNCM> attributes are updated. Table 7 provides exemplary <UNCM> resource attributes and child resources.

  FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary <UNCMSsession> resource for 3GPP UNCM / SCEF. This resource supports a set of attributes to allow a trusted application or service provider to create a communication session within a UN managed by the UNCM associated with the SL session. For example, the SLCM function in the oneM2M CSE may create a <UNCMSsession> resource and establish a single hop UN session between itself and a neighboring CSE. By configuring the sessionID attribute of the <UNCMSsession> resource with the E2E SL session ID proposed in this disclosure, the SLCM may establish one hop of the E2E session. This process may be repeated for each hop in the E2E SL session to form an E2E SL session consisting of multiple UN sessions. In addition to configuring sessionID, the SLCM may also configure other attributes to match E2E SL session QoS requirements (schedule, latency, and throughput). The UNCM can then respond with a success or failure response based on whether the UN can create a session. If successful, the UNCM may configure each node with the sessionID and QoS requirements. This allows the UN to detect and process any message that includes a sessionID in a manner that is consistent with QoS requirements. The SLCM may further update the <UNCMSsession> resource to change the QoS requirement, delete the <UNCMSsession>, and release the session. Table 8 provides exemplary <UNCMSsession> resource attributes and child resources.

  FIG. 27 illustrates an example of an OpenFlow based software defined networking (SDN) system in which an OpenFlow enabled switch or router interconnects IoT devices, gateways, servers, and backend applications. OpenFlowSwitchSpecification 1.3.4 (March 24, 2014) https: // www. openworking. org / ja / sdn-resources-ja / onf-specifications / openflow and OpenFlowController-Switch1.0 (August 15, 2014) https://www.org/ja/sdn-resources-ja/onf-specifications/openflow openworking. See org / ja / sdn-resources-ja / onf-specifications / openflow, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

  With continued reference to FIG. 27, each OpenFlow enabled switch or router is enabled using the UNCM function. This UNCM function interfaces with the SLCM function supported by M2M / IoT SL hosted by both the M2M / IoT gateway and server. The SLCM function may read the OpenFlow controller function to communicate with an UNCM implemented on an OpenFlow enabled switch or router.

  In this example, an E2E oneM2M SL session is established between two applications separated by multiple M2M / IoT service layer hops that span across multiple underlying OpenFlow enabled switches or routers.

  Together, SLCM, ACM, and UNCM functions allow applications to establish E2E SL sessions with each other, where application specific QoS requirements such as E2E reachability schedule, E2E latency, and E2E throughput can be defined. To. Through the assistance of SLCM, ACM, and UNCM functions, SLs can coordinate with each other and with the underlying OpenFlow enabled switch / router. Through this adjustment, appropriate adjustment and matching of reachability schedule, latency, and throughput can be achieved at both the service layer and the underlying router. By doing so, the AE's E2E QoS requirements can be managed by the SL on an adjusted hop-by-event basis, eventually on an E2E basis, using the proposed method incorporated in this disclosure. As a result, applications can communicate with each other using E2E SL sessions in a manner that meets their defined E2E QoS requirements.

  FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a graphical user interface that can be used to configure E2E QoS. A graphical user interface as shown provides selected terms as provided in Table 2 by way of example. This GUI may be supported as a native feature of the ACM or SLCM function defined in this disclosure. Alternatively, this GUI can be implemented as its own function, which an ACM or SLCM function can interface with. This GUI allows a user to provide a desired level of E2E QoS between itself (or an application under its control) and one or more target M2M / IoT devices (or applications hosted on these devices). It may be possible to configure. The GUI may support one or more of the QoS parameters defined in Table 2. The GUI may support user-friendly settings / options for high, medium, low, etc. QoS parameters. The GUI and / or ACM, or SLCM can in turn convert these GUI settings into more detailed values / specific QoS settings that are better interpreted by the underlying network. For example, high, medium, and low throughputs can be converted to> 10 Mbit / sec, <10 Mbit / sec, but> 1 Mbit / sec, and <1 MBits / sec, respectively. Alternatively, the GUI may support more specific options and / or values.

  FIG. 29 illustrates an exemplary display (eg, a graphical user interface) that may be generated based on the methods and systems discussed herein. Display interface 201 (eg, a touch screen display) may provide text associated with service layer quality of service management, such as the parameters in Tables 1-8, in block 202. In another example, the progress of any of the steps discussed herein (eg, message sent or success of step) may be displayed at block 202. In addition, the graphical output 203 can be displayed on the display interface 201. The graphical output 203 may be a device topology such as spanning multiple networks, a graphical output of any method or system progress discussed in the specification, and the like.

  FIG. 30A illustrates an example machine to machine (M2M), Internet of Things (IoT), or Web of Things (WoT) communication in which one or more disclosed concepts associated with IoT E2E service layer QoS management may be implemented. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system 10. In general, M2M technology provides building blocks for IoT / WoT, and any M2M device, M2M gateway, or M2M service platform can be an IoT / WoT component as well as an IoT / WoT service layer and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 30A, the M2M / IoT / WoT communication system 10 includes a communication network 12. The communication network 12 may be a fixed network (eg, Ethernet, Fiber, ISDN, PLC, etc.) or a wireless network (eg, WLAN, cellular, etc.) or a heterogeneous network. For example, the communication network 12 may consist of multiple access networks that provide content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple users. For example, the communication network 12 is one of code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), etc. The above channel access method can be adopted. Further, the communication network 12 may comprise other networks such as, for example, a core network, the Internet, a sensor network, an industrial control network, a personal area network, a fused personal network, a satellite network, a home network, or a corporate network.

  As shown in FIG. 30A, the M2M / IoT / WoT communication system 10 may include an infrastructure domain and a field domain. An infrastructure domain refers to the network side of an end-to-end M2M deployment, and a field domain refers to an area network that is typically behind an M2M gateway. The field domain includes an M2M gateway 14 and a terminal device 18. It will be appreciated that any number of M2M gateway devices 14 and M2M terminal devices 18 may be included in the M2M / IoT / WoT communication system 10 as desired. Each of the M2M gateway device 14 and the M2M terminal device 18 is configured to transmit and receive signals over the communication network 12 or direct wireless link. M2M gateway device 14 communicates with either wireless M2M devices (eg, cellular and non-cellular) and fixed network M2M devices (eg, PLC) either through an operator network, such as communication network 12, or through a direct wireless link. Make it possible. For example, the M2M device 18 may collect data and send the data to the M2M application 20 or the M2M device 18 via the communication network 12 or a direct wireless link. M2M device 18 may also receive data from M2M application 20 or M2M device 18. Further, data and signals may be sent to and received from the M2M application 20 via the M2M service platform 22, as will be described below. M2M device 18 and gateway 14 communicate via various networks including, for example, cellular, WLAN, WPAN (eg, Zigbee®, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth®), direct wireless links, and wired. obtain.

  Referring to FIG. 30B, the M2M service layer 22 illustrated in the field domain (eg, the IoT service layer 166 as described herein) includes the M2M application 20, the M2M gateway device 14, and the M2M terminal device 18. And providing services for the communication network 12. It will be appreciated that the M2M service platform 22 may communicate with any number of M2M applications, the M2M gateway device 14, the M2M terminal device 18, and the communication network 12 as desired. The M2M service layer 22 may be implemented by one or more servers, computers, etc. The M2M service layer 22 provides service capabilities that are applied to the M2M terminal device 18, the M2M gateway device 14, and the M2M application 20. The functions of the M2M service layer 22 can be implemented in various ways, for example, as a web server, in a cellular core network, in the cloud, etc.

  Similar to the illustrated M2M service layer 22, there is an M2M service layer 22 'in the infrastructure domain. The M2M service layer 22 'provides services for the M2M application 20' and the lower layer communication network 12 'in the infrastructure domain. The M2M service layer 22 'also provides services for the M2M gateway device 14 and the M2M terminal device 18 in the field domain. It will be appreciated that the M2M service layer 22 'may communicate with any number of M2M applications, M2M gateway devices, and M2M terminal devices. The M2M service layer 22 'may interact with the service layer by different service providers. The M2M service layer 22 'may be implemented by one or more servers, computers, virtual machines (eg, cloud / compute / storage farm, etc.), etc.

  Still referring to FIG. 30B, the M2M service layers 22 and 22 'provide a core set of service delivery capabilities that can be exploited by a variety of applications and verticals. These service capabilities allow M2M applications 20 and 20 'to interact with the device and perform functions such as data collection, data analysis, device management, security, billing, service / device discovery, and the like. In essence, these service capabilities remove the burden of implementing these functionalities from the application, thus simplifying application development and reducing the cost and time to market. Service layers 22 and 22 'also allow M2M applications 20 and 20' to communicate through various networks 12 and 12 'in connection with services provided by service layers 22 and 22'.

  In some examples, M2M applications 20 and 20 'may include a desired application that communicates using SL QoS as discussed herein. M2M applications 20 and 20 'may include applications in various industries such as, but not limited to, transportation, health and wellness, connected home, energy management, asset tracking, and security and monitoring. As described above, the M2M service layer operating via the system's devices, gateways, and other servers, for example, data collection, device management, security, billing, location tracking / geofencing, device / service discovery, and Functions such as legacy system integration are supported, and these functions are provided as services to the M2M applications 20 and 20 ′.

  The SL QoS management of the present application may be implemented as part of the service layer. A service layer (eg, IoT SL166) is a software middleware layer that supports value-added service capabilities through a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) and underlying networking interfaces. An M2M entity (eg, an M2M functional entity such as a device, gateway, or service / platform that may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software) may provide an application or service. Both ETSI M2M and oneM2M use a service layer that may include the SL QoS management of the present application. The service layer of ETSI M2M is referred to as the service capability layer (SCL). SCL is implemented in M2M devices (referred to as device SCL (DSCL)), gateways (referred to as gateway SCL (GSCL)), and / or network nodes (referred to as network SCL (NSCL)). obtain. The oneM2M service layer supports a set of common service functions (CSFs) (eg, service capabilities). The instantiation of one or more specific types of CSF sets is a common service entity (CSE) that can be hosted on different types of network nodes (eg, infrastructure nodes, intermediate nodes, application specific nodes) and Called. Furthermore, the present SL QoS management is implemented as part of an M2M network that uses a service-oriented architecture (SOA) and / or a resource-oriented architecture (ROA) to access services such as the present SL QoS management. be able to.

  As discussed herein, the service layer may be considered a functional layer within the network service architecture. The service layer is typically located above an application protocol layer such as HTTP, CoAP, or MQTT and provides value-added services to client applications. The service layer also provides interfaces to the core network in lower resource layers such as, for example, the control layer and the transport / access layer. The service layer supports multiple categories of (service) capabilities or functionality, including service definition, service runtime enablement, policy management, access control, and service clustering. Recently, several industry standards bodies, such as oneM2M, have developed M2M services to address the challenges associated with integrating M2M type devices and applications into deployments such as the Internet / Web, cellular, enterprise, and home networks. Developing layers. The M2M service layer can provide applications or various devices with access to the set or set of capabilities or functionality supported by the service layer, which can be referred to as the CSE or service capability layer (SCL). Some examples include, but are not limited to, security, billing, data management, device management, discovery, provisioning, and connectivity management that can be commonly used by various applications. These capabilities or functionality are made available to such various applications through APIs that utilize message formats, resource structures, and resource representations defined by the M2M service layer. CSEs or SCLs can be implemented by hardware and / or software to use such capabilities or functionality for them and are exposed to various applications and / or devices (services) capabilities or functionality Functional entities (eg, functional interfaces between such functional entities).

  FIG. 30C is a system diagram of an exemplary M2M device 30 such as, for example, an M2M terminal device 18 (eg, IoT device 153) or an M2M gateway device 14 (eg, IoT gateway 152). As shown in FIG. 30C, the M2M device 30 includes a processor 32, a transceiver 34, a transmit / receive element 36, a speaker / microphone 38, a keypad 40, a display / touchpad 42, and a non-removable device. Memory 44, removable memory 46, power supply 48, global positioning system (GPS) chipset 50, and other peripheral devices 52 may be included. It will be appreciated that the M2M device 30 may include any sub-combination of the aforementioned elements while remaining consistent with the disclosed subject matter. M2M device 30 (eg, IoT device 130, IoT gateway 152, IoT server 151, IoT device 154, and others) may be an exemplary implementation that performs the disclosed system and method for SL QoS management.

  The processor 32 may be a general purpose processor, special purpose processor, conventional processor, digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with the DSP core, controller, microcontroller, application specific integrated circuit ( ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), state machine, etc. The processor 32 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the M2M device 30 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 32 may be coupled to a transceiver 34 that may be coupled to a transmit / receive element 36. 30C depicts the processor 32 and the transceiver 34 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 32 and the transceiver 34 may be incorporated together in an electronic package or chip. The processor 32 may implement application layer programs (eg, browsers) and / or radio access layer (RAN) programs and / or communications. The processor 32 may perform security operations such as authentication, security key matching, and / or encryption operations, such as at the access layer and / or application layer, for example.

  The transmit / receive element 36 may be configured to transmit signals to the M2M service platform 22 or receive signals from the M2M service platform 22. For example, the transmit / receive element 36 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. The transmit / receive element 36 may support various networks and air interfaces such as WLAN, WPAN, cellular and the like. In an example, the transmit / receive element 36 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another example, the transmit / receive element 36 may be configured to transmit and receive both RF and optical signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 36 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless or wired signals.

  In addition, although the transmit / receive element 36 is depicted in FIG. 30C as a single element, the M2M device 30 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 36. More specifically, the M2M device 30 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in the example, the M2M device 30 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 36 (eg, multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals.

  The transceiver 34 may be configured to modulate the signal transmitted by the transmission / reception element 36 and to demodulate the signal received by the transmission / reception element 36. As described above, the M2M device 30 may have multi-mode capability. Thus, the transceiver 34 may include a plurality of transceivers to allow the M2M device 30 to communicate via a plurality of RATs such as, for example, UTRA and IEEE 802.11.

  The processor 32 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 44 and / or removable memory 46. Non-removable memory 44 may include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 46 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other examples, processor 32 may access information from and store data in memory that is not physically located on M2M device 30, such as on a server or home computer. In response to whether the LMS in some of the examples described herein is successful or unsuccessful (eg, a SL QoS request or response), the processor 32 on the display or indicator 42. May be configured to control the lighting pattern, image, or color of or otherwise indicate the status of SL QoS management and associated components. Control of the lighting pattern, image, or color on the display or indicator 42 is illustrated in the figure or status of any of the method flows or components discussed herein (eg, FIGS. 9-29, etc.) Can be reflected. Disclosed herein are SL QoS management as well as resource messages and procedures for SL QoS management. Messages and procedures may be displayed on the display 42 by a user requesting resource-related resources via an input source (eg, speaker / microphone 38, keypad 40, or display / touchpad 42), among others. It can be extended to provide an interface / API for requesting, configuring, or querying the SL QoS of a resource.

  The processor 32 may receive power from the power supply 48 and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components within the M2M device 30. The power supply 48 may be any suitable device for powering the M2M device 30. For example, the power source 48 may be one or more dry cell batteries (eg, nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel zinc (NiZn), nickel hydride (NiMH), lithium ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc. May be included.

  The processor 32 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 50 that is configured to provide location information (eg, longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the M2M device 30. It will be appreciated that the M2M device 30 may obtain location information via any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with the information disclosed herein.

  The processor 32 may further be coupled to other peripherals 52 that may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral device 52 may be a variety of sensors, such as accelerometers, biometric (eg, fingerprint) sensors, e-compass, satellite transceivers, sensors, digital cameras (for photography or video), universal serial bus (USB). Port or other interconnection interface, vibrating device, TV transceiver, hands-free headset, Bluetooth module, frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, digital music player, media player, video game player module, Internet browser, etc. Can be included.

  The transmission / reception element 36 is a sensor, consumer electronics, a wearable device such as a smart watch or smart clothing, a medical or e-health device, a robot, an industrial device, a drone, a vehicle such as a car, a truck, a train, or an airplane. It can be embodied in other devices or devices. The transmit / receive element 36 may be connected to other components, modules, or systems of such an apparatus or device via one or more interconnect interfaces, such as an interconnect interface that may comprise one of the peripherals 52. Can connect.

  FIG. 30D is a block diagram of an exemplary computing system 90 in which, for example, the M2M service platform 22 of FIGS. 30A and 30B may be implemented. The computing system 90 (eg, M2M terminal device 18 or M2M gateway device 14) may comprise a computer or server, primarily in the form of software, regardless of where or how such software is stored or accessed. It can be controlled by possible computer readable instructions. Such computer readable instructions may be executed within a central processing unit (CPU) 91 to activate the computing system 90. In many known workstations, servers, and peripheral computers, the central processing unit 91 is implemented by a single chip CPU called a microprocessor. In other machines, the central processing unit 91 may comprise multiple processors. The coprocessor 81 is an optional processor different from the main CPU 91 that performs additional functions or supports the CPU 91. CPU 91 and / or coprocessor 81 may receive, generate, and process data related to the disclosed systems and methods for SL QoS management, such as receipt of SL QoS requests or responses.

  In operation, the CPU 91 fetches, decodes and executes instructions and transfers information to and from other resources via the system bus 80, which is the primary data transfer path of the computer. Such a system bus connects components within the computing system 90 and defines a medium for data exchange. System bus 80 typically includes a data line for transmitting data, an address line for transmitting addresses, and a control line for transmitting interrupts and operating the system bus. An example of such a system bus 80 is a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus.

  Memory devices coupled to the system bus 80 include random access memory (RAM) 82 and read only memory (ROM) 93. Such memory includes circuitry that allows information to be stored and read. ROM 93 generally contains stored data that cannot be easily modified. Data stored in the RAM 82 can be read or changed by the CPU 91 or other hardware device. Access to the RAM 82 and / or ROM 93 can be controlled by the memory controller 92. The memory controller 92 may provide an address translation function that translates virtual addresses to physical addresses when instructions are executed. The memory controller 92 may also provide a memory protection function that isolates processes in the system and isolates system processes from user processes. Thus, a program operating in the first mode can access only the memory mapped by its process virtual address space, and the virtual address space of another process unless memory sharing between processes is set up. Cannot access the memory inside.

  In addition, the computing system 90 may include a peripheral device controller 83 that is responsible for communicating instructions from the CPU 91 to peripheral devices such as the printer 94, keyboard 84, mouse 95, and disk drive 85.

  Display 86, controlled by display controller 96, is used to display visual output generated by computing system 90. Such visual output can include text, graphics, animated graphics, and video. Display 86 may be implemented with a CRT-based video display, an LCD-based flat panel display, a gas plasma-based flat panel display, or a touch panel. Display controller 96 includes the electronic components required to generate a video signal that is transmitted to display 86.

  Further, the computing system 90 may include a network adapter 97 that may be used to connect the computing system 90 to an external communication network, such as the network 12 of FIGS. 30A and 30B.

  Any or all of the systems, methods, and processes described herein are described herein when instructions are executed by a machine such as a computer, server, M2M terminal device, M2M gateway device, or the like. It is understood that the present invention can be embodied in the form of computer-executable instructions (eg, program code) stored on a computer-readable storage medium that perform and / or implement the system, method, and process performed. . In particular, any of the steps, operations, or functions described above may be implemented in the form of such computer-executable instructions. Computer-readable storage media include both volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technique for storing information, but such computer-readable storage. The medium does not contain a signal. Computer readable storage media include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cassette, magnetic tape, magnetic disc storage It may include an apparatus or other magnetic storage device, or any other physical medium that can be used to store desired information and that can be accessed by a computer.

  As illustrated in the figures, specific terminology is employed for clarity in describing the preferred method, system, or apparatus of the subject matter of the present disclosure (IoT E2E SL QoS management). For example, the required terms (eg, Table 2) can be used to achieve not only requirements but also preferences. However, the claimed subject matter is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and each specific element is equivalent to any technical equivalent that operates similarly to achieve a similar purpose. It should be understood to include things.

  The various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof where appropriate. Such hardware, firmware, and software may reside in devices that are located at various nodes of the communication network. The devices may operate alone or in combination with each other to provide the methods described herein. As used herein, the terms “device”, “network device”, “node”, “device”, “network node”, and the like may be used interchangeably.

  This specification is intended to disclose the present invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use any device or system, or to perform any incorporated methods. An example is used to enable the practice of the present invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art (eg, skipping steps, combining steps, between the exemplary methods disclosed herein, Or additional steps). Such other examples may be claimed if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal words of the claim, or if they contain equivalent structural elements with only a slight difference from the literal words of the claim. It is intended to be within the scope of the term.

  In particular, the methods, systems, and apparatus as described herein may provide a means for IoTE2E SL QoS management. A method, system, computer readable storage medium, or device was to determine end-to-end quality of service requirements for an application and to forward a request for an end-to-end service layer session to be established. The request includes a determined end-to-end quality of service requirement for the application, receives a message confirming establishment of an end-to-end service layer session with the remote device, and Means for communicating using the end-to-end service layer session in response to receiving a message confirming the establishment of the end-to-end service layer session. The message may include a service layer identification for the established end-to-end service layer session. An application may provide quality of service requirements to the service layer that comprises the lower layer network, which connects the device and another service layer device. An application may provide quality of service requirements to a service layer via a request, the service layer comprising a lower layer network, which connects the device and another service layer device. Quality of service requirements may include a minimum throughput threshold for end-to-end service layer sessions. Quality of service requirements may include a minimum reachability schedule for end-to-end service layer sessions or a minimum jitter threshold for end-to-end service layer sessions. The quality of service requirements may include a minimum error rate threshold for end-to-end service layer sessions or a minimum latency threshold for end-to-end service layer sessions. Quality of service requirements may include a minimum security level threshold for end-to-end service layer sessions. All combinations in this paragraph (including removal or addition of steps) are envisaged in a manner consistent with the rest of the detailed description.

Claims (14)

The service layer device, the service layer device,
A processor;
And a memory coupled to the processor,
The memory comprises executable instructions that are executed by a processor;
Determining end-to-end quality of service requirements for the application;
Transferring a request for an end-to-end service layer session to be established, said request comprising a determined end-to-end quality of service requirement for said application, said application comprising said quality of service requirement was provided to the service layer which constitutes one or more underlying application protocol and one or more lower layer network, the one or more underlying application protocol and one or more of the underlying network, the service layer device and another service layer Connecting the device,
Receiving a message confirming establishment of the end-to-end service layer session with a remote device;
Responsive to receiving a message confirming establishment of an end-to-end service layer session with the remote device, communicating with the end-to-end service layer session using the processor. ,
The message includes a service session ID that identifies the established end-to-end service layer session, the service session ID assigned in response to receiving a request for the end-to-end service layer session to be established. An apparatus that is an ID common to the one or more lower layer application protocols and one or more lower layer networks.   The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum throughput threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.   The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum reachability schedule for the end-to-end service layer session.   The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum error rate threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.   The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the quality of service requirement comprises a minimum security level threshold for the end-to-end service layer session.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one or more lower layer networks include at least two types of lower layer networks, and the end-to-end service layer session is configured to be multi-hopped.   The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least two types of lower layer networks include 3GPP and Wi-Fi. A method, the method comprising:
Determining end-to-end quality of service requirements for service layer device applications;
Sending a request for an end-to-end service layer session to be established, said request comprising a determined end-to-end quality of service requirement for said application, said application comprising said quality of service requirement To one or a plurality of lower layer application protocols and a service layer constituting one or a plurality of lower layer networks, and the one or more lower layer application protocols and the one or more lower layer networks connect a service layer device and a remote device. To do,
Receiving a message confirming establishment of the end-to-end service layer session between the service layer device and a remote device;
Communicating using the end-to-end service layer session in response to receiving a message confirming establishment of an end-to-end service layer session with the remote device; and
The message includes a service session ID that identifies the established end-to-end service layer session, the service session ID assigned in response to receiving a request for the end-to-end service layer session to be established. The method is an ID common to the one or more lower layer application protocols and one or more lower layer networks.   9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the one or more lower layer networks include at least two types of lower layer networks, and the end-to-end service layer session is configured to be multi-hopped.   The method of claim 9, wherein the at least two types of lower layer networks include 3GPP and Wi-Fi.   A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program can be loaded into a data processing unit, and the computer program is activated by the data processing unit. A computer readable storage medium adapted to cause the data processing unit to perform the steps of the method according to any one of 10. The service layer device, the service layer device,
A processor;
And a memory coupled to the processor,
The memory comprises executable instructions that are executed by a processor;
Receiving a request for an end-to-end service layer session for an application to be established, wherein the request comprises an end-to-end quality of service requirement for the application; The requirement is provided to one or more lower layer application protocols and a service layer constituting one or more lower layer networks, and the one or more lower layer application protocols and the one or more lower layer networks are different from the service layer device. Connecting the layer device,
Sending a message confirming the establishment of the end-to-end service layer session with a remote device;
Communicating with the end-to-end service layer session after sending a message confirming the establishment of the end-to-end service layer session, causing the processor to achieve operations comprising:
The message includes a service session ID that identifies the established end-to-end service layer session, the service session ID assigned in response to receiving a request for the end-to-end service layer session to be established. An apparatus that is an ID common to the one or more lower layer application protocols and one or more lower layer networks.   The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the one or more lower layer networks include at least two types of lower layer networks, and the end-to-end service layer session is configured to be multi-hopped.   The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least two types of lower layer networks include 3GPP and Wi-Fi.