JP6589792B2 - Battery replacement system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery replacement system used when replacing an in-vehicle secondary battery with a used secondary battery.

  In recent years, electric vehicles such as an electric vehicle using a motor as a drive source and a hybrid vehicle using a motor and an engine as a drive source are often used. These electric vehicles are equipped with a rechargeable secondary battery that supplies electric power to the motor and charges the generated electric power when the motor is operated as a generator. The secondary battery is, for example, a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery. A secondary battery mounted on an electric vehicle is often mounted in the form of an assembled battery. The assembled battery is, for example, a battery configured by combining a plurality of battery modules including a plurality of battery cells. Hereinafter, this assembled battery is referred to as a secondary battery.

  A secondary battery deteriorates by repeated charging and discharging, and when the degree of deterioration increases, battery replacement may be required. In addition, when the secondary battery fails, the battery needs to be replaced. When replacing a secondary battery (assembled battery) with a new battery (assembled battery), in addition to the option of replacing it with a new secondary battery, it is used as a used secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as a used secondary battery). There is an option to exchange.

  Used secondary batteries are roughly classified into reuse batteries and rebuilt batteries. A reuse battery is a secondary battery previously used in another electric vehicle. A rebuilt battery is, for example, a battery cell or a battery module that can be reused from a plurality of assembled batteries, and these are collected to form a new assembled battery.

  Since a used secondary battery is a battery that has been used and has been deteriorated, the degree of deterioration is examined to determine whether it can be used as a battery after replacement. Only used secondary batteries that are determined to be usable are sold as replacement batteries.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery (assembled battery) using an open-circuit voltage value, an internal resistance value, and a full charge capacity value of each of a plurality of battery modules constituting the secondary battery (assembled battery). A method for determining the degree of deterioration (deterioration state) is disclosed.

JP 2014-20818 A

  By the way, only used secondary batteries that have not deteriorated (the degree of deterioration is low) are replacement batteries so that a certain period of use can be obtained even for users who deteriorate the secondary batteries at an early stage. It is sold as. The user who deteriorates the secondary battery at an early stage is, for example, a user who frequently uses the secondary battery at a high temperature. This is because the secondary battery deteriorates more frequently as it is used at higher temperatures.

  Therefore, there are few used secondary batteries that can be sold as replacement batteries, that is, the yield is poor, leading to an increase in the price of used secondary batteries. In the case of a rebuilt battery, only battery cells and battery modules having a low degree of deterioration are reused for rebuilt batteries, and there are many battery cells and battery modules that are not reused.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a used secondary battery that has been deteriorated (having a high degree of deterioration) as a replacement battery.

  The battery replacement system of the present invention is a battery replacement for setting an input / output limit value of the used secondary battery after replacement in the vehicle when the secondary battery mounted on the vehicle is replaced with a used secondary battery. The input / output limit value is a system based on a battery rank indicating a degree of deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement and a distribution of battery temperatures of the secondary battery before replacement obtained in the vehicle. Is determined based on the battery rank and the SOC distribution of the secondary battery before replacement obtained in the vehicle. A setting unit that determines an input / output restriction start SOC that is an SOC that should start input / output restriction among the input output restriction values, a setting that sets the input / output restriction start temperature and the input / output restriction start SOC in the vehicle. And the Obtain, characterized in that.

  According to the present invention, the used secondary battery after replacement and the input / output limit value of the used secondary battery optimal for the user of the vehicle are set, so even if the used secondary battery has deteriorated, It can be used in a vehicle. That is, even a used secondary battery that has been deteriorated can be provided as a replacement battery.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the battery replacement system in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the input / output restriction | limiting of a secondary battery according to battery temperature Tb in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the input / output restriction | limiting of the secondary battery according to SOC in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of Tb frequency data in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of SOC frequency data in embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the flow of the process which the setting apparatus in embodiment of this invention performs. It is a figure which shows an example of the input-output restriction | limiting of a used secondary battery according to battery temperature Tb in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the input / output restriction | limiting of a used secondary battery according to SOC in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the standard Winout limit value of each used secondary battery in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the Winout limit value of each used secondary battery in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the information of each used secondary battery shown to the user in embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of the battery exchange system 10 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the battery replacement system 10 includes a vehicle 12 and a setting device 14. In the battery exchange system 10 of the present embodiment, a secondary battery 16 mounted on an electric vehicle (hereinafter simply referred to as a vehicle 12) such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle fails, and the secondary battery 16 is used as a used secondary battery. This is a system for setting the input / output limit value of the used secondary battery after the replacement from the setting device 14 to the vehicle 12 when replacing the used secondary battery. The setting device 14 is a device that is connected to the vehicle 12 at the time of battery replacement.

  First, the vehicle 12 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle 12 includes a secondary battery 16, an inverter 28, a motor generator 30, and a control unit 20. The secondary battery 16 is, for example, a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery. The secondary battery 16 of this embodiment is an assembled battery, and is configured with a plurality of battery modules 18 electrically connected in series. Moreover, although not shown in figure, each battery module 18 is comprised from the some battery cell.

  The secondary battery 16 is connected to the inverter 28 via a positive electrode line 32 and a negative electrode line 34. Inverter 28 converts the DC power of secondary battery 16 into AC power and drives motor generator 30 for driving the vehicle. The AC power generated by the motor generator 30 is converted into DC power by the inverter 28 and charged to the secondary battery 16. In this embodiment, the power (output power) output from the secondary battery 16 to the inverter 28 is Wout, the power (input power) input from the inverter 28 to the secondary battery 16 is Win, and the input power and output power. The input / output power combined with is indicated as Winout.

  The control unit 20 includes a microprocessor and controls the inverter 28 by executing a control program 40 stored in the storage unit 36. By controlling the inverter 28, Wout from the secondary battery 16 to the inverter 28 and Win from the inverter 28 to the secondary battery 16 are controlled.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle 12 includes a temperature sensor 26 for detecting the battery temperature Tb of the secondary battery 16, a voltage sensor 24 for detecting the terminal voltage Vb of the secondary battery 16, and two A current sensor 22 for detecting the current Ib flowing through the secondary battery 16 is provided, and each detected value is output to the control unit 20.

  The secondary battery 16 deteriorates as the battery temperature Tb increases. In order to reduce the deterioration, the control unit 20 controls the inverter 28 to limit the Winout of the secondary battery 16 when the battery temperature Tb detected by the temperature sensor 26 becomes high. FIG. 2 is a graph showing input / output power (Win and Wout) of the secondary battery 16 according to the battery temperature Tb. In FIG. 2, Win is indicated by a one-dot chain line and Wout is indicated by a solid line, and this is the same in the drawings described below. As shown in FIG. 2, when the battery temperature Tb is equal to or higher than TRio, Win and Wout are reduced (restricted) to prevent the secondary battery 16 from progressing. In the present embodiment, this TRio is referred to as an input / output limit start temperature or a Winout limit start temperature. The Winout limit start temperature is one of the input / output limit values (hereinafter also referred to as “Winout limit value”) of the secondary battery 16, and is set in advance in the control program 40 in the storage unit 36. In the present embodiment, the Winout limit start temperature of the used secondary battery after replacement is adjusted according to the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement and the user of the vehicle 12. Details of this will be described later.

  The control unit 20 includes a voltage Vb between the terminals of the secondary battery 16 detected by the voltage sensor 24, a current Ib flowing through the secondary battery 16 detected by the current sensor 22, and a battery temperature Tb detected by the temperature sensor 26. Then, the SOC (State Of Charge) of the secondary battery 16 is calculated. The SOC indicates the ratio of the current charge capacity (charged state) to the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 16.

  Here, an example of an SOC calculation method will be described. The inter-terminal voltage Vb detected by the voltage sensor 24 is a closed circuit voltage CCV (Close Circuit Voltage). First, the open circuit voltage OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) is calculated by subtracting the voltage drop to the internal resistance value R of the secondary battery 16 from the closed circuit voltage CCV (terminal voltage Vb). The voltage drop to the internal resistance value R can be obtained by the product (Ib × R) of the current Ib detected by the current sensor 22 and the internal resistance value R. However, since the internal resistance value R depends on the battery temperature Tb, the internal resistance value R is corrected by the battery temperature Tb when the voltage drop to the internal resistance value R is obtained. After obtaining the open circuit voltage OCV, the SOC is obtained from the open circuit voltage OCV. Specifically, the correspondence relationship between the open circuit voltage OCV and the SOC is stored in advance in the storage unit 36 as an OCV-SOC map, and the SOC corresponding to the open circuit voltage OCV is acquired using the map.

  When the secondary battery 16 is in a high SOC state, the deterioration proceeds. In order to reduce the deterioration, the control unit 20 controls the inverter 28 to limit the Win of the secondary battery 16 when the SOC becomes high. Further, when the secondary battery 16 is in a low SOC state, the deterioration proceeds. In order to reduce the deterioration, the control unit 20 controls the inverter 28 to limit Wout of the secondary battery 16 when the SOC becomes low. FIG. 3 is a graph showing input / output power (Win and Wout) of the secondary battery 16 according to the SOC. As shown in FIG. 3, when the SOC becomes higher than SRi, Win is reduced (restricted) to prevent the deterioration of the secondary battery 16. Further, when the SOC becomes equal to or less than SRo, Wout is reduced (restricted) to prevent the secondary battery 16 from deteriorating. In the present embodiment, this SRi is referred to as an input restriction start SOC or a Win restriction start SOC, and this SRo is referred to as an output restriction start SOC or a Wout restriction start SOC. The Win limit start SOC is one of the Winout limit values of the secondary battery 16. Further, the Wout limit start SOC is also one of the Winout limit values of the secondary battery 16. These are set in advance in the control program 40 in the storage unit 36. In the present embodiment, the Win limit start SOC and the Wout limit start SOC of the used secondary battery after replacement are adjusted according to the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement and the user of the vehicle 12. To do. Details of this will be described later. In the present embodiment, the input restriction start SOC (Win restriction start SOC) and the output restriction start SOC (Wout restriction start SOC) are collectively referred to as an input / output restriction start SOC (Winout restriction start SOC).

  The control unit 20 of the vehicle 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 acquires the battery temperature Tb at a constant time interval t1, and generates Tb frequency data 42. The Tb frequency data 42 is data used to determine the Winout limit start temperature of a used secondary battery, which will be described later. The Tb frequency data 42 includes each battery temperature Tb (for example, 20 ° C., 21 ° C., 22 ° C., etc.) or each of the battery temperatures Tb having a predetermined width (for example, 20 ° C. to 22 ° C., 23 ° C. to 25 ° C.). This is data indicating how many times (frequency) the battery temperature Tb belonging to. That is, the Tb frequency data 42 is data in which each Tj is associated with a frequency when each battery temperature Tb or each battery temperature Tb having a predetermined width is Tj (j = 1 to n). . In other words, the Tb frequency data 42 is a distribution of the battery temperature Tb of the secondary battery 16 before replacement. FIG. 4 shows an example of the Tb frequency data 42 generated based on the battery temperature Tb acquired within a predetermined period in a histogram. The control unit 20 stores the Tb frequency data 42 in the storage unit 36 and updates the Tb frequency data 42 in the storage unit 36 every time the battery temperature Tb is acquired.

  Although details will be described later, in this embodiment, using the Tb frequency data 42, the user of the vehicle 12 is a user who frequently has a high battery temperature Tb (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast). As a result, the Winout limit start temperature of the used secondary battery is determined to be low (strictly limited) so that the deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement does not progress further.

  In addition, the control unit 20 acquires the SOC at a constant time interval t <b> 2 and generates the SOC frequency data 44. The SOC frequency data 44 is data used to determine a Win limit start SOC and a Wout limit start SOC of a used secondary battery, which will be described later. The SOC frequency data 44 includes each SOC (for example, 50%, 51%, 52%, etc.) or each of the SOCs having a predetermined width (for example, 50% -52%, 53% -55%, etc.). This is data indicating how many times (frequency) the SOC belonging to the frequency of occurrence. That is, the SOC frequency data 44 is data that associates each Sj with the frequency when each SOC or each SOC of a predetermined width is Sj (j = 1 to n). In other words, the SOC frequency data 44 is the SOC distribution of the secondary battery 16 before replacement. FIG. 5 shows an example of the SOC frequency data 44 generated based on the SOC acquired within a predetermined period as a histogram. The control unit 20 stores the SOC frequency data 44 in the storage unit 36, and updates the SOC frequency data 44 in the storage unit 36 every time the SOC is acquired.

  Although details will be described later, in the present embodiment, the SOC frequency data 44 is used so that the user of the vehicle 12 is a user who has a high frequency of high SOC (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast). In order to prevent further deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement, the Win limit start SOC of the used secondary battery is determined to be low (strict limit). Further, using the SOC frequency data 44, the used secondary battery after replacement is deteriorated as the user of the vehicle 12 is a user whose SOC is low in frequency (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast). Therefore, the Wout limit start SOC of the used secondary battery is determined to be high (strict limit). The battery temperature Tb and the SOC are usually acquired when the main switch of the vehicle 12 is on.

  Next, the setting device 14 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. As described above, the setting device 14 is a device that is connected to the vehicle 12 when the secondary battery 16 of the vehicle 12 is replaced with a used secondary battery. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the setting device 14 includes a control unit 50, a storage unit 52, a display unit 54, and an operation unit 56.

  The control unit 50 includes a microprocessor, and functions as a Winout limit value determining unit 60 and a Winout limit value setting unit 62, which will be described later, by executing a program stored in the storage unit 52. The storage unit 52 is a ROM, RAM, hard disk, flash memory, or the like, and stores a program executed by the control unit 50 and a reference winout limit value, which will be described later. The display unit 54 is a display and displays various screens. The operation unit 56 is an operation button or the like for operating the setting device 14.

  The setting device 14 is provided with an input / output I / F 58 for communicating with the vehicle 12. Similarly, the vehicle 12 is provided with an input / output I / F 38 for communicating with the setting device 14. . Communication is performed between the vehicle 12 and the setting device 14 by connecting the vehicle 12 and the setting device 14 by wire or wireless using these.

  Next, processing performed by the setting device 14 when the secondary battery 16 of the vehicle 12 is replaced with a used secondary battery will be described. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of processing performed by the setting device 14 in the present embodiment when the secondary battery 16 of the vehicle 12 is replaced with a used secondary battery. The process described below is performed in a state where the setting device 14 is connected to the vehicle 12.

  As shown in FIG. 6, first, in S <b> 100, the control unit 50 of the setting device 14 reads the Tb frequency data 42 stored in the storage unit 36 of the vehicle 12. In S <b> 102, the control unit 50 reads the SOC frequency data 44 stored in the storage unit 36 of the vehicle 12.

  Next, in S <b> 104, the Winout limit value determination unit 60 of the control unit 50 determines the Winout limit start temperature of the used secondary battery based on the Tb frequency data 42. In the present embodiment, three used secondary batteries No. 1 which are candidates for batteries (exchanged batteries) to be newly mounted on the vehicle 12 are used. 1-No. Each of the three winout limit start temperatures is determined.

  In addition, the used secondary battery in this embodiment is a reuse battery or a rebuilt battery. A reuse battery is a secondary battery previously used in another electric vehicle. A rebuilt battery is, for example, a battery cell or a battery module that can be reused from a plurality of assembled batteries, and these are collected to form a new assembled battery.

  Here, a method for determining the Winout limit start temperature of each used secondary battery will be described. The storage unit 52 of the setting device 14 stores in advance a standard Winout limit start temperature (hereinafter referred to as a standard Winout limit start temperature) for each used secondary battery. In the present embodiment, this reference winout restriction start temperature is also referred to as a reference input / output restriction start temperature. In the present embodiment, the reference winout limit start temperature, a reference win limit start SOC, and a reference winout limit SOC, which will be described later, are collectively referred to as a reference winout limit value (reference input / output limit value).

  The reference winout limit start temperature is determined based on the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery. Basically, the used secondary battery having a higher degree of deterioration has a lower reference winout limit start temperature ( (Strict restrictions are determined). In FIG. 9, each used secondary battery No. 1-No. An example of 3 reference winout limit start temperatures is shown. When there is a relationship of the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery as shown in FIG. 9 (battery rank relationship), the reference Winout restriction start temperature is determined to be “Tbio1> Tbio2> Tbio3”.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of input / output power (Win and Wout) of the used secondary battery according to the battery temperature Tb when the reference Winout limit start temperature (Tbio) is set to the Winout limit start temperature. . In the present embodiment, the user of the vehicle 12 frequently uses the Tb frequency data 42 with the reference Winout restriction start temperature (Tbio) as a reference (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16). As the user is faster, the Winout limit start temperature of the used secondary battery is lowered (strictly limited) so that deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement does not progress further. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, an amount K1 for lowering the Winout limit start temperature from the reference Winout limit start temperature (Tbio) is obtained based on the Tb frequency data 42, and the Winout limit corresponding to the user of the vehicle 12 is obtained. Determine the starting temperature (Tio).

The amount K1 for lowering the Winout restriction start temperature can be obtained, for example, as follows. The deterioration coefficient Dj (j of the secondary battery 16 associated with each battery temperature Tb of the Tb frequency data 42 (see FIG. 4) or Tj (j = 1 to n) which is each of the battery temperatures Tb having a predetermined width. = 1 to n) is stored in the storage unit 52 in advance. The degradation coefficient Dj has a larger value as the coefficient associated with Tj of the higher battery temperature Tb. Then, using the frequency Ftj (j = 1 to n) associated with Tj (j = 1 to n), which is the Tb frequency data 42, and the deterioration coefficient Dj (j = 1 to n), the following ( The total degradation amount DT is obtained by the equation (1).

  Then, K1 is determined so that the amount K1 that lowers the Winout restriction start temperature increases as the total deterioration amount DT increases. As a result, the more frequently the battery temperature Tb becomes higher and the faster the degradation progress of the secondary battery 16 is, the larger K1 becomes and the Winout limit start temperature (Tio) becomes lower.

  In FIG. 10, each used secondary battery No. 1-No. An example of 3 Winout limit start temperatures is shown. As shown in FIG. 1-No. 3 winout limit start temperatures Tio1 to Tio3 are obtained by subtracting K1 from the standard winout limit start temperatures Tbio1 to Tbio3 of each used secondary battery.

  Returning to FIG. 6, the description of the processing of the setting device 14 is continued. After determining the Winout limit start temperature of each used secondary battery in S104 of FIG. 6, the process proceeds to S106. In S <b> 106, the Winout limit value determination unit 60 of the control unit 50 determines the Win limit start SOC of each used secondary battery based on the SOC frequency data 44.

  Here, a method for determining the Win restriction start SOC of each used secondary battery will be described. The storage unit 52 of the setting device 14 stores in advance a reference Win limit start SOC (hereinafter referred to as a reference Win limit start SOC) of each used secondary battery. In the present embodiment, this reference Win restriction start SOC is also referred to as a reference input restriction start SOC. In the present embodiment, this reference Win limit start SOC and a reference Wout limit start SOC described later are collectively referred to as a reference Winout limit start SOC (reference input / output limit start SOC).

  This reference Win restriction start SOC is determined based on the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery. Basically, the used secondary battery having a higher degree of deterioration has a lower reference Win restriction start SOC ( (Strict restrictions are determined). In FIG. 9, each used secondary battery No. 1-No. An example of 3 reference Win limit start SOCs is shown. When there is a relationship of the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery as shown in FIG. 9 (battery rank relationship), the reference Win restriction start SOC is determined to be “Sbi1> Sbi2> Sbi3”.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of the input power (Win) of the used secondary battery according to the SOC when the reference Win restriction start SOC (Sbi) is set as the Win restriction start SOC. In the present embodiment, using the SOC frequency data 44 based on the reference Win restriction start SOC (Sbi), the user of the vehicle 12 frequently has a high SOC (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast). ) Lower the Win limit start SOC of the used secondary battery so that the deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement does not progress more as the user is (strictly limit). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, an amount K2 for lowering the Win limit start SOC from the reference Win limit start SOC (Sbi) is obtained based on the SOC frequency data 44, and the Win limit corresponding to the user of the vehicle 12 is obtained. Determine the starting SOC (Si).

  The amount K2 for lowering the Win limit start SOC can be determined as follows, for example. First, the sum of the frequencies Fsj (j = 1 to n) associated with each SOC of the SOC frequency data 44 (see FIG. 5) or Sj (j = 1 to n) that is each SOC of a predetermined width. (Hereinafter referred to as FT). Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the sum of the SOC frequencies equal to or higher than SH (predetermined SOC) (hereinafter referred to as FHT) is obtained. Then, by dividing (dividing) FHT by FT, an SOC high state usage rate (SHR) indicating a ratio of the SOC being used in a high state is obtained. Then, K2 is determined so that the amount K2 for lowering the Win limit start SOC increases as the SOC high state usage rate (SHR) increases. Thereby, K2 becomes large and Win restriction start SOC (Si) becomes low, so that it is a user whose SOC is high in frequency and the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast.

  In FIG. 1-No. An example of 3 Win limit start SOCs is shown. As shown in FIG. 1-No. 3 Win restriction start SOC (Si1-Si3) is obtained by subtracting K2 from the standard Win restriction start SOC (Sbi1-Sbi3) of each used secondary battery.

  Returning to FIG. 6 again, the description of the processing of the setting device 14 is continued. After determining the Win restriction start SOC of each used secondary battery in S106 of FIG. 6, the process proceeds to S108. In S108, the Winout limit value determination unit 60 of the control unit 50 determines the Wout limit start SOC of each used secondary battery based on the SOC frequency data 44.

  The method for determining the Wout limit start SOC of each used secondary battery is the same as the method for determining the Win limit start SOC described above. The storage unit 52 of the setting device 14 stores in advance a reference Wout limit start SOC (hereinafter referred to as a reference Wout limit start SOC) of each used secondary battery. In the present embodiment, this reference Wout restriction start SOC is also referred to as a reference output restriction start SOC.

  This reference Wout restriction start SOC is determined based on the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery. Basically, a used secondary battery having a higher degree of deterioration has a higher reference Wout restriction start SOC ( (Strict restrictions are determined). In FIG. 9, each used secondary battery No. 1-No. An example of 3 reference Wout restriction start SOCs is shown. When there is a relationship of the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery as shown in FIG. 9 (battery rank relationship), the reference Wout restriction start SOC is determined to be “Sbo1 <Sbo2 <Sbo3”.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of the output power (Wout) of the used secondary battery according to the SOC when the reference Wout limit start SOC (Sbo) is the Wout limit start SOC. In the present embodiment, using the SOC frequency data 44 on the basis of the reference Wout restriction start SOC (Sbo), the user of the vehicle 12 frequently has a low SOC state (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast). ) Increase the Wout limit start SOC of the used secondary battery (strictly limit) so that the deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement does not progress as the user is more. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, an amount K3 for increasing the Wout restriction start SOC from the reference Wout restriction start SOC (Sbo) is obtained based on the SOC frequency data 44, and the Wout restriction corresponding to the user of the vehicle 12 is obtained. Determine the starting SOC (So).

  The amount K3 for increasing the Wout limit start SOC can be obtained as follows, for example, as in the case of the amount K2 for decreasing the Win limit start SOC. First, the sum of the frequencies Fsj (j = 1 to n) associated with each SOC of the SOC frequency data 44 (see FIG. 5) or Sj (j = 1 to n) that is each SOC of a predetermined width. (FT) is obtained. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the sum of the SOC frequencies below SL (predetermined SOC) (hereinafter referred to as FLT) is obtained. Then, by dividing (dividing) the FLT by the FT, the SOC low state usage rate (SLR) indicating the ratio of the SOC being used in a low state is obtained. Then, K3 is determined so that the amount K3 for increasing the Wout restriction start SOC increases as the SOC low state usage rate (SLR) increases. Thereby, K3 becomes large and Wout restriction start SOC (So) becomes high, so that the user whose SOC is low and the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast is a user.

  In FIG. 1-No. An example of a Wout limit start SOC of 3 is shown. As shown in FIG. 1-No. 3 Wout restriction start SOC (So1-So3) is obtained by adding K3 to the reference Wout restriction start SOC (Sbo1-Sbo3) of each used secondary battery.

  Returning to FIG. 6 again, the description of the processing of the setting device 14 is continued. After determining the Wout restriction start SOC of each used secondary battery in S108 of FIG. 6, the process proceeds to S110. In S <b> 110, the control unit 50 displays a used secondary battery selection screen on the display unit 54. In the present embodiment, three used secondary battery Nos. 1-No. 3, a screen for selecting a used secondary battery (one) to be newly mounted on the vehicle 12 is displayed. In step S <b> 112, the control unit 50 receives selection of a used secondary battery via the operation unit 56.

  At this time, the user of the vehicle 12 determines which used secondary battery is selected. 11 shows each used secondary battery No. presented to the user when the user selects the used secondary battery. 1-No. It is a figure which shows an example of the information of 3. As shown in FIG. 11, the user of the vehicle 12 provides information such as a battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery, replacement costs, and comments (comments such as driving performance assumed when the batteries are replaced). Rely on which used secondary battery to decide. The contents of the “comment” shown in FIG. 11 can be changed based on the Winout limit values (Winout limit start temperature, Win limit start SOC, and Wout limit start SOC) determined for each used secondary battery. The lower the Winout limit start temperature and the Win limit start SOC, and the higher the Wout limit start SOC, the more limited the input / output of the used secondary battery, so the acceleration performance and fuel consumption of the vehicle 12 deteriorate. Therefore, the “comment” shown in FIG. 11 can indicate, for example, an assumed acceleration performance or fuel consumption state according to the degree of the Winout limit value. In addition, the “comment” illustrated in FIG. 11 may indicate a travelable distance and a travelable time assumed for the used secondary battery after replacement based on the Winout limit value. With such information, the user can determine a used secondary battery that meets his needs.

  The information presented to the user is generated in the tablet or the like by transferring the Winout limit value from the setting device 14 to the tablet or notebook PC (personal computer) or the like (hereinafter referred to as a tablet or the like), for example. be able to. Information can be presented to the user on the screen of the tablet or the like. Alternatively, information generated on a tablet or the like may be printed on a paper medium and presented to the user. Alternatively, instead of transferring the Winout limit value to a tablet or the like, information to be presented to the user in the setting device 14 may be generated and presented to the user using the display unit 54 of the setting device 14. Further, the above-mentioned “comment” may be automatically generated by the setting device 14 or a tablet based on the Winout limit value, or may be manually created by a worker or the like.

  After accepting the selection of the used secondary battery in S112 of FIG. 6, the process proceeds to S114. In S114, the winout limit value setting unit 62 of the control unit 50 sets the winout limit values (winout limit start temperature, win limit start SOC, winout limit start SOC) of the selected used secondary battery in the vehicle 12. Specifically, the Winout limit value is set in the control program 40 in the storage unit 36 of the vehicle 12.

  The above is the process performed by the setting device 14. In the present embodiment, after the processing described above, the secondary battery 16 of the vehicle 12 is replaced with the selected used secondary battery.

  The battery replacement system 10 of the present embodiment described above includes the reference Winout limit start temperature according to the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement, and the secondary battery 16 before replacement acquired in the vehicle 12. The input / output restriction start temperature (Winout restriction start temperature), which is the temperature at which the input / output restriction should be started, was determined based on the battery temperature Tb distribution (Tb frequency data 42). In addition, the reference winout limit start SOC (reference win limit start SOC and reference win limit start SOC) according to the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement, and the pre-replacement acquired in the vehicle 12 Based on the SOC distribution (SOC frequency data 44) of the secondary battery 16, the input / output restriction start SOC (Win restriction start SOC and Wout restriction start SOC), which is the SOC to start the input / output restriction, is determined. . Then, the determined input / output restriction start temperature (Winout restriction start temperature) and the input / output restriction start SOC (Win restriction start SOC and Wout restriction start SOC) are set in the vehicle 12.

  Therefore, according to the battery exchange system 10 of the present embodiment, the battery rank of the used secondary battery after replacement and the input / output limit value (Winout limit value) of the used secondary battery optimum for the user of the vehicle 12 are set. Is done. Therefore, even a used secondary battery that has deteriorated (has a high degree of deterioration) can be used in the vehicle 12. This increases the range of used secondary batteries that can be sold as replacement batteries, increases the number of used secondary batteries that can be reused, and improves the yield of used secondary batteries.

  Conventionally, in a rebuilt battery which is one of used secondary batteries, battery cells and battery modules having a relatively high degree of deterioration have not been used. However, if the battery replacement system 10 according to the present embodiment is used, even a rebuilt battery that has been deteriorated can be used in the vehicle 12. Therefore, many of such battery cells and battery modules are rebuilt batteries. Will be available to you.

  Moreover, according to the battery exchange system 10 of this embodiment demonstrated above, even if it is the same used secondary battery, for example, the battery temperature Tb has high frequency (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is fast). ) The Winout limit start temperature changes between the user and the user whose battery temperature Tb is low in frequency (the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 is slow). Similarly, the Win limit start SOC and the Wout limit start SOC vary depending on the user. Thereby, even if the user who has a slow deterioration degree of the secondary battery 16 selects a used secondary battery having a high degree of deterioration, the user can use the secondary battery 16 in a state where the limit of the Winout limit value is loose. That is, even when a used secondary battery having a high degree of deterioration is selected, deterioration of acceleration performance and fuel consumption of the vehicle 12 can be suppressed.

  In the battery replacement system 10 of the embodiment described above, three used secondary batteries No. 1 which are candidates for batteries (exchanged batteries) to be newly installed in the vehicle 12 are used. 1-No. The Winout limit value for each of the three was determined. However, even in the embodiment in which a battery (battery after replacement) to be newly installed in the vehicle 12 is selected in advance, and the winout limit value is determined for only one selected used secondary battery. good.

  Further, in the battery exchange system 10 of the embodiment described above, three of the Winout limit start temperature, the Win limit start SOC, and the Wout limit start SOC are determined as the Winout limit value and set in the vehicle 12. However, an embodiment in which one or two of these are determined and set in the vehicle 12 may be used. In that case, the Winout limit value is determined using only the Tb frequency data 42, only the SOC frequency data 44, or both the Tb frequency data 42 and the SOC frequency data 44 as necessary.

  In the battery exchange system 10 of the embodiment described above, the reference winout limit value stored in advance in the storage unit 52 is lower for the used secondary battery having a higher degree of deterioration, so that the reference winout limit start temperature is lower. The SOC was low and the reference Wout limit SOC was high. For example, when there is a relationship of the degree of deterioration of each used secondary battery as shown in FIG. 9 (battery rank relationship), the reference Winout limit start temperature is “Tbio1> Tbio2> Tbio3”, and the reference Win limit start SOC is “Sbi1> Sbi2> Sbi3” and the reference Wout restriction start SOC was “Sbo1 <Sbo2 <Sbo3”. However, of the three reference winout limit values, only one or two reference winout limit values have the above-described height relationship, and the other reference winout limit values have different degrees of deterioration (different battery ranks). In the secondary battery, the same value may be set. For example, the reference Winout limit start temperature is set to “Tbio1> Tbio2> Tbio3”, the reference Win limit start SOC is set to “Sbi1 = Sbi2 = Sbi3”, and the reference Wout limit start SOC is set to “Sbo1 = Sbo2 = Sbo3”. Also good.

  In the battery exchange system 10 of the embodiment described above, the Tb frequency data 42 and the SOC frequency data 44 stored in the storage unit 36 in the vehicle 12 are read out to another setting device 14 and input in the setting device 14. The output limit value (Winout limit value) was determined, and the input / output limit value of the used secondary battery after replacement in the vehicle 12 was set. However, the function of the setting device 14 is provided in the control unit 20 on the vehicle 12 side, and the input / output of the used secondary battery can be performed only by selecting the used secondary battery or receiving the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of the used secondary battery. A limit value may be set.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Battery exchange system, 12 Vehicle, 14 Setting apparatus, 16 Secondary battery, 18 Battery module, 20 Control part, 22 Current sensor, 24 Voltage sensor, 26 Temperature sensor, 28 Inverter, 30 Motor generator, 32 Positive electrode line, 34 Negative electrode Line, 36 storage unit, 38 input / output I / F, 40 control program, 42 Tb frequency data, 44 SOC frequency data, 50 control unit, 52 storage unit, 54 display unit, 56 operation unit, 60 Winout limit value determination unit, 62 Winout limit value setting unit, 64 reference Winout limit value.

Claims (1)

A battery exchange system for setting an input / output limit value of the used secondary battery after replacement when the secondary battery mounted on the vehicle is replaced with a used secondary battery,
Based on the battery rank indicating the degree of deterioration of the used secondary battery after replacement and the distribution of the battery temperature of the secondary battery before replacement obtained in the vehicle, the input / output limit among the input / output limit values. The input / output limit start temperature, which is the temperature at which the battery should be started, is determined, and the input / output limit value of the input / output limit value A determination unit for determining an input / output restriction start SOC that is an SOC to start the input / output restriction
A setting unit for setting the input / output restriction start temperature and the input / output restriction start SOC in the vehicle;
A battery exchange system characterized by that.

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