JP6567014B2 - Discharge battery discharge treatment method and waste battery discharge treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a discharge treatment method for a waste battery and a discharge treatment apparatus for a waste battery.

  Secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries are used in many products including electric vehicles and power storage. In the future, it will be used for more products and a large number of batteries are expected to be disposed of. As a secondary battery disposal method, the first method is to disassemble the secondary battery to be discarded and recycle it for each material, and the second method to recycle the secondary battery by firing the secondary battery as it is. And can be broadly divided. Secondary batteries are charged and discharged for use, so there are many cases where the amount of electricity remains at the time of disposal, and if the disposal method is performed as it is, the first method is an electric shock accident at the time of disassembly. There is a risk of a fire accident due to a short circuit in the treatment process, and in the second method, there is a risk of an electric shock accident when transporting the secondary battery to be discarded to the roasting furnace or a fire accident due to an unintended short circuit. Therefore, in view of safety, when the secondary battery is discarded, it is necessary to discharge in advance the amount of electricity remaining in the secondary battery.

  As a technique for efficiently discharging a secondary battery to be discarded, a discharge processing apparatus and a discharge processing method for a waste battery in which a plurality of discarded secondary batteries are discharged together in a series connection are known. In this type of conventional waste secondary battery discharge treatment apparatus and discharge treatment method, when some of the secondary secondary batteries have no residual electricity (or become relatively small) and become in a reversal state due to overdischarge, And the discharge of other discarded secondary batteries having a relatively large amount of remaining electricity is delayed.

Japanese Patent No. 4003689

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that when a plurality of waste unit batteries are discharged together in a state of being connected in series, even if some of the waste unit batteries are in a reversal state due to overdischarge, Another object of the present invention is to provide a waste battery discharge treatment method and a waste battery discharge treatment apparatus capable of continuously discharging other waste unit batteries that are not yet formed.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a discharge method for waste batteries, wherein a main circuit resistor is connected between a positive electrode at one end and a negative electrode at the other end of a plurality of waste unit batteries connected in series. A waste battery discharge treatment method for discharging a plurality of waste unit batteries by connecting a sub-circuit resistor and a switch in series between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of each waste unit battery, wherein the plurality of waste units In the normal discharge step of discharging the remaining amount of electricity of the plurality of waste unit batteries by flowing a discharge current generated by the electromotive force of the battery through the main circuit resistor, and during the normal discharge step, When a part of the waste unit battery is in a reversal state due to overdischarge, the sub-circuit resistance is connected by closing the switch connected to the waste unit potential in the reversal state, and the reversal state Disposal unit that is not And a discharge step during polarity reversal to discharge continuously the battery discharges the residual electric quantity of the plurality of waste unit batteries.

  Further, the discharge treatment apparatus for waste batteries according to the embodiment includes a main circuit resistor connected between a positive electrode at one end and a negative electrode at the other end of the plurality of waste unit batteries connected in series, and each of the plurality of waste unit batteries. A subcircuit switch that is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and is normally open; a subcircuit resistor that is connected in series with the subcircuit switch between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries; Based on the voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of each of the plurality of discarded unit batteries and the value of the voltage measured by the voltage measuring means, some of the plurality of discarded unit batteries are in a reversal state due to overdischarge. And a control unit that closes a switch connected to the discarded unit battery, and discharges the remaining amount of electricity of the plurality of discarded unit batteries. .

The whole figure which shows the discharge processing method (preparation stage) of the waste battery by 1st Embodiment. The whole figure which shows the discharge processing method (normal discharge process) of the waste battery by 1st Embodiment. The whole figure which shows the discharge processing method (at the time of reversal) of a waste battery. The graph which shows the change of each voltage and each electric current when not dealing with at the time of inversion in the discharge process of a waste battery. The whole figure which shows the discharge processing method (discharge process at the time of inversion) of the waste battery by 1st Embodiment. The graph which shows the change of each voltage and each electric current of the discharge processing method (discharge process at the time of inversion) of the waste battery by 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the mechanism in which a subcircuit resistance suppresses the reverse polarity voltage of the waste unit battery which reversed in the discharge processing method (discharge process at the time of reversal) of the waste battery by 1st Embodiment. The block diagram of the discharge processing apparatus of the waste battery by 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the discharge processing method and discharge processing apparatus of a waste battery by 2nd Embodiment. The graph which shows the change of each voltage in the discharge process of the waste battery by 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the mechanism in which a subcircuit resistance suppresses the reverse polarity voltage of the waste unit battery which reversed in the discharge process (discharge process at the time of a reversal) of the waste battery by 2nd Embodiment. The block diagram of the discharge processing apparatus of the waste battery by 2nd Embodiment.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a waste battery discharge treatment method and a waste battery discharge treatment apparatus according to embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, the discharge processing method for the waste battery according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, and the discharge processing apparatus for the waste battery will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a discharge processing method (preparation stage) for a discarded battery according to the first embodiment. A plurality of waste unit batteries that are no longer necessary and are disposed of are discharged together in series. In this embodiment, five disposal unit batteries 1 having a nominal electric capacity of 20 Ah to be discharged are mounted in a state of being connected in series. The disposal unit battery 1 is a lithium ion battery that is a secondary battery. A main circuit 2 having a main circuit resistor 3 and a main circuit switch 8 that are electrically connected in series between a positive electrode at one end and a negative electrode at the other end of five waste unit batteries 1 connected in series; Sub-circuit 4 having sub-circuit resistance 5 and sub-circuit switch 9 provided between each positive electrode and negative electrode, and short-circuit switch 6 electrically connected between each positive electrode and negative electrode of waste unit battery 1 And a short circuit 7 having In the main circuit 2, the main circuit resistor 3 is an electric resistance that discharges the remaining amount of electricity of all the waste unit batteries connected in series. The resistance value is determined based on the number of waste unit batteries 1 in series and the set discharge current value. decide. In this embodiment, it is 2.5Ω.

  Next, FIG. 2 is an overall view showing a discharge treatment method (ordinary discharge process) of the discarded battery according to the first embodiment. In order to start the discharge process of the remaining electricity amount of the waste unit battery 1, the main circuit switch 8 is closed and all the sub circuit switches 9 provided in the sub circuit 4 are opened. In the main circuit 2, the discharge current starts flowing from the positive electrode to the negative electrode of the waste unit battery and flows into the main circuit resistor 3. Since all the subcircuits 4 are in an open state, no current flows. In addition, the magnitude | size of the arrow which shows the electric current in a figure does not show the magnitude | size of an electric current.

  FIG. 3 is an overall view showing a discharge treatment method (at the time of reversal) of a discarded battery. When the discharge progresses in the state of FIG. 2, the waste unit battery 1 (battery (1)) with a relatively small amount of remaining electricity becomes zero or in a reversal state, the battery internal resistance increases, and the reverse charge is accelerated. To do. Since the reverse voltage of the battery (1) in this state becomes very large, the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery (battery (1)) that has been reversed if this state is left as it is is another waste unit. Since it cancels out with the voltage of the battery, the overall voltage becomes close to zero and the discharge current does not flow. Further, if a large reverse polarity voltage is continuously applied to the waste unit battery, it may lead to battery heat generation, expansion, and gas ejection, which is dangerous.

  In general, in a secondary battery, a minimum value of a discharge voltage at which discharge can be performed safely is determined, which is referred to as “discharge end voltage”. The end-of-discharge voltage is determined by the type of battery, such as a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery, and the state of discharging to a voltage lower than the end-of-discharge voltage is called “overdischarge” and causes a significant deterioration in battery performance. . In general lithium ion batteries, safety circuits are provided on the device side and battery side to prevent overdischarge. However, if overdischarge occurs, the positive electrode cobalt or negative electrode current collector Copper may elute and may not function as a secondary battery.

  In addition, when a plurality of batteries are connected in series and discharged, a battery with a relatively large amount of remaining electricity forcibly applies a discharge current to a battery with a relatively small amount of remaining electricity due to variations in the amount of remaining electricity of each battery. For this reason, a battery with a relatively small amount of remaining electricity is in an overdischarged state. As this overdischarge progresses, “inversion” will eventually occur. Inversion is a phenomenon in which the original potential relationship between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is reversed, and the battery voltage in the inversion state is 0 V or less (minus voltage). In a battery that is in a state of inversion, its internal resistance is greatly increased, and it becomes difficult for current to flow.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in each voltage and current in FIG. If the battery (1) is not dealt with even if it is in a reversal state, its internal resistance greatly increases, the current becomes extremely difficult to flow, the flow of the main circuit current is delayed, and the discharge does not proceed. The voltages of the batteries (1) to (5) do not reach around 0V, and the remaining electricity of each battery cannot be eliminated.

  FIG. 5 is an overall view showing a discharge treatment method (discharge process at the time of reversal) of the discarded battery according to the first embodiment. After the battery (1) is in the reversed state, the sub-circuit switch 9 corresponding to the reversed discarded unit battery is closed to deal with it. The waste unit battery 1 having a residual amount of electricity tries to force a discharge current to flow through the main circuit 2 but includes a sub circuit resistor 5 connected to the reversed waste unit battery (battery (1)). By being bypassed by the circuit 4, the reverse polarity voltage of the reversed discarded unit battery (battery (1)) is lowered, and the entire discharge is continued. That is, even when some of the discarded unit batteries are in a reversal state due to overdischarge, other discarded unit batteries that are not in the reversing state can be continuously discharged. Further, the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery that has been reversed by the discharge current being bypassed to the sub circuit 4 is lowered, and the risk of heat generation, expansion, and gas ejection of the battery is suppressed.

  The sub-circuit resistors 5 connected to the sub-circuits 4 are connected to the positive current bypass of the target waste unit battery when any one of the waste unit batteries 1 is reversed, in addition to the discharge of each waste unit battery 1. Play a role. In the sub circuit 4, sub circuit switches 9 are provided for each of the disposal unit batteries 1 so as to cope with various remaining electric energy balances.

  In addition, when the sub-circuit switch 9 is closed, the reverse unit voltage of the discarded unit battery 1 that has been reversed as described above is suppressed, but the magnitude and direction of the current in the battery is the same as when the sub-circuit switch 9 is closed. It depends on the type and performance of the reverse pole voltage and the disposal unit battery 1. For example, when the sub-circuit switch 9 is closed after the waste unit battery (lithium ion battery) is reversed and largely charged at the reverse polarity, the reversed waste unit battery is discharged according to the reverse voltage and the reverse voltage is lowered. Further, when the sub-circuit switch 9 is closed and the reverse voltage drops and the voltage is maintained without approaching 0V, the reversed discarded unit battery continues to be charged with the reverse polarity although it is weak.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in each voltage and current in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a mechanism in which the sub-circuit resistance suppresses the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery that has been reversed in FIG. 5. The sub-circuit switch 9 of the sub-circuit 4 connected to the disposal unit battery (battery (1)) that is in a reversal state in the disposal unit battery 1 is closed, and the other sub-circuit switches (batteries (2) to (4 )) Is left as it is. It can be seen that reverse charging of the battery (1) is suppressed and discharging is continued.

As the discharge proceeds, the electromotive force of the battery decreases and the internal resistance R _{S of the} battery increases. An electromotive force corresponding to the resistance value of the internal resistance R _S is generated and reverse polarity charging is performed (A in FIG. 6). If this state is left as it is, the reverse polarity voltage rises to a value close to zero by canceling the entire voltage. At this time, the discharge current I _{R ′} flows through the sub circuit resistor 5 by connecting the sub circuit resistor 5. The reverse voltage V _RS decreases to I _{R ′} × R _S (B in FIG. 6). Thereafter, as the discharge proceeds, the voltage of other waste unit batteries decreases, and when I _{R ′} decreases accordingly, the reverse voltage V ₀ stabilizes in the vicinity of ₀ V (C in FIG. 6).

As described above, the reversal starts in the order of the waste unit battery 1 with the least amount of residual electricity, and the sub-circuit 4 of the discarded waste unit battery 1 is closed, thereby suppressing the reverse voltage of the waste unit battery 1. The voltage across the waste unit batteries 1 connected in series gradually approaches zero. If not taken reduction measures the internal resistance R _S, the internal resistance R _S becomes very large value, the discharge process is completely no longer proceed, leading to the expansion and heating of the battery. In order to suppress the reverse charge of the battery inside the battery, it is indispensable to suppress the internal resistance R _{S. In} the present invention, the reverse circuit charge is suppressed by connecting the sub circuit resistor 5 to the waste unit battery 1 in parallel. .

  In addition, even if the waste unit battery 1 in a reversal state due to overdischarge is generated, the waste unit battery 1 in which a reversal state has not occurred is continuously discharged, while a short-circuit discharge is performed to accelerate the discharge. It is effective to discharge in parallel. For each disposal unit battery 1 whose voltage drop has been sufficiently confirmed, the shorting switch 6 of the short circuit 7 connected to the battery is closed and discarded after the voltage of the disposal unit battery 1 has dropped to a certain value. By short-circuiting the circuit of the unit battery 1, a short-circuit discharge for accelerating discharge is performed to complete discharge. In particular, as the discharge proceeds, the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery increases, and the discharge rate when the resistor is connected is significantly reduced. Therefore, even when the voltage of the waste unit battery 1 is sufficiently lowered due to the discharge with the resistor connected, the discharge is actually insufficient, and when the circuit of the waste unit battery is opened, the voltage suddenly increases and the operation Some arcs and sparks may occur. In order to prevent such a voltage increase, it is necessary to perform a discharge until the voltage does not increase using a circuit having a resistance as small as possible. In the present invention, a complete discharge is performed using a means of a short circuit by an electric wire. Even if the voltage of the waste unit battery 1 decreases, there may be a case where the remaining amount of electricity remains, and it is necessary to short-circuit when the voltage of the waste unit battery 1 is sufficiently lowered. Moreover, since the reverse pole voltage can be greatly reduced by short-circuiting the discarded unit battery 1 that has undergone reversal or voltage reduction, the discharge rate can be kept high without impairing the overall voltage.

  FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the discharge treatment apparatus for a waste battery according to the first embodiment. In this discharge treatment apparatus, five waste unit batteries 1 to be disposed of are disposed in series and discharged together. This discharge processing apparatus measures voltage measuring means 10 for measuring the voltage of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries 1, and subcircuit control means 11 for controlling opening and closing of the subcircuit switch 9 based on the measured voltage value. It is characterized by having a short circuit control means 12 for controlling the opening and closing of the shorting switch 6 based on the voltage value. Other than that, the configuration is the same as that of the disposal method of the discarded battery shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5, and therefore, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted. .

  The sub circuit switch 9 is opened at the start of discharge. The voltage measuring means 10 measures the voltage value of each waste unit battery 1 and notifies the sub-circuit control means 11 of the value. When the sub circuit control means 11 detects a drop in voltage from the voltage value to the reversal unit voltage or the set voltage, the sub circuit control unit 11 closes the sub circuit switch 9 corresponding to the corresponding discard unit battery 1. As described above, among the plurality of discarded unit batteries 1 during the discharge, only the sub circuit 4 is closed, the reverse polarity charging is suppressed, and the entire discharge is continued.

  Further, when it is confirmed by the voltage measuring means 10 that the discharge has completed one stage after a specific time, the short circuit switch 6 is closed by the short circuit control means 12. This is to prevent the risk of a short-circuit accident, depending on the type of disposal unit battery to be discharged, even if the apparent voltage decreases, the amount of remaining electricity may be large.

  Further, the sub circuit 4 remains closed even after the short circuit 7 is closed. Thereby, after the waste unit battery is released from the circuit due to contact failure or removal of the waste unit battery 1 after the short circuit, the undischarged waste unit battery 1 or the waste unit battery 1 whose voltage has increased due to the circuit opening is placed in the same place. The risk of a short circuit accident due to setting can be prevented.

  In principle, it is possible to manually operate the short-circuit switch, but it is necessary to short-circuit before the reverse-polarization proceeds (short-circuiting after the reverse-polarity voltage increases is dangerous). It is desirable to automatically control the switch, and the discharge treatment apparatus for a waste battery shown in FIG. 8 has high safety.

  According to the first embodiment described above, even when some of the discarded unit batteries are in a reversal state due to overdischarge, the sub circuit resistor 5 is in a reversal state by serving as a positive current bypass. Other waste unit batteries that have not been discharged can be continuously discharged.

  In addition, according to the first embodiment described above, the risk of heat generation, expansion, and gas ejection of the battery is suppressed by decreasing the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery whose discharge current is bypassed to the subcircuit 4 and reversed. can do.

  Further, according to the first embodiment described above, by closing the short-circuit switch 6 after the voltage of the disposal unit battery 1 has dropped to a certain value, the short-circuit discharge for accelerating the discharge can be performed and the complete discharge can be performed. it can.

  Moreover, according to 1st Embodiment mentioned above, high safety | security is acquired by performing control of the said switch for a short circuit automatically.

(Second Embodiment)
A waste battery discharge treatment method and a waste battery discharge treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram of a method for discharging a discarded battery according to the second embodiment. A difference from the discharge processing method of the waste battery according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is that the sub circuit switch 9 of the sub circuit 4 is closed from the start of the discharge processing. That is, in the discharge processing method for a waste battery according to the second embodiment, the sub-circuit resistor 5 is electrically connected to each of the plurality of waste unit batteries at all times during the discharge processing. Other than that, the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted. FIG. 9 is also a configuration diagram of the discharge processing apparatus for a waste battery according to the second embodiment.

  The operation and operation of the discharge treatment apparatus and discharge treatment method for a waste battery according to the second embodiment will be described. A discharge current generated by the electromotive force of the plurality of waste unit cells 1 flows through the main circuit resistor 3, and an individual discharge current generated by the electromotive force of each of the plurality of waste unit cells 1 flows through the sub circuit resistor 5 connected thereto. As a result, the amount of electricity remaining in the plurality of waste unit batteries is discharged (discharge process in a normal state). During the normal discharge process, when some of the plurality of waste unit batteries are in a reversal state due to overdischarge, the discharge current generated in the reversal unit battery in the reverse state flows in the opposite direction. The current and the discharge current flow through the sub-circuit resistor 5 connected to the discarded unit battery in the inverted state, thereby continuously discharging the discarded unit battery that is not in the inverted state (at the time of the inversion). Discharge process). With respect to the discarded unit battery 1 that has been reversed due to a decrease in the amount of remaining electricity, the role of the corresponding sub-circuit resistor 5 is smoothly switched from discharge to reverse voltage suppression. From the above, even when some of the discarded unit batteries are in a reversed state due to overdischarge, other discarded unit batteries that are not in the reversed state can be continuously discharged. Further, the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery that has been reversed by the discharge current being bypassed to the sub circuit 4 is lowered, and the risk of heat generation, expansion, and gas ejection of the battery is suppressed.

  Also, with respect to the discarded unit battery 1 whose polarity has been reversed due to a decrease in the amount of remaining electricity, the role of the corresponding sub-circuit resistor 5 smoothly switches from discharging to suppressing the reverse voltage, and the work is simplified when it is performed manually. In the case where the discharge treatment apparatus is used, the apparatus can be simplified.

  Further, the sub-circuit resistor 5 serves not only to suppress reverse charging like the discharge processing of the waste battery according to the first embodiment but also to discharge the waste unit battery 1 having a large amount of remaining electricity. As a result, since the discharge is performed by the sub circuit resistor 5 in addition to the main circuit resistor 3, the time required for the discharge can be shortened as compared with the case where the discharge is performed only by the main circuit resistor 3.

On the other hand, by providing the subcircuit resistor 5 with two roles of discharge and reverse voltage, conditions suitable for the selection of the subcircuit resistor and the design of the device appear. The magnitude of the reverse polarity charging is the voltage of the waste unit battery to be discharged, the number of stacked waste unit batteries connected in series at the time of discharge, the resistance value of the main circuit resistor 3 (the discharge current flowing through the main circuit 2 is increased respectively) With this setting, the current I _{R ′} flowing in the reverse direction of the subcircuit resistance 5 becomes large and the reverse voltage becomes large), and depends on the resistance value of the subcircuit resistance 5 and the like.

The reverse pole voltage increases as the resistance value of the subcircuit resistance 5 increases (the same as when the subcircuit is open at the resistance value ∞), and the reverse pole voltage decreases as the resistance value decreases (the above-described decrease in IR _′ ). by). When the resistance value of the sub circuit resistor 5 is large, the reverse polarity voltage is large, and thus the heat generation of the sub circuit resistor 5 is increased, which restricts the device design. As described above, when the sub circuit 4 is used only for the purpose of suppressing the reverse polarity voltage, it is preferable that the resistance value is small to some extent. On the other hand, when the sub circuit 4 is used for the purpose of discharging, it is desirable that the resistance value be large to some extent in order to suppress heat generation due to discharging. This is because if the resistance value is small, the heat generation becomes large, so that the device design becomes difficult.

  As described above, when the resistance value of the sub circuit resistor 5 is increased, the effect of suppressing the reverse polarity voltage is reduced, and the heat generation during the switching is increased. When the resistance value is decreased, the heat generation during the discharging process (in a normal state where no polarity is reversed) increases. Therefore, when the sub-circuit resistor 5 has two roles of discharge and reverse voltage suppression, it is effective to use an appropriate resistor in consideration of discharge conditions. Although not shown, a plurality of sub-circuit resistors 5 having different resistance values are prepared, and a plurality of sub-circuit resistors 5 having a large resistance value are connected during a normal discharge process, and a unit of disposal is provided. When the voltage of each of the batteries 1 is measured to be in a reversal state (during the discharge process at the time of reversal), it is effective to switch and connect to one having a small resistance value. As a result, during the normal discharge process, the subcircuit resistance with a large resistance value is used to suppress heat generation due to the discharge, and during the discharge process during reversal, the subcircuit resistance with a small resistance value is used to switch the resistance. It is possible to suppress the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery that is in a polar state.

  In addition, it is possible to provide a discharge processing apparatus for a waste battery that realizes the above operation by incorporating a voltage measuring device, a plurality of sub-circuit resistors having different resistance values, and a resistance switching device.

  FIG. 10 is a graph showing changes in each voltage in the discharge process of the waste battery according to the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a mechanism in which the sub-circuit resistance suppresses the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded waste unit battery in the discharge process (discharge process at the time of switching) according to the second embodiment.

Battery if (voltage V _S, the internal resistance R _S) the voltage V _S of which can be maintained (the electrodeposition apparent V _O), the secondary circuit resistor 5 (resistance value R) and I _R = V _O / _R A discharge current I _R flows (A in FIG. 10). As the discharge proceeds, the electromotive force of the battery decreases and the internal resistance R _{S of the} battery increases. As a result, an electromotive force corresponding to the resistance value of the internal resistance R _S is generated and reverse polarity charging is performed. Since the sub circuit 4 is already closed, a discharge current I _{R ′ in the} opposite direction flows through the sub circuit resistor 5, and the apparent electromotive force V _O becomes negative and decreases to I _{R ′} × R _S. (B in FIG. 10). Thereafter, the electromotive force V _{S of the} battery decreases with the progress of discharge, so that the voltage of other discarded unit batteries decreases with the progress of discharge, and when I _{R ′} decreases accordingly, the reverse voltage V ₀ is stable at around 0V. (C in FIG. 10).

  The state of the discharging process at the time of reversal in FIG. 10 is shown by the graph of the battery (1) in B and C. Five waste unit batteries (batteries (1) to (5)) are connected in series, and the waste unit battery with the least amount of remaining electricity is the battery (1). When the battery (1) is reversed, the sub circuit 4 including the sub circuit resistor 5 works in the same manner as the basic form of the present invention, and the discharge of the waste unit battery 1 is suppressed while suppressing the reverse polarity charging. At the end of C, it can be seen that the amount of electricity remaining in each of the batteries (1) to (5) is almost eliminated, and the entire discharge is completed successfully.

  FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a discharge treatment apparatus for a waste battery according to the second embodiment. In this discharge treatment apparatus, five waste unit batteries 1 to be disposed of are disposed in series and discharged together. This discharge processing apparatus is characterized in that the sub circuit switch 9 is normally closed during discharge and there is no need to perform opening / closing control of the sub circuit switch 9, so that the sub circuit control means 11 does not exist. Other than that, the configuration is the same as that of the waste battery discharge treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 8, and therefore, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In this waste battery discharge treatment apparatus, since the sub circuit switch 9 is normally closed during discharge, the discharge treatment of the waste battery according to the second embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 is simply performed. be able to.

  According to the second embodiment described above, a current that flows in the opposite direction to the discharge current that occurs in the discarded unit battery that has been in a reversed state and a discharge current that flows through the sub-circuit resistor 5 result in a reversed state. Other waste unit batteries that have not been discharged can be continuously discharged.

  In addition, according to the second embodiment described above, the risk of heat generation, expansion, and gas ejection of the battery is suppressed by decreasing the reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery that is bypassed and reversed by the discharge current in the sub circuit 4. can do.

  In addition, according to the second embodiment described above, the role of the corresponding sub-circuit resistor 5 in the discarded unit battery in the inverted state is smoothly switched from the discharge to the reverse voltage suppression, so that manual labor and time are reduced. The structure of the discharge processing apparatus can be simplified.

  Further, according to the second embodiment described above, the time required for the discharge can be shortened by performing the discharge with the sub circuit resistor 5 in addition to the main circuit resistor 3.

  Further, according to the second embodiment described above, during the normal discharge process, the sub-circuit resistance having a large resistance value is used to suppress heat generation due to the discharge, and during the discharge process during the reversal, the resistance value is reduced. By using a small sub-circuit resistance, it is possible to suppress the reverse voltage of the discarded unit battery that is in the inverted state.

  Further, according to the second embodiment described above, by closing the short-circuit switch 6 after the voltage of the disposal unit battery 1 has dropped to a certain value, short-circuit discharge for acceleration of discharge can be performed and complete discharge can be performed. it can.

  According to the discharge processing apparatus and the discharge processing method for a waste battery according to at least one embodiment described above, when a plurality of waste unit batteries are discharged together in a state of being connected in series, some of the waste unit batteries are overdischarged. Even in the inversion state, other discarded unit batteries that are not in the inversion state can be continuously discharged.

  In addition, the disposal unit battery is intended for all secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries, and the type thereof is not limited. Moreover, the form of batteries such as cells, modules, and units is not limited.

  In addition, the discarded battery is a battery that is no longer needed after the primary use, and may be reused for other purposes after the discharge treatment. The battery discharged by the discharge treatment of the present invention can be used as a reuse product.

  Further, when a battery module in which several unit batteries are connected in series and the potential of each battery can be controlled by the control board is discharged, the battery module is regarded as a discarded unit battery of the present invention, It is possible to discharge the battery module. In this case, the discharge of the battery module is not limited to the purpose of disposal but may be intended for reuse.

  Moreover, although some embodiment of this invention was described, these embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Waste unit battery 2 ... Main circuit 3 ... Main circuit resistance 4 ... Sub circuit 5 ... Sub circuit resistance 6 ... Short circuit switch 7 ... Short circuit 8 ... Main circuit switch 9 ... sub circuit switch 10 ... voltage measuring means 11 ... sub circuit control means 12 ... short circuit control means

Claims (11)

A main circuit resistor is connected between a positive electrode at one end and a negative electrode at the other end of the plurality of waste unit batteries connected in series, and a sub-circuit resistor and a switch are connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries. A waste battery discharge treatment method for discharging the plurality of waste unit batteries by connecting in series,
A normal discharge step of discharging the residual electricity quantity of the plurality of waste unit batteries by causing a discharge current generated by electromotive force of the plurality of waste unit batteries to flow through the main circuit resistor;
When a part of the plurality of waste unit batteries is in a reversal state due to overdischarge during the normal discharge process, the switch connected to the waste unit potential in the reversal state is closed. , Connecting the sub-circuit resistance, and continuously discharging the waste unit battery that is not in the reversal state, and a discharging process during reversal,
A method for discharging treatment of a waste battery, comprising: discharging a remaining amount of electricity of the plurality of waste unit batteries.   When a part of the plurality of waste unit batteries is in a reversal state due to overdischarge during the discharging process at the time of the reversal, the switch connected to the waste unit potential in the reversal state is closed. Thus, the current flowing in the opposite direction to the discharge current generated in the discarded unit battery in the inverted state and the discharge current are transferred to the sub-circuit resistance connected to the discarded unit battery in the inverted state. The discharge treatment method for a waste battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery is discharged. A main circuit resistor is connected between the positive electrode at one end and the negative electrode at the other end of the plurality of waste unit batteries connected in series, and a sub-circuit resistor is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries. A waste battery discharge treatment method for discharging the plurality of waste unit batteries,
By causing a discharge current generated by the electromotive force of the plurality of waste unit cells to flow through the main circuit resistor, and causing an individual discharge current generated by the electromotive force of each of the plurality of waste unit cells to flow through the sub circuit resistor, A normal discharge step of discharging the remaining electricity of the plurality of waste unit batteries;
During the normal discharge process, when a part of the plurality of waste unit batteries is in a reversal state due to overdischarge, the waste unit battery that is not in the reversal state is continuously discharged. A discharge process,
A method for discharging treatment of a waste battery, comprising: discharging a remaining amount of electricity of the plurality of waste unit batteries.   When a part of the plurality of discarded unit batteries is in a reversal state due to overdischarge during the discharging process during the reversal, the discharge current generated in the discarded unit battery in the reversal state is opposite to the discharge current. 4. The method for discharging treatment of a waste battery according to claim 3, wherein the current flowing in the direction and the discharge current are caused to flow through the sub-circuit resistance connected to the waste unit battery in the inverted state. Prepare a plurality of sub circuit resistors with different resistance values,
During the normal discharge process, by using a large resistance value in the sub-circuit resistance, suppressing heat generation due to discharge,
The reverse polarity voltage of the discarded unit battery in the inversion state is suppressed by using the sub-circuit resistance having a small resistance value during the discharging process during the inversion. Item 5. A method for discharging treatment of a waste battery according to Item 3 or Item 4. Wherein is commonly practiced discharging process or the reversing time of the discharge process during, when a part of the plurality of waste unit batteries falls below the voltage predetermined value, connect the positive and negative of the disposal unit cell, The discharge processing method for a waste battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the discharge of the waste unit battery is accelerated. A main circuit resistor connected between the positive electrode at one end and the negative electrode at the other end of the plurality of waste unit batteries connected in series;
A sub-circuit switch connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries, and normally open;
A sub-circuit resistor connected in series with the sub-circuit switch between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries;
Voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries;
Based on the value of the voltage measured by the voltage measuring means, when a part of the plurality of discarded unit batteries is in a reversal state due to overdischarge, the discarded unit battery in the reversal state is identified. And a control means for closing a switch connected to the disposal unit battery,
A discharge processing apparatus for a waste battery, wherein the remaining electricity of the plurality of waste unit batteries is discharged.   The discharge current generated by the electromotive force of the plurality of waste unit batteries flows through the main circuit resistor, thereby discharging the remaining amount of electricity of the plurality of waste unit batteries, and a part of the plurality of waste unit batteries is discharged during the discharge. When a reversal state is caused by overdischarge, a current flowing in a direction opposite to the discharge current generated in the waste unit battery in the reversal state and the discharge unit battery in which the discharge current is in the reversal state The waste battery discharge treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the waste unit battery that is not in the inversion state is continuously discharged by flowing through the sub-circuit resistance connected to the battery. A main circuit resistor connected between the positive electrode at one end and the negative electrode at the other end of the plurality of waste unit batteries connected in series;
A sub-circuit resistor connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries,
When discharging the remaining amount of electricity of the plurality of waste unit batteries, both the main circuit resistance and the sub circuit resistance are connected to the plurality of waste unit batteries.   The discharge current generated by the electromotive force of the plurality of waste unit batteries flows through the main circuit resistance, and the individual discharge current generated by the electromotive force of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries flows through the sub circuit resistance. When the remaining amount of electricity in the plurality of waste unit batteries is discharged and a part of the plurality of waste unit batteries is in a reversal state due to overdischarge during the discharge, it is generated in the waste unit battery in the reversal state A waste unit battery that is not in the inverted state by flowing the current flowing in the opposite direction to the discharge current and the discharge current flowing through the sub-circuit resistance connected to the discarded unit battery that is in the inverted state. The discharge treatment apparatus for a waste battery according to claim 9, wherein the discharge is continued.   A plurality of waste unit batteries, each of which is connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of each of the plurality of waste unit batteries, and further includes a normally open shorting switch; 7. When a part of the battery drops to a voltage equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the short-circuit switch connected to the disposal unit battery is closed to accelerate the discharge of the disposal unit battery. The discharge treatment apparatus for a waste battery according to any one of 10.