JP6556506B2 - Sand collection device for dams, rivers and intakes - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a collection of sediment in sediments and intake channels for obtaining irrigation water, domestic water, industrial water, power generation water, etc. from bypass tunnels, rivers, dams, and the like, which suppress sediment inflow of dams. It is about removal.

In recent dams aiming for a sustainable dam, a bypass tunnel that temporarily discharges the inflowing river water to the river downstream of the dam is provided, and in the inflowing river, a weir that captures large gravel and driftwood upstream of the pier. In order to maintain the water level by maintaining an overflow weir on the downstream side, suppress the flow velocity and promote sedimentation of the sediment, bypass the flood during the heavy rain downstream of the dam and suppress the inflow of sediment to the dam. ing.
Moreover, when water is obtained from a river, in many cases, it is common to install a weir or a gate in the river downstream of the intake port and maintain the water level to separate the water.

The present inventor has acquired Patent No. 3895505 and Patent No. 4766415 in order to collect and remove sediment deposited in the place as described above, but Patent No. 3895505 is made of concrete with a large diameter. In this case, there is a problem that the thickness of the constituent members becomes thick, the influence of the internal flowing water is not easily given to the external sediment, the transport concentration is lowered, and the working distance cannot be made long. Patent No. 4766415 discloses an open / close cover and pulley underwater There are driving parts such as wires, which are not suitable for operation in muddy flow.

Japanese Patent No. 3347104 JP2015-028255 Patent No. 3895505 Japanese Patent No. 4766415

At the intake of the dam bypass tunnel, in order to introduce a large amount of flowing water during heavy rain to the bypass tunnel entrance, it is necessary to change the flow direction in front of the overflow dam, and the agitating action due to the diversion flow There is a large problem that the amount of sediment that flows over the overflow weir into the dam tends to increase.

Even at the intake when collecting irrigation water from rivers, weirs are provided in the rivers and branched into T- and Y-shapes from the upstream of the dams to take in the irrigation water, making it easy to stir and stagnate. In addition, earth and sand can accumulate in the intake channel near the water intake, making it easy to mix the earth and sand into the water. If the intake gate is close, it may hinder the opening and closing of the gate.

In addition, in the dam, there is an inevitable flow of sediment and inflow of muddy water from surrounding small rivers, so the elimination of sediment in the dam is an indispensable problem.
009

In the present invention, the cover channel of Japanese Patent No. 3895505 allows the external sediment to flow in from the lower side opening, whereas the sediment flows in from the middle position of the side wall of the sand collection culvert or sand collection pipe corresponding to the cover channel. By doing so, even if the inlet width is narrowed, it is easy to be mixed with the in-pipe water, and the sedimentation ridge line length of the sediment flowing during the suspension is extended, and the mixed discharge concentration at the start of operation is improved.
In addition, the flow of external sediment in this type of device flows only by the effect of internal flow velocity and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the pipe due to the pipe resistance, and is not of a nature that is pushed in or sucked in by high water pressure. For this reason, there is a weak point that tends to cause “suck-through phenomenon”, which is also improved and utilized.

In the present invention, in the bypass tunnel mouth, a sand collecting gutter in the form of inclusion is integrally provided in the dam of the weir provided on the downstream side of the river where the intake is installed, and on the upstream side wall surface of the sand collecting gutter, on the river channel surface A slit-shaped sand suction port with a matching height is arranged and opened in accordance with the river width, and the height of the opening inside the culvert of the slit-shaped sand suction port is opened at the middle position of the height inside the culvert.
By opening the sand-absorbing port to the middle position, when the earth and sand flowing in from the sand-absorbing port accumulates in the culvert during resting, a gap of approximately 60% or more is left in the upper part of the culvert, and the sediment is relieved. Ensure that the ridgeline length is sufficient for mixing with running water during operation.

In the existing bypass tunnel pier, a buried or semi-buried sand collection culvert is installed along the dam in close proximity to the upstream side of the dam provided downstream of the river where the intake is installed. In addition, the upper surface of the buried sand collecting culvert is moved to the downstream side, and a slit-shaped sand suction port is arranged and opened in accordance with the river width. A slit-shaped sand-absorbing port is arranged and opened.
The opening height position of the sand culvert opening inside the culvert is the same as described above by opening the sand basin so that it is in the middle position regardless of whether the sand pit is open on the top surface of the sand collection culvert or on the upstream side wall surface. Get.

  The downstream side of the sand collection culvert is inserted into the bypass tunnel pier via a waterway or culvert as necessary, with the gate interposed, and the upstream side pit of the sand collection culvert is from the river upstream of the weir The river water in the upstream side of the weir is made to flow by making it higher or by making it difficult for the sediment to flow in by providing a gate or the like.

  Small-scale water intakes can be made of steel pipes and steel plates. The sand collecting culvert is called the sand collecting pipe, and the downstream end of the sand collecting pipe is drained using a drop or a pump. It can be put into the water treatment facility through the dam and discharged into the river on the downstream side of the weir, and the upstream end port of the sand collecting pipe is connected to a supplementary water suction pipe to suck in the upper water.

In addition, in intake channels branched from rivers, upstream side river channels close to the intake gates, or in the middle of intake channels, sand dams are installed across the channel, and sand collection ports are opened upstream of the weirs. Embed a sand pipe, or open a recess that is deeper in the middle of the intake channel and bury a sand collection pipe on the bottom of the downstream side of the recess according to the width of the water channel. Remove sediment from the intake channel.

For sediments in dams with bypass tunnels, a certain length of sand collection culvert is installed along the inner valley of the dam near the inflowing river, and the downstream side of the sand collection culvert is used as a mud culvert. Extend the connection and secure a drop at the entrance of the bypass tunnel to prevent sediment suction resistance and water mud resistance, and connect it through a gate. Raise the Higuchi Tower upward to absorb water so that it will not be buried.

Also in the sand collection culvert, the slit-shaped sand suction port similar to the above paragraphs 0009 and 0010 is opened on the side wall surface or the upper surface of the sand collection culvert, and the height of the opening inside the culvert is the flow density. In consideration, adjust the height of the inside of the culvert to be slightly higher and lower.
Although the sand suction port provided in the side wall surface can be opened on both side surfaces of the sand collecting culvert, the length of the sand collecting culvert is shortened to about 1/2.

In common with any of the sand collecting culverts described above, when the sand collecting culvert is made of concrete, the wall thickness becomes thick, and the influence of the flow velocity inside the sand collecting culvert is less likely to be exerted on the sediment outside the culvert.
When the sand suction port is opened on the upper surface of the sand collecting culvert, the external sediment is naturally dropped and thrown in, but it is difficult for the external sediment to flow in from the sand suction port horizontally narrowed on the side wall surface.

In the sand suction port when the construction thickness of the sand collecting culvert is thick, the narrow sand suction port is inclined more than the angle of repose of the sediment to be handled, so that the height of the inner surface of the culvert is lowered. Stagnate so that external sediment can be introduced naturally.

When the apparatus of the present invention described above is installed in a river that flows into a dam and turbulent current is thrown into the bypass tunnel mouth, earth and sand accumulate on the upstream river channel of the weir, and the sand suction mouth of the sand collecting culvert is also buried. However, in the initial stage, the muddy water of the river flows only from the tip of the sand collection culvert and flows down the upper space secured in the sand collection culvert, and the sediment in the sand collection culvert accumulated during the pause is better. After mixing and flowing down, it is thrown into the entrance of the bypass tunnel and opened to the river downstream of the dam.

As the sediment in the sand collection culvert is transported and reduced, the sediment near the suction port falls into the sand collection culvert from the sand suction port across the river width while being affected by water pressure and turbidity. Sediment that has accumulated in the river also flows down sequentially and is thrown into the sand collecting gutter almost uniformly from the entire river width together with the muddy water, so that the flow upstream of the weir becomes smooth and there is overflow water from the weir. However, the amount of sediment flowing into the dam can be reduced.

When the apparatus of the present invention is applied to a river weir that branches off from the upstream side of the river weir to acquire water, the sand collection culvert stops during normal times (at the time of water acquisition) and promotes sedimentation in the upstream area of the weir. Take water, measure the amount of sediment in the upstream area of the weir, and run the sand collection culvert through timely.
The downstream end of the sand collection culvert can be discharged directly into the downstream river, or introduced into a water treatment facility through a drop or pump, and discharged after treatment, facilitating the removal of sediment in the upstream of the weir. It becomes easier to obtain clean water.

Even when the apparatus of the present invention including a weir and a sand collecting pipe is implemented in the middle of the intake channel, the water depth upstream of the weir becomes deep according to the height of the weir, and sedimentation of the fluid sediment is promoted, and the sediment in the upstream area of the weir It is easy to accumulate, and the sand collection pipe is run through regularly or appropriately to collect and remove the sand.
The sediment deposited in the upstream area of the weir in the intake channel can be efficiently removed, and not only clean water is provided downstream of the weir, but also the safety of the gate and the downstream facilities can be maintained.

It is a a depression in intake channel in which to install the device of the present invention to Hiraki窄, that Do the intake passage and irrigation canals, sediment removal of rainwater collection waterways facilities and factory plant easily in flat ground river .

In the device of the present invention for removing sediment in the dam, the repose angle ridgeline length of the sediment in the sand collection underdrain that is sent along with the passage of the sand collection underdrain becomes a mixed area and can be sent in a high concentration.
In addition, the sediment deposited outside the sand collecting culvert is easily mixed with the running water in the culvert in the form of falling and sucking from the sand suction port opened in the middle stage, and the inflow sediment can be smoothly transported.

In addition, the sand suction port in the sand collection culvert has a strong suction on the downstream side and a weak suction force on the upstream side. Even in the sand basin upstream of the culvert, the external sediment is naturally dropped and thrown in, and it is possible to level out the external sediment between the upstream and downstream of the sand collection culvert. Even if the “sucking phenomenon” occurs, the falling of the external sediment from the upstream sand suction port continues, and the removal of the external sediment is continued by the inflow water from the upstream end of the sand collection culvert.

The present invention as described above effectively suppresses sediment inflow to the dam by mixing and taking sediment sediment uniformly from the entire river width by using a sand collecting culvert or a sand collecting pipe. In irrigation water acquisition, it is easy to separate and remove the sand flow in the intake channel and contribute to the acquisition of clean water.
In addition, the device of the present invention has no moving mechanism in the water, and in an installation place where a head can be used for passing sand collecting culverts, it becomes a facility for energy saving with only temporary power for gate opening and closing and management power. In many dams in mountainous areas, natural energy is easy to use, and the economic effects such as making the facility resistant to disasters are great.

Sectional drawing of 1st Example. The top view of 1st Example. 2A is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2A is a sectional view taken along the line CC. Both (c), (d), (e), and (f) in the figure show the types of cross-sectional shape of the sand collection culvert. Sectional drawing of 2nd Example / AA sectional drawing of FIG. The top view of 2nd Example. In the figure, (ki) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 6, and (ku) is a cross-sectional view of the sand collecting culvert 3B. In the figure, (K) is a cross-section orthogonal to the water channel of the third embodiment / A-A cross-section of FIG. 9 (S), and (K) is a cross-sectional view of the water channel / B of FIG. 9 (S). -B cross section. (S) in the figure is a plan view of the third embodiment, and (S) is a detailed view in the vicinity of the sand collecting pipe 23. Sectional drawing of 4th Example / AA sectional view of FIG. The top view of 4th Example. 11 is a sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. 11, the (se) figure is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 11, and the (f) figure is a sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. Both (T), (H), (T), and (T) in the figure are diagrams showing the shape types of the sand collecting underdrain 3C.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view along the streamline direction of a sand collecting culvert, FIG. 2 is a plan view, FIG. 3A is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. A) CC cross-sectional view is shown in Fig. 4 (c), and a sand collecting culvert 3A with different shapes is shown in Fig. 4 (c), (d), (e), and (f). There is an overflow weir 7A provided in the shape of the sand, and the sand collecting gutter 3A included in and integrated with the overflow weir 7A is penetrated, and in the middle stage on the upstream side wall of the sand collecting gutter 3A, a slit-shaped sand absorption The mouth 8 is arranged and opened according to the river channel surface and the river width.

The upstream end port 6 of the sand collecting culvert 3A is provided with a sand stop gate 9 at the inflow port so as to prevent a large amount of earth and sand from flowing in during the pause, and takes in the river water upstream of the overflow weir 7A.
The downstream end side of the sand collecting culvert 3A is connected to a water channel or a culvert as necessary, and is put into the bypass tunnel 2 through a sand removal gate 5.

Since the sand suction port 8 is always in a released state, the earth and sand flows into and accumulates in the sand collecting culvert 3A even during a pause, but the height of the opening inside the sand collecting culvert 3A of the sand suction port 8 is set to the middle position. Thus, a gap can be left above the opening position, water can be passed without any trouble at the start of operation, and the earth and sand accumulated in the underdrain is mixed with running water as the ridgeline length of the repose angle c is increased. It is easy to increase the concentration, and with the progress of the removal of the sediment a in the sand collection gutter 3A, external sand is dropped into the water flow in the sand collection gutter 3A from the sand suction port 8, well are mixed Ru is Nagareoku.

It is necessary to select the shape and size of the sand suction port 8 depending on the fact that there is a limit to the total opening area that can be safely sucked and the nature of the sediment in the river.
As for the hole shape of the sand suction port 8, slit-shaped long holes are arranged in a horizontal row, or small holes are arranged in a strainer shape in the upper and lower two to five stages, and the holes are adjusted and adjusted according to the river width.

  In the case of this type of equipment, since it is assumed that the suspension period ranges from 3 months to 10 months, the earth and sand accumulated in the river channel 1 is easy to close and close the sand suction port 8, but in this embodiment, FIG. 4) As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 4, the sand suction port 8 is formed so as to allow the earth and sand to fall and flow under its own weight by making the angle of inclination larger than the repose angle c of the sediment earth or opening vertically. At the same time, the position is also easily affected by the reverse vortex generated at the upstream upstream bottom of the overflow weir 7 </ b> A, and the sediment deposited in the river channel 1 and the sediment flowing down the river channel 1 are likely to flow in from the sand suction port 8.

Sand stop gate 9 provided in Atsumarisuna culvert 3 A upstream end bung hole 6, by providing the gate of the lodging weir type as shown, thereby preventing the flow of a river in a sediment dormant, the Atsumarisuna culvert 3 A the water passing through the start, the upper water river by flowing ahead and easily discharge the earth and sand deposited in the Atsumarisuna underdrain 3 a, to facilitate the operation start.
When it is not possible to set up the sand stop gate 9, an inlet and one step higher than the river surface, and hardly flowing rivers in sediment provided water conduit, to deal with possible to flow into Atsumarisuna culvert 3 A.

Example 2 shows a sectional view along the arrangement direction of the sand collecting culvert 3B in FIG. 5, a plan view is shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. Fig. 7 (ku) shows the cross section BB of Fig. 6 and the cross sectional detailed view of the sand collecting culvert 3B assuming the sediment a in the culvert, and the overflow weir 7B arranged transversely to the river A separate sand collecting culvert 3B is buried upstream in the upstream.
The sand suction port 8 of the sand collecting culvert 3B is opened on the upper surface close to the overflow weir 7B, and other configurations, operations, and functions are the same as in the first embodiment.

Example 3 is an example implemented in a small-scale intake channel, and FIG. 9 (s) shows a plan view of the example, FIG. 8 (K) shows a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 9), as shown in the cross section BB of FIG. 9 (sa), a recess 27 and a pocket 27, which are narrowed across the river channel 1 of the intake channel 21, are opened, and the bottom of FIG. A sand collecting tube 23 showing the details is arranged according to the width of the water channel.
In the upstream middle stage of the sand collecting pipe 23, slit-shaped sand suction ports 28 are arranged in accordance with the width of the water channel and opened, and the upstream end is connected to the auxiliary water absorption cylinder 26 and is raised upward. The opening is made higher and the downstream end is connected to a pump and discharged to a water treatment facility or a downstream river.
Even in this case, where the head can be used, the head can be replaced with a head drain instead of the pump.

Since the sand collecting pipe 23 in this embodiment is made of steel pipe, the formed wall thickness of the pipe is relatively thin, and the influence of the flow in the sand collecting pipe 23 is easily given to the sediment outside the pipe. Although it is not necessary to make an opening with an inclination, opening the sand suction port 28 in the middle position of the sand collecting pipe 23 facilitates the mixing of the earth and sand and facilitates the transport, and at the same time, the slit sand suction port. It is easy to extend the arrangement length by narrowing the opening width of 28.

The shape of the sand collecting pipe 23 is such that the mud cover 25 is removed and a sand suction port is opened in the middle of both sides of the sand collecting pipe 23, or the sand collecting pipe 23 is embedded in the downstream side wall surface of the pocket 27. Arranging, the sand collecting pipe shape can be changed to a shape other than round.

Example 4 is an example for removing the sediment in the dam of the dam provided with the bypass tunnel 2 as shown in the plan view of FIG. 12 shows a cross section along the underdrain 3C, (su) in FIG. 12 shows the DD cross section in FIG. 11, (se) shows the CC cross section, (so) shows the EE cross section, and FIG. 11 shows a cross section of BB and various forms of the sand collecting culvert 3C. In the figure, the sediment in the culvert a and the residual sediment d outside the culvert are illustrated.

The sand collection culvert 3C of the present embodiment takes into account the progress of sediment accumulation in the dam, and the sand collection culvert opening 6 is opened downstream of the dam channel 11, and the downstream end of the sand collection culvert 3C is sent to the mud culvert 15 The sand collecting gutter 3C is placed on the dam river surface 11 and the dam channel 11 to the lower side of the sand suction port 8 through the sand discharge gate 5 and the injection gate 5B. In the sand collecting culvert with the shape of FIG.

The sediment in the dam is accumulated in the form of collapsing to the downstream, like the sand dune wind ripples, so the sand collection culvert 6 side located downstream of the dam will be buried with a delay. Occasionally, it absorbs water from the sand collection port 8 and the uncollected sand collection port 6 on the side of the sand collection channel 6 and mixes and transports the sediment deposited in the sand collection channel 3C. From the sand suction port 8 buried in the sediment, the external sedimentary earth and sand is dropped and flowed together with the infiltrated water, and is poured into the bypass tunnel 2.

In the sand collecting culvert 3C of this embodiment, even if the “sucking phenomenon” occurs by securing the inflow water speed from the sand collecting culvert outlet 6 to 1.5 times or more of the terminal sedimentation speed of the inflow earth and sand particles. In the sand collecting culvert 3C provided with the sand suction port 8 inclined at an angle of repose c or more, the dropping and feeding of the external sedimentary earth and sand from the upstream region sand suction port 8 of the sand collecting culvert 3C is continued.

The present invention is a technique necessary for realizing a sustainable dam lake, and at the same time, facilitates the acquisition of clean water from dams and rivers.
Furthermore, even energy-saving equipment that can be said to be completely powerless can be used to acquire water from existing and newly established dam lakes and rivers.

1 River Channel 1A River or Dam Right Bank 1B River or Dam Left Bank 2 Bypass Tunnel 3A, 3B, 3C Sand Culvert 4 Bypass Tunnel Pier 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, Supplementary Drain Pipe 5 Drainage Gate 5B Input Gate 6 Sand Collection Underdrains 7A, 7B Overflow weir 8 Sand intake 9 Sand stop gate 10 Introduction chamber 11 Dam river channel 12 Gate opener 13 Sand stop gate opener 14 Screen 15 Mud underdrain 21 Intake channel 23 Sand collecting pipe 24 Screen 25 Mud cover 26 Supplementary water bottle 27 Pocket 28 Sand suction port a Sand basin b Repose angle ridge c Repose angle d Residual sediment

Claims (5)

In a device that collects and removes the sediment accumulated on the upstream side of the weir provided in a form crossing the river or waterway together with running water, the sand collecting gutter having a sand suction port opened on the upstream side wall is included in the weir body, Sand collection with a sand suction port height that is roughly extended to match the front riverbed, with the downstream end connected to a drop drainage or pump drainage means, and the other end upstream end made difficult to be buried in earth and sand and opened. through connection with the underdrain bung hole, with flowing the weir upstream river water, the吸砂port opened to the upstream side wall surface of the Atsumarisuna underdrain, sediment flowing from the suction Sunaguchi during operation pause said population sand Even if it accumulates in the culvert, the sand collection culvert wall is perpendicular to or inclined to the top of the sand collection culvert so that a space of approximately 60% or more of the cross section of the sand collection culvert can be left. A sand collection device that is open and connected in the direction of the sand collection culvert . In a device that collects and removes sediments collected on the upstream side of a weir provided in a form crossing a river or waterway together with running water, a sand collection port is opened on the upper surface or upstream side wall surface upstream of the weir. A sand culvert is installed side by side with the height of the sand suction port roughly matching the riverbed surface, the downstream end is connected to a drop drainage or pump drainage means, and the other end upstream end is made difficult to be buried in earth and sand and opened. In addition to connecting and communicating with the sand culvert, river water flows in, and the sand pit opening on the upper surface or upstream side wall surface of the sand culvert is filled with sand and sand that flows from the sand pit when the operation is suspended. Even if it is deposited on the sand collecting culvert, the sand collecting culvert wall is perpendicular to or inclined to the upper side of the sand collecting culvert so that a gap of approximately 60% or more of the cross section of the sand collecting culvert can be left. A sand collection device that penetrates the constriction and is open along the sand collection culvert . In a device that collects and removes sediment and sediment from dam rivers and rivers along with running water, a sand collection culvert with a sand suction opening on the top or side wall is placed at a fixed length on the bottom of the river channel, and then the downstream end is dropped. Or connected to a pump drainage means, and connected to a sand collecting culvert opening that is open so that the upstream end of the other end is not easily buried in sediment, and the river water is allowed to flow in, and the upper surface of the sand collecting culvert Alternatively, the sand suction port that opens to the side wall surface is approximately 60% of the cross section of the sand collection culvert on the upper side of the sand collection culvert even if the earth and sand flowing from the sand suction port accumulates in the sand collection culvert during operation suspension. A sand settling device that opens perpendicularly to the sand collecting culvert wall so as to leave the above-described gap, and is opened or connected to the sand collecting culvert along the vertical direction . In a device that collects and removes liquid sand from rivers or waterways together with running water, a depression is created by deepening the river channel surface in a shape that crosses the river or waterway, and a sand suction port is opened at the bottom of the depression. A sand collection pipe with a length corresponding to the river channel width is installed, the downstream end is connected to the head drainage or pump drainage means, and the other end upstream end is connected to a water absorption pipe that rises upwards and is difficult to be buried in sediment. River water flows in through the connection, and the sand collecting port of the sand collecting pipe collects at the upper side of the sand collecting pipe even if earth and sand flowing in from the sand collecting port accumulates in the sand collecting pipe during operation stoppage. A sand collection device in which the sand collecting pipe wall is closed so as to leave a gap of approximately 60% or more of the sand pipe cross section, and is continuously opened along the sand collecting pipe . 4. The sand collection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a sand collecting culvert is provided on the downstream side of the river channel to allow river water to flow in.