JP6551476B2 - Optical device and display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present disclosure relates to an optical device and an assembling method thereof, more specifically, for example, an optical device in a display device used as a head mounted display (HMD) and an assembling method thereof, and hologram diffraction. The present invention relates to a lattice, a display device, and an alignment device.

2. Description of the Related Art A virtual image display device (image display device) using a hologram diffraction grating is well known in order to cause an observer to observe a two-dimensional image formed by an image forming device as a magnified virtual image by a virtual image optical system. As shown in the conceptual view of FIG. 1, basically, the image display apparatus 100 receives light displayed on the image forming apparatus 111 for displaying an image, the collimating optical system 112, and the image forming apparatus 111. And an optical device (light guide means) 120 that guides to the pupil 21 of the observer. The optical device 120 includes a light guide plate 121, and a first diffraction grating member 130 and a second diffraction grating member 140 which are formed of a hologram diffraction grating provided on the light guide plate 121. The collimating optical system 112 receives light emitted from each pixel of the image forming apparatus 111, and the collimating optical system 112 generates a plurality of parallel lights incident on the light guide plate 121. It is incident. Parallel light enters and exits from the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 . Then, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second diffraction grating member 140 constituting the first diffraction grating member 130 are attached to the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121. On the other hand, a second hologram diffraction grating 135 constituting the first diffraction grating member 130 is attached to a second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 that is parallel to the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121. Details of the image display apparatus 100 described above will be described in the first embodiment.

  In order to assemble the optical device 120 having such a configuration and structure, it is necessary to accurately align the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135. In particular, the control and management of the parallelism between the extending direction of the first interference fringes formed on the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the extending direction of the second interference fringes formed on the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is as follows. is important.

  An alignment mark which is provided on the same substrate as the hologram or diffraction grating and is composed of interference fringes or diffraction gratings is known from, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-068705. In the technology disclosed in this patent publication, an alignment mark 14 made of interference fringes or a diffraction grating provided on the hologram 10 and a counter alignment provided on the target substrate 15 which is a substrate for a liquid crystal display device. The mark 16 (consisting of an opaque pattern such as metal) is captured by the cameras 18 and 19 and displayed on the monitor screen 20. Then, the relative positions of the hologram 10 and the target substrate 15 are adjusted so that the center of the image 14 ′ of the alignment mark 14 and the center of the image 16 ′ of the counter alignment mark 16 coincide. Note that the counter alignment mark 16 can also be formed of a transparent phase pattern in the same manner as the alignment mark 14.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-068705

  However, in the above-mentioned patent publication, the position when the opposing alignment mark 16 and the alignment mark 14 are composed of the same transparent hologram, that is, the positions when the two alignment marks are composed of the transparent hologram No specific mention is made regarding the adjustment method, the shape of the alignment marks, and the arrangement relationship between the alignment marks.

  Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide an optical device and an assembling method thereof which enable accurate and accurate alignment of the two hologram diffraction gratings in an optical device provided with two hologram diffraction gratings. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hologram diffraction grating that constitutes an optical device, a display device provided with such an optical device, and an alignment device that is suitable for performing the method of assembling such an optical device.

In order to achieve the above object, an optical device assembling method according to the first aspect or the second aspect of the present disclosure includes:
(A) A light guide plate that is emitted after incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection;
(B) first deflection means for deflecting light incident on the light guide plate so that light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate;
(C) a second deflection unit for deflecting the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate in order to cause a part of the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate to be emitted from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
The first hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region, and the first A alignment mark and 1B alignment marks are provided,
The second hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region, and the second A alignment mark and It is an assembling method of the optical apparatus provided with the 2B alignment mark.

In the assembling method of the optical device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure,
Optically detecting the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark, and optically detecting the first B alignment mark and the second B alignment mark;
A first straight line connecting the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark is determined, and a second straight line connecting the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark is determined.
The first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram so that the angle formed by the first straight line and the second straight line when the first straight line and the second straight line are projected onto a virtual plane is within a specified value. Perform relative alignment with the diffraction grating. Here, the term “total reflection” means total internal reflection or total reflection inside the light guide plate.

In the assembling method of the optical device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure,
In the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region are formed,
In the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region are formed.
With the second hologram diffraction grating supported by the support, light is incident on the light guide plate from the end face of the light guide plate, and the light diffracted and reflected by the 1A alignment mark and the 1B alignment mark is optically reflected. And detecting light incident on the support from the end face of the support, optically detecting the light diffracted and reflected by the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark, and the first hologram diffraction grating and the second Relative alignment with the hologram diffraction grating is performed.

In order to achieve the above object, a hologram diffraction grating of the present disclosure is a hologram diffraction grating having an interference fringe formation region in which an interference fringe is formed,
Two alignment marks are provided on the outside of the interference fringe formation region in the direction in which the interference fringes extend so as to face the interference fringe formation region.
In each alignment mark, the same interference fringe as the interference fringe provided in the interference fringe formation area is formed,
The planar shape of each alignment mark is annular.

In order to achieve the above object, an optical device of the present disclosure is provided.
(A) A light guide plate that is emitted after incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection;
(B) first deflection means for deflecting light incident on the light guide plate so that light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate;
(C) a second deflection unit for deflecting the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate in order to cause a part of the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate to be emitted from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
The first hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region, and the first A alignment mark and 1B alignment marks are provided,
The second hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region, and the second A alignment mark and A 2B alignment mark is provided;
In the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region are formed,
The second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark are optical devices in which the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region are formed. And
In a state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark are shaped so as not to overlap with each other. The mark and the 2A alignment mark have a shape such that the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark have, or
In the state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark is positioned so that the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark do not overlap with each other. The mark and the 2A alignment mark are arranged, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are arranged at a position where the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap.

In order to achieve the above object, a display device of the present disclosure is provided.
(A) a frame (for example, a glasses-type frame) attached to the head of the observer, and
(B) Image display device attached to the frame,
Equipped with
The image display device is
(A) an image forming apparatus, and
(B) an optical device that receives and emits light emitted from the image forming apparatus;
Equipped with
The optical device comprises the optical device of the present disclosure as described above.

An alignment apparatus of the present disclosure for achieving the above object is:
A stage that is movable in the X, Y, and Z directions and that is rotatable in the XY plane;
A first light source for allowing light to enter the light guide plate from an end face of the light guide plate placed on the stage and provided with the first hologram diffraction grating;
A second light source for causing light to enter the support from the end face of the support that supports the second hologram diffraction grating above the first hologram diffraction grating;
An optical image of the first A alignment mark based on the light incident from the first light source and diffracted and reflected by the first A alignment mark provided on the first hologram diffraction grating, and incident from the second light source; A first imaging device for detecting an optical image of the second A alignment mark based on the light diffracted and reflected by the second A alignment mark provided on the second hologram diffraction grating; and
An optical image of the 1B alignment mark based on the light incident from the first light source and diffracted and reflected by the 1B alignment mark provided on the first hologram diffraction grating, and incident from the second light source, A second imaging device is provided for detecting an optical image of the second B alignment mark based on light diffracted and reflected by the second B alignment mark provided on the second hologram diffraction grating.

  In the method of assembling an optical device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, a first straight line connecting the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark is determined, and the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment are obtained. Find a second straight line connecting the mark and project the first straight line and the second straight line on the virtual plane so that the angle between the first straight line and the second straight line is within the specified value. The relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed. Therefore, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating can be performed based on a simplified method. Further, in the method of assembling the optical device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, light is made to enter the light guide plate from the end face of the light guide plate in a state where the second hologram diffraction grating is supported by the support. The light diffracted and reflected by the 1A alignment mark and the 1B alignment mark is optically detected, and light is made to enter the support from the end face of the support, and the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are diffracted The reflected light is optically detected, and relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed. Therefore, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating can be performed based on a simplified method. Furthermore, in the hologram diffraction grating of the present disclosure, the alignment mark has the same interference fringe as the interference fringe provided in the interference fringe formation region, and the planar shape of the alignment mark is annular. In the disclosed optical device or the display device according to the present disclosure, in the state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark are displayed. The shapes of the alignment mark, the 1B alignment mark, and the 2B alignment mark are defined, or alternatively, the arrangement of these alignment marks is defined. Therefore, the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating can be reliably and easily performed based on the simplified method. In the alignment apparatus of the present disclosure, the first light source for causing light to enter the light guide plate from the end surface of the light guide plate placed on the stage and provided with the first hologram diffraction grating, and the first Since the second light source for making the light incident on the support from the end face of the support that supports the second hologram diffraction grating is provided above the hologram diffraction grating of FIG. And it can detect easily. Note that the effects described in the present specification are merely examples and are not limited, and may have additional effects.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual view of an image display device in the display device of the first embodiment. FIGS. 2A and 2B are a schematic view of the light guide plate in the display device of Example 1 as viewed from the side opposite to the viewer and a schematic view as viewed from the same side as the viewer. FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic partial plan views of a light guide plate and the like for describing the alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams of a light guide plate and the like for explaining the alignment of the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating in the modification of the example shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. FIG. FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are schematic partial cross-sectional views of a light guide plate and the like for describing alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating in the display device of Example 1 in an enlarged manner. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 1 as viewed from above. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 1 as viewed from the front. FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic views of the display device of Example 1 as viewed from the side, and diagrams schematically showing the propagation of light in a light guide plate constituting the image display device. FIG. 10 is a conceptual view of an image display device in the display device of the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 3 as viewed from the front. FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 3 (provided that the frame is assumed to be removed) as viewed from the front. FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 3 as viewed from above. FIG. 14 is a view of the state in which the display device of Example 3 is mounted on the observer's head as viewed from above (however, only the image display device is shown, and the frame is not shown). FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 4 as viewed from the front. FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 4 (however, it is assumed that the frame is removed) as viewed from the front. FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 4 as viewed from above. FIG. 18 is a conceptual view of a modified example of the image forming apparatus suitable for use in the first to fourth embodiments. FIG. 19 is a conceptual view showing another modified example of the image forming apparatus suitable for use in the first to fourth embodiments. FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram showing still another modified example of the image forming apparatus suitable for use in the first to fourth embodiments. FIG. 21 is a conceptual diagram showing still another modification of the image forming apparatus suitable for use in the first to fourth embodiments. FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram showing still another modified example of the image forming apparatus suitable for use in the first to fourth embodiments.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the examples, and various numerical values and materials in the examples are examples. The description will be made in the following order.
1. The optical device of the present disclosure, the assembling method of the optical device according to the first and second aspects of the present disclosure, the hologram diffraction grating of the present disclosure, the display device of the present disclosure, and the alignment device of the present disclosure 2. Example 1 (Optical Device of the Present Disclosure, Method of Assembling Optical Device According to First to Second Aspects of the Present Disclosure, Hologram Diffraction Grating of the Present Disclosure, Display Device of the Present Disclosure, and Alignment Device of the Present Disclosure )
3. Example 2 (Modification of Example 1)
4. Embodiment 3 (Modification of Embodiments 1 and 2)
5. Example 4 (Modification of Example 3), Others

[Optical Device of the Present Disclosure, Method of Assembling Optical Device According to First to Second Aspects of the Present Disclosure, Holographic Diffraction Grating of the Present Disclosure, Display Device of the Present Disclosure, and Alignment Device of the Present Disclosure, Generally) Description]
In the method of assembling an optical device according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating are disposed in the light guide plate in a state in which the first hologram diffraction grating is disposed. The relative alignment with the hologram diffraction grating may be performed, and the second hologram diffraction grating may be disposed on the light guide plate. And in this case, it is preferable to perform relative movement of the light guide plate with respect to the second hologram diffraction grating in a state where the first hologram diffraction grating is disposed in the light guide plate. Furthermore, in these cases, the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating are aligned relative to each other after the first hologram diffraction grating is bonded to or formed on the light guide plate. The second hologram diffraction grating may be bonded to the light guide plate, but is not limited thereto.

In the assembling method of the optical device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the various preferred embodiments described above,
In a state where the second hologram diffraction grating is supported by the support, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating can be performed. And in this case
In the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region are formed,
In the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region are formed,
The light is made incident on the light guide plate from the end face of the light guide plate, and the light diffracted and reflected by the first A alignment mark and the 1 B alignment mark is optically detected,
Light may be incident on the support from the end face of the support, and the light diffracted and reflected by the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark may be optically detected.

Further, in the above-described configuration of the optical device assembling method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, or alternatively, the optical apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure including the various preferred embodiments described above. In the assembly method of
In a state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark are shaped so as not to overlap with each other. The 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark may have a shape such that the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap with each other. Or again
In the state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark is positioned so that the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark do not overlap with each other. The mark and the 2A alignment mark are arranged, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are arranged at a position where the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap with each other. It can be done.

From such a first light source in the method of assembling an optical device according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure, or from the first light source in the alignment device of the present disclosure, an alignment mark of 1A and The light incident on the 1B alignment mark is diffracted and reflected by the 1A alignment mark and the 1B alignment mark, and is emitted from the light guide plate at an exit angle i _out , from the second light source. The light that is incident on the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark is diffracted and reflected by the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark, and is emitted from the light guide plate at an exit angle _iout. It is preferable that the light is emitted. Here, 0 degrees can be illustrated as the emitting angle i _out . Further, the wavelength of light emitted from the first light source and the incident angle to the light guide plate may be selected so that such a state can be obtained, and the second light source can be obtained so that such a state can be obtained. The wavelength of the light emitted from the light source and the incident angle to the support may be selected. Preferably, the parallel light is emitted from the first light source and the parallel light is emitted from the second light source.

  Furthermore, the assembling method of the optical device according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure including various preferred embodiments and configurations described above, the optical device of the present disclosure, and the display device of the present disclosure The 1A alignment mark and the 2A alignment mark can be imaged by the first imaging device, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark can be imaged by the second imaging device. The imaging device may be an imaging device having a known configuration and structure.

Furthermore, in the optical device assembly method, the optical device of the present disclosure, and the display device of the present disclosure according to the first to second aspects of the present disclosure including the various preferable modes and configurations described above,
The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The second hologram diffraction grating may be disposed on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the light guide plate.

Furthermore, in the method of assembling an optical device according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure including various preferred embodiments and configurations described above, the optical device of the present disclosure, the display device of the present disclosure, When the pitch of the interference fringes is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , the pitch of the second interference fringes is P ₂ , and the slant angle is φ ₂ ,
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ = φ ₂ , or
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂ , or
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
Can be obtained.

  Furthermore, in the optical device assembling method, the optical device of the present disclosure, and the display device of the present disclosure according to the first to second aspects of the present disclosure including the various preferable modes and configurations described above, The first alignment mark, the first alignment mark, the second alignment mark, and the second alignment mark may be arranged on the end side of the light guide plate.

  Furthermore, in the method of assembling an optical device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including various preferred embodiments and configurations described above, the maximum value of the prescribed value is preferably 100 seconds, but is limited thereto It is not a thing.

  Furthermore, in the method of assembling the optical device according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure including various preferred embodiments and configurations described above, the optical device of the present disclosure, the display device of the present disclosure, the second The deflecting means may be configured by a hologram diffraction grating. In this case, the value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflecting means is preferably lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflecting means. By making the value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflection means lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflection means, it is possible to achieve homogenization of the image observed by the observer along the axial direction of the light guide plate. In order to make the value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflecting means lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflecting means, for example, the thickness of the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflecting means is set to the first deflecting means. What is necessary is just to make it thinner than the thickness of the hologram diffraction grating. In addition, the hologram diffraction grating which comprises a 2nd deflection | deviation means may be called "3rd hologram diffraction grating" for convenience hereafter.

  Further, in the hologram diffraction grating of the present disclosure, each alignment mark can be provided outside the portion of the interference fringe formation region on the opposite side to the portion where the light of the interference fringe formation region is emitted. .

  Optical Device of the Present Disclosure Including Various Preferred Embodiments and Configurations Described Above, Method of Assembling Optical Device According to First and Second Aspects of the Present Disclosure, Hologram Diffraction Grating of the Present Disclosure, Display Device of the Present Disclosure In this case, a reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating can be used as the hologram diffraction grating. The reflective volume hologram diffraction grating means a hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects only + 1st order diffracted light. In the first deflecting means, at least a part of the parallel light incident on the light guide plate is diffracted and reflected so that the parallel light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate. On the other hand, in the second deflecting means, the parallel light propagating through the light guide plate by total reflection is diffracted and reflected a plurality of times and emitted from the light guide plate in a parallel light state.

  The optical device assembled by the optical device assembling method according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure constitutes, for example, a display device such as a head-mounted display (HMD). For example, a head-mounted display can be configured by the display device of the present disclosure. This makes it possible to reduce the weight and size of the display device, significantly reduce discomfort when the display device is mounted, and further reduce the manufacturing cost. .

  In the display device of the present disclosure, the optical device can be transmissive or semi-transmissive (see-through). Specifically, at least the portion of the optical device that faces the observer's pupil is made transmissive or semi-transmissive (see-through), and the outside scene can be viewed through these portions of the optical device. The display device may include one image display device (one-eye type) or two (binary type).

  In this specification, the term "semi-transmissive" may be used, but it does not mean to transmit or reflect half (50%) of incident light, but a part of incident light Is used in the sense of transmitting the remaining part.

  The optical device of the present disclosure or the display device of the present disclosure can perform monochrome (for example, green) image display. Then, in this case, the angle of view is divided into, for example, two (more specifically, two, for example), and the first deflection unit is configured by two hologram diffraction gratings corresponding to each of the two divided groups of the angle of view. It can be set as the structure laminated | stacked. Alternatively, when color image display is performed, diffraction diffraction reflection of P types of light having different P types (for example, P = 3, three types of red, green, and blue) wavelength bands (or wavelengths) is possible. In order to make it correspond, each of the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means can be configured by stacking P-layer hologram diffraction gratings. In this case, each hologram diffraction grating has one wavelength band. Interference fringes corresponding to (or wavelength) are formed. Alternatively, for example, a hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects light having a red wavelength band (or wavelength) is disposed on the first light guide plate, and a green wavelength band (or wavelength) is disposed on the second light guide plate. A hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects the light that is included, and a hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects light having a blue wavelength band (or wavelength) is disposed on the third light guide plate. A structure in which the two light guide plates and the third light guide plate are stacked with a gap may be employed. And, by adopting these configurations, increase of diffraction efficiency when light having each wavelength band (or wavelength) is diffracted and reflected by the hologram diffraction grating, increase of diffraction acceptance angle, optimization of diffraction reflection angle Can be achieved. The layering of the hologram diffraction grating may be performed using the alignment device of the present disclosure based on the method of assembling an optical device according to the first aspect or the second aspect of the present disclosure, and the hologram diffraction grating A hologram diffraction grating of It is preferable to arrange a protective member so that the hologram diffraction grating does not directly contact the atmosphere.

  A photopolymer material can be mentioned as a material which comprises a hologram diffraction grating. The constituent material and basic structure of the hologram diffraction grating may be the same as those of the conventional hologram diffraction grating. In the hologram diffraction grating, interference fringes are formed from the inside to the surface, but the method of forming the interference fringes per se may be the same as the conventional forming method. Specifically, for example, a member which irradiates object light from a first predetermined direction on one side with respect to a member (for example, a photopolymer material) constituting the hologram diffraction grating, and at the same time, a member constituting the hologram diffraction grating The reference light may be irradiated from a second predetermined direction on the other side, and interference fringes formed by the object light and the reference light may be recorded inside the member constituting the hologram diffraction grating. By appropriately selecting the first predetermined direction, the second predetermined direction, the wavelength of the object light and the reference light, the desired pitch of the interference fringes on the surface of the hologram diffraction grating, the desired slant angle of the interference fringes ( (Tilt angle) can be obtained. The slant angle of the interference fringes means the angle between the surface of the hologram diffraction grating and the interference fringes.

The optical device can be manufactured, for example, by the following method.
(A-1) The first hologram diffraction grating and the third hologram diffraction grating are formed on the first surface of the manufacturing substrate (in some cases, also serving as a support).
(A-2) A second hologram diffraction grating is formed on the second surface of the production substrate.
(A-3) The first hologram diffraction grating and the third hologram diffraction grating formed on the first surface of the manufacturing substrate are transferred to the first surface of the light guide plate, and formed on the second surface of the manufacturing substrate The second hologram diffraction grating is transferred to the second surface of the light guide plate.

Or again
(B-1) The first hologram diffraction grating and the third hologram diffraction grating are formed on the first surface of the light guide plate.
(B-2) A second hologram diffraction grating is formed on a manufacturing substrate (in some cases, also serving as a support).
(B-3) The second hologram diffraction grating formed on the manufacturing substrate is transferred to the second surface of the light guide plate.

Or again
(C-1) A second hologram diffraction grating is formed on the second surface of the light guide plate.
(C-2) The first hologram diffraction grating and the third hologram diffraction grating are formed on a production substrate (also serving as a support in some cases).
(C-3) The first hologram diffraction grating and the third hologram diffraction grating formed on the production substrate are transferred to the first surface of the light guide plate.

Or again
(D-1) The first hologram diffraction grating and the third hologram diffraction grating are formed on a first manufacturing substrate.
(D-2) A second hologram diffraction grating is formed on a second manufacturing substrate (also serving as a support in some cases).
(D-3) A first hologram diffraction grating and a third hologram diffraction grating formed on the first manufacturing substrate are transferred to the first surface of the light guide plate, and a second manufacturing substrate is formed The second hologram diffraction grating is transferred to the second surface of the light guide plate.

Or again
(E-1) A first hologram diffraction grating is formed on a first manufacturing substrate.
(E-2) A second hologram diffraction grating is formed on a second manufacturing substrate (in some cases, also serving as a support).
(E-3) A third hologram diffraction grating is formed on the third manufacturing substrate.
(E-4) transferring the first hologram diffraction grating formed on the first manufacturing substrate and the third hologram diffraction grating formed on the third manufacturing substrate onto the first surface of the light guide plate; The second hologram diffraction grating formed on the second manufacturing substrate is transferred to the second surface of the light guide plate.

  In the image display device, the image forming device may have a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. The configuration of such an image forming apparatus will be referred to as the “image forming apparatus of the first configuration” for the sake of convenience.

  As an image forming apparatus having the first configuration, for example, an image forming apparatus including a reflective spatial light modulator and a light source; an image forming apparatus including a transmissive spatial light modulator and a light source; a light emitting diode (LED), Examples of the image forming apparatus include a light emitting element such as a semiconductor laser element, an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element, and an inorganic EL element. Among them, an image forming apparatus including a reflective spatial light modulator and a light source. It is preferable that Examples of spatial light modulation devices include light valves, for example, transmissive or reflective liquid crystal displays such as LCOS (Liquid Crystal On Silicon), and digital micro mirror devices (DMDs). Can be mentioned. Furthermore, the reflection type spatial light modulation device reflects the liquid crystal display device and part of the light from the light source and guides it to the liquid crystal display device, and passes part of the light reflected by the liquid crystal display device. It can be made up of a polarization beam splitter that leads to an optical system. Examples of the light emitting element that constitutes the light source include a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, and a white light emitting element, or red light emitted from the red light emitting element, the green light emitting element, and the blue light emitting element. Alternatively, white light may be obtained by mixing green light and blue light with a light pipe and performing luminance uniformity. And as a light emitting element which concerns, a semiconductor laser element, a solid state laser, and LED can be illustrated, for example. The number of pixels may be determined based on the specifications required for the image display device, and specific values of the number of pixels are 320 × 240, 432 × 240, 640 × 480, 854 × 480, 1024 × 768, 1920 × 1080 or the like can be illustrated. A collimating optical system to be described later has a function of converting positional information of pixels into angle information in an optical system of the light guiding means. As the collimating optical system, an optical system having a positive optical power as a whole, which is a single lens or a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, a free-form surface prism, and a hologram lens, can be exemplified.

  Alternatively, in the image display apparatus, the image forming apparatus may include a light source and a scanning unit that scans the parallel light emitted from the light source. The configuration of such an image forming apparatus will be referred to as the “image forming apparatus of the second configuration” for the sake of convenience.

  Examples of the light source in the image forming apparatus having the second configuration include a light emitting element, and specifically include a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, and a white light emitting element, or a red light emitting element. White light may be obtained by mixing the red light, green light and blue light emitted from the light emitting element, the green light emitting element and the blue light emitting element using a light pipe, and making the luminance uniform. As a light emitting element, a semiconductor laser element, a solid state laser, and LED can be illustrated, for example. The number of pixels (virtual pixels) in the image forming apparatus of the second configuration may also be determined based on the specifications required of the image display apparatus, and 320 as a specific value of the number of pixels (virtual pixels) It can be exemplified by × 240, 432 × 240, 640 × 480, 854 × 480, 1024 × 768, 1920 × 1080, and the like. When color image display is performed and the light source includes a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element, it is preferable to perform color synthesis using, for example, a cross prism. As scanning means, for example, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) having a micro mirror rotatable in a two-dimensional direction or galvano mirror which horizontally and vertically scans light emitted from a light source can be mentioned. The relay optical system to be described next may be configured by a known relay optical system.

  In the image forming apparatus having the first configuration or the image forming apparatus having the second configuration, an optical system (an optical system in which outgoing light is parallel light, which may be referred to as “parallel light outgoing optical system”) For example, light collimated into a plurality of parallel beams by a collimating optical system or a relay optical system is made incident on the light guide plate. Such a requirement for the parallel light is that these light beams are transmitted to the light guide plate It is based on the fact that the light wavefront information at the time of incidence needs to be stored even after being emitted from the light guide plate via the first deflection means and the second deflection means. In order to generate a plurality of parallel beams, specifically, for example, the light emitting portion of the image forming apparatus may be positioned at a focal distance (position) in the parallel light emitting optical system. . The parallel light emission optical system has a function of converting the position information of the pixel into angle information in the optical system of the optical device. As the parallel light emitting optical system, an optical system having a positive optical power as a whole, which is a single lens or a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, a free-form surface prism, and a hologram lens, can be exemplified. A light shielding portion having an opening may be disposed between the parallel light emitting optical system and the light guide plate so that undesired light is not emitted from the parallel light emitting optical system and is not incident on the light guide plate.

  Alternatively, for example, as an image forming apparatus or light source including a light emitting element and a light valve, a liquid crystal having a backlight emitting white light as a whole, a red light emitting pixel, a green light emitting pixel, and a blue light emitting pixel In addition to the combination with the display device, the following configurations can be exemplified.

[Image forming apparatus-A]
Image forming apparatus-A
(Α) A first image forming apparatus comprising a first light emitting panel in which first light emitting elements emitting blue light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix,
(Β) a second image forming apparatus comprising a second light emitting panel in which second light emitting elements emitting green light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix,
(Γ) a third image forming apparatus including a third light emitting panel in which third light emitting elements emitting red light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and
(Δ) Means for collecting light emitted from the first image forming apparatus, the second image forming apparatus, and the third image forming apparatus into one optical path (for example, a dichroic prism; the same applies to the following description) Is),
Equipped with
The light emitting / non-light emitting states of the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, and the third light emitting element are controlled.

[Image forming apparatus-B]
Image forming apparatus-B
(Α) A first light emitting element for emitting blue light, and a first light passage control device for controlling passage / non-passage of emitted light emitted from the first light emitting element for emitting blue light [a kind of light valve A first image forming apparatus comprising, for example, a liquid crystal display device, a digital micromirror device (DMD), and LCOS, and the same in the following description.
(Β) From a second light emitting element that emits green light, and a second light passage control device (light valve) for controlling passing / non-passing of emitted light emitted from the second light emitting element that emits green light A second image forming apparatus, and
(Γ) From the third light emitting element emitting red light, and the third light passage control device (light valve) for controlling passing / non-passing of emitted light emitted from the third light emitting element emitting red light A third image forming apparatus comprising:
(Δ) means for collecting light that has passed through the first light passage control device, the second light passage control device, and the third light passage control device into one optical path;
Equipped with
An image is displayed by controlling the passage / non-passage of the emitted light emitted from these light emitting elements by the light passage control device. A light guide member, a microlens array, a mirror or a reflection as a means (light guide member) for guiding emitted light emitted from the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, and the third light emitting element to the light passage control device A plate and a condensing lens can be exemplified.

[Image forming apparatus-C]
Image forming apparatus C is
(Α) First light emitting panel in which first light emitting elements emitting blue light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and blue light passing for controlling passing / non-passing of emitted light emitted from the first light emitting panel A first image forming apparatus comprising a controller (light valve);
(Β) A second light emitting panel in which second light emitting elements emitting green light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and green light passing for controlling passing / non-passing of emitted light emitted from the second light emitting panel A second image forming apparatus comprising a controller (light valve),
(Γ) Third light emitting panel in which third light emitting elements emitting red light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and red light passing for controlling passing / non-passing of emitted light emitted from the third light emitting panel A third image forming apparatus comprising a controller (light valve), and
(Δ) A blue light passage control device, a green light passage control device, and a means for collecting the light passing through the red light passage control device in one light path,
An image is displayed by controlling passage / non-passage of the emitted light emitted from the first light emitting panel, the second light emitting panel, and the third light emitting panel by a light passage control device (light valve).

[Image forming apparatus-D]
The image forming apparatus-D is a field sequential color display image forming apparatus,
(Α) a first image forming apparatus including a first light emitting element that emits blue light;
(Β) a second image forming apparatus including a second light emitting element that emits green light, and
(Γ) a third image forming apparatus including a third light emitting element that emits red light, and
(Δ) means for collecting light emitted from the first image forming apparatus, the second image forming apparatus, and the third image forming apparatus into one optical path;
(Ε) a light passage control device (light valve) for controlling the passage / non-passage of the light emitted from the means for collecting in one optical path;
Equipped with
An image is displayed by controlling the passage / non-passage of the emitted light emitted from these light emitting elements by the light passage control device.

[Image forming apparatus-E]
The image forming apparatus-E is also a field sequential color display image forming apparatus,
(Α) A first image forming apparatus comprising a first light emitting panel in which first light emitting elements emitting blue light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix,
(Β) a second image forming apparatus comprising a second light emitting panel in which second light emitting elements emitting green light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix,
(Γ) a third image forming apparatus including a third light emitting panel in which third light emitting elements emitting red light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and
(Δ) a unit for collecting light emitted from each of the first image forming apparatus, the second image forming apparatus, and the third image forming apparatus in one optical path;
(Ε) a light passage control device (light valve) for controlling the passage / non-passage of the light emitted from the means for collecting in one optical path;
Equipped with
An image is displayed by controlling the passage / non-passage of the emitted light emitted from these light emitting panels by the light passage control device.

[Image forming apparatus-F]
The image forming apparatus-F displays an image by controlling light emitting / non-light emitting states of the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, and the third light emitting element, of passive matrix type or active matrix type color display It is an image forming apparatus.

[Image forming apparatus-G]
The image forming apparatus G includes a light passage control device (light valve) for controlling passage / non-passage of light emitted from the light emitting element units arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the light emitting element unit The respective light emitting / non-light emitting states of the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, and the third light emitting element are time-division controlled, and further, from the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, and the third light emitting element by the light passage control device. This is a field sequential color display image forming apparatus that displays an image by controlling passage / non-passage of emitted light.

  The light guide plate has two parallel surfaces (a first surface and a second surface) extending in parallel with the axis of the light guide plate (longitudinal direction, horizontal direction, for convenience, referred to as “x-axis”). The width direction (height direction, vertical direction) of the light guide plate is referred to as “y axis” for convenience. When the surface of the light guide plate on which light is incident is the light guide plate incident surface, and the surface of the light guide plate from which light is emitted is the light guide plate exit surface, even if the light guide plate incident surface and the light guide plate exit surface are configured by the second surface. Alternatively, the light guide plate entrance surface may be configured by the first surface, and the light guide plate exit surface may be configured by the second surface. The interference fringes of the hologram diffraction grating extend generally parallel to the y-axis.

  A first A alignment mark and a first B alignment mark are provided outside the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to face each other with the first interference fringe formation region interposed therebetween. Specifically, the projection image of the first interference fringe formation region on the xz plane may include the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark, or the first interference fringe formation region. A first projected image of the portion of the first hologram diffraction grating located on the end side of the light guide plate (sometimes referred to as “end region of the first hologram diffraction grating” for convenience) on the xz plane. And the first alignment mark may be included. Similarly, the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region. Specifically, the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark may be included in the projected image of the second interference fringe formation region on the xz plane, or the second interference pattern may be included. A projected image of the portion of the second hologram diffraction grating located on the end side of the light guide plate with respect to the stripe formation region (sometimes called “the end region of the second hologram diffraction grating” for convenience) on the xz plane 2A alignment mark and 2B alignment mark may be included.

  As a material constituting the light guide plate, glass containing optical glass such as quartz glass or BK7, or plastic material (for example, PMMA, polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, amorphous polypropylene resin, styrene resin containing AS resin) ). The shape of the light guide plate is not limited to a flat plate, and may have a curved shape. Examples of the material constituting the support include materials constituting the light guide plate, other plastic films, and dicing tape (dicing film).

  In the display device according to the present disclosure, the frame may include a front portion disposed in front of the observer and two temple portions that are rotatably attached to both ends of the front portion via hinges. it can. A modern part is attached to the tip of each temple part. Although the image display device is attached to the frame, specifically, for example, the image forming device may be attached to the temple portion. In addition, the front portion and the two temple portions may be integrated. That is, when looking at the entire display device of the present disclosure, the frame has substantially the same structure as ordinary glasses. The material which comprises the flame | frame containing a pad part can be comprised from the same material as the materials which comprise normal spectacles, such as a metal, an alloy, a plastics, and these combination. Furthermore, a nose pad may be attached to the front portion. That is, when looking at the entire display device of the present disclosure, the assembly of the frame and the nose pad has substantially the same structure as ordinary glasses except that there is no rim. The nose pad can also have a known configuration and structure.

  Further, in the display device of the present disclosure, from the viewpoint of design or ease of mounting, the wiring (signal line, power supply line, etc.) from one or two image forming apparatuses is a temple portion, It is desirable that the tip of the modern part extends to the outside through the inside of the modern part and is connected to the control device (control circuit or control means). Furthermore, each image forming apparatus includes a headphone section, and the headphone section wiring from each image forming apparatus is routed from the tip of the modern section to the headphone section via the temple section and the interior of the modern section. It can also be made into the extended form. Examples of the headphone unit include an inner ear type headphone unit and a canal type headphone unit. More specifically, the headphone part wiring preferably has a form extending from the tip part of the modern part to the headphone part so as to wrap around the back side of the auricle (ear shell).

  The imaging device may be attached to a central portion of the front portion. Specifically, the imaging device is constituted of, for example, a solid-state imaging device including a CCD or a CMOS sensor and a lens. The wiring from the imaging device may be connected to, for example, one of the image display devices (or the image forming device) via the front part, and further, is included in the wiring extending from the image display device (or the image forming device) That's fine.

  A light beam emitted from the center of the image forming apparatus and passed through a node on the image forming apparatus side of the optical system is referred to as a “central light beam”, and a central light beam that enters the optical device perpendicularly is referred to as a “central incident light beam”. . The point at which the central incident light beam enters the optical device is taken as the optical device central point, passes through the optical device central point, and the axis parallel to the axial direction of the optical device passes through the x axis and the optical device central point. Let z be the axis that coincides with the normal to. The horizontal direction in the display device of the present disclosure is a direction parallel to the x-axis, and may be hereinafter referred to as “x-axis direction”. Here, the optical system is disposed between the image forming apparatus and the optical apparatus, and the light emitted from the image forming apparatus is converted into parallel light. Then, the light beam converted into parallel light by the optical system is incident on the optical device, guided, and emitted. In addition, the central point of the first deflection means is referred to as “optical device central point”.

Alternatively, if the display device is a binocular type,
The light guide plate is disposed closer to the center of the observer's face than the image forming apparatus as a whole.
A coupling member that couples the two image display devices;
The coupling member is attached to the viewer facing side of the central portion of the frame located between the two pupils of the viewer,
The projection image of the coupling member may be included in the projection image of the frame.

  In this manner, the coupling member is attached to the central portion of the frame located between the two pupils of the observer, ie, the image display device is attached directly to the frame. Otherwise, when the observer wears the frame on the head, the temple portion is spread outward, and as a result, even if the frame is deformed, the deformation of the frame causes the image forming apparatus to Alternatively, displacement (position change) of the light guide plate does not occur, or if it occurs, it is very slight. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the convergence angle of the left and right images from changing. Moreover, since it is not necessary to increase the rigidity of the front portion of the frame, the weight increase of the frame, the decrease in designability, and the increase in cost are not caused. In addition, since the image display device is not directly attached to the eyeglass-type frame, it is possible to freely select the frame design, color, etc. according to the preference of the observer, and the frame design is limited. There are few, and the freedom degree in design is high. In addition, the coupling member is disposed between the viewer and the frame, and the projection image of the coupling member is included in the projection image of the frame. In other words, when looking at the head mounted display from the front of the observer, the connecting member is hidden by the frame. Therefore, high design and design can be provided to the head mounted display.

  Note that the coupling member is configured to be attached to the side facing the observer of the central part of the front part (corresponding to the bridge part in normal glasses) located between the two pupils of the observer. Is preferred.

  Although the two image display devices are coupled by the coupling member, specifically, the image forming apparatus may be attached to each end of the coupling member so as to be capable of adjusting the attachment state. And, in this case, each image forming apparatus is preferably configured to be located outside the pupil of the observer. Furthermore, in such a configuration, the distance between the center of the mounting portion of one image forming apparatus and one end of the frame (one end, one end) is α, and one end of the frame from the center of the coupling member Assuming that the distance to (one wisdom) is β, the distance between the center of the mounting portion of the other image forming apparatus and one end of the frame (one wisdom) is γ, and the length of the frame is L, 0. 01 × L ≦ α ≦ 0.30 × L, preferably 0.05 × L ≦ α ≦ 0.25 × L, 0.35 × L ≦ β ≦ 0.65 × L, preferably 0.45 × It is desirable to satisfy L ≦ β ≦ 0.55 × L, 0.70 × L ≦ γ ≦ 0.99 × L, and preferably satisfy 0.75 × L ≦ γ ≦ 0.95 × L. Specifically, for the attachment of the image forming apparatus to each end of the coupling member, for example, through holes are provided at three positions of each end of the coupling member, and screwing portions corresponding to the through holes are used in the image forming apparatus. A screw is inserted through each through hole and screwed into a screwing portion provided in the image forming apparatus. A spring is inserted between the screw and the screwing portion. Thus, the mounting state of the image forming apparatus (the inclination of the image forming apparatus with respect to the coupling member) can be adjusted by the tightening state of the screws.

  Here, the center of the attachment portion of the image forming apparatus is a projection image of the image forming apparatus obtained when the image forming apparatus and the frame are projected onto a virtual plane in a state where the image forming apparatus is attached to the coupling member. It points to the bisector along the axial direction of the frame of the overlapping part of the projection image of the frame. Further, the center of the coupling member refers to a bisector along the axial direction of the frame of a portion where the coupling member is in contact with the frame in a state where the coupling member is attached to the frame. The length of the frame is the length of the projected image of the frame if the frame is curved. The projection direction is a direction perpendicular to the face of the observer.

  Alternatively, although the two image display devices are coupled by the coupling member, specifically, the coupling member may be configured to couple the two light guide plates. In addition, there are cases where two light guide plates are manufactured integrally, and in such a case, the coupling member is attached to the integrally manufactured light guide plate. It is included in a form in which two light guide plates are combined. When the distance between the center of one image forming apparatus and one end of the frame is α ′, and the distance between the center of the other image forming apparatus and one end of the frame is γ ′, α ′ and γ ′ The values are preferably the same as the values of α and γ described above. The center of the image forming apparatus means that the projection image of the image forming apparatus obtained when the image forming apparatus and the frame are projected on a virtual plane when the image forming apparatus is attached to the light guide plate is the projection of the frame. A bisection point along the axial direction of the frame where the image overlaps.

  The shape of the coupling member is essentially arbitrary as long as the projection image of the coupling member is included in the projection image of the frame, and examples thereof include a rod shape and an elongated plate shape. Examples of the material constituting the coupling member include metals, alloys, plastics, and combinations thereof.

  Example 1 is an optical device of the present disclosure, a method of assembling the optical device according to the first and second aspects of the present disclosure, a hologram diffraction grating of the present disclosure, a display device of the present disclosure (specifically, a head The present invention relates to a partially mounted display (HMD), and the alignment apparatus of the present disclosure. The conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus in the display apparatus of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1, the schematic diagram which looked at the light-guide plate in the display apparatus of Example 1 from the opposite side to an observer, and the view from the same side as an observer The schematic diagrams are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. 2A and 2B, the first interference fringe formation region and the second interference fringe formation region are hatched to clearly show the first interference fringe formation region and the second interference fringe formation region. . Furthermore, FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating in the display device of Example 1, and a schematic view of the display device of Example 1 as viewed from above. 7, a schematic view of the display device of Example 1 viewed from the front is shown in FIG. 8, and a schematic view of the display device of Example 1 viewed from the side is shown in FIG. 9A. FIG. 9B schematically shows light propagation in the optical plate.

More specifically, the display device of Example 1 or Example 2 described later is a head-mounted display (HMD),
(A) a frame (for example, a glasses-type frame 10) attached to the head of the observer 20, and
(B) Image display devices 100 and 200 attached to the frame 10
Is equipped. The image display devices 100 and 200 in the first embodiment or the second embodiment to be described later are
(A) Image forming apparatuses 111, 111A, 111B, 211, and
(B) an optical device (light guide unit) that receives and emits light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111, 111A, 111B, and 211;
Is equipped. Furthermore,
(C) Optical system (parallel light output optical system) 112, 254 that collimates light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211,
The light beams collimated by the optical systems 112 and 254 are incident on the optical device 120 and emitted. The optical device is composed of the optical device 120 of the first embodiment. Specifically, although the display apparatus according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment to be described later is a binocular type including two image display apparatuses, it may be a single eye type including one. The image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 display, for example, a single color (for example, green) image.

  The image display devices 100 and 200 may be fixedly attached to the frame 10 or may be detachably attached. The optical systems 112 and 254 are disposed between the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical apparatus 120. Then, the light beam that has been converted into parallel light by the optical systems 112 and 254 is incident on the optical device 120 and emitted. The optical device 120 is a transflective type (see-through type). Specifically, at least a portion of the optical device that faces both eyes of the observer 20 (more specifically, a light guide plate 121 and a second deflecting unit 140 described later) is semi-transmissive (see-through).

  In the first exemplary embodiment or the second exemplary embodiment to be described later, among the light beams (central light beams CL) emitted from the centers of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and passing through the image forming apparatus side nodes of the optical systems 112 and 254, the optical apparatus 120 The point at which the vertically incident central incident light beam enters the optical device 120 is defined as the optical device center point O, passes through the optical device central point O, and the axis parallel to the axial direction of the optical device 120 is the y axis. An axis passing through O and coinciding with the normal of the optical device 120 is taken as the z-axis. The central point of the first deflection means 130 is the optical device central point O. That is, as shown in FIG. 9B, in the image display apparatuses 100 and 200, the central incident light beam CL emitted from the centers of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and passed through the image forming apparatus side nodes of the optical systems 112 and 254 is guided. It collides vertically with the light plate 121. In other words, the central incident light beam CL enters the light guide plate 121 at an incident angle of 0 degrees. And, in this case, the center of the displayed image coincides with the perpendicular direction of the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121.

In the optical device according to the present disclosure, the optical device in the display device according to the present disclosure, and the method for assembling the optical device according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the optical device according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment described later. 120 is
(A) after the incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection, the light guide plate 121 is emitted;
(B) a first deflection unit 130 for deflecting the light incident on the light guide plate 121 such that the light incident on the light guide plate 121 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 121;
(C) second deflecting means 140 for deflecting the light propagated in the light guide plate 121 by total reflection in order to emit a part of the light propagated in the light guide plate 121 by total reflection from the light guide plate 121;
Is equipped. Here, the first deflecting unit 130 and the second deflecting unit 140 are formed of a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. That is, the first deflecting unit 130 and the second deflecting unit 140 function as a kind of semi-transmissive mirror.

  Further, the first deflecting means 130 is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating 131 and a second hologram diffraction grating 135, and the first hologram diffraction grating 131 has a first interference fringe formed therein. The second hologram diffraction grating 135 has a second interference fringe forming area 136 in which a second interference fringe is formed.

  Further, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 is opposed to the outer side 133 of the first interference fringe formation region 132 in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region 132, A 1A alignment mark 134A and a 1B alignment mark 134B are provided. On the other hand, the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is opposed to the outer side 137 of the second interference fringe formation region 136 in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region 136. A 2A alignment mark 138A and a 2B alignment mark 138B are provided. Furthermore, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region 132 are formed on the first A alignment mark 134A and the first B alignment mark 134B, and the second A alignment mark 138A and The second interference mark 138 </ b> B is formed with the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region 136.

  Furthermore, in the optical device of the present disclosure and the display device of the present disclosure, the alignment mark 134A of the first A in a state where relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is completed. The first A alignment mark 134A and the second A alignment mark 138A have a shape that does not overlap the second A alignment mark 138A, and the first B alignment mark 134B and the second B alignment mark 138B do not overlap. The first alignment mark 134B and the second alignment mark 138B have such a shape. Alternatively, or at the same time, with the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 completed, the 1A alignment mark 134A and the 2A alignment mark 138A The 1A alignment mark 134A and the 2A alignment mark 138A are arranged at a position where the 1B alignment mark 134B and the 2B alignment mark 138B do not overlap. The 1B alignment mark 134B and the 2B alignment mark 138B are arranged.

  In the first embodiment or the second embodiment described later, the first deflecting means 130 is disposed on the first surface 122 and the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121, and the second deflecting means 140 made of the third hologram diffraction grating. Is disposed on the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121. That is, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 is disposed on the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121, and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is disposed on the second surface 123 facing the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121. ing. Then, the first deflection means 130 diffracts and reflects at least a portion of the light incident on the light guide plate 121 so that the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 121. The second deflecting unit 140 diffracts and reflects the light propagated through the light guide plate 121 by total reflection a plurality of times, and emits the light from the second surface 123 as parallel light from the light guide plate 121. That is, in the first deflection unit 130, the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 is diffracted and reflected so that the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 121. On the other hand, in the second deflecting means 140, the parallel light propagated through the light guide plate 121 by total reflection is diffracted and reflected a plurality of times, and is directed from the light guide plate 121 to the pupil 21 of the observer 20 in the parallel light state. Are emitted. The value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflecting unit 140 is lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflecting unit 130. Specifically, the thickness of the third hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means 140 is greater than the thickness of the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 constituting the first deflection means 130. Is also thin.

Then, in Example 1 or Example 2 to be described later, the pitch of the first interference fringes formed on the first hologram diffraction grating 131 is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is formed. When the pitch of the second interference fringes formed is P ₂ and the slant angle is φ ₂ , for example,
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
There is a relationship. Therefore, in the first interference fringe and the second interference fringe, light of the same wavelength is diffracted and reflected, but the incident angle at which the diffraction efficiency is maximized (the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction Since the angles of incidence on the grating 135 are different, the diffraction reflection angles at which the light intensity of the light that is diffracted and reflected reaches a peak are different. The 1A alignment mark 134A, the 1B alignment mark 134B, the 2A alignment mark 138A, and the 2B alignment mark 138B are arranged on the end side of the light guide plate 121.

  By the way, when displaying an image of single color (for example, green) as in the display device of the first embodiment, the first deflection unit 130 divides the angle of view into, for example, two divisions (for example, two divisions). It is preferable that two hologram diffraction gratings 131 and 135 corresponding to the group of angle of view formed are laminated. That is, out of the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121, the angle of view of the parallel light incident at a direction approaching the second deflection unit 140 is incident with a negative field angle and the angle of the direction away from the second deflection unit 140. When the angle of view of parallel light is a positive angle of view, for example, parallel light having a positive angle of view is mainly diffracted and reflected by the first hologram diffraction grating 131, and parallel light having a negative angle of view is mainly determined The light is diffracted and reflected by the second hologram diffraction grating 135. Thus, although the light of the same wavelength is diffracted and reflected, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 in which the incident angles to the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 of the mainly diffracted and reflected light are different. And the second hologram diffraction grating 135 are stacked with the light guide plate 121 interposed therebetween, thereby increasing the diffraction efficiency when light having a predetermined wavelength band (or wavelength) is diffracted and reflected by the hologram diffraction grating, and accepting diffraction. The angle can be increased and the diffraction reflection angle can be optimized.

  The conditions (wavelength, incident angle, pitch of grating surface) of the parallel light having a positive angle of view satisfy the Bragg condition that causes diffraction and reflection in the first hologram diffraction grating 131, while the second condition In the hologram diffraction grating 135, the Bragg condition causing the diffraction reflection is not satisfied. Accordingly, the parallel light having a positive angle of view is mainly diffracted and reflected by the first hologram diffraction grating 131, but is not diffracted and reflected by the second hologram diffraction grating 135. pass. Similarly, the conditions (wavelength, incident angle, pitch of grating surface) of the parallel light having a negative angle of view satisfy the Bragg condition that causes mainly diffraction reflection in the second hologram diffraction grating 135, The first hologram diffraction grating 131 does not satisfy the Bragg condition that causes diffraction reflection. Accordingly, parallel light having a negative angle of view is diffracted and reflected by the second hologram diffraction grating 135, but is not diffracted and reflected by the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and passes through the first hologram diffraction grating 131. .

  The hologram diffraction gratings 131 and 135 in the first embodiment are hologram diffraction gratings having interference fringe forming regions 132 and 136 in which interference fringes are formed. Then, two alignment marks 134A, 134B, 138A, and 138B are provided on the outer sides 133 and 137 of the interference fringe forming region in the direction in which the interference fringes extend so as to face each other with the interference fringe forming regions 132 and 136 interposed therebetween. . The alignment marks 134A, 134B, 138A, 138B are formed with the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the interference fringe formation regions 132, 136, and the planes of the alignment marks 134A, 134B, 138A, 138B are formed. The shape is annular (ring shape). The alignment marks 134A, 134B, 138A, 138B are provided outside the interference fringe forming regions 132, 136 on the opposite side of the interference fringe forming regions 132, 136 to the light emitting part.

  More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a portion of the first hologram diffraction grating (the first hologram diffraction grating) positioned closer to the end of the light guide plate than the first interference fringe formation region 132 is. 1A alignment mark 134A and 1B alignment mark 134B are included in the projected image on the xz plane of the end region 133 ′) of the first end region 133 ′), and is positioned closer to the end of the light guide plate than the second interference fringe forming region 136. The second A alignment mark 138A and the second B alignment mark 138B are included in the projected image of the portion of the second hologram diffraction grating (end region 137 ′ of the second hologram diffraction grating) to the xz plane. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the projection image of the first interference fringe formation region 132 onto the xz plane includes the first A alignment mark 134A and the first B alignment mark 134B, and the second interference The projection image of the stripe forming area 136 onto the xz plane includes the 2A alignment mark 138A and the 2B alignment mark 138B.

  The first hologram diffraction grating 131, the second hologram diffraction grating 135, and the second deflection means (third hologram diffraction grating) 140 made of a photopolymer material correspond to one type of wavelength band (or wavelength). Interference fringes are formed and made in a conventional manner. The pitch of the interference fringes formed on the hologram diffraction grating is constant, and the interference fringes are linear and substantially parallel to the y-axis. The first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second deflection means 140 are disposed (adhered) on the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121, and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is disposed on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121. It is installed (adhered).

  FIG. 6 shows an enlarged schematic partial sectional view of a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. In the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating, interference fringes having a slant angle (tilt angle) φ are formed. Here, the slant angle φ refers to an angle formed between the surface of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating and the interference fringes. The interference fringes are formed from the inside to the surface of the reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating. The interference fringes satisfy the Bragg condition. Here, the Bragg condition refers to a condition satisfying the following equation (A). In equation (A), m is a positive integer, λ is the wavelength, d is the pitch of the grating plane (the interval in the normal direction of the imaginary plane including the interference fringes), and Θ is the angle of incidence of the incident on the interference fringes To do. Further, the relationship between Θ, slant angle φ, and incident angle 場合 when light enters the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating at the incident angle ψ is as shown in Formula (B).

m · λ = 2 · d · sin (Θ) (A)
Θ = 90 °-(φ + ψ) (B)

  In the light guide plate 121, parallel light is emitted after being propagated by total internal reflection. At this time, since the light guide plate 121 is thin and the light path which travels the inside of the light guide plate 121 is long, the number of total reflections until reaching the second deflection means 140 is different depending on each angle of view. More specifically, among the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121, the number of reflections of the parallel light incident at an angle in the direction approaching the second deflection unit 140 is the light guide plate at an angle in the direction away from the second deflection unit 140. It is less than the number of reflections of the parallel light incident on 121. This is parallel light that is diffracted and reflected by the first deflecting means 130, and parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 at an angle approaching the second deflecting means 140 is guided at an angle opposite to this. This is because the angle formed with the normal line of the light guide plate 121 when the light propagating through the light guide plate 121 collides with the inner surface of the light guide plate 121 is smaller than the parallel light incident on the light plate 121.

  In Example 1 or Example 2 described later, the light guide plate 121 is made of optical glass or a plastic material. In the first embodiment or the second embodiment to be described later, the light guide plate 121 is formed by two parallel planes (a first plane 122 and a second plane) extending in parallel with the light propagation direction (x axis) by internal total reflection of the light guide plate 121. 123). The first surface 122 and the second surface 123 face each other. Then, parallel light is incident from the second surface 123 corresponding to the light incident surface, propagates through the inside by total reflection, and then is emitted from the second surface 123 corresponding to the light emitting surface. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first surface 122 may constitute a light incident surface, and the second surface 123 may constitute a light emitting surface.

  In the first embodiment, the image forming apparatus 111 is an image forming apparatus of the first configuration, and has a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. Specifically, the image forming apparatus 111 includes a reflective spatial light modulator 150 and a light source 153 which is a light emitting diode for emitting white light. Each image forming apparatus 111 as a whole is housed in a housing 113 (indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 1), and the housing 113 is provided with an opening (not shown). Light is emitted from an optical system (parallel light emission optical system, collimating optical system) 112 via the optical system. The reflective spatial light modulator 150 includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) 151 composed of LCOS as a light valve, and reflects part of the light from the light source 153 and guides it to the liquid crystal display 151, and liquid crystal The polarizing beam splitter 152 is configured to pass a part of the light reflected by the display device 151 and guide the light to the optical system 112. The liquid crystal display device 151 includes a plurality of (for example, 640 × 480) pixels (liquid crystal cells) arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. The polarization beam splitter 152 has a known configuration and structure. Unpolarized light emitted from the light source 153 collides with the polarization beam splitter 152. In the polarization beam splitter 152, the P-polarized component passes and is emitted out of the system. On the other hand, the S-polarized component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 152, enters the liquid crystal display device 151, is reflected inside the liquid crystal display device 151, and is emitted from the liquid crystal display device 151. Here, among the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 151, the light emitted from the pixel displaying “white” contains a lot of P-polarized components, and the light emitted from the pixel displaying “black” is S-polarized light. Contains many ingredients. Therefore, among the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 151 and colliding with the polarization beam splitter 152, the P polarization component passes through the polarization beam splitter 152 and is guided to the optical system 112. On the other hand, the S-polarized component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 152 and returned to the light source 153. The optical system 112 is, for example, a convex lens, and the image forming apparatus 111 (more specifically, the liquid crystal display device 151) is disposed at a focal distance (position) of the optical system 112 in order to generate parallel light. Has been. One pixel is composed of a red light emitting subpixel that emits red, a green light emitting subpixel that emits green, and a blue light emitting subpixel that emits blue.

  The frame 10 includes a front portion 11 disposed in front of the observer 20, two temple portions 13 rotatably attached to both ends of the front portion 11 via hinges 12, and tip portions of the temple portions 13. And a modern part (a front cell, an ear pad, also called an ear pad) 14 attached. Also, a nose pad 10 'is attached. That is, the assembly of the frame 10 and the nose pad 10 'basically has substantially the same structure as normal glasses. Furthermore, each housing 113 is detachably attached to the temple portion 13 by the attachment member 19. The frame 10 is made of metal or plastic. Each housing 113 may be attached to the temple portion 13 by the attachment member 19 so that it cannot be attached to and detached from the temple portion 13. For an observer who owns and wears glasses, each housing 113 may be detachably attached to the temple part of the frame of the glasses owned by the observer by the attachment member 19. Each housing 113 may be attached to the outside of the temple portion 13 or may be attached to the inside of the temple portion 13.

  Furthermore, a wiring (a signal line, a power supply line, etc.) 15 extending from one image forming apparatus 111A extends from the distal end portion of the modern portion 14 to the outside via the temple portion 13 and the modern portion 14, and is controlled. The apparatus (control circuit, control means) 18 is connected. Further, each of the image forming apparatuses 111A and 111B includes a headphone unit 16, and a headphone unit wiring 16 'extending from each of the image forming devices 111A and 111B is provided through the temple unit 13 and the modern unit 14. , Extends from the tip of the modern section 14 to the headphone section 16. More specifically, the headphone unit wiring 16 ′ extends from the tip of the modern unit 14 to the headphone unit 16 so as to wrap around the back side of the auricle (ear shell). By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to provide a neat display device without giving the impression that the headphone unit 16 and the headphone unit wiring 16 ′ are randomly arranged.

  The wiring (signal line, power supply line, etc.) 15 is connected to the control device (control circuit) 18 as described above. Then, processing for image display is performed in the control device 18. The controller 18 can be comprised of known circuits.

  Further, in the central portion 11 ′ of the front portion 11, an imaging device 17 composed of a solid-state imaging device composed of a CCD or CMOS sensor and a lens (these are not shown) is attached to an appropriate mounting member (not shown). Is attached by. A signal from the imaging device 17 is sent to, for example, the image forming apparatus 111A via a wiring (not shown) extending from the imaging device 17.

  3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, and 4C are schematic partial plan views of the light guide plate 121 and the like for explaining the alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135. With reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, an assembly method of the optical device of Example 1 will be described below.

Here, as shown in FIG. 5A and FIG.
A stage 160 that is movable in the X, Y, and Z directions and that is rotatable in the XY plane;
A first light source 161 for allowing light to enter the light guide plate 121 from an end surface of the light guide plate 121 placed on the stage 160 and provided with the first hologram diffraction grating 131;
A second light source 162 for making light incident on the support 124 from the end surface of the support 124 supporting the second hologram diffraction grating 135 above the first hologram diffraction grating 131;
An optical image of the first A alignment mark 134A based on the light incident from the first light source 161 and diffracted and reflected by the first A alignment mark 134A provided on the first hologram diffraction grating 131, and the second light source A first imaging device 163 for detecting an optical image of the second A alignment mark 138A based on the light incident from 162 and diffracted and reflected by the second A alignment mark 138A provided on the second hologram diffraction grating 135; ,
An optical image of the 1B alignment mark 134B based on the light incident from the first light source 161 and diffracted and reflected by the 1B alignment mark 134B provided on the first hologram diffraction grating 131, and the second light source A second imaging device 164 that detects an optical image of the second B alignment mark 138B based on the light incident from 162 and diffracted and reflected by the second B alignment mark 138B provided on the second hologram diffraction grating 135; ing.

The light incident on the first A alignment mark 134A and the first B alignment mark 134B is diffracted and reflected by the first A alignment mark 134A and the first B alignment mark 134B, and is emitted from the light guide plate 121 at an emission angle i _out. Such light is emitted from the first light source 161 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B). The light incident on the 2A alignment mark 138A and the 2B alignment mark 138B is diffracted and reflected by the 2A alignment mark 138A and the 2B alignment mark 138B, and is emitted from the light guide plate 121 at an emission angle i _out Such light is emitted from the second light source 162 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B). Here, 0 degrees can be illustrated as the emitting angle i _out . The wavelength of the light emitted from the first light source 161 and the incident angle to the light guide plate 121 may be selected so as to satisfy the Bragg condition 1 such that such a state can be obtained. What is necessary is just to select the wavelength of the light radiate | emitted from the 2nd light source 162, and the incident angle to the support body 124 so that the Bragg condition 2 which can obtain a state may be satisfied. Further, the parallel light is emitted from the first light source 161, and the parallel light is emitted from the second light source 162. The first light source 161 and the second light source 162 may be the same parallel light source by selecting the light source having the wavelength of light satisfying the Bragg condition 1 and the Bragg condition 2 simultaneously and the incident angle.

In the method of assembling the optical device of the first embodiment, the first alignment mark 134A and the second alignment mark 138A are optically detected (see FIGS. 3A, 4A, and 5A). At the same time, the first B alignment mark 134B and the second B alignment mark 138B are optically detected (see FIGS. 3A, 4A, and 5B). Then, a first straight line L ₁ connecting the first A alignment mark 134A and the first B alignment mark 134B is obtained, and a second straight line L ₂ connecting the second A alignment mark 138A and the second B alignment mark 138B is obtained. Obtained (see FIGS. 3A and 4A). Then, the first straight line L ₁ and the angle theta ₀ formed between the second straight line L ₂ is within the specified value theta _PD when the projection first straight line L ₁ and the second linear L ₂ to the virtual plane In this way, the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is performed (see FIGS. 3B and 4B).

  Alternatively, in the method of assembling the optical device according to the first embodiment, light is incident on the light guide plate 121 from the end surface of the light guide plate 121 while the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is supported by the support 124. The light diffracted and reflected by the 1A alignment mark 134A and the 1B alignment mark 134B is optically detected, and the light is incident on the support 124 from the end surface of the support 124, and the 2A alignment marks 138A and 2B are incident. The light diffracted and reflected by the alignment mark 138B is optically detected, and the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 are relatively aligned.

  Here, in the method of assembling the optical device 120 according to the first embodiment, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating are arranged in a state where the first hologram diffraction grating 131 is arranged on the light guide plate 121. The second hologram diffraction grating 135 is disposed on the light guide plate 121 by performing relative alignment with the light guide plate 135. In this case, the light guide plate 121 is moved relative to the second hologram diffraction grating 135 in a state where the first hologram diffraction grating 131 is disposed on the light guide plate 121. Further, after the first hologram diffraction grating 131 is bonded to the light guide plate 121, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 are relatively aligned, and the second hologram diffraction is performed. The grating 135 is bonded to the light guide plate 121.

  In the method of assembling the optical device 120 according to the first embodiment, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 are in a state where the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is supported by the support 124. Relative alignment with. As described above, the first A alignment mark 134A and the first B alignment mark 134B are formed with the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe forming region 132, and the second A alignment marks are formed. The same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region 136 are formed on the mark 138A and the second B alignment mark 138B, and light is incident on the light guide plate 121 from the end face of the light guide plate 121. The light diffracted and reflected by the 1A alignment mark 134A and the 1B alignment mark 134B is optically detected, and light is made to enter the support 124 from the end face of the support 124, and the 2A alignment mark 138A and The light diffracted and reflected by the 2B alignment mark 138B is optically detected. Here, in the state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is completed, the first A alignment mark 134A and the second A alignment mark 138A do not overlap. The first A alignment mark 134A and the second A alignment mark 138A have a shape such that the first B alignment mark 134B and the second B alignment mark 138B do not overlap each other. The alignment mark 138B of 2B is provided. Alternatively, the alignment mark 134A of the 1A and the alignment mark 138A of the 2A do not overlap in a state where relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is completed. The 1A alignment mark 134A and the 2A alignment mark 138A are arranged at the positions, and the 1B alignment mark 134B is positioned so that the 1B alignment mark 134B and the 2B alignment mark 138B do not overlap. And the 2B alignment mark 138B is arranged.

  Specifically, for example, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 constituting the first deflection means 130 and the third hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means 140 are manufactured using a manufacturing substrate (FIG. (Not shown). In addition, the second hologram diffraction grating 135 that constitutes the first deflection means 130 is formed on the second surface of the manufacturing substrate based on a known method.

  Then, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second deflecting means 140 formed on the first surface of the manufacturing substrate are transferred to the first dicing tape, and the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second deflecting means 140 are transferred. Is peeled off from the first surface of the manufacturing substrate. Next, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second deflecting means 140 transferred to the first dicing tape are transferred to the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121, and the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second deflecting means are transferred. After bonding 140 to the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second deflection means 140 are peeled off from the first dicing tape. Thus, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second deflecting unit 140 can be disposed on the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121.

  Next, the second hologram diffraction grating 135 formed on the second surface of the manufacturing substrate is transferred to a second dicing tape, and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is peeled off from the second surface of the manufacturing substrate. . The second dicing tape corresponds to the support 124. Further, the light guide plate 121 is placed on the stage 160 with the second surface 123 as the upper side. Then, the support 124 on which the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is transferred to the lower surface is placed above the light guide plate 121 so that the second hologram diffraction grating 135 faces the first hologram diffraction grating 131. Deploy. This state is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.

Then, as described above, the 1A alignment mark 134A and the 2A alignment mark 138A are optically detected, and at the same time, the 1B alignment mark 134B and the 2B alignment mark 138B are optically detected (FIG. 3A). 4A, 5A, 5B). That is, the first imaging device 163 images the first A alignment mark 134A and the second alignment mark 138A, and the second imaging device 164 images the first B alignment mark 134B and the second B alignment mark 138B. Then, a first straight line L ₁ connecting the first A alignment mark 134A and the first B alignment mark 134B is obtained, and a second straight line L ₂ connecting the second A alignment mark 138A and the second B alignment mark 138B is obtained. determined, first straight line L ₁ and the angle theta ₀ formed between the second straight line L ₂ is within the specified value theta _PD when the projection first straight line L ₁ and the second linear L ₂ to the virtual plane As described above, the relative position alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is achieved by moving the stage 160 in the X and Y directions and rotating it in the XY plane. (See FIG. 3B, FIG. 4B). Next, the stage 160 is raised (moved in the Z direction), the second hologram diffraction grating 135 constituting the first deflecting means 131 is transferred to the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121, and the second hologram diffraction grating is transferred. After bonding 135 to the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121, the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is peeled off from the second dicing tape (support 124).

The maximum value of the specified value θ _PD can be 100 seconds. Specifically, an image is assumed in which five vertical lines (black lines extending in the y-axis direction) are arranged at equal intervals at an angle of view of 1 degree. Further, the length in the y-axis direction of the first interference fringe formation area 132 and the second interference fringe formation area 136 is set to 20 mm. Under such conditions, the extending direction of the first interference fringe provided in the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the extending direction of the second interference fringe provided in the second hologram diffraction grating 135 are y It is parallel to the axis, and the contrast of the image at this time is "1.00". Then, the second hologram diffraction grating 135 is rotated with respect to the first hologram diffraction grating 131, and as a result of finding the angle θ ₀ when the contrast of the image is “0.95”, the value of ± 50 seconds is It was obtained. From the above results, the maximum value of the specified value θ _PD is set to 100 seconds.

Incidentally, even if the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 are mutually offset in the x-axis direction or in the y-axis direction, the first hologram diffraction grating Since no special change occurs in the diffraction reflection by the 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135, that is, the diffraction reflection angle of light diffracted and reflected by the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135 Therefore, the image observed by the observer does not deteriorate in image quality. On the other hand, when a rotational deviation of a certain angle θ ₀ occurs in the mutual positional relationship between the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction grating 135, the first hologram diffraction grating 131 and the second hologram diffraction As a result of a change in the diffraction reflection angle of light diffracted and reflected by the grating 135, the image observed by the observer is deteriorated in image quality (a decrease in the contrast of the image and a distortion of the image).

  As described above, in the assembling method of the optical device of Example 1, the first straight line connecting the 1A alignment mark and the 1B alignment mark is obtained, and the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark A second straight line connecting the first straight line and the second straight line so that an angle formed by the first straight line and the second straight line is within a specified value. The relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed. Therefore, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating can be performed based on a simplified method. Alternatively, in the method of assembling the optical device according to the first embodiment, light is incident on the light guide plate from the end face of the light guide plate in a state where the second hologram diffraction grating is supported by the support, and the first A alignment is performed. The light diffracted and reflected by the mark and the 1B alignment mark is optically detected, and light is made to enter the support from the end face of the support, and the light diffracted and reflected by the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark Is detected optically, and relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed. Therefore, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating can be performed based on a simplified method. Further, in the hologram diffraction grating of Example 1, the alignment mark is formed with the same interference fringe as the interference fringe provided in the interference fringe formation region, and the planar shape of the alignment mark is annular, In the optical device or the display device according to the first embodiment, in the state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment are performed. The shapes of the mark, the 1B alignment mark, and the 2B alignment mark are defined, or alternatively, the arrangement of these alignment marks is defined. Therefore, the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating can be reliably and easily performed based on the simplified method. Moreover, in the alignment apparatus of Example 1, the 1st light source for making light incident on a light guide plate from the end surface of the light guide plate which was mounted in the stage and the 1st hologram diffraction grating was distribute | arranged, and Since the second light source for causing light to enter the support from the end face of the support that supports the second hologram diffraction grating above the first hologram diffraction grating, alignment marks can be reliably obtained, It can be detected accurately and easily.

The second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, a conceptual diagram of the image display device 200 in the display device (head-mounted display) according to the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the image forming device 211 is configured by the image forming device having the second configuration. It is done. That is, the light source 251 and a scanning means 253 for scanning the parallel light emitted from the light source 251 are provided. More specifically, the image forming apparatus 211
(A) Light source 251,
(B) a collimating optical system 252 that collimates the light emitted from the light source 251;
(C) scanning means 253 for scanning parallel light emitted from the collimating optical system 252, and
(D) a relay optical system 254 that relays and emits the parallel light scanned by the scanning means 253;
It is composed of Note that the entire image forming apparatus 211 is housed in a housing 213 (indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 10), and the housing 213 is provided with an opening (not shown). Light is emitted from the relay optical system 254 through the relay optical system 254. Each housing 213 is detachably attached to the temple portion 13 by the attachment member 19.

  The light emitted from the light source 251 enters the collimating optical system 252 having a positive optical power as a whole, and is emitted as parallel light. Then, the parallel light is reflected by the total reflection mirror 256, the micromirror can be rotated in a two-dimensional direction, and the scanning means 253 made of MEMS capable of two-dimensionally scanning the incident parallel light can be horizontally scanned and Vertical scanning is performed to form a kind of two-dimensional image, and virtual pixels (the number of pixels can be the same as in the first embodiment, for example) are generated. Then, the light from the virtual pixel passes through a relay optical system (parallel light emitting optical system) 254 configured with a well-known relay optical system, and a light beam converted into parallel light enters the optical device 120.

  The optical device 120, which is collimated by the relay optical system 254 and is guided, emitted, and has the same configuration and structure as the optical device described in the first embodiment, will not be described in detail. Omitted. Further, as described above, since the display device of the second embodiment also has substantially the same configuration and structure as the display device of the first embodiment except that the image forming apparatus 211 is different, the detailed description will be omitted.

  The third embodiment is a modification of the first and second embodiments. A schematic view of the head mounted display of Example 3 as viewed from the front is shown in FIG. 11, and the head mounted display of Example 3 (however, assuming that the frame is removed) is viewed from the front. A schematic diagram is shown in FIG. Moreover, the schematic diagram which looked at the head mounted display of Example 3 from the top is shown in FIG. 13, The figure which looked at the state which mounted | wore the observer 20's head mounted | worn head of Example 3 from the upper direction Is shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, for the sake of convenience, only the image display device is shown, and the illustration of the frame is omitted. In the following description, the image display device is described as a representative of the image display device 100, but it goes without saying that the image display device 200 can be applied.

The head-mounted display according to the third embodiment further includes a coupling member 300 that couples the two image display devices 100. The coupling member 300 is, for example, a screw on the side facing the viewer (ie between the viewer 20 and the frame 10) of the central portion 10C of the frame 10 located between the two pupils 21 of the viewer 20. It is attached using (not shown). Further, the projection image of the coupling member 300 is included in the projection image of the frame 10. That is, when the head-mounted display is viewed from the front of the observer 20, the coupling member 300 is hidden by the frame 10, and the coupling member 300 is not visually recognized. Further, although the two image display apparatuses 100 are coupled by the coupling member 300, specifically, each of the image forming apparatuses 111A and 111B is stored in the housing 113, and each end of the coupling member 300 is The body 113 is attached so that the attachment state can be adjusted. The image forming apparatuses 111 </ b> A and 111 </ b> B are located outside the pupil 21 of the observer 20. Specifically, the distance between the end portion (one of Ji) 10A of the mounting portion center 111A _C and the frame 10 of one of the image forming apparatus 111A alpha, one end of the frame 10 from the center 300 _C of the coupling member 300 The distance to (Achi) 10A is β, the distance between the attachment portion center 111B _{C of} the other image forming apparatus 111B and one end (one wiping) 10A of the frame 10 is γ, and the length of the frame 10 is Let L be
α = 0.1 × L
β = 0.5 × L
γ = 0.9 × L
It is.

  Specifically, the attachment of the image forming apparatus (specifically, the image forming apparatuses 111A and 111B) to each end of the coupling member 300 may be, for example, three through holes (see FIG. (Not shown), tapped holes (screwed portions; not shown) corresponding to the through holes are provided in the image forming apparatuses 111A and 111B, and screws (not shown) are passed through the through holes to form an image. It is screwed into the hole provided in the devices 111A and 111B. A spring is inserted between the screw and the hole. Thus, the mounting state of the image forming apparatus (the inclination of the image forming apparatus with respect to the coupling member) can be adjusted by the tightening state of the screws. After installation, hide the screws with a lid (not shown). In FIGS. 12 and 16, the coupling members 300 and 400 are hatched to clearly show the coupling members 300 and 400. The coupling member 300 is attached to a central portion 10C of the frame 10 located between the two pupils 21 of the observer 20 (corresponding to the portion of the bridge in ordinary glasses). The nose pad 10 ′ is attached to the side of the coupling member 300 facing the viewer 20. In FIG. 13 and FIG. 17, the illustration of the nose pad 10 ′ is omitted. The frame 10 and the coupling member 300 are made of metal or plastic, and the shape of the coupling member 300 is a curved bar shape.

  As described above, in the head mounted display (HMD) of the third embodiment, the coupling member 300 couples the two image display devices 100, and the coupling member 300 has two pupils of the observer 20. 21 is attached to the central portion 10C of the frame 10 located between them. In other words, each image display device 100 is not directly attached to the frame 10. Therefore, when the observer 20 puts the frame 10 on the head, the temple portion 13 is expanded outward, and as a result, even if the frame 10 is deformed, the deformation of the frame 10 causes the image to be deformed. The displacement (position change) of the forming devices 111A and 111B does not occur, or if it occurs, it is very slight. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the convergence angle of the left and right images from changing. In addition, since it is not necessary to increase the rigidity of the front portion 11 of the frame 10, there is no increase in the weight of the frame 10, a decrease in design, and an increase in cost. Further, the image display device 100 is not directly attached to the eyeglass-type frame 10, so that the design and color of the frame 10 can be freely selected according to the preference of the observer. There are few restrictions on the design, and the degree of freedom in design is high. In addition, the coupling member 300 is hidden by the frame 10 when the head mounted display is viewed from the front of the observer. Therefore, high design and design can be provided to the head mounted display.

  The fourth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment. A schematic view of the head-mounted display of Example 4 as viewed from the front is shown in FIG. 15, and the head-mounted display of Example 4 (however, it is assumed that the frame is removed) is viewed from the front. A schematic diagram is shown in FIG. Moreover, the schematic diagram which looked at the head mounted display of Example 4 from upper direction is shown in FIG.

  In the head-mounted display according to the fourth embodiment, unlike the third embodiment, the rod-shaped coupling member 400 couples two optical devices 120 instead of coupling the two image forming apparatuses 111A and 111B. Yes. Note that the two optical devices 120 may be integrally manufactured, and the coupling member 400 may be attached to the integrally manufactured optical device 120.

Here, even in the head mounted display of Example 4, the coupling member 400 is attached to the central portion 10C of the frame 10 located between the two pupils 21 of the observer 20 using, for example, a screw. Each image forming apparatus 111 is located outside the pupil 21 of the observer 20. Each image forming apparatus 111 is attached to an end of the optical device 120. When the distance from the center 400 _C of the coupling member 400 to one end of the frame 10 is β and the length of the frame 10 is L, β = 0.5 × L is satisfied. The value of α ′ and the value of γ ′ in the fourth embodiment are the same as the values of α and γ in the third embodiment.

  In the fourth embodiment, the frame 10 and each image display apparatus have the same configuration and structure as the frame 10 and the image display apparatus described in the third embodiment. Therefore, these detailed descriptions are omitted. Further, the head-mounted display of the fourth embodiment has substantially the same configuration and structure as the head-mounted display of the third embodiment except for the above differences, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Although the present disclosure has been described above based on the preferred embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. The configurations and structures of the display device (head-mounted display), image display device, optical device, and hologram diffraction grating described in the embodiments are merely examples, and can be changed as appropriate, and the method of assembling the optical device of the present disclosure The various processes in are also illustrative and can be changed as appropriate. For example, a surface relief hologram (see US 20040062505A1) may be disposed on the light guide plate. The hologram diffraction grating can also be a reflective blazed diffraction grating element or a surface relief hologram. In the embodiment, the binocular type with two image display devices is exclusively used, but it may be a single eye type with one image display device.

  Information or data relating to an image to be displayed in the image forming apparatus may be included in the display device, or information or data may be recorded in a so-called cloud computer. In the latter case, various information and data between the cloud computer and the display device can be obtained by providing the display device with communication means, for example, a mobile phone or a smartphone, or by combining the display device and communication means. Can exchange, exchange.

  In the embodiment, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 have been described as displaying a single-color (for example, green) image. However, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 can also display a color image. For example, what is necessary is just to comprise from the light source which radiate | emits each of red, green, and blue. Specifically, for example, red light, green light, and blue light emitted from each of a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element are mixed using a light pipe, and white light is obtained by performing luminance equalization. It only has to be obtained.

  For example, as an image forming apparatus or light source including a light emitting element and a light valve, a liquid crystal display device having a backlight emitting white light as a whole, a red light emitting pixel, a green light emitting pixel, and a blue light emitting pixel The following configuration can be exemplified besides the combination of

  That is, for example, as shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 18, the light emitting element 501 is formed of a light emitting panel arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the light emitting element is controlled by controlling each light emitting / non-light emitting state. It is also possible to provide an active matrix type image forming apparatus that displays an image by directly viewing the light emission state 501. The light emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident on the light guide plate 121 through the collimating optical system 112.

Alternatively, as shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG.
(Α) A red light emitting panel 511R in which red light emitting elements 501R emitting red light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix,
(Β) A green light emitting panel 511G in which green light emitting elements 501G emitting green light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and
(Γ) A blue light emitting panel 511B in which blue light emitting elements 501B emitting blue light are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and
(Δ) means (for example, dichroic prism 503) for collecting the light emitted from the red light emitting panel 511R, the green light emitting panel 511G, and the blue light emitting panel 511B into one optical path;
Equipped with
It is also possible to use an image forming apparatus for color display which controls the light emission / non-light emission state of each of the red light emitting element 501R, the green light emitting element 501G and the blue light emitting element 501B. The light emitted from the image forming apparatus is also incident on the light guide plate 121 via the collimating optical system 112. Reference numeral 512 denotes a microlens for condensing light emitted from the light emitting element.

  Alternatively, FIG. 20 shows a conceptual diagram of an image forming apparatus including light emitting panels 511R, 511G, and 511B in which the light emitting elements 501R, 501G, and 501B are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the light emitting panels 511R, 511G, and 511B are illustrated. The emitted light is controlled to pass / non-pass by the light passage control devices 504R, 504G, and 504B, is incident on the dichroic prism 503, and the optical paths of these lights are combined into one optical path. Through the light guide plate 121.

  Alternatively, FIG. 21 shows a conceptual diagram of an image forming apparatus including light emitting panels 511R, 511G, and 511B in which the light emitting elements 501R, 501G, and 501B are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the light emitting panels 511R, 511G, and 511B The emitted light is incident on the dichroic prism 503, and the optical paths of these lights are combined into one optical path. These light emitted from the dichroic prism 503 are passed / non-passed by the light passage controller 504. The light is controlled and is incident on the light guide plate 121 through the collimating optical system 112.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 22, the light-emitting element 501R that emits red light and a kind of light valve for controlling passage / non-passage of the emitted light emitted from the light-emitting element 501R that emits red light. A kind of light for controlling the passage / non-passage of the light emitted from the light passage control device (for example, liquid crystal display device 504R), the light emitting element 501G emitting green light, and the light emitting element 501G emitting green light A type of light passage control device (for example, liquid crystal display device 504G) that is a bulb, a light emitting element 501B that emits blue light, and a type for controlling passage / non-passage of emitted light emitted from light emitting element 501B that emits blue light The light passage control device (for example, the liquid crystal display device 504B) which is a light valve of the light source and the light emitting elements 501R, 501G and 501B Light guiding member 502 for guiding the light, and, means for assembling the optical path of one (e.g., dichroic prism 503) may be an image forming apparatus having a. The light emitted from the dichroic prism 503 is incident on the light guide plate 121 via the collimating optical system 112.

In addition, this indication can also take the following structures.
[A01] << Assembly method of optical device: first embodiment >>
(A) A light guide plate that is emitted after incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection;
(B) first deflection means for deflecting light incident on the light guide plate so that light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate;
(C) second deflecting means for deflecting the light propagated in the light guide plate by total reflection in order to emit a part of the light propagated in the light guide plate by total reflection from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
The first hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region, and the first A alignment mark and The first B alignment mark is provided,
The second hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region, and the second A alignment mark and An assembly method of an optical device provided with a 2B alignment mark,
Optically detecting the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark, and optically detecting the first B alignment mark and the second B alignment mark;
A first straight line connecting the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark is determined, and a second straight line connecting the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark is determined.
The first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram so that the angle formed by the first straight line and the second straight line when the first straight line and the second straight line are projected onto a virtual plane is within a specified value. An assembly method of an optical device for performing relative alignment with a diffraction grating.
[A02] With the first hologram diffraction grating disposed on the light guide plate, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed to guide the second hologram diffraction grating. The method of assembling an optical device according to [A01] arranged on an optical plate.
[A03] The optical device assembling method according to [A02], wherein the light guide plate is moved relative to the second hologram diffraction grating in a state where the first hologram diffraction grating is arranged on the light guide plate.
[A04] After the first hologram diffraction grating is bonded to or formed on the light guide plate, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed, The assembly method of the optical apparatus as described in [A02] or [A03] which bonds a hologram diffraction grating to a light-guide plate.
[A05] With the second hologram diffraction grating supported by the support, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed [A01] to [A04] An assembly method of the optical device according to claim 1.
[A06] The same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation area are formed on the first alignment mark and the first alignment mark,
In the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region are formed,
The light is made incident on the light guide plate from the end face of the light guide plate, and the light diffracted and reflected by the first A alignment mark and the 1 B alignment mark is optically detected,
The method of assembling an optical device according to [A05], in which light is incident on the support from the end face of the support and the light diffracted and reflected by the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark is optically detected.
[A07] With the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating completed, the first alignment mark A and the second alignment mark A do not overlap with each other. The alignment mark of 1A and the alignment mark of 2A have, and the alignment mark of 1B and 2B have a shape such that the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap [A06] A method for assembling the optical device according to claim 1.
[A08] In a state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark are not overlapped with each other. The 1A alignment mark and the 2A alignment mark are arranged, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are arranged at a position where the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap. A method for assembling the optical device according to [A06].
[A09] The first alignment mark and the second alignment mark are imaged by the first imaging device, and the first alignment mark and the second alignment mark are imaged by the second imaging device [A01] to [A08] ] The assembly method of the optical apparatus of any one of.
[A10] The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The second hologram diffraction grating is disposed on a second surface facing the first surface of the light guide plate, wherein the method of assembling the optical device according to any one of [A01] to [A09].
[A11] Assuming that the pitch of the first interference fringe is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , the pitch of the second interference fringe is P ₂ , and the slant angle is φ ₂
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ = φ ₂ or
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂ or
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
The method of assembling an optical device according to any one of [A01] to [A10] satisfying
[A12] The 1A alignment mark, the 1B alignment mark, the 2A alignment mark, and the 2B alignment mark are arranged on the end of the light guide plate [A01] to [A11] A method for assembling the optical device according to claim 1.
[A13] The method of assembling an optical device according to any one of [A01] to [A12], wherein the maximum value of the specified value is 100 seconds.
[A14] The method of assembling an optical device according to any one of [A01] to [A13], wherein the second deflection means comprises a hologram diffraction grating.
[A15] The method of assembling an optical device according to [A14], wherein a value of diffraction efficiency of the second deflection means is lower than a value of diffraction efficiency of the first deflection means.
[B01] << Assembly method of optical device: second embodiment >>
(A) A light guide plate that is emitted after incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection;
(B) first deflection means for deflecting light incident on the light guide plate so that light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate;
(C) a second deflection unit for deflecting the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate in order to cause a part of the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate to be emitted from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
The first hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region, and the first A alignment mark and The first B alignment mark is provided,
The second hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region, and the second A alignment mark and An assembly method of an optical device provided with a 2B alignment mark,
In the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region are formed,
In the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region are formed,
With the second hologram diffraction grating supported by the support, light is incident on the light guide plate from the end face of the light guide plate, and the light diffracted and reflected by the 1A alignment mark and the 1B alignment mark is optically reflected And detecting light incident on the support from the end face of the support, optically detecting the light diffracted and reflected by the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark, and the first hologram diffraction grating and the second An assembly method of an optical device for performing relative alignment with a hologram diffraction grating.
[B02] With the first hologram diffraction grating arranged on the light guide plate, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed to guide the second hologram diffraction grating. The method for assembling the optical device according to [B01] disposed on the optical plate.
[B03] The method of assembling the optical device according to [B02], in which the light guide plate is moved relative to the second hologram diffraction grating in a state where the first hologram diffraction grating is arranged on the light guide plate.
[B04] After the first hologram diffraction grating is bonded to or formed on the light guide plate, relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is performed. The assembly method of the optical apparatus as described in [B02] or [B03] which bonds a hologram diffraction grating together to a light-guide plate.
[B05] In a state in which the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark do not overlap with each other. The alignment mark of 1A and the alignment mark of 2A have, and the alignment mark of 1B and the alignment mark of 2B have a shape such that the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap [B01] Thru | or the assembly method of the optical apparatus of any one of [B04].
[B06] In a state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark do not overlap with each other. The 1A alignment mark and the 2A alignment mark are arranged, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are arranged at a position where the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap. The method for assembling an optical device according to any one of [B01] to [B04].
[B07] The first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark are imaged by the first imaging device, and the first B alignment mark and the second alignment mark are imaged by the second imaging device [B01] to [B06] ] The assembly method of the optical apparatus of any one of.
[B08] The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The second hologram diffraction grating is disposed on a second surface facing the first surface of the light guide plate, wherein the method for assembling the optical device according to any one of [B01] to [B07].
[B09] Assuming that the pitch of the first interference fringe is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , the pitch of the second interference fringe is P ₂ , and the slant angle is φ ₂ .
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ = φ ₂ or
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂ or
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
The method of assembling the optical device according to any one of [B01] to [B08] that satisfies the above.
[B10] The 1A alignment mark, the 1B alignment mark, the 2A alignment mark, and the 2B alignment mark are arranged on the end of the light guide plate [B01] to [B09] A method for assembling the optical device according to claim 1.
[B11] The method of assembling an optical device according to any one of [B01] to [B10], wherein the second deflection means comprises a hologram diffraction grating.
[B12] The method of assembling an optical device according to [B11], wherein the value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflection means is lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflection means.
[C01] << Hologram diffraction grating >>
It has an interference fringe formation region in which interference fringes are formed,
Two alignment marks are provided outside the interference fringe formation area in the direction in which the interference fringes extend, so as to face the interference fringe formation area,
In each alignment mark, the same interference fringe as the interference fringe provided in the interference fringe formation area is formed,
A hologram diffraction grating in which the planar shape of each alignment mark is annular.
[C02] The hologram diffraction grating according to [C01], wherein each alignment mark is provided outside a portion of the interference fringe formation region on the side opposite to a portion where the light of the interference fringe formation region is emitted.
[D01] << Optical device >>
(A) A light guide plate that is emitted after incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection;
(B) first deflection means for deflecting light incident on the light guide plate so that light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate;
(C) second deflecting means for deflecting the light propagated in the light guide plate by total reflection in order to emit a part of the light propagated in the light guide plate by total reflection from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
The first hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region, and the first A alignment mark and The first B alignment mark is provided,
The second hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region, and the second A alignment mark and The 2B alignment mark is provided,
In the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region are formed,
In the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region are formed,
In a state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark are shaped so as not to overlap with each other. The mark and the 2A alignment mark have a shape such that the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark have, or
In the state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark is positioned so that the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark do not overlap with each other. The mark and the 2A alignment mark are disposed, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are disposed at positions where the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap. apparatus.
[D02] The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The optical apparatus according to [D01], wherein the second hologram diffraction grating is disposed on a second surface facing the first surface of the light guide plate.
[D03] Assuming that the pitch of the first interference fringe is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , the pitch of the second interference fringe is P ₂ , and the slant angle is φ ₂ .
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ = φ ₂ or
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂ or
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
The optical device according to [D01] or [D02], wherein:
[D04] The 1A alignment mark, the 1B alignment mark, the 2A alignment mark, and the 2B alignment mark are arranged on the end of the light guide plate [D01] to [D03] An optical device according to 1.
[D05] The optical device according to any one of [D01] to [D04], wherein the second deflection means comprises a hologram diffraction grating.
[D06] The optical device according to [D05], wherein the value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflection means is lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflection means.
[E01] << Display device >>
(A) A frame attached to the head of the observer, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
Equipped with
The image display device
(A) an image forming apparatus, and
(B) an optical device that receives and emits light emitted from the image forming apparatus;
Equipped with
The optical device
(A) A light guide plate that is emitted after incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection;
(B) first deflection means for deflecting light incident on the light guide plate so that light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate;
(C) a second deflection unit for deflecting the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate in order to cause a part of the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate to be emitted from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
The first hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region, and the first A alignment mark and The first B alignment mark is provided,
The second hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region, and the second A alignment mark and The 2B alignment mark is provided,
In the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region are formed,
In the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark, the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region are formed,
The alignment of the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark do not overlap with each other when the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed. The mark and the 2A alignment mark have a shape such that the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark have, or
When relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the alignment of the 1A alignment is performed so that the 1A alignment mark and the 2A alignment mark do not overlap. Mark that the mark and the 2A alignment mark are arranged, and the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are arranged at a position where the 1B alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark do not overlap apparatus.
[E02] The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The display unit according to [E01], wherein the second hologram diffraction grating is disposed on a second surface facing the first surface of the light guide plate.
[E03] When the pitch of the first interference fringes is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , the pitch of the second interference fringes is P ₂ , and the slant angle is φ ₂ ,
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ = φ ₂ or
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂ or
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
The display device according to [E01] or [E02] that satisfies the above.
[E04] The 1A alignment mark, the 1B alignment mark, the 2A alignment mark, and the 2B alignment mark are arranged on the end of the light guide plate [E01] to [E03] The display device described in 1.
[E05] The display device according to any one of [E01] to [E04], wherein the second deflecting unit includes a hologram diffraction grating.
[E06] The display device according to [E05], wherein the value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflection unit is lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflection unit.
[F01] << Alignment device >>
A stage that is movable in the X, Y, and Z directions and that is rotatable in the XY plane;
A first light source for allowing light to enter the light guide plate from an end face of the light guide plate placed on the stage and provided with the first hologram diffraction grating;
A second light source for causing light to enter the support from the end face of the support that supports the second hologram diffraction grating above the first hologram diffraction grating;
An optical image of the first alignment mark based on light incident from the first light source and diffracted and reflected by the first alignment mark provided on the first hologram diffraction grating, and incident from the second light source, A first imaging device for detecting an optical image of the second A alignment mark based on the light diffracted and reflected by the second A alignment mark provided on the second hologram diffraction grating; and
An optical image of the 1B alignment mark based on the light incident from the first light source and diffracted and reflected by the 1B alignment mark provided on the first hologram diffraction grating, and incident from the second light source, An alignment apparatus comprising a second imaging device for detecting an optical image of a second B alignment mark based on light diffracted and reflected by a second B alignment mark provided on a second hologram diffraction grating.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Frame, 10 '... nose pad, 11 ... front part, 11' ... center part of front part, 12 ... hinge, 13 ... temple part, 14 ... modern Section 15... Wiring (signal line, power supply line, etc.), 16 .. headphone section, 16 '.. headphone section wiring, 17 .. imaging device, 18 .. control device (control circuit) , 19: mounting member, 20: observer, 21: pupil, 100, 200: image display apparatus 111, 111A, 111B, 211: image forming apparatus 112: optical System (collimating optical system), 113, 213 ... Case, 120 ... Optical device (light guide means), 121 ... Light guide plate, 122 ... First surface of light guide plate, 123 ... Second surface of the light guide plate, 124 ... support body 130 ... first deflection means 131 ... first hologram diffraction grating, 132 ... first interference fringe forming area, 133 ... area outside the first interference fringe forming area 134A ... first A alignment mark, 134B ... 1B alignment mark, 135 ... 2nd hologram diffraction grating, 136 ... 2nd interference fringe formation area, 137 ... Area outside 2nd interference fringe formation area, 138A ... 2A alignment mark 138B 2B alignment mark 140 second deflection means 150 reflective spatial light modulation device 151 liquid crystal display (LCD) 152 ··· Polarizing beam splitter 153: light source 251: light source 252: collimating optical system 253: scanning means 254: optical system (relay optical system) 25 ... Cross prism, 256 ... total reflection mirror, 160 ... stage, 161 ... first light source, 162 ... second light source, 163 ... first imaging device, 164 ... ..Second imaging device, 501, 501R, 501G, 501B... Light emitting element, 502... Light guide member, 503... Dichroic prism, 504, 504R, 504G, 504B. Device, 511R, 511G, 511B ... light emitting panel, 512 ... microlens

Claims (18)

After the incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection, the light guide plate is emitted,
First deflecting means for deflecting the light incident on the light guide plate so that the light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate; and
A second deflection unit for deflecting the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate in order to cause part of the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate to be emitted from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
In the pixel group of the image incident on the first deflection means, one of the two divided field angles is incident on the first hologram diffraction grating, and the other of the two divided field angles is on the second hologram diffraction grating. Incident ,
The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The second hologram diffraction grating is an optical device disposed on a second surface facing the first surface of the light guide plate . When the pitch of the first interference fringes is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , the pitch of the second interference fringes is P ₂ , and the slant angle is φ ₂ ,
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ = φ ₂ or
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂ or
P ₁ ≠ P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
The optical device according to claim 1, which satisfies After the incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection, the light guide plate is emitted,
First deflecting means for deflecting the light incident on the light guide plate so that the light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate; and
A second deflection unit for deflecting the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate in order to cause part of the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate to be emitted from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
When the pitch of the first interference fringes is P ₁ , the slant angle is φ ₁ , the pitch of the second interference fringes is P ₂ , and the slant angle is φ ₂ ,
P ₁ = P ₂ and φ ₁ ≠ φ ₂
Satisfied
Light having the same wavelength is incident on the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating,
In the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating, in the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating, the light intensity of the light to be diffracted and reflected becomes a peak. the angle of reflection Ri is Do different,
The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The second hologram diffraction grating is an optical device disposed on a second surface facing the first surface of the light guide plate . The first hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the first interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the first interference fringe so as to sandwich the first interference fringe formation region, and the first A alignment mark and The optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the first alignment mark is provided. Assuming that the axis of the light guide plate is the x axis, the width direction of the light guide plate is the y axis, and the direction orthogonal to the x axis and the y axis is the z axis,
The optical apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark are included in a projected image of the first interference fringe formation region on the xz plane. When the axis of the light guide plate is the x axis, the width direction of the light guide plate is the y axis, and the direction orthogonal to the x axis and the y axis is the z axis,
The projected image on the xz plane of the portion of the first hologram diffraction grating located on the end side of the light guide plate with respect to the first interference fringe formation region includes the 1A alignment mark and the 1B alignment mark. The optical device according to claim 4 . The optical apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the first A alignment mark and the first B alignment mark have the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the first interference fringe formation region. The second hologram diffraction grating is opposed to the outside of the second interference fringe formation region in the extending direction of the second interference fringe so as to sandwich the second interference fringe formation region, and the second A alignment mark and The optical device according to any one of claims 4 to 7 , wherein the alignment mark of 2B is provided. The optical apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark are included in a projected image of the second interference fringe formation region on the xz plane. The projection image onto the xz plane of the portion of the second hologram diffraction grating located on the end side of the light guide plate with respect to the second interference fringe formation region includes the 2A alignment mark and the 2B alignment mark. The optical device according to claim 8 . 11. The optical device according to claim 8 , wherein the second A alignment mark and the second B alignment mark have the same interference fringes as the interference fringes provided in the second interference fringe formation region. Alignment mark of the 1A, alignment marks of the second 1B, alignment marks of the alignment mark and the second 2B of the 2A is according to any one of claims 8 to 11 is disposed on the end side of the light guide plate Optical device. In a state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark are shaped so as not to overlap with each other. has the alignment mark of the mark and the 2A, an alignment mark and shaped so that the alignment mark does not overlap the first 2B of the 1B, claims 8 to the alignment mark of the alignment mark and the second 2B of the 1B has 12. The optical device according to any one of 12 . In the state where the relative alignment between the first hologram diffraction grating and the second hologram diffraction grating is completed, the first A alignment mark is positioned so that the first A alignment mark and the second A alignment mark do not overlap with each other. marks and the alignment marks are arranged in the first 2A, to the 1B alignment mark position as the alignment mark does not overlap the first 2B, the alignment marks of the alignment mark and the second 2B of the 1B are arranged is in that according The optical device according to any one of claims 8 to 12 . The optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 14 , wherein the second deflection means comprises a hologram diffraction grating. The optical device according to claim 15 , wherein the value of the diffraction efficiency of the second deflection means is lower than the value of the diffraction efficiency of the first deflection means. A frame attached to the head of the observer, and
An image display device attached to the frame,
Equipped with
The image display device is
An image forming apparatus, and
An optical device that receives and emits light emitted from the image forming apparatus;
Equipped with
The optical device is
After the incident light propagates through the interior by total reflection, the light guide plate is emitted,
First deflecting means for deflecting the light incident on the light guide plate so that the light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate; and
A second deflection unit for deflecting the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate in order to cause part of the light propagated by total reflection inside the light guide plate to be emitted from the light guide plate;
Equipped with
The first deflection means is composed of a first hologram diffraction grating and a second hologram diffraction grating,
The first hologram diffraction grating has a first interference fringe forming area in which a first interference fringe is formed,
The second hologram diffraction grating has a second interference fringe forming area in which a second interference fringe is formed,
In the pixel group of the image incident on the first deflection means, one of the two divided field angles is incident on the first hologram diffraction grating, and the other of the two divided field angles is on the second hologram diffraction grating. Incident ,
The first hologram diffraction grating is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The second hologram diffraction grating is a display device disposed on a second surface facing the first surface of the light guide plate . A frame attached to the observer's head; and
An image display device attached to the frame,
Equipped with
The image display device is
Image forming apparatus, and
An optical device that receives and emits light emitted from the image forming apparatus;
Equipped with
An optical device is a display device comprising the optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 16 .

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