JP6548112B2 - Broadband antenna - Google Patents

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JP6548112B2
JP6548112B2 JP2015084763A JP2015084763A JP6548112B2 JP 6548112 B2 JP6548112 B2 JP 6548112B2 JP 2015084763 A JP2015084763 A JP 2015084763A JP 2015084763 A JP2015084763 A JP 2015084763A JP 6548112 B2 JP6548112 B2 JP 6548112B2
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antenna
ground conductor
edge
antenna unit
reference edge
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JP2016208137A (en
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飯草 恭一
恭一 飯草
矢野 博之
博之 矢野
史秀 児島
史秀 児島
浩和 沢田
浩和 沢田
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National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
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Description

本発明は、広帯域に整合のとれる広帯域アンテナに関する。   The present invention relates to a wide band antenna that can be matched to a wide band.

近年はスマートフォン等の普及により、高速・大容量の伝送を可能にする超広帯域(UWB)無線システム、UHF帯のホワイトスペースを使った無線システムやコグニティブ無線システム等が注目されている。このような通信システムでは非常に広帯域の周波数を使用することが前提であるため、広帯域特性を有するアンテナが必要となる。   In recent years, with the spread of smartphones and the like, an ultra-wide band (UWB) wireless system that enables high-speed and large-capacity transmission, a wireless system using a white space in the UHF band, a cognitive wireless system, and the like are attracting attention. Such a communication system is premised on using a very wide band frequency, so an antenna having a wide band characteristic is required.

また、広帯域アンテナは、携帯通信デバイスに収容するために、広帯域特性を備えつつもアンテナ自体の小形化が重要である。アンテナを小形化しつつも広帯域を実現できるものとして、無線通信装置に収納可能な地板の端部に誘電体を配置し、誘電体の一方の面には折り返しL型アンテナを、誘電体の他方の面には広帯域モノポールアンテナを各々配置することにより、一つのアンテナ装置で複数の無線通信方式に対応する周波数帯域をカバーできるようにしたアンテナ装置が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1を参照)。   Moreover, in order to accommodate a broadband antenna in a portable communication device, it is important to miniaturize the antenna itself while having a broadband characteristic. A dielectric is placed at the end of the ground plate that can be stored in a wireless communication device, while a miniaturized antenna can be realized, and a folded L-shaped antenna is placed on one side of the dielectric and the other side of the dielectric. There is proposed an antenna apparatus in which one antenna apparatus can cover frequency bands corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication systems by arranging wide-band monopole antennas on each surface (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

特開2011−124878号公報JP 2011-124878 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献1に記載された発明では、地板の小形化について考慮されておらず、折り返しL型アンテナおよび広帯域モノポールアンテナを配置する誘電体が小形であっても、地板を含むアンテナ装置全体としては小形とはいえず、携帯式通信デバイス内で占有空間を大きくとることとなるため、十分な小形化を図れるとは言えない。   However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1 mentioned above, the antenna apparatus including the ground plane is not taken into consideration for the miniaturization of the ground plane, and the dielectric for arranging the folded L-shaped antenna and the wide band monopole antenna is small. As a whole, it can not be said to be small, and it can not be said that sufficient miniaturization can be achieved because it occupies a large space in a portable communication device.

そこで、本発明は、必要十分な広帯域で整合をとることができ、地板も含めたアンテナ全体の小形化が可能な広帯域アンテナの提供を目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wide band antenna capable of matching in a necessary and sufficient wide band and capable of downsizing the entire antenna including the ground plane.

前記課題を解決するために、請求項1に係る発明は、誘電体基板の一方の面には地導体を設け、他方の面には導電性のアンテナ素子を設けてなる広帯域アンテナであって、前記地導体は、直線状の地導体基準縁部が前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部より適宜距離を隔てて位置するように設けることで、少なくとも前記基板基準縁部と地導体基準縁部との間に非導電領域を形成し、前記アンテナ素子は、前記地導体基準縁部に平行な3つの導体である第1アンテナ部、第2アンテナ部および第3アンテナ部を順に連結した構造で、且つ、第1アンテナ部および第2アンテナ部の大部分は、前記誘電体基板の非導電領域に対向する領域に形成し、前記第1アンテナ部は、前記第2アンテナ部と連結されない非連結側端部より給電され、前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第1側縁部と、前記地導体の地導体基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第2側縁部とにより、非連結側端部より連結側端部まで幅W1の帯状となし、さらに、前記第2側縁部と前記地導体基準縁部との離隔距離d1が負の値となるように配置することで、誘電体基板を挟んで第1アンテナ部の第2側縁部側が前記地導体と重なる領域を形成する第1インピーダンス調整手段を形成し、前記第2アンテナ部は、前記第1アンテナ部の連結側端部に一方端部が連結されると共に他方端部が前記第3アンテナ部に連結され、前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第1側縁部と、前記地導体の地導体基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第2側縁部とにより、前記第1アンテナ部との連結端部より第3アンテナ部との連結端部まで幅W2の帯状となし、さらに、前記第2アンテナ部の第2側縁部と前記地導体基準縁部との離隔距離d2が正の値となるように配置することで、誘電体基板を挟んで第2アンテナ部の第2側縁部側が前記地導体から隔たる領域を形成する第2インピーダンス調整手段を形成し、前記第3アンテナ部は、前記第2アンテナ部と一方端が連結されると共に他方端部が開放端となるようにした、ことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a broadband antenna in which a ground conductor is provided on one surface of a dielectric substrate and a conductive antenna element is provided on the other surface, The ground conductor is provided such that the linear ground conductor reference edge is located at an appropriate distance from the substrate reference edge of the dielectric substrate, thereby at least the substrate reference edge and the ground conductor reference edge. Forming a non-conductive region between the first and second antenna portions, the first antenna portion being three conductors parallel to the ground conductor reference edge, the second antenna portion, and the third antenna portion connected in sequence; And most of the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion are formed in a region facing the nonconductive region of the dielectric substrate, and the first antenna portion is not connected to the second antenna portion. Power is supplied from the end, and the dielectric base A first side edge parallel to the ground conductor reference edge, located on the substrate reference edge side of the first base, and a first side edge located on the ground conductor reference edge side of the ground conductor, parallel to the ground conductor reference edge The two side edges form a strip of width W1 from the non-connecting side end to the connecting side end, and further, the separation distance d1 between the second side edge and the ground conductor reference edge is a negative value To form a first impedance adjusting means for forming a region where the second side edge side of the first antenna portion overlaps the ground conductor with the dielectric substrate interposed therebetween, and the second antenna portion One end is connected to the connection side end of the first antenna unit, and the other end is connected to the third antenna unit, and is located on the substrate reference edge side of the dielectric substrate and the ground conductor reference A first side edge parallel to the edge, and the ground conductor reference edge located on the ground conductor reference edge side of the ground conductor The second side edges parallel to the first antenna portion and the strip and without the width W2 to the connecting end of the third antenna portion from the connection end of the further second side of the second antenna portion When the separation distance d2 between the edge and the ground conductor reference edge is a positive value, the second side edge side of the second antenna unit is separated from the ground conductor with the dielectric substrate interposed therebetween. A second impedance adjusting means for forming a region is formed, and the third antenna unit is configured such that one end is connected to the second antenna unit and the other end is an open end. .

また、請求項2に係る発明は、前記請求項1に記載の広帯域アンテナにおいて、前記第3アンテナ部は、前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第1側縁部と、該第1側縁部と反対側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第2側縁部とにより、前記第2アンテナ部との連結端部より開放端まで幅W3が一定となる帯状導体としたことを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 2 is the broadband antenna according to claim 1, wherein the third antenna portion is located on the substrate reference edge side of the dielectric substrate and is parallel to the ground conductor reference edge. The first side edge portion and the second side edge portion opposite to the first side edge portion and parallel to the ground conductor reference edge portion are open from the connection end portion with the second antenna portion It is characterized in that it is a strip-shaped conductor whose width W3 is constant up to the end.

また、請求項3に係る発明は、前記請求項1に記載の広帯域アンテナにおいて、前記第3アンテナ部は、基端部を前記第2アンテナ部と接続した伸縮可能なロッドアンテナであることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the wide band antenna according to claim 1, the third antenna unit is an expandable rod antenna in which a base end portion is connected to the second antenna unit. I assume.

本発明に係る広帯域アンテナによれば、地導体の地導体基準縁部に沿うように第1アンテナ部および第2アンテナ部を配置するので、地導体の長尺な方向にアンテナ素子を折りたたんだような構造となり、アンテナ全体を小形化できる。しかも、第1アンテナ部により実現する第1インピーダンス調整手段および第2アンテナ部により実現する第2インピーダンス調整手段によって、整合周波数を広帯域化できる。   According to the wide band antenna of the present invention, since the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion are disposed along the ground conductor reference edge of the ground conductor, the antenna element is folded in the long direction of the ground conductor. And the entire antenna can be miniaturized. Moreover, the matching frequency can be broadened by the first impedance adjusting means realized by the first antenna unit and the second impedance adjusting means realized by the second antenna unit.

本発明に係る広帯域アンテナの第1実施形態における設計例を示し、(a)は広帯域アンテナのアンテナ素子形成面を示す正面図、(b)は広帯域アンテナの右側面図、(c)は広帯域アンテナの地導体形成面を示す裏面図である。The design example in 1st Embodiment of the wideband antenna concerning this invention is shown, (a) is a front view which shows the antenna element formation surface of a wideband antenna, (b) is a right side view of a wideband antenna, (c) is a wideband antenna It is a back view showing a ground conductor formation side of a. 本発明の第1実施形態と比較するために、第1アンテナ部による第1インピーダンス調整手段と第2アンテナ部による第2インピーダンス調整手段を変えた比較例を示すもので、(a)は第1比較例のアンテナにおけるアンテナ素子配設面を示す正面図、(b)は第2比較例のアンテナにおけるアンテナ素子配設面を示す正面図、(c)は第3比較例のアンテナにおけるアンテナ素子配設面を示す正面図、(d)は第4比較例のアンテナにおけるアンテナ素子配設面を示す正面図である。The comparative example which changed the 1st impedance adjustment means by a 1st antenna part and the 2nd impedance adjustment means by a 2nd antenna part for comparison with 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a 1st (B) is a front view showing the antenna element arrangement surface of the antenna of the second comparative example, (c) is an antenna element arrangement of the antenna of the third comparative example (D) is a front view which shows the antenna element arrangement | positioning surface in the antenna of a 4th comparative example. 図1に示す構造の広帯域アンテナと、図2に示す第1〜第4比較例のアンテナの反射係数|S11|を示す周波数特性図である。FIG. 7 is a frequency characteristic diagram showing reflection coefficients | S11 | of the wide band antenna having the structure shown in FIG. 1 and the antennas of the first to fourth comparative examples shown in FIG. 2; 図1に示す構成の広帯域アンテナを400MHzで動作させた場合をHFSSで演算した瞬時的な誘電体基板内の電界分布を示す電界分布図である。FIG. 6 is an electric field distribution diagram showing an instantaneous electric field distribution in a dielectric substrate calculated by HFSS when the wide band antenna configured as shown in FIG. 1 is operated at 400 MHz. 図2(a)に示す第1比較例のアンテナを400MHzで動作させた場合をHFSSで演算した瞬時的な誘電体基板内の電界分布を示す電界分布図である。When the antenna of the first comparative example shown in FIG. 2A is operated at 400 MHz, it is an electric field distribution diagram showing the electric field distribution in the dielectric substrate instantaneously calculated by HFSS. 図2(b)に示す第2比較例のアンテナを400MHzで動作させた場合をHFSSで演算した瞬時的な誘電体基板内の電界分布を示す電界分布図である。When the antenna of the second comparative example shown in FIG. 2B is operated at 400 MHz, it is an electric field distribution diagram showing an electric field distribution in the dielectric substrate instantaneously calculated by HFSS. 図1に示す構成の広帯域アンテナを550MHzで動作させた場合をHFSSで演算した瞬時的な誘電体基板内の電界分布を示す電界分布図である。FIG. 6 is an electric field distribution diagram showing an electric field distribution in the dielectric substrate instantaneously calculated by HFSS when the wide band antenna configured as shown in FIG. 1 is operated at 550 MHz. 図1に示す構成の広帯域アンテナを250MHzで動作させた場合をHFSSで演算した瞬時的な誘電体基板内の電界分布を示す電界分布図である。FIG. 6 is an electric field distribution diagram showing an instantaneous electric field distribution in the dielectric substrate calculated by HFSS when the wide band antenna configured as shown in FIG. 1 is operated at 250 MHz. (a)は、第1アンテナ部の左側縁部31lを1l方向に0.5mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。(b)は、第1アンテナ部の右側縁部31rを1r方向に2mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。(A) is a frequency characteristic view showing a change in characteristics when the left edge portion 31 l of the first antenna portion is increased or decreased by 0.5 mm in the 1 l direction. (B) is a frequency characteristic view showing a characteristic change when the right side edge 31 r of the first antenna unit is increased or decreased by 2 mm in the 1 r direction. (a)は、第2アンテナ部の左側縁部32lを2l方向に2mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。(b)は、第2アンテナ部の右側縁部32rを2r方向に2mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。(A) is a frequency characteristic view showing a change in characteristics when the left side edge portion 32 l of the second antenna portion is increased or decreased by 2 mm in the 2 l direction. (B) is a frequency characteristic view showing a characteristic change when the right side edge 32r of the second antenna unit is increased or decreased by 2 mm in the 2r direction. 図1に示す構成の広帯域アンテナを試作した外観図である。It is the external view which prototyped the wideband antenna of a structure shown in FIG. 図11の試作アンテナで実測した反射係数|S11|とHFSSで演算したシミュレーション結果とを示す周波数特性図である。FIG. 12 is a frequency characteristic diagram showing a reflection coefficient | S11 | measured by the prototype antenna of FIG. 11 and a simulation result calculated by HFSS. 図11の試作アンテナを250MHzで動作させて実測した動作利得とHFSSで演算したシミュレーション結果とを示す動作利得パターンである。It is an operation | movement gain pattern which shows the simulation result which calculated the operation gain measured by operating the prototype antenna of FIG. 11 by 250 MHz, and calculating by HFSS. 図11の試作アンテナを400MHzで動作させて実測した動作利得とHFSSで演算したシミュレーション結果とを示す動作利得パターンである。It is an operation | movement gain pattern which shows the simulation result which calculated the operation gain measured by operating the prototype antenna of FIG. 11 by 400 MHz, and calculating by HFSS. 図11の試作アンテナを550MHzで動作させて実測した動作利得とHFSSで演算したシミュレーション結果とを示す動作利得パターンである。It is an operation | movement gain pattern which shows the simulation result which calculated the operation gain measured by operating the trial production antenna of FIG. 11 at 550 MHz, and HFSS. 本発明に係る広帯域アンテナの第2実施形態を示し、(a)は広帯域アンテナのアンテナ素子形成面を示す正面図、(b)は広帯域アンテナの右側面図である。The 2nd Embodiment of the wide band antenna which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is a front view which shows the antenna element formation surface of a wide band antenna, (b) is a right side view of a wide band antenna. 本発明に係る広帯域アンテナの第3実施形態を示し、(a)は広帯域アンテナのアンテナ素子形成面を示す正面図、(b)は広帯域アンテナの右側面図である。The 3rd Embodiment of the wide band antenna which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is a front view which shows the antenna element formation surface of a wide band antenna, (b) is a right side view of a wide band antenna.

次に、添付図面に基づいて、本発明に係る広帯域アンテナの実施形態につき説明する。   Next, an embodiment of a broadband antenna according to the present invention will be described based on the attached drawings.

図1は、本発明に係る広帯域アンテナ1の第1実施形態を示すもので、誘電体基板2の一方の面をアンテナ素子形成面21としてアンテナ素子3を形成し、他方の面を地導体形成面22として地導体4を形成したものである。なお、以下の説明においては、便宜上、広帯域アンテナ1において、X軸方向を左右(+X側を右、−X側を左)、Y軸方向を前後(+Y側を前、−Y側を後)、Z軸方向を上下(+Z方向を上、−Z方向を下)と呼ぶ。また、本実施形態の広帯域アンテナ1は、UHF帯で動作するように設計してある。   FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a broadband antenna 1 according to the present invention, in which one surface of a dielectric substrate 2 is used as an antenna element forming surface 21 to form an antenna element 3 and the other surface is formed as a ground conductor. The ground conductor 4 is formed as the surface 22. In the following description, for the sake of convenience, the X-axis direction is left and right (+ X side is right and -X side is left) and Y-axis direction is front and back (+ Y side is front and -Y side is back) in the broadband antenna 1 The Z-axis direction is called up and down (+ Z direction is up and -Z direction is down). In addition, the wide band antenna 1 of the present embodiment is designed to operate in the UHF band.

誘電体基板2は、厚さhが0.8mmのテフロン(登録商標)(εr=2.17,tanδ=0.0008)製の板材で、左右方向の幅が110.04mm、上下方向の高さが521.66mmの大きさで、後述するアンテナ素子3および地導体4の最外縁にちょうど接するサイズである。   The dielectric substrate 2 is a plate made of Teflon (registered trademark) (εr = 2.17, tan δ = 0.0008) having a thickness h of 0.8 mm, and has a width of 110.04 mm in the horizontal direction and a height in the vertical direction. It has a size of 521.66 mm and is sized to just touch the outermost edges of the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 described later.

上記誘電体基板2のアンテナ素子形成面21に形成するアンテナ素子3および地導体形成面22に形成する地導体4を構成する銅箔の厚さtは35μmである。   The thickness t of the copper foil constituting the ground conductor 4 formed on the antenna element 3 formed on the antenna element formation surface 21 of the dielectric substrate 2 and the ground conductor formed surface 22 is 35 μm.

地導体4は、上下の高さLgを304.63mm、左右の幅Wgを87.60mmとした縦長の長方形で、地導体左側縁部4lと地導体下縁部4bが、各々誘電体基板2の基板下縁部2bと基板左側縁部2lにほぼ接する。しかしながら、地導体4における直線状の地導体基準縁部である地導体右側縁部4rは、誘電体基板2の基板基準縁部である基板右側縁部2rから適宜距離を隔てて位置するように設けることで、少なくとも基板右側縁部2rと地導体右側縁部4rとの間に非導電領域を形成する。また、本実施形態では、地導体4における地導体上縁部4tより上方にも非導電領域が形成されるように、誘電体基板2における基板上縁部2tが地導体4の地導体上縁部4tよりも適宜上方となるように誘電体基板2の高さを設定してある。なお、アンテナ素子3への信号入力および取り出しは、給電部5により地導体4の側から行う。   The ground conductor 4 is a vertically long rectangle having an upper and lower height Lg of 304.63 mm and left and right width Wg of 87.60 mm, and the ground conductor left edge 4 l and the ground conductor lower edge 4 b are respectively dielectric substrates 2 Substantially contact the lower edge 2b of the substrate and the left edge 21 of the substrate. However, the ground conductor right side edge 4 r which is the straight ground conductor reference edge of the ground conductor 4 is positioned at an appropriate distance from the substrate right side edge 2 r which is the substrate reference edge of the dielectric substrate 2. By providing, a nonconductive region is formed at least between the substrate right edge 2 r and the ground conductor right edge 4 r. Further, in the present embodiment, the substrate upper edge 2 t of the dielectric substrate 2 is the ground conductor upper edge of the ground conductor 4 so that the nonconductive region is also formed above the ground conductor upper edge 4 t of the ground conductor 4. The height of the dielectric substrate 2 is set to be appropriately above the portion 4t. In addition, the signal input to the antenna element 3 and the extraction are performed from the ground conductor 4 side by the feeding unit 5.

アンテナ素子3は、地導体右側縁部4rに平行な3つの線状導体である第1アンテナ部31、第2アンテナ部32および第3アンテナ部33を下から上へ順に連結した構造である。また、本実施形態では、第1アンテナ部31および第2アンテナ部32の大部分は、基板右側縁部2rと地導体右側縁部4rとの間の非導電領域に対向する領域に形成され、第3アンテナ部33は、地導体4の地導体上縁部4tよりも上方、すなわち基板上縁部2tと地導体上縁部4tとの間の非導電領域に対向する領域に形成されるものとした。   The antenna element 3 has a structure in which a first antenna unit 31, a second antenna unit 32, and a third antenna unit 33, which are three linear conductors parallel to the ground conductor right edge 4r, are connected in order from the bottom to the top. Further, in the present embodiment, most of the first antenna portion 31 and the second antenna portion 32 are formed in a region facing the non-conductive region between the substrate right edge 2 r and the ground conductor right edge 4 r. The third antenna portion 33 is formed above the ground conductor upper edge 4t of the ground conductor 4, that is, in a region facing the nonconductive region between the substrate upper edge 2t and the ground conductor upper edge 4t. And

第1アンテナ部31は、第2アンテナ部32と連結されない非連結側端部がアンテナ素子3の下端部3bとなり、給電部5から斜めに形成したマイクロストリップ線路34を介して下端部3bより給電される。なお、マイクロストリップ線路34の線路幅Wfは、50Ωの特性インピーダンスになるよう2.44mmとし、マイクロストリップ線路の影響をインピーダンス整合の範囲から排除するために、線路長Lfは短く50.0mmとした。   In the first antenna unit 31, the unconnected side end not connected to the second antenna unit 32 is the lower end 3b of the antenna element 3, and the lower end 3b is fed via the microstrip line 34 formed obliquely from the feeding unit 5. Be done. The line width Wf of the microstrip line 34 is 2.44 mm so as to obtain a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and the line length Lf is short 50.0 mm in order to exclude the influence of the microstrip line from the range of impedance matching. .

また、第1アンテナ部31は、誘電体基板2の基板右側縁部2r側に位置して地導体右側縁部4rと平行な第1側縁部である右側縁部31rと、地導体4の地導体右側縁部4r側に位置して地導体右側縁部4rと平行な第2側縁部である左側縁部31lとにより、下端部から上端部(第2アンテナ部32との連結側端部)までの長さがアンテナ長L1で、一定の幅W1である帯状とする。このアンテナ長L1は172.37mm、幅W1は18.49mmである。   In addition, the first antenna portion 31 is located on the substrate right side edge 2r side of the dielectric substrate 2 and is a first side edge 31r which is a first side edge parallel to the ground conductor right side edge 4r; The lower end portion to the upper end portion (the connection side end with the second antenna portion 32) by the left side edge portion 31l which is the second side edge portion located on the ground conductor right side edge portion 4r side and parallel to the ground conductor right side edge portion 4r The antenna length L1 is a strip having a constant width W1. The antenna length L1 is 172.37 mm, and the width W1 is 18.49 mm.

さらに、第1アンテナ部31の左側縁部31lと地導体右側縁部4rとの離隔距離d1が負の値(d1は−0.21mm)となるように配置することで、誘電体基板2を挟んで第1アンテナ部31の左側縁部31l側が地導体4と重なる領域を形成する。この重なる領域、すなわちd1を適宜に設定することにより、第1インピーダンス調整手段(後に詳述)が形成されるのである。   Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 2 is disposed by arranging such that the separation distance d1 between the left edge 31l of the first antenna unit 31 and the ground conductor right edge 4r is a negative value (d1 is -0.21 mm). The left side edge 31 l side of the first antenna portion 31 sandwiches and forms a region overlapping the ground conductor 4. By appropriately setting this overlapping region, that is, d1, the first impedance adjusting means (described in detail later) is formed.

第2アンテナ部32は、第1アンテナ部31の上端部に下端部が連結されると共に上端部が第3アンテナ部33の下端部に連結される。   The lower end portion of the second antenna portion 32 is connected to the upper end portion of the first antenna portion 31 and the upper end portion is connected to the lower end portion of the third antenna portion 33.

また、第2アンテナ部32は、誘電体基板2の基板右側縁部2r側に位置して地導体右側縁部4rと平行な第1側縁部である右側縁部32rと、地導体4の地導体右側縁部4r側に位置して地導体右側縁部4rと平行な第2側縁部である左側縁部32lとにより、下端部(第1アンテナ部31との連結端部)から上端部(第3アンテナ部33との連結端部)までの長さがアンテナ長L2で、一定の幅W2である帯状とする。このアンテナ長L2は156.94mm、幅W2は14.66mmである。   Further, the second antenna portion 32 is located on the substrate right side edge 2 r side of the dielectric substrate 2 and is a first side edge 32 r which is a first side edge parallel to the ground conductor right side edge 4 r; The left end 32l, which is the second side edge located on the ground conductor right edge 4r side and parallel to the ground conductor right edge 4r, from the lower end (connection end with the first antenna portion 31) to the upper end The length up to the portion (the connection end with the third antenna portion 33) is an antenna length L2 and is in the form of a strip having a constant width W2. The antenna length L2 is 156.94 mm, and the width W2 is 14.66 mm.

さらに、第2アンテナ部32の左側縁部32lと地導体右側縁部4rとの離隔距離d2が正の値(d2は7.78mm)となるように配置することで、誘電体基板2を挟んで第2アンテナ部32の左側縁部32l側が地導体4の地導体右側縁部4rから隔たる領域を形成する。この離隔領域、すなわちd2を適宜に設定することにより、第2インピーダンス調整手段(後に詳述)が形成されるのである。   Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 2 is sandwiched by arranging the separation distance d2 between the left edge 32l of the second antenna unit 32 and the ground conductor right edge 4r to be a positive value (d2 is 7.78 mm). Thus, the left side edge 32l side of the second antenna portion 32 forms a region separated from the ground conductor right side edge 4r of the ground conductor 4. The second impedance adjustment means (described in detail later) is formed by appropriately setting this separation area, that is, d2.

第3アンテナ部33は、下端部が第2アンテナ部32の上端部と連結されると共に上端部がアンテナ素子3の開放端3tとなる。なお、本実施形態の設計例では、第1アンテナ31のアンテナ長L1と第2アンテナ32のアンテナ長L2の合計は329.31mmであり、地導体4の高さLg=304.63mmよりも長いので、第2アンテナ部32の上端部は地導体4の地導体上縁部4tよりも上方に延出することとなる。このため、本実施形態の広帯域アンテナ1では、第3アンテナ部33が地導体4の地導体上縁部4tよりも適宜上方にて第2アンテナ部32の上端部と連結される構造となるが、この構造は広帯域化実現のための必須条件ではなく、地導体4の地導体上縁部4tよりも下方にて第3アンテナ部33が第2アンテナ部32と連結される設計値となることもあり得る。   The lower end portion of the third antenna portion 33 is connected to the upper end portion of the second antenna portion 32, and the upper end portion is the open end 3 t of the antenna element 3. In the design example of this embodiment, the sum of the antenna length L1 of the first antenna 31 and the antenna length L2 of the second antenna 32 is 329.31 mm, which is longer than the height Lg of the ground conductor 4 = 304.63 mm. Therefore, the upper end portion of the second antenna portion 32 extends above the ground conductor upper edge 4 t of the ground conductor 4. Therefore, in the broadband antenna 1 of the present embodiment, the third antenna portion 33 is connected to the upper end portion of the second antenna portion 32 appropriately above the ground conductor upper edge 4t of the ground conductor 4. However, this structure is not an essential condition for realizing the wide band, and the design value is such that the third antenna unit 33 is connected to the second antenna unit 32 below the ground conductor upper edge 4t of the ground conductor 4 There is also a possibility.

また、第3アンテナ部33は、誘電体基板2の基板右側縁部2r側に位置して地導体右側縁部4rと平行な第1側縁部である右側縁部33rと、その反対側に位置して地導体右側縁部4rと平行な第2側縁部である左側縁部33lとにより、下端部(第2アンテナ部32との連結部)から上端部(開放端部)までの長さがアンテナ長L3で、一定の幅W3である帯状とする。このアンテナ長L3は192.35mm、幅W3は34.68mmである。また、本実施形態における第3アンテナ部33の右側縁部33rは、第2アンテナ部32の右側縁部32rと一直線に連続させるものとする。   In addition, the third antenna portion 33 is located on the substrate right side edge 2r side of the dielectric substrate 2 and on the opposite side to the right side edge 33r which is a first side edge parallel to the ground conductor right side edge 4r. By the left side edge 33l which is the second side edge parallel to the ground conductor right side edge 4r located, the length from the lower end (connection with the second antenna portion 32) to the upper end (open end) The antenna length L3 is a strip having a fixed width W3. The antenna length L3 is 192.35 mm, and the width W3 is 34.68 mm. Further, the right side edge 33 r of the third antenna unit 33 in the present embodiment is assumed to be continuous with the right side edge 32 r of the second antenna unit 32 in a straight line.

上記のように構成した広帯域アンテナ1は、上下方向に帯状の第1〜第3アンテナ部31〜33が連結されて、平板型のモノポールアンテナに類似した構造であるが、第1アンテナ部31の左右側縁部31r,31l、第2アンテナ部32の左側縁部32l、第3アンテナ部33の左側縁部33lは不連続(但し、第2アンテナ部32の右側縁部32rと第3アンテナ部33の右側縁部33rは連続)となり、第1アンテナ部31と第2アンテナ部32との連結部、第2アンテナ部32と第3アンテナ部33との連結部において、大きな電磁界分布の変化を伴う。この変化を第1インピーダンス調整手段および第2インピーダンス調整手段によって電磁界分布の変換整合をコントロールすることで、整合周波数を広帯域化できるのである。   The wide band antenna 1 configured as described above has a structure similar to a flat type monopole antenna in which strip-shaped first to third antenna portions 31 to 33 are connected in the vertical direction, but the first antenna portion 31 The left and right side edges 31r, 31l, the left side edge 32l of the second antenna unit 32, and the left side edge 33l of the third antenna unit 33 are discontinuous (however, the right side edge 32r of the second antenna unit 32 and the third antenna The right side edge portion 33r of the portion 33 is continuous, and the connecting portion between the first antenna portion 31 and the second antenna portion 32 and the connecting portion between the second antenna portion 32 and the third antenna portion 33 have a large electromagnetic field distribution. With change. The matching frequency can be broadened by controlling the conversion matching of the electromagnetic field distribution by the first impedance adjusting means and the second impedance adjusting means.

また、マイクロストリップラインの接続は、整合を考慮した太さが支配的であり、その太さ方向のずれの影響は大きくないので、第2アンテナ部32と第3アンテナ部33をマイクロストリップラインに見立てて考えると、第3アンテナ部33の幅W3が保持されていれば、第3アンテナ部33の右側縁部33rと第2アンテナ部32の右側縁部32rとが一直線に連続していなくても(接続部に段差ができていても)、整合周波数の広帯域化が阻害されることはない。しかしながら、本実施形態のように、第3アンテナ部33の右側縁部33rと第2アンテナ部32の右側縁部32rとが一直線に連続する形状にしておけば、アンテナ全幅を小さくすることができるし、製作も容易となる。   In addition, the connection of the microstrip line is dominated by the thickness in consideration of the matching, and the influence of the deviation in the thickness direction is not large, so the second antenna unit 32 and the third antenna unit 33 are microstripline If the width W3 of the third antenna unit 33 is maintained, the right side edge 33r of the third antenna unit 33 and the right side edge 32r of the second antenna unit 32 are not continuous in a straight line. Also (even if there is a step in the connection portion), the broadening of the matching frequency is not hindered. However, as in the present embodiment, if the right side edge 33 r of the third antenna unit 33 and the right side edge 32 r of the second antenna unit 32 are formed in a straight line, the entire antenna width can be reduced. Also, it is easy to make.

ここで、第1インピーダンス調整手段および第2インピーダンス調整手段を適切に設定しない場合には、整合周波数を広帯域化できないことを示すため、図2に示すような第1〜第4比較例と対比させた反射係数|S11|の周波数特性を図3に示す。これは、米国Ansys社製の有限要素法ソフトウェアHighFrequencyStructureSimulator(HFSS)を用いて計算した結果である。   Here, in order to show that the matching frequency can not be broadened if the first impedance adjusting means and the second impedance adjusting means are not set appropriately, the comparison with the first to fourth comparative examples as shown in FIG. The frequency characteristic of the reflection coefficient | S11 | is shown in FIG. This is the result of calculation using the finite element method software High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) manufactured by US Ansys.

図1に示した本発明の構成によれば、反射係数|S11|が220MHzから605MHzの比帯域約93%で−10dB以下に保たれる。しかも、広帯域アンテナ1の幅(110.04mm)は最低整合周波数220MHzの波長λLに対して0.08λLと非常に細く、広帯域アンテナ1のアンテナ長(521.66mm)は0.38λLであり、半波長ダイポールよりも短い。このように、第1インピーダンス調整手段および第2インピーダンス調整手段を適切に設定すれば、アンテナの広帯域化と小形化を同時に実現できるのである。   According to the configuration of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the reflection coefficient | S11 | is maintained at -10 dB or less in the relative bandwidth of about 93% from 220 MHz to 605 MHz. Moreover, the width (110.04 mm) of the wide band antenna 1 is very narrow at 0.08 λL with respect to the wavelength λL of the lowest matching frequency of 220 MHz, and the antenna length (521.66 mm) of the wide band antenna 1 is 0.38 λL. It is shorter than the wavelength dipole. As described above, by appropriately setting the first impedance adjustment means and the second impedance adjustment means, it is possible to simultaneously achieve the wide band and the miniaturization of the antenna.

一方、図2(a)に示す第1比較例101は、d1=d2=−0.21mmとすることで、第2インピーダンス調整手段を最適設計値と異なる設定にした場合であり、広帯域化を実現できていない。図2(b)に示す第2比較例102は、d1=d2=7.782mmとすることで第1インピーダンス調整手段を最適設計値と異なる設定にした場合であり、やはり広帯域化を実現できない。図2(c)に示す第3比較例103は、d1=d2=3.786mmとすることで第1インピーダンス調整手段および第2インピーダンス調整手段のどちらも最適設計値と異なる設定にした場合であり、やはり広帯域化を実現できない。図2(d)に示す第4比較例104は、第1アンテナ部31の左右側縁部31r,31lから第2アンテナ部32の左右側縁部32r,32lまで連続する構造(第1アンテナ部31の下端でd1=−0.21の幅W1、第2アンテナ部32の上端でd2=7.782の幅W2)とすることで、第1アンテナ部31と第2アンテナ部32との接合部に電磁界分布の変化を無くした場合であるが、やはり広帯域化は実現できない。   On the other hand, the first comparative example 101 shown in FIG. 2A is a case where the second impedance adjustment means is set to be different from the optimum design value by setting d1 = d2 = −0.21 mm, and wide band is achieved. It has not been realized. The second comparative example 102 shown in FIG. 2B is a case where the first impedance adjusting means is set to be different from the optimum design value by setting d1 = d2 = 7.782 mm, and it is not possible to realize wide band as well. The third comparative example 103 shown in FIG. 2C is a case where both the first impedance adjusting means and the second impedance adjusting means are set to be different from the optimum design value by setting d1 = d2 = 3.786 mm. Again, we can not achieve broadband. The fourth comparative example 104 shown in FIG. 2D has a structure in which the left and right side edges 31r, 31l of the first antenna unit 31 to the left and right side edges 32r, 32l of the second antenna unit 32 are continuous (a first antenna unit By setting the width W1 of d1 = −0.21 at the lower end of 31 and the width W2 of 7.72 at the upper end of the second antenna unit 32, the bonding between the first antenna unit 31 and the second antenna unit 32 is performed. In the case where the change in the electromagnetic field distribution is eliminated in the part, the wide band can not be realized.

以上のことから、少なくとも第1アンテナ部31と第2アンテナ部32とを不連続に変化させ、第1インピーダンス調整手段と第2インピーダンス調整手段を別個独立させて最適値に設定することが広帯域整合特性を実現するのに有効であることが理解できよう。   From the above, at least the first antenna unit 31 and the second antenna unit 32 are changed discontinuously, and the first impedance adjusting unit and the second impedance adjusting unit are set independently to be optimum values, and the broadband matching is performed. It can be understood that it is effective to realize the characteristics.

図4は、図1の広帯域アンテナ1を400MHzで動作させた状態をHFSSによりシミュレートした結果で、誘電体中の電界ベクトルの分布を表す。なお、このシミュレーションでは、アンテナ素子3に対して斜め45゜に形成したマイクロストリップ線路34に起因する電界が分布に影響を与えないようにするため、アンテナ素子3の下端部3bよりウェーブポートモデルで給電するものとした。   FIG. 4 shows the distribution of the electric field vector in the dielectric, as a result of simulating by HFSS the state where the broadband antenna 1 of FIG. 1 is operated at 400 MHz. In this simulation, in order to prevent the electric field caused by the microstrip line 34 formed obliquely at 45 ° to the antenna element 3 from affecting the distribution, a wave port model is used from the lower end 3 b of the antenna element 3. It is assumed to feed.

第1アンテナ部31の左側縁部31lと地導体4の右側縁部4rとの離隔距離d1=−0.21mm、第2アンテナ部32の左側縁部32lと地導体4の右側縁部4rとの離隔距離d2=7.78mmとした広帯域アンテナ1から、次のような特徴が読み取れる。第1アンテナ部31において、電界はアンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中し、Y軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に向いている。第2アンテナ部32において、電界は2つの部分に集中している。アンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中している電界は、誘電体基板2の表面に沿うようにX軸方向(アンテナの左右方向)に向いており、アンテナ素子3の右側端に集中している電界は、ほぼY軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に向いている。第3アンテナ部33において、電界はアンテナ素子3の右側縁側に集中しており、ほぼY軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に向いている。すなわち、広帯域アンテナ1における前後方向の電界は第1アンテナ部31から第3アンテナ部33に渡ってほぼ連続的な位相変化で分布している。   The separation distance d1 = -0.21 mm between the left side edge 31l of the first antenna unit 31 and the right side edge 4r of the ground conductor 4, the left side edge 32l of the second antenna unit 32 and the right side edge 4r of the ground conductor 4 The following features can be read from the wide band antenna 1 in which the separation distance d2 is 7.78 mm. In the first antenna unit 31, the electric field is concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 and is directed in the Y-axis direction (the front-rear direction of the antenna). In the second antenna unit 32, the electric field is concentrated in two parts. The electric field concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 is directed in the X axis direction (left and right direction of the antenna) along the surface of the dielectric substrate 2 and concentrated at the right end of the antenna element 3 The electric field is directed substantially in the Y-axis direction (the front-rear direction of the antenna). In the third antenna unit 33, the electric field is concentrated on the right edge side of the antenna element 3 and is directed substantially in the Y-axis direction (the front-rear direction of the antenna). That is, the electric field in the front-rear direction in the wide band antenna 1 is distributed in a substantially continuous phase change from the first antenna unit 31 to the third antenna unit 33.

第1アンテナ部31の電界は、アンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中しているので、モノポールに沿った伝送波に相当すると考えられる。同様に、第2アンテナ部32においても、アンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中している電界は伝送波であると考えられる。ここで、第1アンテナ部31においてアンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中している電界の向きは、第2アンテナ部32においてアンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中している電界の向きとは違う。しかしながら、電波はインピーダンスが整合すれば伝送モードによらず伝送(整合)が可能なので、電波は第1アンテナ部31から第2アンテナ部32へ伝送される。   Since the electric field of the first antenna unit 31 is concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4, it is considered to correspond to the transmission wave along the monopole. Similarly, also in the second antenna unit 32, the electric field concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 is considered to be a transmission wave. Here, the direction of the electric field concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 in the first antenna unit 31 is concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 in the second antenna unit 32. It is different from the direction of the electric field. However, since radio waves can be transmitted (matched) regardless of the transmission mode if the impedances match, the radio waves are transmitted from the first antenna unit 31 to the second antenna unit 32.

一方、第3アンテナ部33の電界は、アンテナ素子3の外側(右側)に分布し、近くに地導体4がないので、放射に寄与すると考えられる。同様に、第2アンテナ部32において、アンテナ素子3の外側(右側)に集中している電界は放射に寄与していると考えられる。ここで、第3アンテナ部33の電界の向きは、第2アンテナ部32の右側(外側)に集中する電界の向きと同じであるので、それらは電気的に結合する。ここで、放射に寄与すると考えられる電界が分布する第2アンテナ部32から第3アンテナ部33までの全長(L2+L3)は349.29mmである。この長さは最低整合周波数0.22GHzの約0.256波長であり、通常のモノポール長(λ/4)に一致する。ゆえに、L2+L3の長さは最低整合周波数の妥当な見積もりを与えると考えられる。   On the other hand, the electric field of the third antenna unit 33 is distributed on the outer side (right side) of the antenna element 3 and is considered to contribute to radiation because there is no ground conductor 4 nearby. Similarly, in the second antenna unit 32, the electric field concentrated on the outer side (right side) of the antenna element 3 is considered to contribute to radiation. Here, since the direction of the electric field of the third antenna unit 33 is the same as the direction of the electric field concentrated on the right side (outside) of the second antenna unit 32, they are electrically coupled. Here, the total length (L2 + L3) from the second antenna unit 32 to the third antenna unit 33 in which the electric field considered to contribute to radiation is distributed is 349.29 mm. This length is about 0.256 wavelength with a lowest matching frequency of 0.22 GHz, which corresponds to the usual monopole length (λ / 4). Hence, the length of L2 + L3 is considered to give a reasonable estimate of the lowest matching frequency.

このように、第2アンテナ部32は、伝送波である電界と放射に寄与する電界の両方を持つので、伝送波である電界によって第1アンテナ部31の電界と結合し、放射に寄与する電界によって第3アンテナ部33の電界と結合する。すなわち、第2アンテナ部32が、第1アンテナ部31の伝送波を第3アンテナ部33の放射波に橋渡しするように機能することで、広帯域整合を実現できるものと考えられる。そして、第2アンテナ部32が伝送波と放射波の橋渡し的機能を担うための条件を第1インピーダンス調整手段と第2インピーダンス調整手段によって整えるのである。   As described above, since the second antenna unit 32 has both the electric field that is the transmission wave and the electric field that contributes to the radiation, the electric field that is the transmission wave and coupled to the electric field of the first antenna unit 31 contributes to the radiation. And couple with the electric field of the third antenna unit 33. That is, it is considered that the broadband matching can be realized by the second antenna unit 32 functioning to bridge the transmission wave of the first antenna unit 31 to the radiation wave of the third antenna unit 33. Then, the conditions for the second antenna unit 32 to take on a bridging function of the transmission wave and the radiation wave are adjusted by the first impedance adjustment means and the second impedance adjustment means.

図5は、図2(a)の第1比較例であるアンテナ101を400MHzで動作させた状態をHFSSによりシミュレートした結果である。d1=d2=−0.21mmの場合、Y軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)の電界は、第1アンテナ部31と第2アンテナ部32において、アンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中し、電界強度はモノポールに沿ってZ軸方向へ連続的に分布している。一方、第3アンテナ部33の電界は上端部を除いて弱い。第3アンテナ部33の近傍に地導体4がないため、第2アンテナ部32を伝搬する電波が第3アンテナ部33へ効率的に伝送されないものと考えられる。   FIG. 5 is a result of simulating, with HFSS, a state in which the antenna 101 which is the first comparative example of FIG. 2A is operated at 400 MHz. In the case of d1 = d2 = -0.21 mm, the electric field in the Y-axis direction (longitudinal direction of the antenna) is concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 in the first antenna portion 31 and the second antenna portion 32. The electric field strength is distributed continuously in the Z-axis direction along the monopole. On the other hand, the electric field of the third antenna unit 33 is weak except for the upper end. Since there is no ground conductor 4 in the vicinity of the third antenna unit 33, it is considered that radio waves propagating through the second antenna unit 32 are not efficiently transmitted to the third antenna unit 33.

図6は、図2(b)の第2比較例であるアンテナ102を400MHzで動作させた状態をHFSSによりシミュレートした結果である。d1=d2=7.78mmの場合、第1アンテナ部31と第2アンテナ部32では、電界は2つの部分に集中しており、アンテナ素子3と地導体4との間に集中している電界は誘電体基板2の表面に沿うようにX軸方向(左右方向)に向いており、アンテナ素子3の右側縁(外側)に集中する電界はY軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に向いている。これらの電界の位相は共にアンテナ素子3に沿ってZ軸方向(上下方向)へほぼ連続的に分布している。第3アンテナ部33では、電界はアンテナ素子3に沿ってZ軸方向(上下方向)に分布し、Y軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に向いている。この電界の振幅は上端部(開放端部)で不連続的であるが、第2アンテナ部32のY軸方向の電界と位相が連続的に分布している。しかしながら、第1アンテナ部31の特性インピーダンスが給電点において50オームに整合していないため、広帯域整合が得られないものと考えられる。   FIG. 6 shows the result of simulating, with HFSS, the state in which the antenna 102 which is the second comparative example of FIG. 2B is operated at 400 MHz. In the case of d1 = d2 = 7.78 mm, in the first antenna unit 31 and the second antenna unit 32, the electric field is concentrated in two parts, and the electric field concentrated between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 Is oriented in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) along the surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the electric field concentrated on the right side edge (outside) of the antenna element 3 is oriented in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction of the antenna) . The phases of these electric fields are distributed substantially continuously along the antenna element 3 in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). In the third antenna unit 33, the electric field is distributed in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) along the antenna element 3 and directed in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction of the antenna). The amplitude of the electric field is discontinuous at the upper end (open end), but the electric field and the phase in the Y-axis direction of the second antenna unit 32 are continuously distributed. However, it is considered that wide band matching can not be obtained because the characteristic impedance of the first antenna unit 31 does not match 50 ohms at the feeding point.

これら比較例の結果として、第1〜第3アンテナ部31〜33には、以下のような関係があると考えられる。離隔距離d1=d2=−0.21mmのとき、アンテナ素子3と地導体4との間にY軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)の強い電界が分布する。アンテナ素子3の右側縁(外側)にも第1アンテナ部31から第2アンテナ部32に沿って弱い電界が分布し、この電界は誘電体基板2の表面に沿うようにX軸方向に向く。一方、離隔距離d1=d2=7.78mmのとき、アンテナ素子3と地導体4との間の電界は誘電体基板2の表面に沿うようにX軸方向に向く。アンテナ素子3の右側縁(外側)に分布する電界はY軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に向く。第2アンテナ部32の右側縁(外側)に沿って、Y軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に電界が分布するとき、第3アンテナ部33にも強い電界が現れる。第3アンテナ部33では、電界はY軸方向(アンテナの前後方向)に向き、右側縁(外側)に沿って電界が分布し、特に上端部に強い電界が生じている。   As a result of these comparative examples, it is considered that the first to third antenna units 31 to 33 have the following relationship. When the separation distance d1 = d2 = −0.21 mm, a strong electric field in the Y-axis direction (the front-rear direction of the antenna) is distributed between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4. A weak electric field is distributed along the first antenna portion 31 to the second antenna portion 32 also on the right side edge (outside) of the antenna element 3, and the electric field is directed in the X axis direction along the surface of the dielectric substrate 2. On the other hand, when the separation distance d1 = d2 = 7.78 mm, the electric field between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 is directed in the X-axis direction along the surface of the dielectric substrate 2. The electric field distributed at the right side edge (outside) of the antenna element 3 is directed in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction of the antenna). When an electric field is distributed in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction of the antenna) along the right side edge (outside) of the second antenna unit 32, a strong electric field also appears in the third antenna unit 33. In the third antenna unit 33, the electric field is directed in the Y-axis direction (longitudinal direction of the antenna), the electric field is distributed along the right edge (outside), and a strong electric field is generated particularly at the upper end.

一方、広帯域アンテナ1を550MHzで動作させた状態をHFSSによりシミュレートした結果を図7に、広帯域アンテナ1を250MHzで動作させた状態をHFSSによりシミュレートした結果を図8にそれぞれ示す。これら図7および図8の電界分布は、図4に示した電界分布と同様の傾向にあることがわかる。すなわち、広帯域アンテナ1は、異なる周波数での動作においても、第2アンテナ部32が、第1アンテナ部31の伝送波を第3アンテナ部33の放射波に橋渡しするように機能することで、広帯域整合を実現できるものと考えられる。   On the other hand, FIG. 7 shows the result of simulating the state in which the wide band antenna 1 is operated at 550 MHz by HFSS, and FIG. 8 shows the result of simulating the state in which the wide band antenna 1 is operated at 250 MHz by HFSS. It can be seen that the electric field distributions in FIGS. 7 and 8 have the same tendency as the electric field distribution shown in FIG. That is, even in the operation at different frequencies, the wide band antenna 1 functions so that the second antenna unit 32 bridges the transmission wave of the first antenna unit 31 to the radiation wave of the third antenna unit 33. It is considered that the matching can be realized.

次に、第1アンテナ部31と第2アンテナ部32の幅を変化させて、第1インピーダンス調整手段および第2インピーダンス調整手段としての機能変化を考える。   Next, the widths of the first antenna unit 31 and the second antenna unit 32 are changed to consider functional changes as the first impedance adjusting unit and the second impedance adjusting unit.

図9は、第1アンテナ部31の幅W1を変えた場合の反射係数|S11|の周波数特性をHFSSによりシミュレートした結果である。図9(a)は、第1アンテナ部31の左側縁部31lを1l方向(地導体4との重なり幅を広くする方向)へ0.5mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。この結果より、第1アンテナ部31の左側縁部31l側が地導体4と重なる領域を最適設計値からずらすと、敏感に特性変化が生じ、広帯域特性が失われてしまうことが分かる。一方、図9(b)は、第1アンテナ部31の右側縁部31rを1r方向(幅W1を右側へ広げる方向)へ2mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。この結果より、第1アンテナ部31の右側縁部31rを変えて幅W1を広げたり狭めたりしても、顕著な特性変化は生じないことが分かる。   FIG. 9 shows the result of simulating the frequency characteristic of the reflection coefficient | S11 | when the width W1 of the first antenna unit 31 is changed by HFSS. FIG. 9 (a) is a frequency characteristic diagram showing a characteristic change when the left edge portion 31l of the first antenna unit 31 is increased or decreased by 0.5 mm in the 1l direction (direction in which the overlapping width with the ground conductor 4 is widened). is there. From this result, it is understood that when the region where the left edge portion 31 l side of the first antenna portion 31 overlaps the ground conductor 4 is shifted from the optimum design value, the characteristic change occurs sensitively and the wide band characteristic is lost. On the other hand, FIG. 9B is a frequency characteristic diagram showing a characteristic change when the right side edge 31r of the first antenna unit 31 is increased or decreased by 2 mm in the 1r direction (the direction in which the width W1 is expanded to the right). From this result, it can be seen that even if the width W1 is widened or narrowed by changing the right side edge 31r of the first antenna portion 31, no noticeable characteristic change occurs.

図10は、第2アンテナ部32の幅W2を変えた場合の反射係数|S11|の周波数特性をHFSSによりシミュレートした結果である。図10(a)は、第2アンテナ部32の左側縁部32lを2l方向(地導体4との離隔距離d2を狭くする方向)へ2mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。この結果より、第2アンテナ部32の左側縁部32lと地導体4の地導体右側縁部4rとの離隔距離d2を最適設計値からずらすと、敏感に特性変化が生じ、広帯域特性に大きな影響を及ぼすことが分かる。一方、図10(b)は、第2アンテナ部32の右側縁部32rを2r方向(幅W2を右側へ広げる方向)へ2mm増減させた場合の特性変化を示す周波数特性図である。この結果より、第2アンテナ部32の右側縁部32rを変えて幅W2を広げたり狭めたりしても、顕著な特性変化は生じないことが分かる。   FIG. 10 shows the result of simulating the frequency characteristics of the reflection coefficient | S11 | when the width W2 of the second antenna unit 32 is changed by HFSS. FIG. 10 (a) is a frequency characteristic diagram showing a change in characteristics when the left edge portion 32l of the second antenna portion 32 is increased or decreased by 2 mm in the 21 direction (the direction in which the separation distance d2 with the ground conductor 4 is narrowed). . From this result, if the separation distance d2 between the left side edge 32l of the second antenna part 32 and the ground conductor right side edge 4r of the ground conductor 4 is shifted from the optimum design value, the characteristic changes sensitively, and the wide band characteristic is greatly affected. It can be seen that On the other hand, FIG. 10 (b) is a frequency characteristic diagram showing a change in characteristics when the right side edge 32r of the second antenna unit 32 is increased or decreased by 2 mm in the 2r direction (direction in which the width W2 is expanded to the right). From this result, it can be seen that no significant characteristic change occurs even if the width W2 is widened or narrowed by changing the right side edge 32r of the second antenna unit 32.

図11に示すのは、前述した第1実施形態の広帯域アンテナ1を設計値通りに試作した外観図である。この試作アンテナで反射係数|S11|の周波数特性を実測した結果を図12に示す。図12から、試作アンテナによって220MHz〜600MHzの比帯域約93%(シミュレーション結果とほぼ同じ)でインピーダンス整合を実現できていることが確認できる。   FIG. 11 is an external view of the wide band antenna 1 of the first embodiment described above, which is prototyped as designed. The result of actually measuring the frequency characteristics of the reflection coefficient | S11 | with this prototype antenna is shown in FIG. From FIG. 12, it can be confirmed that the impedance matching can be realized by the prototype antenna at a relative bandwidth of about 93% (approximately the same as the simulation result) of 220 MHz to 600 MHz.

図13〜図15は、それぞれ250MHz、400MHz、550MHzで駆動させた試作アンテナの実測結果とHFSSで演算したシミュレーション結果とを対比して示した動作利得パターンである。測定結果とシミュレーション結果は正確に一致していないが、似た傾向を示している。この相違の原因は、測定設定誤差、給電線路の影響、電波吸収体の特性がこの低周波数帯域で十分でないことなどが考えられる。また、地導体4の地導体上縁部4tに平行な水平偏波の放射を伴うが、ほぼ無指向性の垂直偏波が広帯域に実現できていることが分かる。   FIGS. 13 to 15 are operation gain patterns comparing the actual measurement results of the trial antennas driven at 250 MHz, 400 MHz, and 550 MHz with the simulation results calculated by HFSS, respectively. The measurement results and the simulation results do not exactly match, but show similar trends. The cause of this difference may be that the measurement setting error, the influence of the feed line, and the characteristic of the radio wave absorber are not sufficient in this low frequency band. Also, it can be seen that, although radiation of horizontal polarization parallel to the ground conductor upper edge 4t of the ground conductor 4 is accompanied, substantially omnidirectional vertical polarization can be realized in a wide band.

このように、広帯域アンテナ1によれば、反射係数|S11|が−10dB以下となる比帯域が約93%の広帯域整合を得ることができる。すなわち、アンテナ素子3の給電点に近い部分(第1アンテナ部31)は、地導体4と重なる領域である第1インピーダンス調整手段を適切に設定することで伝送波が主に分布することとなり、アンテナ素子3の給電点からやや遠い部分(第2アンテナ部32)は、地導体4との離隔距離である第2インピーダンス調整手段を適切に設定することで伝送波と放射波の両方が分布することとなり、伝送波は電気的に結合するので、第2アンテナ部32で放射波に変換され、第2アンテナ部32と第3アンテナ部33を合わせた全体から、電波が効率的に放射されると考えられる。しかも、伝送波は広帯域にインピーダンスがほぼ一定であることから、放射波への変換が広帯域に作用するので、広帯域特性が得られると考えられる。   As described above, according to the wide band antenna 1, it is possible to obtain a wide band matching in which the fractional band for which the reflection coefficient | S11 | is -10 dB or less is about 93%. That is, in the portion (first antenna portion 31) close to the feeding point of the antenna element 3, the transmission wave is mainly distributed by appropriately setting the first impedance adjusting means which is a region overlapping with the ground conductor 4. By setting the second impedance adjustment means, which is a distance from the ground conductor 4, at a portion slightly away from the feeding point of the antenna element 3 (the second antenna portion 32), both the transmission wave and the radiation wave are distributed. Since the transmission wave is electrically coupled, the second antenna unit 32 converts the transmission wave into a radiation wave, and radio waves are efficiently radiated from the entire of the second antenna unit 32 and the third antenna unit 33 in combination. it is conceivable that. Moreover, since the transmission wave has a substantially constant impedance in a wide band, conversion to a radiation wave acts in a wide band, so it is considered that a wide band characteristic can be obtained.

また、本実施形態の広帯域アンテナ1は、誘電体基板2の厚さh=0.8mm、比誘電率εr=2.17、整合周波数帯域を220MHz〜605MHzとした場合の設計例であり、誘電体基板2の厚さhを小さくする、或いは誘電率を低くする、或いは整合周波数帯域をより低周波帯にすると、アンテナ素子3と地導体4の間隔は電気的に狭くなるので、広帯域整合を実現するための適切な離隔距離d1の絶対値は小さく(第1アンテナ部31と地導体4との重なり幅は狭く)なり、適切な離隔距離d2は大きく(第2アンテナ部32と地導体4との離隔幅は広く)なる傾向にあると考えられる。   Further, the wide band antenna 1 of the present embodiment is a design example in the case where the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 2 is 0.8 mm, the relative permittivity εr is 2.17, and the matching frequency band is 220 MHz to 605 MHz. When the thickness h of the body substrate 2 is reduced, or the dielectric constant is decreased, or the matching frequency band is set to a lower frequency band, the distance between the antenna element 3 and the ground conductor 4 becomes electrically narrow, so wide band matching is performed. The absolute value of the appropriate separation distance d1 for achieving is small (the overlapping width between the first antenna unit 31 and the ground conductor 4 is narrow), and the appropriate separation distance d2 is large (the second antenna unit 32 and the ground conductor 4 The gap between the

上述した第1実施形態の広帯域アンテナ1は、アンテナ素子3の全てを誘電体基板2のアンテナ素子形成面21に形成する構造としたが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、図16に示す第2実施形態の広帯域アンテナ1′においては、アンテナ素子3′の第1アンテナ部31および第2アンテナ部32を誘電体基板2′のアンテナ素子形成面21に設けて、第3アンテナ部として伸縮可能なロッドアンテナ33′を誘電体基板2の基板上縁部2tから突出するように設け、ロッドアンテナ33′の基端部と第2アンテナ部32の上端部とを電気的に接続した構成である。   Although the wide band antenna 1 of the first embodiment described above has a structure in which all of the antenna elements 3 are formed on the antenna element forming surface 21 of the dielectric substrate 2, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the wide band antenna 1 'of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the first antenna portion 31 and the second antenna portion 32 of the antenna element 3' are provided on the antenna element forming surface 21 of the dielectric substrate 2 '. A telescopic rod antenna 33 'is provided as a third antenna portion so as to project from the substrate upper edge 2t of the dielectric substrate 2, and the base end portion of the rod antenna 33' and the upper end portion of the second antenna portion 32 are electrically Are connected in the same manner.

第1インピーダンス調整手段を実現する第1アンテナ部31および第2インピーダンス調整手段を実現する第2アンテナ部32は、地導体4との位置関係でシビアな特性変化を及ぼすのに対して、第3アンテナ部にはそのような厳しい配設要件が課されていないので、第2アンテナ部2の上端部に接続したロッドアンテナ33′を第3アンテナ部とした場合でも、放射波は第2アンテナ部32から第3アンテナ部33へ連続的に伝搬するので、広帯域特性を保持できる。しかも、不使用時にはロッドアンテナ33′を縮めておくことで、更なる小形化を実現できる。なお、ロッドアンテナ33′の基部が傾動自在な構造としておけば、不使用時にロッドアンテナ33′を誘電体基板2の基板上縁部2tに沿うよう横に倒して収納できるので、可搬性が一層高まる。   While the first antenna unit 31 for realizing the first impedance adjusting means and the second antenna unit 32 for realizing the second impedance adjusting means exert a severe characteristic change due to the positional relationship with the ground conductor 4, Since such a strict arrangement requirement is not imposed on the antenna unit, even when the rod antenna 33 'connected to the upper end of the second antenna unit 2 is used as the third antenna unit, the radiation wave is the second antenna unit Since the signal is continuously propagated from 32 to the third antenna unit 33, wide band characteristics can be maintained. Moreover, by reducing the rod antenna 33 'when not in use, further miniaturization can be realized. If the base of the rod antenna 33 'is tiltable, the rod antenna 33' can be folded sideways along the substrate upper edge 2t of the dielectric substrate 2 when not in use, thereby further enhancing portability. Increase.

また、上述した第1実施形態及び第2実施形態の広帯域アンテナ1,1′のように、誘電体基板2の基板下縁部2tと第1アンテナ素子31の下端部を一致させて、アンテナ素子3の延設方向と約45゜の角度を成すマイクロストリップ線路34によりアンテナ素子3の下端部3bから給電する構造とすれば、誘電体基板2の基板高さを抑制できるが、この給電手法に限定されるものではない。   Further, as in the broadband antennas 1 and 1 'of the first and second embodiments described above, the lower end of the first antenna element 31 is made to coincide with the lower edge portion 2t of the dielectric substrate 2 and the antenna element If the power is supplied from the lower end 3b of the antenna element 3 by the microstrip line 34 forming an angle of about 45 ° with the extending direction of the substrate 3, the substrate height of the dielectric substrate 2 can be suppressed. It is not limited.

例えば、図17に示す第3実施形態の広帯域アンテナ3″では、一般的なマイクロストリップライン給電と同様に、アンテナ素子3″に対して直交するように50Ωの特性インピーダンスが得られるマイクロストリップ線路34″を設けた。この第3実施形態に係る広帯域アンテナ3″では、誘電体基板2の基板下縁部2bおよび地導体4の地導体下縁部4bがアンテナ素子3の下端部3bよりも下方に位置するように形成しなければならないため、アンテナサイズが大きくなってしまうものの、マイクロストリップ線路34″と第1アンテナ部31との不要な相互結合を低減できるという利点がある。従って、広帯域アンテナ3″は、目的とする周波数帯が高く、アンテナの小形化があまり重要でない場合に用いれば、動作安定性を高めることができ、信頼性向上に有効である。   For example, in the wide band antenna 3 ′ ′ according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 17, a microstrip line 34 can obtain a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω so as to be orthogonal to the antenna element 3 ′ ′. In the broadband antenna 3 '"according to the third embodiment, the substrate lower edge 2b of the dielectric substrate 2 and the ground conductor lower edge 4b of the ground conductor 4 are lower than the lower end 3b of the antenna element 3". Therefore, although the antenna size is increased, unnecessary mutual coupling between the microstrip line 34 ′ ′ and the first antenna portion 31 can be advantageously reduced. 3 ′ ′ improves operational stability if used when the target frequency band is high and antenna miniaturization is not very important Door can be, it is effective in improving the reliability.

以上、本発明に係る広帯域アンテナを実施形態に基づき説明したが、本発明は、これらの実施形態に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載の構成を変更しない限りにおいて実現可能な全ての広帯域アンテナを権利範囲として包摂するものである。   As mentioned above, although the wideband antenna concerning the present invention was explained based on the embodiment, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and all that can be realized without changing the configuration described in the claims. It is intended to include the broadband antenna of

1 広帯域アンテナ
2 誘電体基板
21 アンテナ素子形成面
22 地導体形成面
3 アンテナ素子
31 第1アンテナ部
31l 左側縁部
31r 右側縁部
32 第2アンテナ部
32l 左側縁部
32r 右側縁部
33 第3アンテナ部
33l 左側縁部
33r 右側縁部
34 マイクロストリップ線路
4 地導体
4r 地導体右側縁部
5 給電部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wideband antenna 2 Dielectric substrate 21 Antenna element formation surface 22 Ground conductor formation surface 3 Antenna element 31 1st antenna part 31 l Left side edge 31r Right side edge 32 2nd antenna part 32l Left side edge 32r Right side edge 33 3rd antenna Part 33l Left edge 33r Right edge 34 Microstrip line 4 Ground conductor 4r Ground conductor right edge 5 Feeding part

Claims (3)

誘電体基板の一方の面には地導体を設け、他方の面には導電性のアンテナ素子を設けてなる広帯域アンテナであって、
前記地導体は、直線状の地導体基準縁部が前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部より適宜距離を隔てて位置するように設けることで、少なくとも前記基板基準縁部と地導体基準縁部との間に非導電領域を形成し、
前記アンテナ素子は、前記地導体基準縁部に平行な3つの導体である第1アンテナ部、第2アンテナ部および第3アンテナ部を順に連結した構造で、且つ、第1アンテナ部および第2アンテナ部の大部分は、前記誘電体基板の非導電領域に対向する領域に形成し、
前記第1アンテナ部は、前記第2アンテナ部と連結されない非連結側端部より給電され、前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第1側縁部と、前記地導体の地導体基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第2側縁部とにより、非連結側端部より連結側端部まで幅W1の帯状となし、さらに、前記第2側縁部と前記地導体基準縁部との離隔距離d1が負の値となるように配置することで、誘電体基板を挟んで第1アンテナ部の第2側縁部側が前記地導体と重なる領域を形成する第1インピーダンス調整手段を形成し、
前記第2アンテナ部は、前記第1アンテナ部の連結側端部に一方端部が連結されると共に他方端部が前記第3アンテナ部に連結され、前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第1側縁部と、前記地導体の地導体基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第2側縁部とにより、前記第1アンテナ部との連結端部より第3アンテナ部との連結端部まで幅W2の帯状となし、さらに、前記第2アンテナ部の第2側縁部と前記地導体基準縁部との離隔距離d2が正の値となるように配置することで、誘電体基板を挟んで第2アンテナ部の第2側縁部側が前記地導体から隔たる領域を形成する第2インピーダンス調整手段を形成し、
前記第3アンテナ部は、前記第2アンテナ部と一方端が連結されると共に他方端部が開放端となるようにした、
ことを特徴とする広帯域アンテナ。
A broadband antenna comprising a ground conductor provided on one side of a dielectric substrate and a conductive antenna element provided on the other side,
The ground conductor is provided such that the linear ground conductor reference edge is located at an appropriate distance from the substrate reference edge of the dielectric substrate, thereby at least the substrate reference edge and the ground conductor reference edge. Form a nonconductive region between
The antenna element has a structure in which a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit, and a third antenna unit, which are three conductors parallel to the ground conductor reference edge, are connected in order, and the first antenna unit and the second antenna Most of the portion is formed in a region facing the nonconductive region of the dielectric substrate,
The first antenna portion is supplied with power from the non-connecting side end portion not connected to the second antenna portion, and is located on the substrate reference edge side of the dielectric substrate and is parallel to the ground conductor reference edge portion. A strip having a width W1 from the non-connecting side end to the connecting side end by an edge and a second side edge located on the ground conductor reference edge side of the ground conductor and parallel to the ground conductor reference edge And the second side of the first antenna portion across the dielectric substrate by arranging such that the separation distance d1 between the second side edge and the ground conductor reference edge has a negative value. Forming a first impedance adjusting means forming an area where an edge side overlaps with the ground conductor;
One end of the second antenna unit is connected to the connection side end of the first antenna unit and the other end is connected to the third antenna unit, and the second antenna unit is connected to the substrate reference edge of the dielectric substrate. A first side edge located parallel to the ground conductor reference edge and a second side edge located on the ground conductor reference edge side of the ground conductor parallel to the ground conductor reference edge, A band of width W2 is formed from the connection end with the first antenna portion to the connection end with the third antenna portion, and the second side edge of the second antenna portion and the ground conductor reference edge By arranging so that the separation distance d2 is a positive value, a second impedance adjustment means is formed in which the second side edge side of the second antenna portion forms a region separated from the ground conductor with the dielectric substrate interposed therebetween. And
In the third antenna unit, one end is connected to the second antenna unit and the other end is an open end.
Wideband antenna characterized by
前記第3アンテナ部は、前記誘電体基板の基板基準縁部側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第1側縁部と、該第1側縁部と反対側に位置して前記地導体基準縁部と平行な第2側縁部とにより、前記第2アンテナ部との連結端部より開放端まで幅W3が一定となる帯状導体としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の広帯域アンテナ。   The third antenna portion is located on the substrate reference edge side of the dielectric substrate, and is located on a first side edge parallel to the ground conductor reference edge, and on the opposite side of the first side edge A strip-shaped conductor having a constant width W3 from the connection end with the second antenna portion to the open end by the second side edge parallel to the ground conductor reference edge. Wideband antenna as described. 前記第3アンテナ部は、基端部を前記第2アンテナ部と接続した伸縮可能なロッドアンテナであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の広帯域アンテナ。   The wide band antenna according to claim 1, wherein the third antenna unit is an extendable rod antenna having a base end connected to the second antenna unit.
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