JP6543426B1 - Alternator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive generator that is easy to use as a household emergency power supply, provided with a voltage waveform and a frequency that can be directly connected to home appliances and the like. SOLUTION: A generator has a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnets 2 radially arranged around a rotation shaft 4 and a plurality of armature coils 1 located between the two permanent magnets 2 and fixed. Have a child. Since the two permanent magnets 2 have magnetic directions attracting each other, magnetic flux is formed between them, and the magnetic directions of the permanent magnets 2 adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotor are alternately arranged, and the plurality of armature coils 1 are respectively It has a substantially U shape and a shape approximate to a sine waveform. [Selected figure] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an alternator.

As seen in Patent Document 1 etc., the wind power generator does not have a constant rotational speed of the generator because it leaves the wind, that is, the frequency is not stable, the generated voltage waveform does not become a regular sine wave, and It can not be used directly as an AC power supply. Therefore, we have no choice but to convert the generated alternating current into direct current and then convert it back to alternating current with a DC / AC converter etc. and connect it to a power supply for home use or to a power transmission line for sale. The

Also in Patent Document 2, since the generated single-phase AC voltage can not be used directly as a household AC power supply, it is converted into a commercial voltage single-phase AC voltage of a predetermined voltage by an inverter and a voltage stabilization circuit. I have proposed a method.

Patent Document 3 proposes using a circular magnet for the rotor, and an armature which is a stator, arranges coreless circular spiral coils in a plane, and proposes rotation by a DC motor. However, when combining a circular magnet and a spiral armature coil, there is a moment when an electromotive force is generated in a direction to cancel out in the coil as the magnet moves, so the efficiency of the generated voltage is poor and the waveform is also sinusoidal It does not become a wave. For this reason, in the invention of patent document 3, although the rotation speed of a rotor is raised in order to make generated voltage high, the frequency of the alternating current generated by this also becomes high. As a result, since it can not be used directly as household AC power supply, the generated AC is temporarily converted to DC, and then reconverted to AC by a DC / AC converter or the like.

Patent Document 4 also proposes a hydroelectric power generation system in which a spiral coil is disposed on a flat surface as an armature, but since this method is also a hydroelectric power generation, the number of rotations of the generator is not constant. That is, since the frequency is not stable and the generated voltage waveform does not become a regular sine wave, the generated AC is once converted to a DC, and adopted a method of converting it to a household AC power supply by a DC / AC converter etc. There is. The generated AC voltage also does not have a sinusoidal waveform because the stator is a spiral coil.

In any of the above inventions, since the frequency is not constant and the voltage waveform generated does not become a sine wave, the generated AC is once converted to DC and used as DC for use as a household AC power supply. There is no choice but to select a means of conversion using an AC converter or the like. In addition, when an iron core (core) is disposed at a portion where the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet interlinks with the armature coil which is a stator in order to increase the generated AC voltage, a force (cogging torque) where the permanent magnet and the iron core (core) attract each other It is a common problem that the armature coil has to be made coreless because the rotor can not rotate smoothly. As a countermeasure therefor, there has been proposed a method of making the shape of the armature coil into a curved ring shape similar to a fan shape or a sine curve, but there is a limit in the coreless armature coil.

Patent No. 3047180 JP, 2005-160197, A JP, 2016-92917, A Utility model 3175706 gazette

  An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive AC generator which is easy to use as a household emergency power supply, having a voltage waveform and a frequency which can be directly connected to home appliances and the like.

In the generator according to the present invention, two rectangular solid permanent magnets are disposed in a direction in which the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet is substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis, and a plurality of sets are arranged radially around the rotation axis And a stator having a plurality of armature coils positioned between the two permanent magnets, the two permanent magnets having magnetic directions attracting each other, so that a magnetic flux is formed between them. And the magnetic directions of the permanent magnets adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotor are alternately arranged, and the plurality of armature coils have upper and lower ends of the coil in the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet, respectively ; One end of the coil in the longitudinal direction coincides with the upper end of the coil or is disposed outside the coil from the upper end, and the shape of the coil in a range where the permanent magnet and the coil face is a sine wave ( upper end of the coil ) sine curve) Characterized in that the half period of the sine wave to peak is a near have curved.

According to the present invention, a power generation waveform close to a sine wave can be obtained, and it has a voltage waveform and frequency that can be directly connected to home appliances etc., and is an easy-to-use and inexpensive AC generator for household emergency power. Can be provided.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an emergency alternator according to the present invention; Axial sectional view of FIG. 1, A top view of FIG. 1, A rotor perspective view of Embodiment 1; An illustration of Fleming's right-hand rule, Power generation explanatory diagram of triangular coil and power generation waveform of triangular coil, Power generation explanatory diagram of trapezoidal coil, and power generation waveform of trapezoidal coil, Power generation explanatory view of a substantially U-shaped coil, and a power generation waveform of a substantially U-shaped coil, A side view in which the coil shape of the first embodiment according to the present invention is deformed; A side view of a third embodiment related to the present invention; A side view of a fourth embodiment according to the present invention; A side view of a fifth embodiment according to the present invention; The perspective view of the doughnut-shaped permanent magnet of Example 6 in connection with this invention.

Hereinafter, although the generator of the present invention is explained based on each example, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to these examples.

First, a method for making a power generation waveform approximate to a sine waveform (sine curve) will be described.

As shown in FIG. 5, the basic of a generator utilizing the Fleming's right-hand rule uses the phenomenon that a current is generated when a wire passes through a magnetic flux. For example, when the permanent magnet is moved from the right to the left of the figure with respect to the electric wire in which the magnetic flux formed by the opposing permanent magnets as shown in FIG. Is the same as the movement from the left to the right of the figure, a current is generated on the right side of the wire from the bottom to the top of the figure as shown in FIG. 6 (A). When the permanent magnet passes over the entrance of the right side of the figure and passes the apex of the triangle, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the electric wire on the left side similarly generates current from the bottom to the top of the figure. The direction of the current is reversed in the inside. When the permanent magnet passes the wire on the left side, the next permanent magnet acts on the wire on the right side again, and the permanent magnet reverses in polarity, so the coil on the right side goes from the top to the bottom of the figure. A new current is generated. That is, in the wire, the current flows in the same direction as the current generated on the left side before that. By repeating this phenomenon, an alternating current is continuously generated in the electric wire, and the permanent magnet passes continuously. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6C, it becomes an alternating waveform of a triangular wave.

When the shape of the electric wire is trapezoidal as shown in FIG. 7A, the current generated in the electric wire in the diagonal part on the right side is the same as in the case of the triangular shape, but as shown in FIG. When the permanent magnet passes through the part, the current does not occur in the electric wire because it deviates from the right-hand rule. As shown in FIG. 7C, a current is generated when the permanent magnet passes the trapezoidal upper bottom portion and passes through the electric wire in the left oblique portion. When the shape of the electric wire is trapezoidal, as shown in FIG. 7D, it becomes an alternating triangular wave of an irregular triangular wave in which the current is partially zero.

As shown in FIG. 8, when the shape of the electric wire is substantially U-shaped and approximate to a sine waveform (sine curve), the AC waveform generated continuously becomes a waveform close to a sine waveform. Although the electric wire has been treated as a single wire in the above description, it is needless to say that even when the wire is wound multiple times to form a coil, the generated AC waveform is the same.

In the present invention, according to the method shown in FIG. 8, the shape of the coil is made approximately U-shaped and approximate to a sine wave (sine curve), the opposing permanent magnets form magnetic flux, and the adjacent permanent magnets are polarized. Generates an AC waveform close to a sine wave by continuously passing each of the inverted combinations through the coil.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the shape of the armature coil 1 which is a plurality of stators located between a plurality of sets of permanent magnets 2 which is a rotor has a sine waveform having an upper end in the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet By making the curve shape approximate to a sine curve, it is possible to make the generated voltage waveform close to a regular sine waveform. Further, the number of the plurality of permanent magnets 2 is set to twice the number of the plurality of armature coils 1, and the frequency of generating power by appropriately rotating the rotation number of the motor 3 for driving the rotor at a constant speed It is possible to obtain a frequency that can be used directly as a household AC power supply. In order to increase the generated voltage, it becomes possible by arranging the magnetic core 6 at the position of the opening remote from the armature coil 1 portion where the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2 to which the cogging torque is not applied interlinks.

In addition, in patent document 1, the method of forming the shape of an armature coil in the ring shape of the curved shape similar to a sine curve is shown. However, as described in paragraph 0007, this object is to increase the induced electromotive force as compared with the circular coil, and the generated voltage waveform is not a means to approximate to a sine waveform.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention comprises a rotor in which a plurality of pairs of opposing permanent magnets 2 (magnet pairs) are radially arranged around a rotating shaft 4, and as shown in FIG. It has a stator with a plurality of armature coils 1 located between two permanent magnets 2 (magnet pairs). As shown in FIG. 3, the two permanent magnets 2 of the magnet pair disposed so as to sandwich the stator have magnetic directions attracting each other, and the magnetism of the permanent magnet 2 adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotor The magnet pairs are arranged at predetermined angles based on 60 degrees, alternately arranging directions. Further, the plurality of armature coils 1 are disposed at predetermined angles based on 120 degrees, and one armature coil 1 is formed such that both coil ends are disposed at an angle of about 60 degrees. The rotor generates electric power by rotating at a constant speed by a DC motor 3 or the like.

Three armature coils 1 are arranged at substantially equal intervals on the basis of 120 degrees on the rotating circumferential orbit of the permanent magnet 2 which is a rotor, and magnetic directions adjacent to each other at the predetermined angle are An alternating current waveform is generated as the inverted magnet pair passes continuously to the armature coil 1. In order to make the generated voltage waveform close to a sine wave, the shape of the substantially U-shaped coil 1 of the portion through which the magnet pair of the rotor passes (the magnetic flux interlinks with the armature coil 1 as a stator) is sine The shape close to the waveform (the positive part of the “sine curve” (half of one cycle = half cycle) may be as described with reference to FIG. 8. Also, it corresponds to a half cycle of a sine wave. The N and S polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets 2 opposed to each other across the substantially U-shaped armature coil 1 at intervals are arranged in reverse (FIG. 3), in this state, the permanent magnet between the opposed N and S poles. The magnet 2 (rotor) moves in the direction in which the rotor rotates with the armature coil 1 (the positive portion of the sine wave) being the stator, the armature coil 1 (positive portion of the sine wave) The current flows from the magnetic pole direction N to S for half a cycle, and the permanent magnet 2 has finished moving for a half cycle The next facing permanent magnet 2 passes, but since the facing permanent magnet 2 has the magnetic pole direction S → N, the current flows in the opposite direction to the direction in which it flowed by the permanent magnet 2 that passed earlier. An alternating current is generated in the armature coil 1 as a combination of opposing permanent magnets 2 facing each other passes continuously through the armature coil 1 at a constant speed. Although it is impossible to make a perfect sine wave as long as it is substantially U-shaped, if the shape is made as close to a sine wave as possible, the waveform of the generated AC voltage will also be close to a sine wave. The voltage generated by the generator is not sent from the commercial power source to the transmission line to be sold, but it is practically useless even if the generated AC voltage does not have a perfect sine waveform, because it is used as an emergency AC generator. Absent In addition, since the voltage waveform does not contain large harmonics as compared to a sine wave, it hardly damages any household equipment to be used. For example, it is possible if the generated alternating current is converted to a direct current and converted again to a complete sine wave alternating current by a DC / AC converter or the like.

When the number of armature coils 1 is three, the opposing permanent magnets 2 in the direction in which the magnetic poles of the rotor attract each other require twice or six sets of the number of coils. The armature coils 1 are each at a predetermined angle based on 120 degrees when viewed in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 4, and the positions of the windings on both sides of one coil are arranged at substantially equal intervals based on 60 degrees. Shall be The positions of six sets of permanent magnets 2 which are rotors are also arranged at substantially equal intervals with respect to 60 degrees as viewed from the rotation axis 4, and the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets 2 are reversed. (FIG. 3) In this arrangement, the permanent magnet 2 of the rotor rotates around the rotation axis 4 and the outer permanent magnet 2 (N pole) to the inner permanent magnet 2 (S pole) at the inlet side of one armature coil 1 The magnetic flux passes toward the Since the spacing pitch on the inlet side and the outlet side of the armature coil 1 is the same as the spacing pitch of the rotating permanent magnets 2 and the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets 2 are different, from the top of the figure on the inlet side of the armature coil 1 When the current is generated downward, the current is generated in the opposite direction at the outlet side of the armature coil 1. That is, current flows in the same direction at the same timing in one armature coil 1. In the case of this example, three armature coils 1 are arranged at intervals of about 120 degrees, and the permanent magnets 2 of the rotor are also arranged at the same interval pitch and are rotating. A current is generated in the coil 1 at substantially the same timing. Therefore, if three armature coils 1 are connected in series, a voltage of about three times the voltage generated by each armature coil 1 can be obtained. Further, by connecting three armature coils 1 in parallel, a current which is about three times the current generated by each armature coil 1 can be obtained. The armature coil 1 per piece increases the voltage obtained in proportion to the increase in the number of turns, but the poles of the rotor must be disposed inside between the opposing permanent magnets 2 in the direction of attraction with each other. Because of dimensional limitations, the number of turns can not be increased indiscriminately. Therefore, by connecting the armature coils 1 in series or in parallel, and boosting the voltage with the step-up transformer when the obtained voltage is low, it is possible to obtain a voltage necessary as an emergency power supply.

Since three armature coils 1 are arranged at substantially equal intervals on the basis of 120 degrees on the rotating circumferential orbit of the permanent magnet 2 which is the rotor, three cycles of one cycle of the rotor are made. Power generation takes place. Assuming that the rotation speed of the DC motor 3 for driving the rotor is 1000 rpm (rotations / minute), the rotation speed per second is 1000 ÷ 60 = 16.666 ·· rps (rotations / second). Since three cycles of power generation are performed while the rotor makes one revolution, the power generation cycle per second is 16.666 ·· × 3 = 50 cycles, ie, a power generation frequency of 50 Hz, and it is directly used as a household AC power supply. It is possible to obtain frequencies that can be connected in the same manner. Also, assuming that the rotation speed of the DC motor 3 to be driven is 1200 rpm, the power generation frequency is 60 Hz.

In the prior art, when an iron core (core) is disposed at a portion where the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2 interlinks with the armature coil 1 which is the stator, a force (cogging torque) is generated where the permanent magnet 2 and the iron core (core) attract each other. Since the rotor can not rotate smoothly, the armature coil 1 has to be made coreless, and as a countermeasure, a method of making the shape of the armature coil 1 a curved ring similar to a sector or sine curve is proposed. ing. However, in the present invention, the occurrence of cogging torque is avoided by arranging the magnetic core 6 at the position where the influence of the cogging torque does not reach, that is, the position away from the portion interlinking with the permanent magnet 2 which is the rotor. doing. When the core 6 is disposed inside the coreless armature coil 1, the inductance of the armature coil 1 is increased. A current is generated in the armature coil 1 by the permanent magnet 2 which is a rotor, but the higher the inductance of the armature coil 1, the higher the voltage generated in the armature coil 1. When one armature coil 1 is viewed as a reactor, the voltage V generated at both ends of the winding satisfies V = 2πfLI.
Here, f: frequency (Hz), L: inductance (H), I: current (A). That is, since the magnetic core 6 is disposed inside the armature coil 1, the inductance of the armature coil 1 is increased. Therefore, the voltage generated at both ends of the armature coil 1 becomes high.
There is no change in the voltage generated even if the lower portion of the armature coil 1 is deformed obliquely as shown in FIG.

In the present invention, three armature coils 1 are arranged, and when the respective armature coils 1 are connected in series, a voltage generated is three times as high as that of one armature coil 1. Further, when the respective armature coils 1 are connected in parallel, the generated current can be obtained three times the current of one armature coil 1. The frequency does not change in either series connection or parallel connection.

Note that the amount of magnetic flux acting on the armature coil 1 can be strengthened by fixing the facing permanent magnet 2 of the rotor to the metal yoke 5 that transmits magnetic flux, such as a U-shaped iron plate. I can expect it.

It goes without saying that the amount of magnetic flux acting on the armature coil 1 is increased by adopting a neodymium magnet or the like on the facing permanent magnet 2 of the rotor.

In the present invention, a DC motor 3 is used to rotate the rotor at a constant speed, and a DC power source such as a dry battery or a battery is required to drive the DC motor 3. Power generation will continue until the dry battery or battery is exhausted. Although the output voltage of the generator is boosted by the step-up transformer as described above so that it can be used for home use, this step-up transformer may be provided with an intermediate tap for direct current conversion to charge the battery of the DC motor 3 It is also possible to use as. It is needless to say that power can be generated similarly by rotating the rotor at a constant speed using a general engine or the like without being limited to the DC motor.

If there is a dimensional margin in the horizontal direction of the installation location, three armature coils 1 shown in the first embodiment are arranged at intervals of about 120 degrees, and six sets of permanent magnets 2 as rotors are arranged alternately. It is also possible to arrange two sets of permanent magnets 2 which are two rotors, that is, six armature coils 1 at intervals of about 60 degrees and 12 sets of permanent magnets 2 as a rotor. The arrangement of six armature coils 1 increases the diameter of the rotor. Also in this case, by connecting the armature coils 1 at the same timing when the current flowing in the armature coil 1 is the same or in parallel, twice as much current or voltage can be obtained as compared with the case of three armature coils 1. Be

It is also possible to vertically stack the generator of the first embodiment by two or more stages if there is a dimensional margin in the vertical direction of the installation location. In this case, if the positional relationship between the armature coil 1 and the permanent magnet 2 as the rotor in the vertical direction is the same, connecting the armature coils 1 having the same vertical positional relationship in parallel or in series Thus, twice as much current or voltage can be obtained as compared with the case where the armature coil 1 has one stage.

It is also possible to deploy the generator of Example 1 in the horizontal direction if there is a dimensional margin in the horizontal direction of the installation site. The arrangement of the armature coil 1 in this case holds the same concept as in the first and second embodiments.

  It is also possible to vertically stack the permanent magnet 2 and the armature coil 1 which are the rotor developed in the horizontal direction of the fourth embodiment in the longitudinal direction, and the same concept as the third embodiment is established. (Figure 12)

  As shown in Example 1, the permanent magnets 2 facing each other in the direction in which the magnetic poles of the rotor attract each other require six sets, and the positions of the six sets of permanent magnets 2 of the rotor are based on 60 degrees from the rotation axis. The permanent magnets 2 arranged adjacent to each other at substantially equal intervals are reversed, but this permanent magnet 2 should be replaced by two large and small donut-shaped integral permanent magnets on the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side. Is also possible. The donut-shaped integral permanent magnet has opposite polarities facing at an interval of about 60 degrees from the rotation axis, and the polarities of the outer and inner opposing positions attract each other. (Figure 13)

1 armature coil 2 permanent magnet 3 motor 4 shaft (rotational shaft)
5 yoke 6 core 7 coil holding

Claims (3)

Two rectangular solid permanent magnets (2) are disposed in a direction in which the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet is substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis (4), and a plurality of sets are arranged radially around the rotation axis It has a rotor and a stator with a plurality of armature coils (1) located between the two permanent magnets, the two permanent magnets having mutually attractive magnetic directions so that the two permanent magnets A magnetic flux is formed between the permanent magnets, and the directions of the magnetism of the permanent magnets adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotor are alternately arranged, and each of the plurality of armature coils is an upper end of the coil in the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet And a lower end, and one end of the permanent magnet in the longitudinal direction coincides with the upper end of the coil or is disposed outside the coil from the upper end, and the shape of the coil in a range in which the permanent magnet and the coil face each other Is sine the upper end of the coil Alternator, characterized in that the half period of the sine wave to the peak is a near have curved.
The alternating current power generation according to claim 1, wherein the number of sets of the two permanent magnets is twice the number of the plurality of armature coils, and the number of rotations of the rotor is determined by a power generation frequency. Machine. The AC generator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a magnetic core (6) at a position apart from the portion interlinking with the magnetic flux, of the opening of each of the plurality of armature coils.