JP6539173B2 - Wireless charging device and wireless charging method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wireless charging device and a charging method thereof, and more particularly to a device capable of wireless charging to a plurality of power receiving ends and a charging method thereof.

  A schematic diagram of a known wireless charging device is shown in FIG. 1 and includes a power transmission end 10 and a power reception end 20, wherein the power transmission end 10 comprises a transmission end coil 11 and a transmission end iron core plate 12; Similarly comprises a receiving end coil 21 and a receiving end iron core plate 22. The power transmission end 10 and the power reception end 20 are parallel and close to each other, and when the transmission end coil 11 is energized, an electromagnetic field is generated, which is sent to the reception end core 22 via the transmission end core 12 and further electromagnetic field Generates inductive power through the receiving end coil 21 to achieve the purpose of wireless charging.

  However, all known wireless charging devices are charged one-to-one, and all devices at the power receiving end 20 are placed flat on the charging platform of the power transmitting end 10 to perform wireless charging. Therefore, when it is necessary to wirelessly charge the devices of more than one power receiving end 20, it is necessary to replace the devices of the power receiving end 20 with devices of another power receiving end 20 after charging of the devices of the original power receiving end 20 is completed. Therefore, it will be very inconvenient, and will spend a lot of waiting time. The reason is that the electromagnetic field of the charging platform of the known power transmission end 10 is sent upward (as indicated by the arrow in the figure), and the core plate of the power receiving end 20 placed flat absorbs the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is not sent further outwards, and if the charging platform of the power transmission end 10 is not large, it can not accommodate the devices of the plurality of flatly placed power reception ends 20, When the charging platform is large, it occupies a large space, so the possibility of commercialization is not high.

Taiwan Patent I 472 116 Patent No. 5530491 specification

  Therefore, we have developed a method that enables wireless charging to multiple power receiving end devices, and by designing multiple devices that can place multiple power receiving end devices vertically, horizontally, flatly or diagonally. There is a need to achieve the goal of simultaneously charging wirelessly to the power receiving end devices of a unit and to be able to reduce the space occupied by the charging platform.

  To achieve the above object, the main technical features of the present invention include a transmission end core and a transmission end coil, the transmission end core comprising a bottom plate and two standing plates to form a bowl shape, among which A charging space is formed in which a plurality of wireless power receivers can be arranged and mounted, each wireless power receiver including a receiver coil and a receiver core plate, and the receiver The core plate is perpendicular to the upright plate of the transmission end core, and when current flows through the transmission end coil, an electromagnetic field is generated in the charging space, and passes through each receiving end core plate through the upright plate of the transmission end core. Another object of the present invention is to provide a wireless charging device which forms an electromagnetic field circuit, and each of the receiving end coils causes the induction of the electromagnetic field to generate charging power.

  In order to achieve the above object, a further technical feature of the present invention is, firstly, a transmission end core comprising a bottom plate and two standing plates to form a bowl shape and a charge space formed therein, and at least one transmission end Placing in the charging space one or more wireless power receiving devices, each including a receiving end coil and a receiving end core plate perpendicular to the transmission end core plate; Finally, when current flows through the transmission end coil, an electromagnetic field is generated in the charging space, passes through each receiving end iron core board via the transmission end iron core standing plate, and forms an electromagnetic field circuit, It is an object of the present invention to provide a wireless charging method which causes a receiving end coil to generate charging power by induction of the electromagnetic field.

  In order to achieve the above object, a further technical feature of the present invention is that the transmission end coil is wound as at least one set of concentric spiral flat coils and disposed on the inner surface of the bottom plate and / or at least one standing plate. Another object is to provide the wireless charging device.

  In order to achieve the above object, a further technical feature of the present invention is that the plurality of wireless power reception devices are arranged in the charging space in parallel to the bottom plate, or the plurality of wireless power reception devices are A wireless charging method, wherein the plurality of wireless power receivers are arranged in the charging space vertically to the bottom plate or in the charging space instead of being parallel or perpendicular to the bottom plate To provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, a further technical feature of the present invention is that the transmission end iron core is plural, including at least one inner layer transmission end iron core and one outer layer transmission end iron core, and the inner layer transmission end iron core Are arranged in layers in the outer layer transmission end iron core, the two upright plates of the inner layer transmission end iron core are shorter than the two upright plates of the outer layer transmission end iron core, and the upper ends of the two upright plates of the outer layer transmission end iron core Is to provide the wireless charging device which is bent inward and is L-shaped.

  In order to achieve the above object, a further technical feature of the present invention comprises a bottom plate and at least one standing plate surrounding a side edge of the bottom plate, which is cylindrical with one end open, in which a charge space is formed A transmission end core on which one or more wireless power reception devices can be disposed, and a first transmission end coil surrounding the inner surface of the upright plate, each wireless power reception device being a reception end coil and a reception end Wireless, including a core plate, wherein when a current flows through the first transmission end coil, an electromagnetic field is generated in the charging space, and each receiving end coil causes the induction of the electromagnetic field to generate any charging power It is in providing a charging device.

  In order to achieve the above object, a further technical feature of the present invention is that the bottom plate is wound, and the second transmission end coil is energized to generate an electromagnetic field in the charging space, and the plurality of receiving end coils are induced by the electromagnetic field. A wireless charging device includes a second transmission end coil configured to generate charging power.

FIG. 1 is a charging schematic of a known wireless charging device. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the first embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another preferred embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic view of still another preferred embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic view of still another preferred embodiment in which the wireless charging device of FIG. 9 is inverted.

  The wireless charging device 100 of the present invention can simultaneously charge wirelessly to a plurality of wireless power reception devices 200, and the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 may be portable devices such as a smartphone and a tablet PC, or a smart watch , Or a wearable device such as a Bluetooth earphone or smart glass. Each of the plurality of wireless power receivers 200 includes a receiving end core plate 210 and a receiving end coil 220, and has a substantially thin rectangular shape. Shown in FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the wireless charging device 100 of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a perspective schematic view of FIG. The wireless charging device 100 includes a transmission end iron core 110 and a transmission end coil 120. The transmission end iron core 110 includes a bottom plate 111, and two vertical plates 112 are connected to form a bowl shape. A charging space 113 is formed between 112, and the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 can be arrayed in the charging space 113 and can be charged simultaneously. The present invention has several embodiments in which the wireless power reception apparatus 200 is arranged and mounted, which will be described later.

  The principle and method by which the wireless charging device 100 of the present invention can charge a plurality of wireless power receiving devices 200 simultaneously are shown in FIG. 2 and using the wedge-shaped transmission core 110 of the wireless charging device 100. The receiving end core plate 210 and the receiving end coil 220 are placed in the charging space 113 between the two standing plates 112, and the receiving end core plate 210 is perpendicular to the two standing plates 112. Become. Thus, when current flows through the transmission end coil 120, an electromagnetic field is generated in the charging space 113, passes through each of the reception end iron core plates 210 through the two standing plates 112, and the broken arrow in FIG. An electromagnetic field circuit may be formed in the direction of each of the receiving end coils 220 to generate charging power by induction of the electromagnetic field. Therefore, when a plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 are all arranged in the charging space 113 between the two standing plates 112, each receiving end core plate 210 independently of the transmission end core 110 and the electromagnetic field. It is possible to generate a circuit so that both can be charged at the same time, and if the wireless power receiver 200 is within the range between the two standing plates 112, no matter how far the distance to the bottom plate 111 is. Even charging can be done.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the wireless power receiver 200 is placed between two uprights 112 and is perpendicular to the bottom plate 111, but in another embodiment of the present invention the wireless power The receiving device 200 can be erected between the standing plates 112 and, of course, flatly (parallelly) placed on the bottom plate 111 or obliquely placed (not parallel or perpendicular to the bottom plate) between the two standing plates 112 Alternatively, the receiving end core plate 210 of the wireless power receiving device 200 may be perpendicular to the two standing plates 112 (not shown). In the embodiment of the present invention, the transmission end coil 120 (not shown) is wound as a set of concentric spiral flat coils, and the inside of the bottom plate 111 and / or either side of the two standing plates 112. It may be disposed on the surface. In the present invention, the number of the arrangement of the transmission end coil 120 depends on how many wireless power receivers 200 can charge wirelessly, and according to experiments, up to 50 wireless chargers 100 according to the present invention can be used. The wireless power receiver 200 can be wirelessly charged at the same time.

  According to the present invention, a plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 are placed and charged simultaneously, and the volume of the wireless charging device 100 is reduced as much as possible. See FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the first embodiment of the wireless charging device according to the present invention, and the wireless charging device 100 according to the present invention further comprises a charging base 300 made of a nonmetallic material. It has a bowl shape with two open ends, includes a bottom portion 310 and two side wall portions 320, and the charging space 113 is formed inside, and the bottom plate 111 of the transmission end iron core 110 and the two standing plates 112 They are disposed on the bottom 310 of the base 300 and the inside of the two side walls 320, respectively.

  In the present embodiment, a plurality of slide grooves 321 extending from the top to the bottom 310 are provided on the inner surfaces of the two side wall portions 320, and the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 slide their side edges. The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 is inserted into the charging space 113 along the groove 321, and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 stands upright in the charging space 113, and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 has two standings of the transmission end core 110. It is perpendicular to the plate 112. The known smartphone has a rectangular thin shape and includes long sides 211 and short sides 212. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the long side 211 is perpendicular to the bottom plate 111 of the transmission end iron core 110, and the short side 212 is the transmission end iron core 110. Parallel to the bottom plate 111, in other words, the short side 212 is directed downward and inserted into the charging base 300.

  Please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 2 together. FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the wireless charging device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of FIG. In the present embodiment, the charge base 300 is in the form of a bowl having three open ends, and the inner surface of the bottom 310 of the charge base 300 is provided with a plurality of parallel lower plates 311 and a plurality of attachment grooves 312. And one side edge of the wireless power receiver 200 enters the mounting groove 312 when the plurality of wireless power receivers 200 are put into the charging space 113, and the wireless power The receiving device 200 can be arranged to stand upright in the charging base 300, and the wireless power receiving device 200 is perpendicular to the two standing plates 112 (not shown) of the transmission end core 110. In the present embodiment, the short side 212 is perpendicular to the bottom plate 111 of the transmission end core 110, and the long side 211 is parallel to the bottom plate 111 of the transmission end core 110, in other words, the long side 211 faces downward. It is inserted into the charging base 300.

  See FIG. 6 and FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 can be a side cross-sectional schematic view of FIG. In the present embodiment, the charging base 300 is in the form of a box having one side open, and the bottom plate 111 (broken line) of the transmission end iron core 110 is provided on the opposite side of the opening. (Dashed lines) are provided on the two side walls 320, and in this embodiment, a plurality of mutually parallel partition plates 322 are provided inside the two side walls 320, and a plurality of accommodation grooves 323 are formed. There is. A wireless power receiver 200 can be placed in each accommodation groove 323, and the plurality of wireless power receivers 200 are arranged in the charging space 113 so as to be parallel to the bottom plate 111.

  See FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the charging base 300 is in the form of a box having one side open, and the bottom plate 111 of the transmission end iron core 110 is provided on the bottom 310 of the charging base 300. Also, two standing plates 112 are provided on the two side wall portions 320. In this embodiment, a plurality of parallel inclined shielding plates 324 are provided on the inner surfaces of the two side wall portions 320, and they extend obliquely downward from the opening of the side to the opposite side. A plurality of inclined slots 325 are formed, and when the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 are placed in the charging space 113, the charging space may be inclined in a manner not parallel or perpendicular to the bottom plate 111. Although arranged, the receiving end core plates 210 of the plurality of wireless power receiving devices 200 are also perpendicular to the two standing plates 112.

  See FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another preferred embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the wireless charging device 400 comprises a plurality of transmission end cores, the plurality of transmission end cores including at least one inner layer transmission end core 410 and one outer layer transmission end core 420, each inner layer transmission end core The outer layer transmission end iron core 410 and the outer layer transmission end iron core 420 both include bottom plates 411 and 421 and two standing plates 412 and 422, and the inner layer transmission end iron core 410 is disposed in the charging space 113 of the outer layer transmission end iron core 420. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, two layers of transmission end iron cores are disposed one on top of the other, and the bottom plate 411 of the inner layer transmission end iron core 410 and the two standing plates 412 are both the bottom plate 421 of the outer layer transmission end iron core 420 and the two standing plates. Parallel to 422. However, in another embodiment, the bottom plate and the two upright plates of the inner layer transmission end core may not be parallel to the bottom plate and the two upright plates of the outer layer transmission end core, and the overlapping layers of the transmission end core may be used. The number and the overlapping manner of the inner and outer layer transmission end iron cores are not limited to the embodiments exemplified in the present invention.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the two standing plates 412 of the inner layer transmission end iron core 410 are shorter than the two standing plates 422 of the outer layer transmission end iron core 420, and the upper ends of the two standing plates 422 of the outer layer transmission end iron core 420 are The two upright plates 422 of the outer layer transmission end iron core 420 can be brought close to the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 by being bent inward into an L shape. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the wireless charging device 400 includes a plurality of transmission end coils 430, each of which corresponds to the transmission end iron cores 410 and 420. The FIG. 8 embodiment of the present invention can be used in combination with the charging base of FIGS. 4-7 described above, but will not be described in further detail here.

  See FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic view of still another preferred embodiment of the wireless charging device of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the wireless charging device 500 includes a transmission end core 510 and a first transmission end coil 520, and the transmission end core 510 includes a bottom plate 511 and at least one standing plate 512 surrounding side edges of the bottom plate 511. And thereby the transmission end iron core 510 has a cylindrical shape with one end open, and the charging space 113 is formed therein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the standing plate 512 is in the form of a single rectangular cylinder, but in another embodiment (not shown), the transmission end iron core is in the form of a circular cylinder or an ellipse having one end open. It may be a cylindrical or other polygonal cylindrical shape.

  In the present embodiment, since the first transmission end coil 520 surrounds the inner surface of the standing plate 512, the charging space 113 in the standing plate 512 when current flows through the first transmission end coil 520. When an electromagnetic field is generated inside and the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 are placed in the charging space 113, each receiving end coil generates charging power by induction of the electromagnetic field. In this embodiment, since the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 can be arbitrarily placed in the charging space 113 regardless of the type, the wireless power reception device 200 is the first transmission end coil 520. The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can generate charging power by induction of an electromagnetic field, as long as it is within the charging space surrounded by and the transmission end iron core 510.

  In the present embodiment, the wireless charging device 500 further includes a second transmission end coil 530 disposed on the bottom plate 511, and the second transmission end coil 530 is wound as a set of concentric spiral planar coils. Being disposed on the inner surface of the bottom plate 511, when current flows through the second transmission end coil 530, an electromagnetic field can be generated in the charging space 113, whereby the electromagnetic field generated by the first transmission end coil 520 and Together, the energy of the electromagnetic field in the charging space 113 can be strengthened, and when the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 are put into the charging space 113, the plurality of receiving end coils likewise strengthen the energy. The charging power can be generated by the induction of the generated electromagnetic field, and the charging speed of the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 can be increased.

  See FIG. This is a schematic diagram of yet another preferred embodiment of the wireless charging device of FIG. 9 inverted. The bottom plate 511 of the transmission end core 510 is a rectangular core plate, and the inner surface of the standing plate 512 is similarly wound with the first transmission end coil 520, and the second transmission end coil 530 is the bottom plate. The bottom surface 511 of the transmission end core 510 and the standing plate 512 are both coiled so that the energy of the electromagnetic field in the charging space 113 can be reinforced.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10, the wireless charging device 500 can be disposed in a charging base (not shown), which is a non-metallic material and conforms to the shape of the transmission end core 510, The charge base may be a rectangular cylinder, a circular cylinder, an oval cylinder, or a polygonal cylinder with one end open, and the bottom plate 511 of the transmission end iron core 510 is the bottom of the charge base. The standup plate 512 of the transmission end iron core 510 is arranged on the side wall of the charge base. Similarly, a plurality of slide grooves 321 are provided in the charge space of the charge base as shown in FIG. 4, or a plurality of parallel lower plates 311 are provided as shown in FIG. As described above, a plurality of partition plates 322 or inclined shields 324 may be provided to arrange the plurality of wireless power reception devices 200 in a horizontal arrangement, a vertical arrangement, a flat arrangement or a diagonal arrangement in the charging base.

  Taken together, the wireless charging device and the charging method provided by the present invention can perform wireless charging simultaneously for a plurality of wireless power receiving devices, and can significantly reduce the space occupied by the wireless charging device. With many features and advantages that the wireless charging device has not achieved, the present invention is quite different from known designs and can increase the overall use value, and the application is based on the previous publications. The patent is filed under the law here because it is not seen, is not disclosed or used, and meets the requirements of the patent.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 wireless charging device 110 transmission end core 111 bottom plate 112 standing plate 113 charging space 200 wireless power reception device 210 receiving end iron core board 211 long side 212 short side 220 receiving end coil 300 charging base 310 bottom 311 lower plate 312 mounting groove 320 side wall 321 slide groove 322 partition plate 323 accommodation groove 324 inclined shield plate 325 slot 400 wireless charging device 410 inner layer transmission end iron core 411 bottom plate 412 standing plate 420 outer layer transmission end iron core 421 bottom plate 422 standing plate 430 transmission end coil 500 wireless charging device 510 transmission end Iron core 511 Bottom plate 512 Standing plate 520 First transmission end coil 530 Second transmission end coil

Claims (20)

A wireless charging device capable of wireless charging to a plurality of wireless power receiving devices, comprising:
At least one transmission end iron core provided with a bottom plate and two standing plates to form a bowl shape and in which a charging space in which one or more wireless power reception devices can be mounted is formed;
At least one transmission end coil,
Including
Each of the plurality of wireless power receiving devices includes a receiving end coil and a receiving end core plate, and the plurality of wireless power receiving devices are arranged in the charging space, and the two transmission power end iron cores are disposed. Perpendicular to the plate, when current flows through the transmission end coil, it generates an electromagnetic field in the charging space, passes through each of the receiving end iron core plates through the two standing plates, and forms an electromagnetic field circuit, Each of the receiving end coils generates charging power upon induction of the electromagnetic field ,
The transmission end iron core is plural and includes at least one inner layer transmission end iron core and one outer layer transmission end iron core, and the inner layer transmission end iron core is overlapped and disposed in the outer layer transmission end iron core, the inner layer transmission The two upright plates of the end core are shorter than the two upright plates of the outer layer transmission end core, and the upper ends of the two upright plates of the outer layer transmission end core are bent inward into an L shape.
Wireless charging device. The transmission end coil is wound as at least one set of concentric spiral planar coils and is disposed on the inner surface of the bottom plate and / or at least one of the standing plates,
The wireless charging device according to claim 1. A plurality of the wireless power receivers are arranged in the charging space so as to be parallel to the bottom plate;
The wireless charging device according to claim 1. A plurality of the wireless power receivers are arranged in the charging space so as to be perpendicular to the bottom plate;
The wireless charging device according to claim 1. A plurality of the wireless power receivers having a long side and a short side, and a plurality of the wireless power receivers being arranged in the charging space such that the long sides are perpendicular to the bottom plate;
The wireless charging device according to claim 4. A plurality of the wireless power receivers having a long side and a short side, and a plurality of the wireless power receivers being arranged in the charging space such that the short sides are perpendicular to the bottom plate;
The wireless charging device according to claim 4. A plurality of the wireless power receivers are arranged in the charging space in a manner not parallel or perpendicular to the bottom plate (tilted);
The wireless charging device according to claim 1. The transmission end coil is plural, and each of the transmission end coils corresponds to the transmission end iron core,
The wireless charging device according to claim 1 . The base plate of the transmission end iron core and the two standing plates are the bottom of the charge base and the charge base, and further comprising a charge base having a bottom portion and at least two side wall portions in a box shape having at least one end opened. Placed on the side wall respectively
The wireless charging device according to claim 1. In the charging base, a plurality of mutually parallel partition plates forming a plurality of receiving grooves are provided, and the wireless power receiving apparatus can be placed in each of the receiving grooves.
The wireless charging device according to claim 9 . The inner surfaces of the two side walls of the charging base are provided with a plurality of slide grooves extending from the opening toward the bottom, and the side edges of a plurality of the wireless power reception devices are provided with a plurality of the slide grooves. Can be arranged in the charging base along
The wireless charging device according to claim 9 . The inner surface of the bottom of the charge base is provided with a plurality of parallel lower plates forming a plurality of mounting grooves for receiving a plurality of the wireless power receiving devices, one side edge of the wireless power receiving devices Vertically arranged in the charging base by being put in the mounting groove,
The wireless charging device according to claim 9 . Wireless charging method,
Providing at least one transmission end core having a bottom plate and at least two standing plates to form a bowl shape and having a charging space formed therein, and at least one transmission end coil;
Arranging and mounting one or more wireless power receivers in the charging space, each wireless power receiver including a receiver coil and a receiver core plate, and the receiver A step wherein a core plate is perpendicular to the standing plate of the transmission end core;
When current flows through the transmission end coil, an electromagnetic field is generated in the charging space, passes through each of the receiving end iron core plates through the upright plate of the transmission end iron core to form an electromagnetic field circuit, and each of the receiving ends Generating a charging power by induction of the electromagnetic field by a coil;
Only including,
The transmission end iron core is plural and includes at least one inner layer transmission end iron core and one outer layer transmission end iron core, and the inner layer transmission end iron core is overlapped and disposed in the outer layer transmission end iron core, the inner layer transmission The two upright plates of the end iron core are shorter than the two upright plates of the outer layer transmission end iron core, and the upper ends of the two upright plates of the outer layer transmission end iron core are bent inward into an L shape.
Wireless charging method. The transmission end coil is wound as a set of concentric spiral planar coils and is disposed on the inner surface of the bottom plate and / or at least one of the standing plates,
The wireless charging method according to claim 13 . A plurality of the wireless power receivers are arranged in the charging space so as to be parallel to the bottom plate;
The wireless charging method according to claim 13 . A plurality of the wireless power receiving devices are arranged in the charging space so as to be perpendicular to the bottom plate;
The wireless charging method according to claim 14 . The plurality of wireless power reception devices have long sides and short sides, and the plurality of wireless power reception devices are arranged in the charging space such that the long sides are perpendicular to the bottom plate.
The wireless charging method according to claim 16 . The plurality of wireless power reception devices have long sides and short sides, and the plurality of wireless power reception devices are arranged in the charging space such that the short sides are perpendicular to the bottom plate.
The wireless charging method according to claim 16 . A plurality of the wireless power receivers are arranged in the charging space in a manner not parallel or perpendicular to the bottom plate (tilted)
The wireless charging method according to claim 13 . The transmission end coils are plural, and each of the transmission end coils corresponds to the transmission end iron core,
The wireless charging method according to claim 13 .

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