JP6526188B2 - ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 - Google Patents
ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6526188B2 JP6526188B2 JP2017519643A JP2017519643A JP6526188B2 JP 6526188 B2 JP6526188 B2 JP 6526188B2 JP 2017519643 A JP2017519643 A JP 2017519643A JP 2017519643 A JP2017519643 A JP 2017519643A JP 6526188 B2 JP6526188 B2 JP 6526188B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- resource elements
- tti
- symbols
- pilot symbols
- pilot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
- H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
- H04L5/0096—Indication of changes in allocation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201462073656P | 2014-10-31 | 2014-10-31 | |
| US62/073,656 | 2014-10-31 | ||
| US14/829,060 | 2015-08-18 | ||
| US14/829,060 US9967070B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-08-18 | Pilot reconfiguration and retransmission in wireless networks |
| PCT/US2015/054045 WO2016069208A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-10-05 | Pilot reconfiguration and retransmission in wireless networks |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019087246A Division JP6855530B2 (ja) | 2014-10-31 | 2019-05-07 | ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2017537502A JP2017537502A (ja) | 2017-12-14 |
| JP2017537502A5 JP2017537502A5 (enExample) | 2018-11-15 |
| JP6526188B2 true JP6526188B2 (ja) | 2019-06-05 |
Family
ID=55853868
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017519643A Active JP6526188B2 (ja) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-10-05 | ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 |
| JP2019087246A Active JP6855530B2 (ja) | 2014-10-31 | 2019-05-07 | ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019087246A Active JP6855530B2 (ja) | 2014-10-31 | 2019-05-07 | ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9967070B2 (enExample) |
| EP (2) | EP3213444B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP6526188B2 (enExample) |
| KR (2) | KR101962114B1 (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN111698073B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2016069208A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024223135A1 (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-10-31 | Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy | Reducing pilot symbols in uplink ofdm transmissions, and related devices, methods and computer programs |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9967070B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2018-05-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Pilot reconfiguration and retransmission in wireless networks |
| CN107534531B (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2020-11-10 | 瑞典爱立信有限公司 | 用于导频序列协调的方法和装置 |
| US10868650B2 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2020-12-15 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Pilot reconfiguration and retransmission in wireless networks |
| KR102340499B1 (ko) | 2015-09-04 | 2021-12-17 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 무선통신 시스템에서 상향링크 전송전력 제어 방법 및 장치 |
| WO2017213334A1 (ko) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 위상 잡음 추정을 위한 신호 전송 방법 |
| US20180063858A1 (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and Method for Co-existence of Low-Latency and Latency-Tolerant Communication Resources |
| US11051208B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2021-06-29 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Co-existence of low latency and latency tolerant downlink communication |
| US11071136B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2021-07-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and method for multiplexing traffic |
| US10505685B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2019-12-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Adapting to delay spread variation in wireless communication systems |
| US11252717B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2022-02-15 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Co-existence of latency tolerant and low latency communications |
| KR102227707B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-29 | 2021-03-15 | 후지쯔 가부시끼가이샤 | 기지국 장치, 단말 장치 및 송신 방법 |
| US10397052B2 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2019-08-27 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Adapting demodulation reference signal configuration in networks using massive MIMO |
| WO2019068639A1 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ASSOCIATING RESOURCE INFORMATION WITH CHANNEL MEASUREMENT INFORMATION IN WIRELESS NETWORKS |
| FI128778B (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2020-12-15 | Nokia Solutions & Networks Oy | Communication devices and procedures |
| US11337168B2 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2022-05-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Protecting shared low noise amplifiers by limiting transmission power |
| US11271690B2 (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2022-03-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Techniques for phase tracking to enable higher modulation orders in wireless communications |
| US11411779B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2022-08-09 | XCOM Labs, Inc. | Reference signal channel estimation |
| WO2022087569A1 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-28 | XCOM Labs, Inc. | Reference signal for wireless communication systems |
| WO2022093988A1 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | XCOM Labs, Inc. | Clustering and/or rate selection in multiple-input multiple-output communication systems |
| FI20206314A1 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-17 | Nokia Technologies Oy | ESTIMATION OF DELAY SPREAD AND DOPPLER SPREAD |
| JP2022175048A (ja) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | 無線通信装置、参照信号割当方法及び参照信号割当プログラム |
| WO2022241436A1 (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-17 | XCOM Labs, Inc. | Scrambling identifiers for wireless communication systems |
| JPWO2024161536A1 (enExample) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-08-08 | ||
| CN119232338A (zh) * | 2023-06-29 | 2024-12-31 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种通信方法、通信装置及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7068683B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2006-06-27 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for high rate packet data and low delay data transmissions |
| JP2004289191A (ja) * | 2001-01-19 | 2004-10-14 | Yozan Inc | Ds−cdmaシステムにおけるパスサーチ方法および受信装置 |
| KR100884402B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-20 | 2009-02-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 데이터의 영역 별 수신 우선 순위에 따라 상이한 개수의파일럿 톤을 삽입하는 디지털방송 송신기 |
| US20040132494A1 (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2004-07-08 | Olav Tirkkonen | Communication method |
| US8477809B2 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2013-07-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems and methods for generalized slot-to-interlace mapping |
| EP1542488A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-15 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Method and apparatus for allocating a pilot signal adapted to the channel characteristics |
| EP1608100A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. | Method for transmitting TDD frames with increased data payload |
| JP4884987B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-20 | 2012-02-29 | パナソニック株式会社 | 送信装置、受信装置、および無線通信方法 |
| US9461859B2 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2016-10-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Pilot signal transmission for an orthogonal frequency division wireless communication system |
| US9143305B2 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2015-09-22 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Pilot signal transmission for an orthogonal frequency division wireless communication system |
| US20070058595A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2007-03-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing round trip latency and overhead within a communication system |
| CN1905428B (zh) * | 2005-07-25 | 2010-08-18 | 上海原动力通信科技有限公司 | 一种具有低时延特性的时分双工移动通信系统的传输方法 |
| EP1911173B1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2018-09-12 | BlackBerry Limited | Pilots for frequency division multiple access communications |
| EP1901459B1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2013-10-30 | Panasonic Corporation | Wireless communication apparatus and wireless communication method |
| EP1917726B1 (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2015-10-21 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Format adaptation of a control channel for discontinuous data transmission |
| US8073063B2 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2011-12-06 | Nortel Networks Limited | Methods and systems for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple zone partitioning |
| EP1929803B1 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2014-03-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Methods and systems to mitigate inter-cell interference |
| WO2007036798A2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Nortel Networks Limited | Pilot scheme for a mimo communication system |
| EP1835680A1 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2007-09-19 | Alcatel Lucent | OFDM transmission with low latency through use of a pilot symbol at the end of the transmit subframe |
| EP2087631B1 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2015-03-18 | QUALCOMM Incorporated | Uplink ack transmission for sdma in a wireless communication system |
| WO2008105316A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | 基地局装置及び通信制御方法 |
| JP2009194853A (ja) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-27 | Kyocera Corp | 無線通信装置および無線通信方法。 |
| US8537790B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2013-09-17 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Hierarchical pilot structure in wireless communication systems |
| US8488694B2 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2013-07-16 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | System and method for pilot design |
| US8693429B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2014-04-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for generation and use of reference signals in a communications system |
| CN102075303B (zh) * | 2009-11-25 | 2014-06-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | 导频发送方法和装置 |
| US8238931B1 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2012-08-07 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Auxiliary pilot triggering based on latency |
| EP2606619B1 (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2016-06-08 | The Board of Regents of The University of Texas System | Inserting and decoding replicated data symbols in wireless communications |
| US9485075B2 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2016-11-01 | Futurewei Technologies Inc. | Method and system for transmission and reception of signals and related method of signaling |
| EP2721888B1 (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2018-12-05 | Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy | Apparatus and method for allocating the reference symbols in order to reduce the latency of the lte system |
| US9319203B2 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2016-04-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method of transmitting control information and device for same |
| US9072089B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2015-06-30 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method for transmitting control information and apparatus for same |
| CN104254995B (zh) * | 2012-01-24 | 2018-05-11 | 交互数字专利控股公司 | 用于改善的上行链路覆盖的系统和方法 |
| US10123344B2 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2018-11-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for multi-subframe scheduling |
| US10826663B2 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2020-11-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and method for determining a pilot signal |
| WO2014146277A1 (zh) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | 华为终端有限公司 | 数据传输方法、基站及用户设备 |
| EP2995050B1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-09-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Channel estimation for a subset of resource elements of a resource block |
| US9337974B2 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-05-10 | Intel IP Corporation | User equipment generation and signaling of feedback for supporting adaptive demodulation reference signal transmission |
| US9775151B2 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-09-26 | Intel IP Corporation | System and method for TDD communications |
| US9673948B2 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-06-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Hybrid pilot design for low latency communication |
| US9967070B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2018-05-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Pilot reconfiguration and retransmission in wireless networks |
| US20160143030A1 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-19 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method of transmitting frame for supporting legacy system, and method and apparatus of searching cell using the same |
| US10104683B2 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2018-10-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Parallel low latency awareness |
| RU2697267C1 (ru) * | 2015-12-18 | 2019-08-13 | Фраунхофер-Гезелльшафт Цур Фердерунг Дер Ангевандтен Форшунг Е.Ф. | Передача сигнала данных в системе беспроводной связи с уменьшенной сквозной задержкой |
| US20180063858A1 (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and Method for Co-existence of Low-Latency and Latency-Tolerant Communication Resources |
| US11071136B2 (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2021-07-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and method for multiplexing traffic |
-
2015
- 2015-08-18 US US14/829,060 patent/US9967070B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-05 KR KR1020177011918A patent/KR101962114B1/ko active Active
- 2015-10-05 JP JP2017519643A patent/JP6526188B2/ja active Active
- 2015-10-05 CN CN202010453767.5A patent/CN111698073B/zh active Active
- 2015-10-05 EP EP15784826.8A patent/EP3213444B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-05 WO PCT/US2015/054045 patent/WO2016069208A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2015-10-05 KR KR1020197008042A patent/KR102066380B1/ko active Active
- 2015-10-05 EP EP23215423.7A patent/EP4311154A3/en active Pending
- 2015-10-05 CN CN201580058871.1A patent/CN107210874B/zh active Active
-
2018
- 2018-04-06 US US15/947,489 patent/US10237037B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-05-07 JP JP2019087246A patent/JP6855530B2/ja active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024223135A1 (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-10-31 | Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy | Reducing pilot symbols in uplink ofdm transmissions, and related devices, methods and computer programs |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111698073A (zh) | 2020-09-22 |
| KR20190034345A (ko) | 2019-04-01 |
| KR102066380B1 (ko) | 2020-01-14 |
| EP4311154A3 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
| KR20170078665A (ko) | 2017-07-07 |
| US9967070B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
| CN107210874B (zh) | 2020-06-16 |
| US10237037B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
| CN111698073B (zh) | 2022-12-02 |
| EP3213444A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
| CN107210874A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| WO2016069208A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
| JP6855530B2 (ja) | 2021-04-07 |
| EP3213444B1 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
| JP2017537502A (ja) | 2017-12-14 |
| EP4311154A2 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
| US20180234222A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
| KR101962114B1 (ko) | 2019-03-26 |
| US20160127094A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
| JP2019134490A (ja) | 2019-08-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6526188B2 (ja) | ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 | |
| JP6679623B2 (ja) | ワイヤレスネットワーク内のパイロット再構成および再送信 | |
| JP6342580B2 (ja) | 超低レイテンシlteアップリンクフレーム構造 | |
| US9107191B2 (en) | System and method for managing simultaneous uplink signal transmissions in carrier aggregation systems | |
| JP5795380B2 (ja) | 動的アップリンク電力制御 | |
| JP2019062563A (ja) | 超低レイテンシlteアップリンクフレーム構造 | |
| CN110786051B (zh) | 传输物理上行控制信道pucch的方法、终端设备和网络设备 | |
| CN109076372B (zh) | 终端装置、基站装置、通信方法以及集成电路 | |
| WO2009140082A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for allocating downlink power in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication system | |
| AU2018208681A1 (en) | Channel estimation enhancements | |
| US9877336B2 (en) | Methods and systems for link adaptation | |
| WO2012006608A2 (en) | Ttl operations for small rb assignments | |
| KR101922040B1 (ko) | 데이터 전송 방법 및 장치 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180614 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20180614 |
|
| A871 | Explanation of circumstances concerning accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A871 Effective date: 20180614 |
|
| A975 | Report on accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971005 Effective date: 20180618 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180709 |
|
| A524 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 19 pct |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A524 Effective date: 20181005 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20181217 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190313 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20190401 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20190507 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6526188 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |