JP6470163B2 - Rebound effect calculation device and rebound effect calculation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rebound effect calculation device and a rebound effect calculation method.

  In recent years, the progress of the ICT society has brought about great changes in the lives of industry and people. In terms of the environment, there is a possibility that the environmental burden will be greatly reduced by dematerialization and transfer substitution. The environmental impact reduction effect by utilizing ICT products and services is Based on 1410, it is almost always calculated by quantitative comparison with the environmental load (CO2 emission amount) of the conventional means (Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2).

"JT-L1410 Environmental Impact Assessment Method for ICT Products / Networks / Services", Information and Communication Technology Committee “Outline of ICT Environmental Impact Assessment Methods”, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Takayo Kaneko et al., “Possibility of Telework as a Reducing Environmental Impact”, Journal of Japan Telework Society Vol.9 No2, pp56-65,2011 Kotaro Kawajiri et al., “Environmental impact assessment of rebound effect associated with consumer saving behavior based on questionnaire survey”, Abstracts of Lecture Meeting of LCA Society of Japan 2011 TEPCO HP, [online], Internet <URL: http://www.tepco.co.jp/corporateinfo/illustrated/power-demand/residential-customer-j.html> Panasonic HP, [online], Internet <URL: http://www2.panasonic.biz/es/densetsu/aiseg/effect.html> TEPCO HP, [online], Internet <URL: http://www.tepco.cc.jp/e-rates/individual/data/chargelist/chargelist01-e.html#sec02>

  However, it is also conceivable that new actions occur due to the use of time, money, etc. generated by the efficiency of the ICT service, and a new environmental load is generated there (hereinafter referred to as “rebound effect”). For example, since the introduction of telework saves the original commuting time, it can be considered that a new action is taken at that time and a new environmental load is generated. However, the existing evaluation method does not fully consider the rebound effect defined above. For example, in Non-Patent Document 3, an environmental load evaluation method including an environmental load caused by an action in leisure time increased by telework has been proposed. However, this is an evaluation method for individual services. Since it takes a lot of time and cost to develop an evaluation method individually for many ICT services, a more general-purpose method is required.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to evaluate the rebound effect of various ICT services by a simpler and versatile method.

  Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the rebound effect calculation device is an environmental load generated based on the surplus time based on the surplus time generated by using the ICT service and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit time. Based on the time term effect calculation unit for calculating the rebound effect in the time term, the surplus cost caused by the use of the ICT service and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost, the environmental load caused based on the surplus cost A cost term effect calculation unit for calculating a rebound effect in a cost term, a surplus resource amount and surplus energy amount generated by using the ICT service, a surplus resource relating to the surplus resource amount, and a surplus energy relating to the surplus energy amount Based on the unit price of CO2 and the basic unit of CO2 emissions per unit cost, A resource / energy term effect calculation unit for calculating a rebound effect in the resource / energy term, which is an environmental load based on surplus resources and surplus energy, a rebound effect in the time term, a rebound effect in the cost term, and a resource A total rebound effect calculation unit that calculates the total rebound effect by summing up the rebound effects in the energy terms.

  The rebound effect by various ICT services can be evaluated by a simpler and versatile method.

It is a figure which shows the hardware structural example of the rebound effect calculation apparatus in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function structural example of the rebound effect calculation apparatus in embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating an example of the process sequence which a rebound effect calculation apparatus performs.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a new action occurs due to the use of time and money generated by the efficiency of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) service, and a new environmental load (hereinafter referred to as “rebound effect”) occurs. ) Will be described. The ICT service refers to all services provided using information communication technology.

  The concept of this embodiment regarding the evaluation method will be described.

From the viewpoint of the environment, the use of the ICT service can be considered to have an environmental load reduction effect in the following four points (1) to (4).
(1) Reduction of resources by dematerialization (2) Reduction of time and movement cost by mobile substitution (3) Reduction of time and work cost by efficient operation (4) Reduction of energy by efficient energy management In the present embodiment, in order to evaluate the rebound effect of a certain ICT service, in each of the surplus items of time, cost, resources / energy surplus compared to the conventional means by introducing the ICT service, The rebound effect is calculated, and then the total rebound effect is calculated by summing up the rebound effects of all surplus items. In addition, it is considered that the newly generated behavior varies greatly depending on whether the surplus items related to each surplus item are owned by an individual or by an organization such as a company or government. The surplus owned by the organization is assessed separately.

  Specifically, the rebound effect of a certain ICT service is evaluated based on the following equations 1 to 4.

式１は、総リバウンド効果が、時間項、コスト項、資源・エネルギー項のそれぞれの項目におけるリバウンド効果の合計によって算出されることを示す。

Formula 1 shows that the total rebound effect is calculated by the sum of the rebound effects in each item of the time term, the cost term, and the resource / energy term.

  Equation 2 shows that the rebound effect in the time term, which is the environmental load generated based on the surplus time, is obtained by the product of the surplus time and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit time.

  Equation 3 shows that the rebound effect in the cost term, which is the environmental load generated based on the surplus cost, is obtained by the product of the surplus cost and the basic unit of the CO2 emission amount per unit cost.

  Since the rebound effect in the terms of resources and energy, which is the environmental load generated based on surplus resources and surplus energy, is unlikely to be used directly by using surplus resources or surplus energy, Equation 4 By multiplying the surplus resource amount or surplus energy amount by the unit price of each resource or each energy, it is converted into surplus cost, and further, the rebound is obtained by multiplying the converted surplus cost by the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost. Indicates that an effect is required.

  In the present embodiment, the cost means an expense, and the amount is evaluated by the amount. For example, the movement cost refers to the cost necessary for movement, and the work cost refers to the cost necessary for the work.

  Hereinafter, the rebound effect calculation apparatus 10 that calculates the rebound effect by the above evaluation method will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a rebound effect calculation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rebound effect calculation device 10 in FIG. 1 includes a drive device 100, an auxiliary storage device 102, a memory device 103, a CPU 104, an interface device 105, and the like that are connected to each other via a bus B.

  A program that realizes processing in the rebound effect calculation apparatus 10 is provided by a recording medium 101 such as a CD-ROM. When the recording medium 101 storing the program is set in the drive device 100, the program is installed from the recording medium 101 to the auxiliary storage device 102 via the drive device 100. However, the program need not be installed from the recording medium 101 and may be downloaded from another computer via a network. The auxiliary storage device 102 stores the installed program and also stores necessary files and data.

  The memory device 103 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 102 and stores it when there is an instruction to start the program. The CPU 104 executes a function related to the rebound effect calculation device 10 according to a program stored in the memory device 103. The interface device 105 is used as an interface for connecting to a network.

  Note that the rebound effect calculation apparatus 10 may be configured by a plurality of computers each having the hardware configuration illustrated in FIG. 1.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the rebound effect calculation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. 2, the rebound effect calculation apparatus 10 includes a time term effect calculation unit 11, a cost term effect calculation unit 12, a resource / energy term effect calculation unit 13, a total rebound effect calculation unit 14, an output unit 15, and the like. Each of these units is realized by processing that one or more programs installed in the rebound effect calculation apparatus 10 cause the CPU 104 to execute. The rebound effect calculation apparatus 10 also includes a surplus time DB 21, a unit time CO2 emission basic unit DB22, a surplus cost DB23, a unit cost CO2 emission basic unit DB24, a surplus resource amount DB25, a surplus energy amount DB26, a price DB27, and the like. Use a database. Each of these databases can be realized by using a storage unit such as a storage device that can be connected to the auxiliary storage device 102 or the rebound effect calculation device 10 via a network.

  The time term effect calculation unit 11 rebound effect in the time term related to the individual or organization based on the surplus time generated by using the ICT service to be evaluated and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit time of the individual or organization. Calculate The surplus time generated by using the ICT service is stored in the surplus time DB 21. Specifically, the surplus time DB 21 stores, for each type of ICT service, the surplus time owned by the individual (that is, the amount of time reduction) and the surplus time owned by the organization. Each of the CO2 emission basic unit per unit time of the individual and the CO2 emission basic unit per unit time of the organization is stored in the unit time CO2 emission basic unit DB 22.

  The cost term effect calculation unit 12 calculates the rebound effect in the cost term relating to the individual or organization based on the surplus cost caused by using the ICT service to be evaluated and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost of the individual or organization. Calculate The surplus cost generated by using the ICT service is stored in the surplus cost DB 23. Specifically, the surplus cost DB 23 stores, for each type of ICT service, the surplus cost owned by the individual (that is, the amount of cost reduction) and the surplus cost owned by the organization. Each of the CO2 emission basic unit per unit cost of the individual and the CO2 emission basic unit per unit cost of the organization is stored in the unit cost CO2 emission basic unit DB 24.

  The resource / energy term effect calculation unit 13 calculates the surplus resource amount and surplus energy amount of the individual or organization generated by using the ICT service to be evaluated, the resource related to the surplus resource amount, and the unit price of energy related to the surplus energy, and Based on the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost of an individual or organization, the rebound effect in the resource / energy term is calculated. The surplus resource amount is stored in the surplus resource amount DB 25, and the surplus energy amount is stored in the surplus energy amount DB 26. Specifically, the surplus resource amount DB 25 stores, for each type of ICT service, the surplus resource amount owned by the individual (that is, the resource reduction amount) and the surplus resource amount possessed by the organization. The surplus energy amount DB 26 stores, for each type of ICT service, the surplus energy amount possessed by the individual (that is, the energy reduction amount) and the surplus energy amount possessed by the organization. The price DB 27 stores the unit price for each resource type and each energy type.

  The total rebound effect calculation unit 14 calculates the total rebound effect by summing up the rebound effect in the time term, the rebound effect in the cost term, and the rebound effect in the resource / energy term.

  The output unit 15 outputs the total rebound effect calculated by the total rebound effect calculation unit 14.

  The surplus time, surplus cost, surplus resource amount, or surplus energy amount stored for each type of ICT service in the surplus time DB 21, surplus cost DB 23, surplus resource amount DB 25, or surplus energy amount DB 26 is, for example, disclosed. It may be an average value based on a survey report material or a questionnaire survey, or may be a value obtained by other methods.

  Hereinafter, the process procedure which the rebound effect calculation apparatus 10 performs is demonstrated. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a processing procedure executed by the rebound effect calculation apparatus. Information indicating the type of ICT service to be evaluated (hereinafter referred to as “target service”) and the owner of the surplus (time, cost, resource, or energy) generated by the target service (hereinafter referred to as “target owner”) The information (individual or organization) indicating the category of “is designated in advance as an input parameter for the processing procedure of FIG.

  In step S101, the time term effect calculation unit 11 stores the surplus time stored in the surplus time DB 21 for the target service and the target owner, and the unit time stored in the unit time CO2 emission basic unit DB 22 for the target owner. The unit of CO2 emission per unit is applied to Equation 2, and the rebound effect in the time term is calculated. That is, the product of the surplus time and the basic unit is calculated.

  Subsequently, the cost term effect calculation unit 12 calculates the surplus cost stored in the surplus cost DB 23 for the target service and the target owner, and the unit cost stored in the unit cost CO2 emission basic unit DB 24 for the target owner. The CO2 emission basic unit is applied to Equation 3 to calculate the rebound effect in the cost term (step S102). That is, the product of the surplus cost and the basic unit is calculated.

  Subsequently, the resource / energy term effect calculation unit 13 calculates the surplus resource amount stored in the surplus resource amount DB 25 for the target service and the target owner, and the surplus energy amount stored in the surplus energy amount DB 26 for the target service and the target owner. The unit price stored in the price DB 27 for the energy amount and the resource related to the surplus resource amount, the unit price stored in the price DB 27 for the energy related to the surplus energy amount, and the unit cost CO2 emission basic unit for the target owner The unit of CO2 emission per unit cost stored in the DB 24 is applied to Equation 4 to calculate the rebound effect in the resource / energy term (step S103). That is, for each surplus resource amount and surplus energy amount related to the target service and target owner, each unit price is multiplied and converted into a cost, and the converted costs are totaled.

  Subsequently, the total rebound effect calculation unit 14 calculates the total rebound effect by summing up the rebound effects in the surplus items of the time term, the cost term, and the resource / energy term (step S104).

  Subsequently, the output unit 15 outputs the calculated total rebound effect (step S105). For example, the total rebound effect may be displayed on the display device or printed by a printer.

  Then, the example which applied this Embodiment to the specific example is demonstrated. As a specific example 1, an evaluation example of the rebound effect due to the use of personal online shopping will be described.

  If the travel time surplus by using online shopping is 2 hours and the value of 0.43 kg-CO2 per hour (Non-patent Document 3) is used as the CO2 emission amount per unit time of an individual, The rebound effect in terms of time by using online shopping is as follows.

Rebound effect in terms of time (per use) = 2 hours x 0.43 kg-CO2 / hour = 0.86 kg-CO2
In addition, it is assumed that travel by train is reduced by using online shopping, surplus travel cost (train fare) is 500 yen, and CO2 emission per individual unit cost is 2.4 kg per 1,000 yen When the value of -CO2 (Non-Patent Document 4) is used, the rebound effect in the cost term due to the use of online shopping once is as follows.

Rebound effect in cost terms (per use) = 0.5 thousand yen x 2.4 kg-CO2 / 1000 yen = 1.2 kg-CO2
On the other hand, the rebound effect in terms of resources and energy is zero. This is because even if it is no longer necessary to travel by personal train through online shopping, the train operation does not stop, and it is considered that there is no surplus resource amount or surplus energy amount.

  From the above, the total rebound effect for the specific example 1 is calculated as follows.

Total rebound effect = 0.86kg−CO2 + 1.2kg−CO2 = 2.06kg−CO2 / online shopping use Next, as specific example 2, an evaluation example of the rebound effect due to the use of a personal HEMS (Home Energy Management System) Will be explained.

  Since the efficiency of time by using HEMS is hardly considered, the rebound effect in the time term is zero.

  Moreover, even if HEMS is used, there is almost no possibility of reducing the travel time of HEMS users or improving the efficiency of the work of HTMS users. Therefore, the rebound effect in the cost term is zero.

  On the other hand, generation of surplus electric energy can be considered by using HEMS. Therefore, the surplus power amount due to the use of HEMS is 335 kWh / year, and the unit price per unit power consumption is 19.43 yen per 1 kWh (Non-Patent Document 7), and CO 2 per unit cost of the individual. When the value of 2.4 kg-CO2 per 1,000 yen (Non-Patent Document 4) is used as the emission amount, the rebound effect in terms of resources and energy is as follows.

Rebound effect in terms of resources and energy (per household / year) = 335 kWh x 19.43 yen / 1000 x 2.4 kg-CO2 / 1000 yen = 15.6 kg-CO2
From the above, the total rebound effect for the specific example 2 is calculated as follows.

Total rebound effect = 15.6 kg-CO2 / household / year Note that the value of surplus power by using HEMS is 335 kWh / year based on the following calculation results based on Non-Patent Document 5 and Non-Patent Document 6. To do.

Energy savings due to use of HEMS = electric power consumption per household 254 kWh / month average (Non-patent document 5) × 12 months × 11% power saving rate by HEMS (Non-patent document 6) = 35 kWh / year In the second specific example, the rebound effect is calculated assuming that each surplus item is owned by an individual. When evaluating the rebound effect in an organization such as a company or a government, the CO2 emission basic unit for each item in the target organization may be calculated as the CO2 emission basic unit for each item.

  In addition, in the above, an example in which the owner of surplus is classified as an individual or an organization, but for an individual, for each specific person or for each group based on an individual attribute (age, occupation, etc.) Regarding the organization, the rebound effect corresponding to each specific organization or each group based on the organization attributes (activity content (industry), number of members (number of employees), etc.) may be evaluated. In this case, the surplus time DB 21, the unit time CO 2 emission basic unit DB 22, the surplus cost DB 23, the unit cost CO 2 emission basic unit DB 24, the surplus resource amount DB 25, and the surplus energy amount DB 26 include a specific person or person. Each data may be stored for each group, or for each specific organization or organization group. By doing so, the total rebound effect may be calculated for each specific person or group of persons, or for each specific organization or group of organizations.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the rebound effect by various ICT services can be evaluated by a simpler and versatile method.

  As a result, for example, since the CO2 reduction effect by the ICT service can be easily evaluated in consideration of the rebound effect, the ICT service can be appropriately compared and examined from the viewpoint of environmental load.

  In the present embodiment, the surplus time DB 21 is an example of a surplus time storage unit. The surplus cost DB 23 is an example of a surplus cost storage unit. The surplus resource amount DB 25 is an example of a surplus resource amount storage unit. The surplus energy amount DB 26 is an example of a surplus energy amount storage unit.

  As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was explained in full detail, this invention is not limited to such specific embodiment, In the range of the summary of this invention described in the claim, various deformation | transformation・ Change is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Rebound effect calculation apparatus 11 Time term effect calculation part 12 Cost term effect calculation part 13 Resource / energy term effect calculation part 14 Total rebound effect calculation part 15 Output part 21 Surplus time DB
22 Unit time CO2 emission basic unit DB
23 Surplus cost DB
24 Unit cost CO2 emission basic unit DB
25 Surplus Resource DB
26 Excess energy DB
27 Price DB
100 drive device 101 recording medium 102 auxiliary storage device 103 memory device 104 CPU
105 Interface device B bus

Claims (6)

A time term effect calculation unit for calculating a rebound effect in a time term, which is an environmental load based on the surplus time, based on the surplus time caused by the use of the ICT service and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit time; ,
A cost term effect calculation unit for calculating a rebound effect in a cost term, which is an environmental load generated based on the surplus cost, based on the surplus cost generated by using the ICT service and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost. When,
The surplus resource amount and surplus energy amount generated by the use of the ICT service, the surplus resource related to the surplus resource amount, the unit price of surplus energy related to the surplus energy amount, and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost A resource / energy term effect calculation unit that calculates a rebound effect in the resource / energy term, which is an environmental load based on the surplus resource and surplus energy,
A total rebound effect calculation unit that calculates the total rebound effect by summing up the rebound effect in the time term, the rebound effect in the cost term, and the rebound effect in the resource / energy term;
A rebound effect calculation device comprising: The time term effect calculation unit calculates a rebound effect in the time term based on a surplus time related to a specified ICT service among surplus times stored in a surplus time storage unit for each type of ICT service,
The cost term effect calculation unit calculates a rebound effect in the cost term based on a surplus cost related to the designated ICT service among surplus costs stored in a surplus cost storage unit for each type of ICT service. ,
The resource / energy term effect calculator calculates the surplus resource amount stored in the surplus resource amount storage unit for each type of ICT service and the surplus resource amount for the specified ICT service and for each type of ICT service. Calculating the rebound effect in the resource / energy term based on the surplus energy amount stored in the surplus energy amount storage unit based on the surplus energy amount related to the specified ICT service;
The rebound effect calculation apparatus according to claim 1. The time term effect calculation unit calculates a rebound effect in the time term based on a surplus time related to a designated owner among surplus times stored in the surplus time storage unit for each owner of the surplus time. Calculate
The cost term effect calculator calculates a rebound effect in the cost term based on a surplus cost related to the designated owner among surplus costs stored in the surplus cost storage unit for each owner of the surplus cost. Calculate
The resource / energy term effect calculation unit includes, for each owner of the surplus resource, out of the surplus resource amount stored in the surplus resource amount storage unit, the surplus resource amount related to the designated owner, and the surplus energy. Calculating the rebound effect in the resource / energy term based on the surplus energy amount stored in the surplus energy amount storage unit for each owner of the surplus energy amount for the designated owner,
The rebound effect calculation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: A time term effect calculation procedure for calculating a rebound effect in a time term, which is an environmental load based on the surplus time, based on the surplus time caused by the use of the ICT service and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit time; ,
A cost term effect calculation procedure for calculating a rebound effect in a cost term, which is an environmental load generated based on the surplus cost, based on the surplus cost generated by the use of the ICT service and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost. When,
The surplus resource amount and surplus energy amount generated by the use of the ICT service, the surplus resource related to the surplus resource amount, the unit price of surplus energy related to the surplus energy amount, and the basic unit of CO2 emission per unit cost A resource / energy term effect calculation procedure for calculating a rebound effect in the resource / energy term, which is an environmental load based on the surplus resource and surplus energy,
A total rebound effect calculation procedure for calculating a total rebound effect by summing up the rebound effect in the time term, the rebound effect in the cost term, and the rebound effect in the resource / energy term;
A rebound effect calculation method characterized in that a computer executes. The time term effect calculation procedure calculates a rebound effect in the time term based on a surplus time related to a specified ICT service among surplus times stored in a surplus time storage unit for each type of ICT service,
The cost term effect calculation procedure calculates a rebound effect in the cost term based on a surplus cost related to the designated ICT service among surplus costs stored in a surplus cost storage unit for each type of ICT service. ,
The resource / energy term effect calculation procedure is performed for each surplus resource amount stored in the surplus resource amount storage unit for each type of ICT service and for each surplus resource amount related to the specified ICT service and for each type of ICT service. Calculating the rebound effect in the resource / energy term based on the surplus energy amount stored in the surplus energy amount storage unit based on the surplus energy amount related to the specified ICT service;
The rebound effect calculation method according to claim 4. The time term effect calculation procedure calculates a rebound effect in the time term based on a surplus time related to a designated owner among surplus times stored in the surplus time storage unit for each owner of the surplus time. Calculate
The cost term effect calculation procedure is based on a surplus cost related to the designated owner among the surplus costs stored in the surplus cost storage unit for each owner of the surplus cost. Calculate
The resource / energy term effect calculation procedure includes, for each owner of the surplus resource, out of the surplus resource amount stored in the surplus resource amount storage unit, the surplus resource amount relating to the designated owner, and the surplus energy. Calculating the rebound effect in the resource / energy term based on the surplus energy amount stored in the surplus energy amount storage unit for each owner of the surplus energy amount for the designated owner,
The rebound effect calculation method according to claim 5.

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