JP6455188B2 - Processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus for performing super finishing on a rotating workpiece (for example, a tapered roller).

  Conventionally, in order to perform super finishing on a workpiece, the grindstone is vibrated while contacting the grindstone with the surface to be machined of the rotating workpiece. For example, when a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing is used as a workpiece, superfinishing is performed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. In this case, the grindstone is vibrated along a direction parallel to the generatrix of the outer peripheral surface while contacting the grindstone with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating tapered roller.

  As a processing apparatus for performing such superfinishing, there is one shown in FIG. This processing apparatus is equipped with a base material 95, a motor 92, an eccentric cam 93 rotated by the motor 92, a grindstone base 98 for holding the grindstone 91, and a grindstone base 98 as mechanisms for vibrating the grindstone 91. A body 94 is provided. The movable body 94 is supported by the base material 95 so as to be reciprocally movable, and the grindstone 91 is vibrated by converting the rotational movement of the eccentric cam 93 into the reciprocating movement of the movable body 94. There exists a thing of patent document 1 as a processing apparatus provided with the structure which vibrates the grindstone 91 using such an eccentric cam 93. FIG.

  Further, the processing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 includes a pair of rollers 97 as a mechanism for rotating the tapered rollers 90. The pair of rollers 97 has a configuration in which a tapered roller 90 is placed and supported, and is rotated by a motor 96.

  According to the processing apparatus as described above, the tapered roller 90 can be rotated by the pair of rollers 97, and the grindstone 91 is pressed against the rotating tapered roller 90, and the grindstone 91 is further vibrated. The superfinishing process can be performed on the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 90.

JP 2004-209631 A

  The tapered roller 90 that has finished the superfinishing process is unloaded from the processing apparatus, and in the next inspection process, it is necessary to perform an appearance inspection such as the presence or absence of scratches on the outer peripheral surface by an appearance inspection machine. In this appearance inspection, a scratch generated on the outer peripheral surface of the tapered roller 90 is detected during superfinishing.

  In order to improve the productivity of a work such as a tapered roller, it is only necessary to omit the appearance inspection or reduce the work load due to the appearance inspection. Therefore, in the present invention, the work load due to the appearance inspection is omitted or omitted. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new technical means that makes it possible to reduce the risk.

  In the technique of performing superfinishing by bringing a grindstone into contact with a rotating workpiece, the inventor of the present invention paid attention to slipping of the rotating workpiece as one of the causes of damage on the workpiece surface. That is, if a slip occurs between the workpiece and the roller for some reason from a state in which the workpiece rotates at a constant circumferential speed along the roller rotating at a constant rotation speed, the slip causes the workpiece to move. Focusing on the fact that scratches may occur on the surface to be processed, the present invention has been obtained by such an idea.

  That is, the processing apparatus of the present invention includes a rotation mechanism that rotates a workpiece around the center line of the workpiece, a grindstone that contacts the workpiece surface of the workpiece, an actuator that presses the grindstone against the workpiece surface, and the A vibration mechanism that vibrates a grindstone along the processing target surface, and the rotation mechanism includes a pair of rollers on which the workpiece is placed, a motor that rotates the pair of rollers, and a possibility of scratches on the processing target surface. Detecting means for detecting a measured value of electricity flowing through the motor.

  According to the present invention, the work on the pair of rollers is rotated by rotating the pair of rollers by the motor, and the grindstone is pressed against the processing target surface of the work by the actuator. By vibrating this grindstone, it is possible to perform superfinishing on the workpiece surface to be machined. During this processing, the detection means detects the possibility of scratches on the workpiece based on the measured value of electricity flowing through the motor. That is, when the grindstone is pressed against the surface to be processed of the workpiece by the actuator, a torque (torque load resistance) corresponding to the pressing force of the grindstone is generated on the roller that is rotating with the workpiece. When the workpiece is rotating at a constant peripheral speed, this torque is constant, and the measured value of electricity flowing through the motor that rotates the roller is steady, but the torque fluctuates when the workpiece slips against the roller. This variation causes a change in the measured value of electricity flowing through the motor. Therefore, according to the detection means, it is possible to detect the possibility of scratches on the workpiece based on the change in the measured value. In this way, since the possibility of the occurrence of scratches on the workpiece can be detected during processing, it is possible to reduce the work load by omitting the appearance inspection after processing or partially omitting the appearance inspection. It becomes possible.

The rotation mechanism includes, as the motor, a first motor that rotates one first roller of the pair of rollers, and a second motor that rotates the other second roller, and the detection unit. It is preferable to detect a difference between a measured value of electricity flowing through the first motor and a measured value of electricity flowing through the second motor in order to detect the possibility of occurrence of scratches on the workpiece.
In this case, if the workpiece slips, it affects the torque (torque load resistance) of both the first roller and the second roller. Therefore, the measured value of electricity flowing through the first motor and the measured value of electricity flowing through the second motor Both change. Therefore, by detecting the possibility of scratches on the workpiece based on the difference between these measured values, the detection accuracy can be increased. That is, for example, when it is based on a change in measured value of electricity flowing through each motor instead of the difference, there is a possibility that the occurrence of scratches may be erroneously detected even if the change is due to noise. By monitoring changes in both the measured value of electricity flowing through and the measured value of electricity flowing through the second motor, erroneous detection can be suppressed.

The first measured value of electricity flowing through the first motor is larger than the second measured value of electricity flowing through the second motor, and the difference between the first measured value and the second measured value is a predetermined value. When the difference becomes smaller than a threshold value from the state, it is preferable that the detection unit detects the possibility of scratches on the workpiece.
This is because when the work is pressed against a pair of rollers, the torque (torque load resistance) in the first roller is large and the torque (torque load resistance) in the second roller is large when the work is rotated by these rollers. Take advantage of small things. In other words, when the workpiece slips in the middle of performing the superfinishing process by rotating the workpiece in this way, the torque at the first roller (which has a large torque) changes so as to decrease, whereas (torque The torque at the second roller changes so as to increase, and the difference between the torque at the first roller and the torque at the second roller decreases. Therefore, when the difference becomes smaller than the threshold value, the detection unit can detect the possibility of scratches on the workpiece.

  The motor is preferably a servo motor. In this case, it is possible to easily grasp the torque fluctuation of the roller due to the slip of the workpiece based on the measured value of electricity flowing through the servo motor.

  According to the present invention, since the possibility of occurrence of scratches on the workpiece can be detected during processing, the work load is reduced by omitting the appearance inspection after processing or partially omitting the appearance inspection. It becomes possible.

It is a perspective view which shows a part of one Embodiment of the processing apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing at the time of seeing a grindstone, a tapered roller, and a pair of roller along the centerline direction of a roller. It is a graph which shows the time change of the electric current value which flows through a 1st and 2nd motor. It is a flowchart explaining operation | movement of a detection means. It is a perspective view which shows a part of conventional processing apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a part of an embodiment of a processing apparatus of the present invention. This processing device 10 is a device for superfinishing a workpiece, and in this embodiment, a case will be described in which the workpiece is a tapered roller 7 used as a rolling element of a tapered roller bearing.

  The processing device 10 vibrates the outer peripheral surface 8 while pressing the grindstone 11 against the outer peripheral surface 8 along the cone of the rotating tapered roller 7 to superfinish the outer peripheral surface 8. The direction in which the grindstone 11 is vibrated is a direction parallel to the generatrix at the contact portion of the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 with the grindstone 11. In the present embodiment, the grindstone 11 brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 is configured to be shorter than the length of the outer peripheral surface 8 in the direction of the generatrix.

  The processing apparatus 10 includes a rotating mechanism 30 that rotates the tapered roller 7, a grindstone 11, an actuator 15 that presses the grindstone 11 against the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7, and a vibration mechanism that vibrates the grindstone 11 along the outer peripheral surface 8. 17 is provided.

The vibration mechanism 17 includes a frame 39, a motor 20, a first eccentric cam 21 that is rotated by the motor 20, and a first movable member 13. The motor 20 of this embodiment is a servo motor.
The grindstone 11 is held on the grindstone base 12, and the grindstone base 12 is attached to the actuator 15. Since the actuator 15 is attached to the first movable member 13, the grindstone 11 and the grindstone base 12 are mounted on the first movable member 13. The actuator 15 has a function of generating a thrust for pressing the grindstone 11 against the tapered roller 7. The actuator 15 is composed of, for example, an electric cylinder.

  The first movable member 13 is supported by the guide portion 14 in the frame 39 so as to be capable of reciprocating linear movement, and the rotational movement of the first eccentric cam 21 is converted into the reciprocating linear movement of the first movable member 13. Yes. When the first movable member 13 reciprocates linearly in the directions of the arrows X1 and X2, the grindstone 11 mounted on the first movable member 13 can be vibrated. The direction in which the guide portion 14 supports the first movable member 13 so as to be movable is the vibration direction of the grindstone 11.

  The processing apparatus 10 further includes a second eccentric cam 22 that is rotated by the motor 20, a counterweight 23, and a second movable member 24 to which the counterweight 23 is attached. The second movable member 24 is supported by the guide portion 14 on the frame 39 so as to be capable of reciprocating linear movement, and the rotational motion of the second eccentric cam 22 is converted into the reciprocating linear motion of the second movable member 24. Yes. Thus, when the second movable member 24 reciprocates linearly in the directions of the arrows x1 and x2, the counterweight 23 moves reciprocally linearly together with the second movable member 24.

  The first eccentric cam 21 and the second eccentric cam 22 have a rotational phase of 180 degrees, and the second eccentric cam 22 counterweights for the purpose of canceling the vibration of the first movable member 13 on which the grindstone 11 and the like are mounted. 23 is configured to reciprocate linearly.

The rotation mechanism 30 includes a pair of rollers 28 and 29 and a pair of motors 26 and 27. The output shaft 26a of the first motor 26 and the shaft 28a of the first roller 28 are connected by a power transmission member 25a such as a belt, and the output shaft 27a of the second motor 27 and the shaft 29a of the second roller 29 are connected. Are connected by a power transmission member 25b such as a belt. The connection between the output shaft 26a and the shaft 28a and the connection between the output shaft 27a and the shaft 29a may be in the form of meshing gears provided on the respective shafts.
The first roller 28 and the second roller 29 have the same shape. In this embodiment, the rollers 28 and 29 both have a truncated cone shape, and the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 and the rollers 28 and 29 respectively. The shapes of the rollers 28 and 29 are set so as to be in line contact with the outer peripheral surface of the roller.

The tapered roller 7 is located between the rollers 28 and 29 and is placed on the rollers 28 and 29, and the rollers 28 and 29 are rotated by driving of the motors 26 and 27. Can be rotated around the center of the tapered roller 7 and the tapered roller 7 can be supported.
In the superfinishing process, the grindstone 11 is pressed against the tapered rollers 7 rotating on the rollers 28 and 29 by the actuator 15. The rotational speeds of the rollers 28 and 29 are constant. The motors 26 and 27 in this embodiment are servo motors.

  As described above, the processing apparatus 10 is configured to press the rotating mechanism 30 that rotates the tapered roller 7, the grindstone 11 that is in contact with the outer peripheral surface (processing target surface) 8 of the tapered roller 7, and the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7. Actuator 15 and a vibration mechanism 17 that vibrates the grindstone 11 along the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7, and the vibration mechanism 17 moves along the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 that is rotated by the rotation mechanism 30. The structure which can vibrate the grindstone 11 in the direction parallel to the generatrix of this outer peripheral surface 8 is obtained.

  In the processing apparatus 10 of this embodiment, the motor 20 is a power source that vibrates the grindstone 11, and the motors 26 and 27 are power sources that rotate the tapered rollers 7 (rollers 28 and 29). The rotation mechanism 30 includes a first control unit 18 that controls the motors 26 and 27, and the vibration mechanism 17 includes a second control unit (not shown) that controls the motor 20. Is included. In the present embodiment, the first control unit 18 also serves as the second control unit.

  The control unit 18 is composed of a programmable logic device or the like, and in order to detect the possibility of scratches on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7, the control unit 18 measures measured values of electricity flowing through the motors 26 and 27 (this embodiment). In the embodiment, it has a function as a detection means 35 for detecting a current value flowing through the motors 26 and 27.

The detection means 35 can acquire (measure) the current value i1 flowing through the first motor 26 that rotates the first roller 28, and can also obtain the current value i2 that flows through the second motor 27 that rotates the second roller 29. It is possible to obtain (measurable), and the difference Δi (= i1−i2) can be obtained.
Then, the detecting means 35 detects the difference Δi between the current value i1 flowing through the first motor 26 and the current value i2 flowing through the second motor 27, and thus the possibility of scratches on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 is detected. Is detected.

The function of the detection means 35 will be specifically described. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the grindstone 11, the tapered roller 7, and the pair of rollers 28 and 29 as viewed along the center line direction of the rollers 28 and 29.
In order to rotate the tapered roller 7 in one direction (arrow r direction in FIG. 2), the rotation direction of the first roller 28 (arrow R1 direction in FIG. 2) and the rotation direction of the second roller 29 (arrow R2 in FIG. 2). Direction) (the clockwise direction in FIG. 2), and the first roller 28 and the second roller 29 are rotated at the same rotational speed. In FIG. 2, the contact point between the tapered roller 7 and the first roller 28 is P1, and the contact point between the tapered roller 7 and the second roller 29 is P2.

Since the grindstone 11 pushes the tapered roller 7 between the rollers 28 and 29 by the actuator 15 (see FIG. 1), the pressing forces F1 and F2 from the tapered roller 7 act on the rollers 28 and 29, respectively. The pressing forces F1 and F2 are equal.
The component force f1 of the pressing force F1 acting on the first roller 28 is a force against the rotational force of the first roller 28, whereas the component force f2 of the pressing force F2 acting on the second roller 29 is This is a force that assists the rotational force of the second roller 29.

For this reason, when the tapered roller 7 is rotated by the rollers 28 and 29 in a state where the tapered roller 7 is pressed against the pair of rollers 28 and 29, the torque (torque load resistance) in the first roller 28 is the second. The torque of the second roller 29 (torque load resistance) becomes smaller than that of the first roller 28.
Therefore, as shown at times t0 to t1 in FIG. 3, when the tapered roller 7 is stably rotating without slipping, the current value i1-1 flowing through the first motor 26 that rotates the first roller 28 is The current value i2-1 flowing through the second motor 27 becomes larger (i1-1> i2-1). In the following, the current values i1-1 and i2-1 (see FIG. 3) when the tapered roller 7 rotates stably without slipping (time t0 to t1) are also referred to as steady current values.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the detection means 35.
The detection means 35 acquires the current value i1 and the current value i2 every moment (step St1 in FIG. 4), obtains the difference Δi by calculation every time (step St2), and obtains the difference between the current value i1 and the current value i2. The change of the difference Δi is monitored (step St3). In FIG. 3, the difference Δi when the steady current values i1-1 and i2-1 are acquired is assumed to be “Δi−1”.

If the tapered roller 7 slips with respect to the rollers 28 and 29 for some reason during the superfinishing process for the tapered roller 7 (time t1 to t2 in FIG. 3), the rollers 28 and 29 (FIG. 2). (Refer to) The pressing forces F1 and F2 from the tapered rollers 7 to each decrease, and thereby the component forces f1 and f2 also decrease.
Then, since the component force f1 is a force that resists the rotational force of the first roller 28, when the component force f1 decreases, the torque (torque load resistance) of the first roller 28 decreases, and time t1 in FIG. As shown in t2, the current value (i1-2) of the first motor 26 is smaller than the rated current value i1-1 (i1-1> i1-2).
On the other hand, the component force f2 is a force that assists the rotational force of the second roller 29. When the component force f2 decreases, the torque (torque load resistance) of the second roller 29 increases, and the time of FIG. As indicated by t1 to t2, the current value (i2-2) of the second motor 27 is larger than the rated current value i2-1 (i2-1 <i2-2). In FIG. 3, the current value of the first motor 26 when the slip occurs is i1-2, and the current value of the second motor 27 when the slip occurs is i2-2.

  As described above, the detection means 35 obtains the current value (i1-2, i2-2) every moment (step St1 in FIG. 4) and obtains the difference Δi (step St2). The difference between the current values i1-2 and i2-2 is also obtained. In FIG. 3, this difference is “Δi−2”.

  The detection means 35 compares the difference “Δi−1” that has been previously obtained with the difference “Δi−2” that has been newly obtained this time (step St3 in FIG. 4), and the amount of change between them. Is determined to be greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold value α (Yes in step St3), the possibility of occurrence of scratches on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 is detected (step St4). Then, the detection means 35 generates a signal for notifying the detection result, and outputs the detection result to an output device (not shown) based on the signal, thereby notifying the operator of the possibility of scratches ( Step St5). Examples of the output device include a monitor that outputs information as images and characters, and a speaker that outputs sound.

  Thus, the first current value (first measured value) i1-1 flowing through the first motor 26 is larger than the second current value (second measured value) i2-1 flowing through the second motor 27 (i1-1). > I1-2) From the state where the difference between the first current value i1-1 and the second current value i2-1 is the predetermined value Δi-1, when the difference Δi-1 becomes smaller than the threshold value α (( Δi-1) − (Δi-2) ≧ α), the detection means 35 detects the possibility of scratches on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7, and notifies the operator of the possibility of scratches. To do.

  According to the processing apparatus 10 configured as described above, it is possible to perform super finishing on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7. That is, by rotating the pair of rollers 28 and 29 by the motors 26 and 27, the tapered roller 7 on the pair of rollers 28 and 29 is rotated, and further, the actuator 15 is applied to the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7. Then, the grindstone 11 is pressed and the grindstone 11 is vibrated by the vibration mechanism 17, so that it is possible to perform super finishing on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7.

During this processing, the detection means 35 detects the possibility of scratches on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 based on the current values (electrical measurement values) i1 and i2 flowing through the motors 26 and 27. The That is, when the grindstone 11 is pressed against the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 by the actuator 15, torque (torque) corresponding to the pressing force of the grindstone 11 is applied to the rollers 28 and 29 rotating with the tapered roller 7. Load resistance).
When the tapered roller 7 rotates at a constant peripheral speed, this torque is constant, and the current values flowing through the motors 26 and 27 that rotate the rollers 28 and 29 are steady (in FIG. 3, at time t0). To t1), when the tapered roller 7 slips with respect to the rollers 28 and 29, the torque fluctuates, and due to this fluctuation, current values i1 and i2 flowing through the motors 26 and 27 change (in FIG. 3, times t1 to t2). ). Therefore, the detection means 35 can detect the possibility of scratches on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7 based on the changes in the current values i1 and i2.

  That is, when the tapered roller 7 slips during the superfinishing process by rotating the tapered roller 7, the torque (torque load resistance) in the first roller 28 having a large torque (torque load resistance) is reduced. Whereas the torque (torque load resistance) is small, the torque (torque load resistance) in the second roller 29 changes so as to increase, and the difference between the torque in the first roller and the torque in the second roller Get smaller. Therefore, when this difference becomes smaller than the threshold value, the detection means 35 can detect the possibility of scratches on the tapered rollers 7.

In the present embodiment, the detection means 35 detects the possibility of scratches in the tapered roller 7 based on the difference Δi between the current value i1 flowing through the first motor 26 and the current value i2 flowing through the second motor 27. doing. This influences the torque (torque load resistance) of both the first roller 28 and the second roller 29 when the tapered roller 7 slips, and the current value i1 flowing through the first motor 26 and the current value flowing through the second motor 27. This is because both i2 change.
That is, by detecting the possibility of scratches in the tapered rollers 7 based on the difference Δi between the current values i1 and i2, the detection accuracy can be increased. For example, when it is based not on the difference Δi but on the changes in the current values i1 and i2 flowing through the motors 26 and 27, even if the change is due to noise, there is a risk of erroneously detecting the occurrence of scratches. According to this, erroneous detection can be suppressed.

In particular, in the present embodiment, when the difference Δi between the first current value i1 and the second current value i2 is a predetermined value (Δi−1), when the difference Δi becomes smaller than the threshold value α, the detection unit 35 The possibility of occurrence of scratches on the tapered roller 7 is detected.
This is because when the tapered roller 7 is pressed against the pair of rollers 28 and 29 and the tapered roller 7 is rotated by the rollers 28 and 29, the torque (torque load resistance) in the first roller 28 is large. The fact that the torque (torque load resistance) in the second roller 29 is small is utilized.
In other words, when the tapered roller 7 slips while the tapered roller 7 is rotated and super-finished in this way, the torque at the first roller 28 having a large torque changes so as to decrease. The torque at the second roller 29 where the torque was small changes so as to increase, and the difference between the torque at the first roller 28 and the torque at the second roller 29 decreases. Therefore, when this difference becomes smaller than the threshold value α, the detection means 35 detects the possibility of scratches on the outer peripheral surface 8 of the tapered roller 7.

  In the present embodiment, since the motors 26 and 27 that rotate the rollers 28 and 29 are servo motors, torque fluctuations of the rollers 28 and 29 caused by the slip of the tapered rollers 7 with respect to the rollers 28 and 29 are servoed. It is possible to easily capture the current values i1 and i2 flowing through the motors 26 and 27.

  As described above, according to the processing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, since the possibility of occurrence of scratches on the tapered rollers 7 can be detected during processing, the appearance inspection after processing is omitted or the appearance inspection is performed. By omitting the part, it becomes possible to reduce the work load. As a result, the productivity of the tapered roller 7 can be improved.

The processing apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the form shown in the drawings, and may be in another form within the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the detection unit 35 functions based on the current values i1 and i2 flowing through the motors 26 and 27 has been described. For example, a resistance value may be used.
Further, the vibration mechanism 17 may have a configuration other than the illustrated configuration.
In the above embodiment, the case where the workpiece to be superfinished is the tapered roller 7 has been described. However, the workpiece may be other, for example, an outer ring of a rolling bearing. In this case, the outer ring raceway surface is superfinished.

7: Tapered roller (workpiece) 8: Outer peripheral surface (surface to be processed) 10: Processing device 11: Grinding wheel 15: Actuator 17: Vibration mechanism 26: First motor 27: Second motor 28: First roller 29: Second roller 30: Rotating mechanism 35: Detection means

Claims (3)

A rotating mechanism that rotates the workpiece around the center line of the workpiece, a grindstone that contacts the workpiece surface of the workpiece, an actuator for pressing the grindstone against the workpiece surface, and the grindstone along the workpiece surface A vibration mechanism for vibrating,
The rotation mechanism detects a measurement value of electricity flowing through the motor in order to detect the possibility of scratches on the surface to be processed, a pair of rollers on which the work is placed, a motor that rotates the pair of rollers, and Detecting means ,
The rotation mechanism includes, as the motor, a first motor that rotates one first roller of the pair of rollers, and a second motor that rotates the other second roller,
The detecting means detects a difference between a measured value of electricity flowing through the first motor and a measured value of electricity flowing through the second motor in order to detect the possibility of scratching in the workpiece;
Processing equipment. The first measured value of electricity flowing through the first motor is larger than the second measured value of electricity flowing through the second motor, and the difference between the first measured value and the second measured value is a predetermined value. When the difference becomes smaller for higher threshold, said detection means, processing device according to claim 1 for detecting the possibility of scratches in the workpiece. The motor, the processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 is a servomotor.

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