JP6428813B2 - Light emitting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to light emitting devices such as general illumination, backlight light sources, and headlight light sources, and more particularly to a light emitting device including a phosphor that uses a laser light source as an excitation light source and converts the wavelength of laser light emitted from the light source.

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are one of the most efficient light sources currently available. White LEDs are rapidly expanding in the market as next-generation light sources that replace incandescent bulbs, fluorescent lamps, CCFL backlights, halogen lamps, and the like. As one configuration for realizing a white LED, an LED using a combination of blue of blue LED and a phosphor emitting light by blue excitation has been put into practical use. Among them, the pseudo-white LED made up of a blue LED and a yellow light emitting phosphor is currently mainstream, and examples of the yellow light emitting phosphor include Y ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ : Ce, (Y, Gd) ₃ (Al, Ga). ) ₅ O ₁₂ : Ce, (Y, Gd) ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ : Ce, Tb ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ : Ce, CaGa ₂ S ₄ : Eu, (Sr, Ca, Ba) ₂ SiO ₄ : Eu, Ca -Α-sialon: Eu and the like are known.

  On the other hand, in recent years, since a light emitting device using a laser diode (LD) as a light source can install a phosphor light emitting part at a position away from the LD, the heat design and optical design of the lamp are easy and prosperous. That research has been done. For example, regarding a headlight of an automobile, a light emitting device using an LD that can obtain higher power instead of LEDs has been reported.

  However, one of the problems with light-emitting devices such as lighting devices that use LDs as the light source is the problem of speckle noise due to the coherence of laser light. Attempts have been made to reduce coherence. It is not a light emitting device in which speckle noise is sufficiently reduced so as not to give a sense of incongruity when visually irradiated.

JP 2012-153879 A

Yoshihisa Ikeda, “High-intensity illumination source using multiple LDs and phosphors”, Proceedings of the 348th Annual Meeting of the Phosphor Society of Japan, p. 15-22, 2013, The Society for Phosphors

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in a light-emitting device that emits light by converting the wavelength by a phosphor using laser light as excitation light, it is glaring with respect to vision when irradiated on a rough surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting device that provides high-quality irradiation light in which speckle noise that gives an unnatural feeling is reduced.

  As a result of intensive studies in order to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have used a plurality of primary particles as a phosphor in a light-emitting device that emits light by converting the wavelength with a phosphor using excitation light as a laser beam. By using polycrystalline secondary particles that are configured and have pores with a diameter of 0.2 μm or more, the scattering efficiency of excitation light can be improved, speckle noise is reduced, and high-quality irradiation light is emitted. It has been found that it can be obtained, and has led to the present invention.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the following light emitting device.
Claim 1:
A light emitting device comprising: an excitation light source that emits laser light as excitation light; and a phosphor that is excited by the excitation light and converts the wavelength of the excitation light to emit light.
The phosphor is a polycrystalline secondary particles of spherical comprised of a plurality of crystal primary particles, the average particle diameter of the secondary particles is 18.4～50Myuemu, and in the secondary particles in the unit A light-emitting device having pores having a diameter of 0.2 μm or more and having an interface between the pores and the crystal primary particles.
Claim 2:
The phosphor has the following composition formula (1)
(A _1-x B _x ) ₃ C ₅ O ₁₂ (1)
Wherein A is one or more rare earth elements selected from Y, Gd and Lu, B is one or more rare earth elements selected from Ce, Nd and Tb, and C is one or more kinds selected from Al and Ga. And x is 0.002 ≦ x ≦ 0.2.)
The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a garnet phase represented by:
Claim 3:
The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the laser light is blue laser light having a wavelength of 440 to 465 nm.
Claim 4:
The light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an average particle size of the crystal primary particles is 0.1 to 5 µm.
Claim 5 :
The light emission according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the phosphor is disposed as a light emitting member in which the phosphor is dispersed in a base material in front of a light emission direction of the laser light. apparatus.
Claim 6 :
6. The light emitting device according to claim 5 , wherein the light emitting member has a thickness of 0.1 mm or more.

  According to the present invention, in a light emitting device that emits light by converting a wavelength by a phosphor using laser light as excitation light, a spec that gives an unnatural sensation that is glaring to the eye when light is irradiated on a rough surface. It is possible to provide high quality irradiation light with reduced speckle contrast and good speckle contrast.

2 is an electron micrograph of one cross section of the phosphor particles of Example 1. FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of another cross section of the phosphor particles of Example 1. FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of a phosphor particle of Comparative Example 1.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The light-emitting device of the present invention includes an excitation light source that emits laser light as excitation light, and a phosphor that is excited by the excitation light and emits light by converting the wavelength of the excitation light.

  In the light emitting device of the present invention, a polycrystalline secondary particle composed of a plurality of primary particles is used as a phosphor. The secondary particles have pores having a diameter of 0.2 μm or more, preferably 0.5 μm or more inside. If there are holes in the secondary particles, the light incident on the interface between the holes and the particle body (crystal part) is repeatedly reflected at the interface. Therefore, even when laser light is used as excitation light, the coherence of laser excitation light that affects speckle noise is reduced and incoherence is improved. When the hole diameter is less than 0.2 μm, a sufficient effect of reducing speckle noise cannot be obtained. This is presumably because the irradiation light is not sufficiently scattered. The upper limit of the diameter of the pores is such a size that the phosphor particles can form polycrystalline secondary particles composed of a plurality of primary particles. Since the effect of scattering decreases due to a decrease, the particle diameter is preferably ½ or less (for example, 25 μm or less) of the diameter of the phosphor particles (secondary particles).

  The average particle diameter of the phosphor particles (secondary particles) is preferably 5 to 50 μm. Moreover, it is preferable that the average particle diameter of a primary particle is 0.1-5 micrometers. When the thickness is less than 0.1 μm, the characteristics of the phosphor itself may be deteriorated. When the thickness exceeds 5 μm, the effect of scattering of the laser light may be decreased. The average particle diameter of the phosphor particles (secondary particles) is determined as a particle diameter D50 of 50% cumulative volume by laser diffraction method, and the primary particle diameter is determined as an average value of the diameters of primary particles measured from a microscopic image. Can do.

As the phosphor, the following composition formula (1)
(A _1-x B _x ) ₃ C ₅ O ₁₂ (1)
Wherein A is one or more rare earth elements selected from Y, Gd and Lu, B is one or more rare earth elements selected from Ce, Nd and Tb, and C is one or more kinds selected from Al and Ga. And x is 0.002 ≦ x ≦ 0.2.)
A phosphor containing a garnet phase represented by This garnet phase is a main phase in the phosphor particles, and it is preferable that 99% by volume or more of the phosphor particles is usually a garnet phase. If the proportion of the garnet phase is small, it will cause a decrease in the absorption rate of excitation light and the emission quantum efficiency.

  This phosphor is a yellow light emitting phosphor that emits yellow light having a maximum emission intensity within a wavelength range of 540 to 590 nm, for example, by using blue light as excitation light. A light emitting device that emits white (pseudo white) light can be configured.

  The phosphor particles that are polycrystalline secondary particles composed of a plurality of primary particles and having pores according to the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method.

  First, depending on the metal species of the phosphor particles to be manufactured, a single metal oxide, a composite oxide and a mixed oxide are appropriately selected, and this oxide is made into a slurry, and the particles are granulated from the slurry. The resulting granulated particles are used as a precursor.

  Examples of the method for producing the composite oxide or mixed oxide include the following methods. First, an appropriate metal salt (nitrate, chloride salt, etc.) containing a metal element (for example, Y, Gd, Lu, Ce, Nd, Tb, Al, Ga, etc.) constituting the phosphor particles of the present invention is selected. , Making them an aqueous solution, obtaining a coprecipitate from the aqueous solution, or appropriately selecting from the metal salt and the oxide of the metal to make them an aqueous solution or slurry, obtaining a coprecipitate from the aqueous solution or slurry, obtaining A composite oxide or mixed oxide can be obtained by firing the resulting coprecipitate at 800 to 1,500 ° C. in the atmosphere. This firing time is usually 1 to 10 hours.

  If necessary, an organic additive such as a dispersant and a binder is added to the oxide slurry, and the mixture is pulverized as necessary to form a fine particle slurry having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 2.0 μm. . Using this slurry as a raw material, granulated particles (precursors) can be obtained by forming into spherical or substantially spherical particles having a desired particle diameter by spray drying. The composition between the individual granulated particles is made uniform by granulation from the slurry. Under the present circumstances, the granulated powder with many space | gap inside can be manufactured by controlling the drying conditions of the slurry sprayed. As the drying conditions of the slurry, it is preferable that the concentration of the slurry is 5 to 20% by mass and the temperature of the drying atmosphere is 60 to 90 ° C. higher than the boiling point of the solvent. The size of the granulated particles is preferably about the same as the size of the phosphor particles obtained after the heat treatment (for example, the average particle size is 100 to 120% of the phosphor particles after the heat treatment).

The granulated particles are agglomerates in which the fine particles are simply pressed and then heat treated to form sintered particles or single particles to form phosphor particles. As a method of heat-treating the granulated particles into sintered particles or single particles, a method of melting the granulated particles by passing them through a gas burner flame such as propane or plasma is preferable. As the plasma source, high frequency plasma, direct current plasma, or the like is used. In this case, the entire granulated particles may be completely melted once to form single particles, or only the surface portions of the individual fine particles constituting the aggregate are melted to connect the fine particles. It may be melted to such an extent that it can be formed as sintered particles in which fine particles are firmly connected. When the granulated particles obtained from the slurry containing the organic additive are heat-treated, the organic components are removed by pre-baking at 400 to 1,700 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in advance in the air. In the case where the molten cooling particles are further heat-treated in a reducing atmosphere, H ₂ + N ₂ gas, H ₂ + Ar gas, or the like is used as the reducing gas. The reduction treatment temperature is, for example, 1,000 to 1,800 ° C., the reduction treatment time is, for example, 1 to 20 hours, and the treatment is performed at a temperature and time sufficient to obtain the characteristics as phosphor particles. Moreover, in order to prevent the fusion | melting of the particle | grains at the time of heat processing, you may perform multistage processing, such as heat-processing to 1,800 degreeC after heat processing to 1200 degreeC, for example.

  As an excitation light source that emits laser light, a laser diode (LD) can be suitably used. In particular, yellow light is excited by blue light such as a phosphor containing a garnet phase represented by the composition formula (1). When using a yellow light-emitting phosphor that emits light, blue laser light having a wavelength of 440 to 465 nm is suitable, and a blue LD that emits such blue laser light can be used. As the LD, a commercially available product can be used.

  In the light emitting device of the present invention, the excitation light source and the phosphor are arranged so that the phosphor is irradiated with the laser light from the excitation light source. The phosphor is disposed as a light emitting member in which the phosphor is dispersed in a position where the laser beam is irradiated, for example, in front of the light emitting direction of the laser beam, preferably in a base material. In addition, the light-emitting device can be configured by appropriately using known members used in a light-emitting device using a light-emitting diode (LED) such as an LD housing member, a light-emitting member mounting member, and a reflecting member.

  As the light emitting member, a material containing a base material such as resin or rubber and a phosphor is preferably used. As the resin used as the base material, either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin may be used.

  For the light emitting member, a molded body in which a phosphor is mixed and dispersed in a base material is used. For molding, known molding methods such as compression molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, etc. can be applied, and the desired purpose and shape of the light emitting device can be of any shape such as granular, rod-shaped, film-shaped, thin-plate shaped, etc. Or what was shape | molded according to the irradiation aspect can be used. The thickness of the light emitting member is usually 0.1 mm or more, particularly 0.5 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or less, particularly 10 mm or less. In addition, the mixing ratio of the base material and the phosphor is not limited as long as the strength required for the molded body can be maintained, and varies depending on the type of the base material. % Or less, particularly 40% by mass or less, and the lower limit thereof is not particularly limited, but is usually 1% by mass or more.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Example 1]
1,000 g of (Y _2.94 Ce _0.06 ) Al ₅ O ₁₂ garnet powder with a purity of 99.9% and an average particle size of 1.0 μm was ball milled with 6,000 g of deionized water, 10 g of ammonium polyacrylate, and 2 g of carboxymethyl cellulose. Mix for 6 hours. The obtained slurry was granulated using a centrifugal spray device. The drying temperature at the time of granulation was 180 ° C., and granulation was carried out by adjusting the amount of slurry fed so that the drying temperature did not fluctuate to obtain granulated particles having an average particle diameter of 21 μm. The obtained particles were heat-treated in air at 1,550 ° C. for 2 hours to remove organic components. Next, the particles were supplied into a DC arc plasma, melted in the DC arc plasma, and then solidified particles were collected again. Furthermore, when this particle was annealed at 1,400 ° C. for 4 hours in a reducing atmosphere of 98 vol% argon and 2 vol% hydrogen, phosphor particles emitting yellow light with blue excitation light were obtained.

  When this fluorescent substance particle was qualitatively analyzed by XRD, it was confirmed that it was a garnet phase single phase. When the phosphor particles were observed with an electron microscope, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the phosphor particles had a spherical or almost spherical shape and had a structure of polycrystalline secondary particles. The average particle diameter (secondary particle diameter) was measured by a laser diffraction method, and the primary particle diameter was measured as an average diameter of 20 primary particles from an electron micrograph. The absorption rate, internal quantum efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of the phosphor particles were measured using an integrating sphere at an excitation wavelength of 450 nm and an emission range of 480 to 780 nm. Further, the phosphor particles were polished and the cross section was observed, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it was confirmed that a large number of pores having a diameter of 0.2 μm or more exist inside the phosphor particles. . Tables 1 and 2 show the evaluation results of the phosphor particles.

  Next, a light-emitting device using laser light as excitation light was produced using the obtained phosphor particles. A blue LD was used as an excitation light source. For the blue LD, a blue laser of class 3B, an emission wavelength of 445 to 450 nm, and an output of 1,000 mW was used. A phosphor member was prepared by dispersing 5% by mass of phosphor particles in a transparent silicone resin composition and curing them in a disk shape. An opaque frustoconical cylinder is manufactured, and a blue LD is arranged on the small diameter side, a light emitting member is arranged on the large diameter side, and the light from the blue LD is irradiated to the light emitting member, and these are attached to the cylinder. A light emitting device was obtained. The screen was irradiated with light emitted from the light emitting device, and speckle contrast was visually evaluated.

[Comparative Example 1]
Yttrium oxide powder having a purity of 99.9% and an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm, an aluminum oxide powder having a purity of 99.0% and an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm, and an oxidation having a purity of 99.9% and an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm Each cerium powder was mixed at a molar ratio of Y: Al: Ce = 2.94: 5: 0.06 to obtain 1,000 g of mixed powder. Further, 20 g of barium fluoride as a flux was added to the obtained mixed powder and mixed well, filled in an alumina crucible, and heat-treated in air at 1,400 ° C. for 5 hours. The obtained fired body was crushed in water using a ball mill, and washed with acid, washed with water, separated, dried, and classified to obtain phosphor particles.

  When this phosphor particle was qualitatively analyzed by XRD, it was confirmed that it contained a garnet phase as the main phase and a complex oxide phase of barium and aluminum as the second phase. When this fluorescent substance particle was observed with the electron microscope, as FIG. 3 showed, it was an amorphous shape and it did not have the structure of a polycrystal secondary particle. The average particle size, absorption rate, internal quantum efficiency, and external quantum efficiency were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Further, the phosphor particles were polished and the cross section was observed, and as shown in FIG. 3, it was confirmed that pores having a diameter of 0.2 μm or more were not present inside the phosphor particles. Tables 1 and 2 show the evaluation results of the phosphor particles.

  Next, using the obtained phosphor particles, a light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the speckle contrast was evaluated in the same manner as in the Example.

  When the speckle contrasts of the light emitting devices of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared side by side, the speckle noise is reduced in Example 1, and high-quality light with good speckle contrast is emitted. Was confirmed.

Claims (6)

A light emitting device comprising: an excitation light source that emits laser light as excitation light; and a phosphor that is excited by the excitation light and converts the wavelength of the excitation light to emit light.
The phosphor is a polycrystalline secondary particles of spherical comprised of a plurality of crystal primary particles, the average particle diameter of the secondary particles is 18.4～50Myuemu, and in the secondary particles in the unit A light-emitting device having pores having a diameter of 0.2 μm or more and having an interface between the pores and the crystal primary particles. The phosphor has the following composition formula (1)
(A _1-x B _x ) ₃ C ₅ O ₁₂ (1)
Wherein A is one or more rare earth elements selected from Y, Gd and Lu, B is one or more rare earth elements selected from Ce, Nd and Tb, and C is one or more kinds selected from Al and Ga. And x is 0.002 ≦ x ≦ 0.2.)
The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a garnet phase represented by:   The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the laser light is blue laser light having a wavelength of 440 to 465 nm.   The light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an average particle size of the crystal primary particles is 0.1 to 5 µm. The light emission according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the phosphor is disposed as a light emitting member in which the phosphor is dispersed in a base material in front of a light emission direction of the laser light. apparatus. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5 , wherein the light emitting member has a thickness of 0.1 mm or more.