JP6428551B2 - Winding switching device and motor drive device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a winding switching device for switching the connection state of windings in a motor in order to change the output characteristics of the motor, and a motor drive device including the winding switching device.

  As is well known, in recent years, so-called electric vehicles using an electric motor as a power source and so-called hybrid vehicles using an electric motor in combination with an internal combustion engine have been put into practical use.

  In a vehicle using this type of electric motor (referred to as an electric vehicle), it is necessary to make the output characteristics of the electric motor correspond to various traveling scenes of the vehicle. Therefore, in each phase of the motor, a plurality of windings connected in series are provided, and a current is passed through the plurality of windings to ensure low-speed torque, and some of the plurality of windings In other words, the electric motor is driven to a higher rotation side by supplying a current (for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition to changing the number of windings through which current flows in this way, by providing a plurality of windings in each phase of the motor and switching the connection state between series and parallel, the output characteristics of the motor can be changed. It is also considered to change (for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2011-50150 A JP 2006-141132 A

  According to the configuration of Patent Document 2, it is possible to further switch between 2 parallel and 4 parallel in the parallel connection, which is advantageous in increasing the degree of freedom in changing the output characteristics of the electric motor. However, when the connection state of a plurality of windings is switched between series, two-parallel, and four-parallel in this way, it is necessary to provide a switching circuit having a large number of switches and control each switch individually. . Although a specific switching circuit is not disclosed in Patent Document 2, this type of winding switching circuit has the following problems because semiconductor switches are usually used frequently. That is, since a semiconductor switch always has a conduction loss in an energized state (on state), in the switching circuit as described above, since a large number of semiconductor switches are always in an energized state, the total energization loss is large. This is disadvantageous in improving efficiency, and in addition, the semiconductor switch itself is relatively expensive, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and provides a winding switching device and a motor drive device capable of changing the output characteristics of an electric motor with a lower cost configuration and without impairing efficiency. The purpose is to provide.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention provides a winding for switching a connection state of the plurality of windings in an electric motor including a plurality of windings each including a coil and having a first end and a second end. a line switching device, a device body having an inner space extending in the uniaxial direction, which is held in the device body so as to be displaceable along the inner surface of the apparatus body said uniaxial direction switching direction movable And a drive device that relatively displaces the device main body and the movable body in the switching direction, and the device main body is at the same position in the switching direction on the inner side surface of the device main body and the inner side surface A plurality of connection electrodes to which the first end and the second end of the plurality of windings are respectively connected at positions different from each other in the circumferential direction , a power input electrode for power input, and a short circuit for forming a neutral point Electrodes. Body includes a first connection circuit section arranged in the switching direction and the second connection circuit part, and a first connection position and a circuit portion for a second connection to the circuit portion for the first connection is opposed to the respective electrodes Displaceable in the switching direction over the second connection position facing each of the electrodes, and the first connection circuit section is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and the movable body is connected to the first connection position. A plurality of windings electrically connected in a first connected state between the plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with each of the electrodes and the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode, respectively. A first electric circuit connecting the respective counterpart electrodes so as to be connected, and the second connection circuit portion is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and the movable body is disposed at the second connection position. A plurality of counterparts that are in electrical contact with each of the electrodes when A second connecting the respective counterpart electrodes such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a second connection state different from the first connection state between the pole and the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode; And an electric circuit.

According to this winding switching device, the connection state of the plurality of windings of the electric motor is switched between the first connection state and the second connection state by switching the position of the movable body by the driving device. Specifically, when the movable member is set to the first connection position, and the electrodes of the apparatus main body and the partner side electrode of the first connection circuit portion is in electrical contact, the first connection circuit unit The plurality of windings are connected to the first connection state by the first electric circuit. On the other hand, when the movable member is set to the second connection position, and the electrodes of the apparatus main body and the partner side electrode of the second connection circuit portion is in electrical contact, a second electrical second connection circuit unit The plurality of windings are connected to the second connection state by a circuit. According to such a configuration, the connection state of the plurality of windings of the electric motor can be switched without using a large number of semiconductor switches as in the prior art. Therefore, it is possible to change the output characteristics of the electric motor with a lower cost configuration and without impairing the efficiency.
In addition, it is possible to contact the connection electrode, the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode of the apparatus main body with the counterpart electrode of the movable body while relatively moving the apparatus main body and the movable body with a relatively simple configuration. It becomes.

  More specifically, in the above-described winding switching device, the first electric circuit is an electric circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in series, The second electric circuit is an electric circuit that connects each counterpart electrode so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in parallel.

  According to this configuration, the connection state of the plurality of windings can be switched between series and parallel without using a large number of semiconductor switches.

  In the above-described winding switching device, the first electric circuit connects the counterpart electrodes so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected by a predetermined connection method, either in series or in parallel. The second electric circuit is the same connection method as the predetermined connection method, and the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a form different from the first electric circuit. It may be an electric circuit that connects each counterpart electrode.

  Specifically, for example, when the plurality of windings include four windings, the first electric circuit is a four parallel electric circuit that connects the four windings in parallel with each other, and the second electric circuit Is a 2-parallel electrical circuit in which two sets of windings in which two of the four windings are connected in series are connected in parallel.

  According to these configurations, it is possible to switch to a different connection form while maintaining the connection method of the plurality of windings without using a large number of semiconductor switches.

  In the winding switching device, the motor is a three-phase AC motor having a U-phase winding group, a V-phase winding group, and a W-phase winding group each including the plurality of windings. The main body includes the plurality of connection electrodes, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, respectively, and includes a U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion that are arranged in the switching direction. A U-phase mating side connection section and a V-phase mating section, each comprising a connection circuit section and the second connection circuit section and arranged in the same switching direction as the U-phase connection section, V-phase connection section, and W-phase connection section A side connection part and a W-phase counterpart connection part may be provided, and the short-circuit electrodes of the connection parts may be connected to each other to form a neutral point.

According to this configuration, the position of the movable body is switched by the driving device, so that the connection states of the plurality of windings of the U-phase winding group, the V-phase winding group, and the W-phase winding group are accompanied by a time difference. It is possible to switch to different states (series and parallel) without any problems.
As another form, the movable body further includes a third connection circuit portion arranged in the switching direction, and the third connection circuit portion faces the electrodes of the apparatus main body. The third connection circuit portion is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and the movable body is disposed at the third connection position when the movable body is disposed at the third connection position. A plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with each other, and the plurality of windings between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode in a third connection state that is electrically different from the first and second connection states. A third electric circuit connecting the respective counterpart electrodes to be connected, the plurality of windings include four windings, and the first electric circuit connects the four windings in series 4 It is a series electric circuit, and the second electric circuit has four windings in parallel with each other. 4 parallel electric circuits to be connected, and the third electric circuit may be a 2 parallel electric circuit in which two sets of four windings connected in series are connected in parallel. .
In this case, the electric motor is a three-phase AC motor having a U-phase winding group, a V-phase winding group, and a W-phase winding group each including the plurality of windings, and the apparatus body includes the plurality of connections. An electrode, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, respectively, and a U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion that are arranged in the switching direction, and the movable body includes the first connection circuit portion, the first connection circuit portion, A U-phase mating side connection portion and a V-phase mating portion each having a 2-connection circuit portion and a third connection circuit portion and arranged in the same switching direction as the U-phase connection portion, V-phase connection portion, and W-phase connection portion A side connection part and a W-phase counterpart connection part may be provided, and the short-circuit electrodes of the connection parts may be connected to each other to form a neutral point.

In the winding switching device, when the motor is a three-phase AC motor, the device body includes the plurality of connection electrodes, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, and is arranged in the switching direction. A U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion; and the movable body includes the first connection circuit portion and the second connection circuit portion, respectively, and the U-phase connection portion and the V-phase connection. And a U-phase counterpart connection portion, a V-phase counterpart connection portion, and a W-phase counterpart connection portion arranged in the switching direction in the same arrangement as the first and the W-phase connection portions, and the first electric circuit is continuous in the circumferential direction An electric circuit connecting the counterpart electrodes so that different phases of electric power are supplied to the three coils, and the second electric circuit is a set of three coils continuous in the circumferential direction. Different phases of power are supplied Can be configured urchin said an electrical circuit connecting each counterpart electrode.
The winding switching device according to another aspect of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, a winding switching device that switches a connection state of a plurality of windings in an electric motor including a plurality of windings each including a coil and having a first end and a second end, and extends in a uniaxial direction. An apparatus main body having an internal space, a movable body held by the apparatus main body so as to be displaceable along the inner surface of the apparatus main body with the uniaxial direction as a switching direction, and the apparatus main body and the movable body are relatively And a drive device that displaces in the switching direction, wherein the device main body is located at the same position in the switching direction on the inner surface of the device main body and at different positions in the circumferential direction of the inner surface. A plurality of connection electrodes to which the first end and the second end of the winding are respectively connected, a power supply electrode for power input, and a short-circuit electrode for forming a neutral point, First in the switching direction A first connection position including a connection circuit portion, a second connection circuit portion, a third connection circuit portion, and a fourth connection circuit portion, wherein the first connection circuit portion faces each of the electrodes; A second connection position where the connection circuit portion faces each of the electrodes, a third connection position where the third connection circuit portion faces each of the electrodes, and a fourth connection circuit portion faces the respective electrodes. When the first connection circuit portion is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body and the movable body is disposed at the first connection position, the first connection circuit portion is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body. A plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with each of the electrodes, and the windings are electrically connected in a first connection state between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode. A first electric circuit connecting the counterpart electrode, and the second connection circuit section is movable And when the movable body is disposed at the second connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the respective electrodes, and between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode A second electric circuit connecting the respective counterpart electrodes so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a second connection state different from the first connection state, and the third connection circuit portion Are each provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the third connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the respective electrodes, the power supply electrode, A third electric circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected to the short-circuit electrode in a third connection state different from the first and second connection states. The fourth connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body. When the movable body is disposed at the fourth connection position, the plurality of windings between the plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the respective electrodes, and the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode, respectively. A fourth electric circuit that connects the respective counterpart electrodes so as to be electrically connected in a fourth connection state different from the first to third connection states, and the motor is a three-phase AC motor, The apparatus main body includes the plurality of connection electrodes, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, respectively, and includes a U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion that are arranged in the switching direction. A first connection circuit portion, a second connection circuit portion, a third connection circuit portion, and a fourth connection circuit portion, and the U-phase connection portion, the V-phase connection portion, and the W-phase connection portion; U-phase mating side connection part arranged in the switching direction in the same arrangement, V The first electric circuit is provided with a counterpart connection portion and a W-phase counterpart connection portion, and power of different phases is supplied to each of the three continuous coils in the circumferential direction, and the windings are connected in series. The second electric circuit is configured such that power of different phases is supplied to the three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction, and the windings are connected in parallel to each other. The third electric circuit is a set of three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction, and power of different phases is supplied to each set, and the windings are connected in series. An electric circuit connecting the respective counterpart electrodes so as to be connected, and the fourth electric circuit has three coils continuous in the circumferential direction as one set, and different phases of power are supplied to each set; and Before each winding is connected in parallel An electric circuit connecting the other side electrodes.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to switch the connection state of the plurality of windings without changing the number of semiconductor switches, thereby changing the number of poles of the electric motor.

  More specifically, in this case, the electric motor includes a stator having a plurality of coils arranged in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of soft magnetic bodies that are arranged to face the stator and are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. A rotor provided with two permanent magnets arranged opposite to each other in the circumferential direction between the iron core and adjacent iron cores, and facing magnetic poles that are opposite to each other and facing each other. The permanent magnets are arranged so that the facing magnetic poles of two permanent magnets adjacent to each other are the same.

  According to this configuration, it becomes possible to switch the phase of the electric power supplied to the plurality of coils, thereby the state of the low (small) magnetic pole in which the iron core is excited to the same magnetic pole as the permanent magnets on both sides thereof, It is possible to switch to a state of high (multiple) magnetic poles in which the iron core is excited by magnetic poles different from the permanent magnets on both sides thereof. That is, the number of poles of the electric motor can be changed.

  In this case, it is preferable to include an urging member that urges the connection electrode, the power supply electrode, the short-circuit electrode, and the counterpart electrode in a direction in contact with each other.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to improve the connection reliability by suppressing the occurrence of contact failure between the connection electrode, the power supply electrode, the short-circuit electrode, and the counterpart electrode.

  On the other hand, an electric motor drive device of the present invention includes an electric motor including a coil and having a plurality of windings each having a first end and a second end, the above-described winding switching device, and the winding switching The position of the movable body between the first connection position and the second connection position by controlling the driving device based on a predetermined condition and a power supply device connected to the power supply electrode of the device And a control device for switching between.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to appropriately switch and control the connection state of the plurality of windings of the electric motor based on a predetermined condition.

  As described above, according to the winding switching device and the motor drive device of the present invention, it is possible to change the output characteristics of the motor with a low-cost configuration without impairing the efficiency.

1 is an overall configuration diagram (first embodiment) of a motor drive device according to the present invention (a motor drive device to which a winding switching device according to the present invention is applied); It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of a U-phase winding group. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view (III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 4) which shows a coil | winding switching apparatus. It is a plane sectional view (IV-IV line sectional view of Drawing 3) showing a coil change device. It is a plane sectional view of a device main part. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a movable body. (A) is a plane sectional view (sectional view taken along line VIIa-VIIa in FIG. 6) of the movable body showing the configuration of the series connection circuit unit, and (b) is a movable showing the configuration of the circuit unit for two parallel connections. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the body (cross-sectional view taken along the line VIIb-VIIb in FIG. 6), and FIG. ). It is a top view which shows the stator of the electric motor from which the structure of a winding group differs. It is a top view of the stator of the electric motor applied to the drive device for electric motors concerning 2nd Embodiment. It is a top view of the rotor of the electric motor applied to the drive device for electric motors which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. (A) is a schematic diagram of a rotor showing a four-pole state, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a rotor showing a twelve-pole state. (A) is a schematic diagram of a stator showing a power supply state to each coil when forming a four-pole rotating magnetic field, and (b) is a diagram showing each coil when forming a twelve-pole rotating magnetic field. It is a schematic diagram of the stator which shows an electric power supply state. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view (XIII-XIII sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 14) which shows the coil | winding switching apparatus in 2nd Embodiment. It is a plane sectional view (XIV-XIV line sectional view of Drawing 13) showing the coil change device in a 2nd embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a movable body. It is a plane sectional view of the serial 12-pole connection circuit portion of the U-phase counterpart connection portion. It is the table | surface which showed the structure of the electric circuit with which each circuit part of each other party connection part of U phase-W phase is provided.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an electric motor drive device according to the present invention (an electric motor drive device to which a winding switching device according to the present invention is applied).

  The motor drive device 10 includes a three-phase AC motor 1A (hereinafter abbreviated as a motor 1A) and windings for switching a connection state of a plurality of windings included in a winding group included in the motor 1A directly and to an array. 11 A of switching apparatuses, the control apparatus 12 which controls this winding switching apparatus 11A, and the inverter 13 (electric power supply apparatus of this invention) which supplies electric power to 1 A of electric motors are provided. The inverter 13 is connected to a three-phase AC power source 14.

  The electric motor 1A includes a rotor (not shown) having a rotating shaft and a rotor main body fixed to the rotating shaft, and a stator 2, and the rotor main body and the stator 2 are orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotating shaft (perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1). This is a so-called axial gap type electric motor facing the direction.

  Although not shown in detail, the rotor body includes a plurality of permanent magnets arranged on the stator facing surface in the circumferential direction and having different magnetic poles (facing magnetic poles facing the stator 2) alternately. On the other hand, the stator 2 includes a plurality of (24 in the illustrated example) stator cores 3 arranged in the circumferential direction, and a coil C mounted (wound) on each stator core 3. A winding group 5v and a W-phase winding group 5w are provided.

  As shown in FIG. 2, U-phase winding group 5u includes first to fourth windings 6a to 6d formed such that a plurality of coils C are arranged in series. The windings 6a to 6d are stacked in the axial direction, and the coils C are mounted on the stator core 3 in a state of being stacked on each other. In this example, each of the windings 6a to 6d is made of a rectangular copper wire having a rectangular cross section, and the coil C is so-called edgewise wound around the stator core 3 with the short side surface of the rectangular copper wire as an inner diameter surface. It is a coil.

  The configuration of each of the V-phase and W-phase winding groups 5v and 5w is equivalent to the configuration of the U-phase winding group 5u, and includes first to fourth windings 6a to 6d, respectively. In FIG. 1, in order to make the configuration of the windings 6a to 6d easier to understand, only the windings 6a to 6d of the U-phase winding group 5u are portions other than the coil C (crossover portions between the coils, etc.). ) Is indicated by a broken line.

  The winding switching device 11A is for switching the connection state of the four windings 6a to 6d belonging to the winding groups 5u to 5w directly and between the arrangements.

  FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the winding switching device 11A, and FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view of the winding switching device 11A. The winding switching device 11A includes a device body 20, a movable body 22 held by the device body 20 so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction Z (corresponding to the switching direction of the present invention), the device body 20 and the movable body. And a driving device 24 that relatively displaces the motor 22 in the vertical direction Z.

  The apparatus main body 20 includes a housing 26 having a slightly elongated rectangular section in the vertical direction, a U-phase connection portion 30u, a V-phase connection portion 30v and a W-phase connection portion 30w incorporated in the housing 26, and connection portions 30u to 30w. A short-circuiting wire 25 that connects the short-circuit electrode 33 to be described later is provided.

  The housing 26 is entirely formed of an insulating resin material, and has an internal space 28 having a rectangular cross section that is substantially similar to the outline of the flat cross section.

  The U-phase to W-phase connection portions 30u to 30w are electrically connected to the inverter 13 and the motor 1A (not shown). From the top, the U-phase connection portion 30u, the V-phase connection portion 30v, and the W-phase connection are connected. The housings 26 are provided in the order of the portions 30w.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, U-phase connection portion 30 u includes power supply electrode 32 to which U-phase power supply line 13 u from inverter 13 is connected, short-circuit electrode 33 for forming a neutral point, U-phase Of the ends of the windings 6a to 6d of the winding group 5u, the first to fourth input electrodes 34a to 34a to which the first ends E1 (see FIG. 2) on the current (power) input side are respectively connected. 34d and first to fourth output electrodes 35a to 35d to which the second end portions E2 (see FIG. 2) on the current (power) output side are respectively connected.

  These electrodes 32, 33, 34 a to 34 d, 35 a to 35 d can be moved in and out of the internal space 28 at the same position in the vertical direction of the housing 26 in a state that can be displaced in the thickness direction of the side wall of the housing 26. In this state, it is accommodated in an electrode holding hole 36 formed on the inner side surface of the housing 26. Specifically, the power supply electrode 32 and the short-circuit electrode 33 face each other toward the electrode holding hole 36 formed in the facing surface 29a facing each other in the long side direction (left-right direction in FIG. 5) of the inner surface of the housing 26. It is housed together. Further, the first to fourth input electrodes 34 a to 34 d and the first to fourth output electrodes 35 a to 35 d face each other in the short side direction (vertical direction in FIG. 5) of the inner surface of the housing 26. The electrode holding holes 36 formed in the facing surface 29b are accommodated facing each other.

  Each of the electrodes 32, 33, 34a to 34d, and 35a to 35d is urged in a direction protruding into the internal space 28 by an urging member 37 (in this example, a compression coil spring). The electrodes 32, 33, 34 a to 34 d, 35 a to 35 d can always contact the movable body 22.

  Each electrode 32, 33, 34 a to 34 d, 35 a to 35 d is provided with a connector 38, and a connector (not shown) attached to the end of the U-phase power supply line 13 u is a connector 38 of the power supply electrode 32. The U-phase power line 13u is electrically connected to the power electrode 32 by being connected to the connector, and the connector (not shown) attached to the end of the short-circuiting wire 25 is connected to the connector 38 of the short-circuit electrode 33. The shorting wire 25 is electrically connected to the shorting electrode 33. Further, the connectors (not shown) respectively attached to the first ends E1 of the windings 6a to 6d of the U-phase winding group 5u are connected to the connectors 38 of the input electrodes 34a to 34d, respectively. The first ends E1 of 6a to 6d are electrically connected to the input electrodes 34a to 34d, and connectors (not shown) respectively attached to the second ends E2 of the windings 6a to 6d are output electrodes 35a to 35a. By being respectively connected to the connector 38 of 35d, each 2nd end part E2 of each coil | winding 6a-6d is electrically connected to the output electrodes 35a-35d.

  Here, the configuration of the U-phase connection unit 30u has been described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, but the configurations of the V-phase connection unit 30v and the W-phase connection unit 30w are also the same.

  The V-phase power supply line 13v is connected to the V-phase connection part 30v by the same connection structure as the connection structure between the electrodes 32, 33, 34a to 34d, 35a to 35d of the U-phase connection part 30u and the U-phase power supply line 13u. The power supply electrode 32 is electrically connected, and the short-circuit wire 25 is electrically connected to the short-circuit electrode 33 of the V-phase connection portion 30v. The first ends E1 of the windings 6a to 6d of the V-phase winding group 5v are electrically connected to the input electrodes 34a to 34d of the V-phase connection portion 30v, and the first ends E1 of the windings 6a to 6d. The two end portions E2 are electrically connected to the output electrodes 35a to 35d of the V-phase connection portion 30v. Similarly, the W-phase power supply line 13w is electrically connected to the power supply electrode 32 of the W-phase connection portion 30w, and the short-circuit wire 25 is electrically connected to the short-circuit electrode 33 of the W-phase connection portion 30w. The first ends E1 of the windings 6a to 6d of the W-phase winding group 5w are electrically connected to the input electrodes 34a to 34d of the W-phase connection portion 30w, and the first ends E1 of the windings 6a to 6d. The two end portions E2 are electrically connected to the output electrodes 35a to 35d of the W-phase connection portion 30w.

  The short-circuiting wire 25 short-circuits the short-circuit electrodes 33 of the connection portions 30u to 30w, whereby the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings of the electric motor 1A (winding group 5u ~ 5w) neutral points are formed.

  The movable body 22 is disposed in an internal space 28 of the housing 26 as shown in FIGS. The movable body 22 has substantially the same cross-sectional shape as the internal space 28 and is formed to be slidable in the vertical direction along the inner wall surface of the housing 26.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the movable body 22 includes a rectangular parallelepiped casing 41, a U-phase counterpart connection section 40 u, a V-phase counterpart connection section 40 v, and a W-phase counterpart connection section incorporated in the casing 41. 40w is provided.

  The U-phase to W-phase counterpart connection portions 40u to 40w are connected to the windings 6a to 6d respectively connected to the U-phase to W-phase connection portions 30u to 30w as the movable body 22 moves. Corresponding to each U-phase to W-phase connection portion 30u to 30w, the U-phase counterpart side connection portion 40u and the V-phase counterpart side connection portion are provided from above. 40v and W-phase counterpart side connection part 40w are assembled in the casing 41 in the order.

  Each counterpart connection section 40u to 40w has a three-layer structure including a series connection circuit section 42, a two parallel connection circuit section 43, and a four parallel connection circuit section 44 in order from the bottom.

  The structures of the circuit units 42 to 44 belonging to the respective counterpart connection units 40 u to 40 w are the same, and the same type of circuit units 42 to 44 simultaneously face the connection units 30 u to 30 w as the movable body 22 moves up and down. The vertical interval between them is set. That is, as the movable body 22 moves up and down, the series connection circuit portions 42 of the respective counterpart connection portions 40u to 40w simultaneously face the respective connection portions 30u to 30w, and the two parallel connections of the respective counterpart connection portions 40u to 40w. Each other side connection so that the circuit part 43 is simultaneously opposed to the respective connection parts 30u to 30w, and the four parallel connection circuit parts 44 of the respective partner side connection parts 40u to 40w are simultaneously opposed to the respective connection parts 30u to 30w. The interval between the units 40u to 40w and the interval between the circuit units 42 to 44 belonging to each counterpart connection unit 40u to 40w are set.

  In the following description, the position of the movable body 22 when the series connection circuit section 42 faces each of the connection sections 30u to 30w is referred to as a series connection position, and the two parallel connection circuit section 43 is connected to each connection section 30u. The position of the movable body 22 when opposed to 30w is referred to as a first parallel connection position, and the position of the movable body 22 when the 4-parallel connection circuit unit 44 faces each of the connection sections 30u to 30w is defined as a second parallel connection. This is called the position. FIG. 3 shows a state in which the movable body 22 is set at the second parallel connection position.

  FIG. 7A is a plan sectional view of the movable body 22 showing the configuration of the series connection circuit section 42. When the movable body 22 is disposed at the serial connection position, the series connection circuit unit 42 is provided for the counterpart power supply electrode 46 that contacts the power supply electrode 32 of the apparatus body 20 and the counterpart short circuit that contacts the short-circuit electrode 33. The electrode 47, the first to fourth mating input electrodes 48a to 48d contacting the first to fourth input electrodes 34a to 34d, respectively, and the mating side contacting the first to fourth output electrodes 35a to 35d A series connecting the electrodes 46, 47, 48 a to 48 d, 49 a to 49 d so that the windings 6 a to 6 d are electrically connected in series between the output electrodes 49 a to 49 d and the power supply electrode 32 and the short-circuit electrode 33. And a connecting electric circuit 52.

  The series connection electric circuit 52 is configured by a simple wiring such as a bus bar or a printed wiring, for example, specifically, a wiring connecting the counterpart power supply electrode 46a and the first counterpart input electrode 48a, and a first A wiring connecting the counterpart output electrode 49a and the second counterpart input electrode 48b, a wiring connecting the second counterpart output electrode 49b and the third counterpart input electrode 48c, a third counterpart output electrode 49c and the fourth It has a wiring connecting the counterpart input electrode 48d and a wiring connecting the fourth counterpart output electrode 49d and the counterpart short-circuit electrode 47.

  The electrodes 46, 47, 48 a to 48 d, 49 a to 49 d are fixed electrodes, each having a contact surface that is flush with the outer surface of the movable body 22. It is provided so as to be in contact with the electrodes 32, 33, 34a to 34d, and 35a to 35d.

  As shown in FIG. 7B, the 2-parallel connection circuit unit 43 is different only in that a 2-parallel connection electric circuit 53 is provided instead of the series-connection electric circuit 52. This is the same as the serial connection circuit section 42.

  The two parallel connection electric circuit 53 is a circuit that connects two sets of windings in which two of the four windings 6a to 6d are connected in series to each other in parallel. In this example, the first winding 6a and the second winding 6b are connected in series, the third winding 6c and the fourth winding 6d are connected in series, and these two sets of windings are connected in parallel. It is a 2 parallel electric circuit connected to.

  Specifically, the two parallel connection electric circuit 53 includes a wiring connecting the counterpart power supply electrode 46, the first counterpart input electrode 48a and the third counterpart input electrode 48c in parallel, and a first counterpart output electrode 49a. Wiring connecting the second counterpart input electrode 48b, the second counterpart output electrode 49b, the fourth counterpart output electrode 49d, and the counterpart short-circuit electrode 47 in parallel, and a third counterpart output electrode 49c and a fourth mating input electrode 48d.

  As shown in FIG. 7C, the 4-parallel connection circuit unit 44 is also different in that it includes a 4-parallel connection electric circuit 54 in place of the series-connection electric circuit 52. This is the same as the serial connection circuit section 42. The 4-parallel-connection electrical circuit 54 is a 4-parallel electrical circuit that connects the four windings 6a to 6d in parallel to each other.

  Specifically, the 4-parallel-connection electric circuit 54 includes wirings connecting the first to fourth counterpart input electrodes 48a to 48d and the counterpart power supply electrode 46 in parallel, and first to fourth counterpart outputs. It has the wiring which connects the electrodes 49a-49d and the other party short-circuiting electrode 47 in parallel.

  With this configuration, when the movable body 22 is set at the serial connection position, the connection portions 30u to 30w of the apparatus body 20 and the serial connection circuit portions 42 of the counterpart connection portions 40u to 40w face each other, and each connection The electrodes 32, 33, 34a to 34d, and 35a to 35d of the parts 30u to 30w are in contact with the electrodes 46, 47, 48a to 48d, and 49a to 49d of the series connection circuit part 42. As a result, the windings 6a to 6d belonging to the winding groups 5u to 5w of the electric motor 1A are connected in series by the series connection electric circuit 52.

  Further, when the movable body 22 is set at the first parallel connection position, the connection portions 30u to 30w of the apparatus body 20 and the two parallel connection circuit portions 43 of the counterpart connection portions 40u to 40w face each other. The electrodes 32, 33, 34 a to 34 d, 35 a to 35 d of the connection parts 30 u to 30 w and the electrodes 46, 47, 48 a to 48 d, 49 a to 49 d of the two parallel connection circuit parts 43 are in contact with each other. As a result, the windings 6a to 6d belonging to the winding groups 5u to 5w of the motor 1A are connected in parallel by the two parallel connection electric circuit 53, that is, the first winding 6a and the second winding 6b. Are connected in series, the third winding 6c and the fourth winding 6d are connected in series, and the two sets of windings are connected in parallel.

  When the movable body 22 is set at the second parallel connection position (position shown in FIG. 3), the four parallel connection circuit portions 44 of the connection portions 30u to 30w and the counterpart connection portions 40u to 40w of the apparatus body 20 are provided. And the respective electrodes 32, 33, 34a to 34d, 35a to 35d of the respective connection portions 30u to 30w and the respective electrodes 46, 47, 48a to 48d, 49a to 49d of the respective four parallel connection circuit portions 44. Contact. Thereby, the electric circuit 54 for 4 parallel connection will be in the state by which the coil | windings 6a-6d which belong to each coil group 5u-5w of 1 A of motors were mutually connected in parallel, ie, the state connected by 4 parallel.

  In addition, the space | interval of the up-down direction of each circuit part 42-44 of the U-phase other party connection part 40u is larger than the dimension of the up-down direction Z of each electrode 32, 33, 34a-34d, 35a-35d of the U-phase connection part 30u. It is set large. The intervals between the circuit portions 42 to 44 of the V-phase counterpart connection portion 40v and the W-phase counterpart connection portion 40w are set in the same manner. As a result, among the circuit portions 42 to 44, the electrodes 46, 47, 48 a to 48 d and 49 a to 49 d, which are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, The simultaneous contact with -35d is prevented.

  Although not shown in detail, the drive device 24 is constituted by, for example, a screw feed mechanism using a servo motor as a drive source, and the movable body 22 is moved in the vertical direction with respect to the device main body 20 by the drive of the servo motor. It is configured to let you.

  The control device 12 is composed of a microcomputer that includes a CPU that executes logical operations, a ROM that stores various programs for controlling the CPU, a RAM that temporarily stores various data, and other input / output circuits. By controlling the driving device 24 based on prestored conditions, that is, by switching the movable body 22 to the serial connection position, the 2 parallel connection position, and the 4 parallel connection position, the U phase of the electric motor 1A, It is configured to switch the connection state of the windings 6a to 6d belonging to the V-phase and W-phase winding groups 5u to 5w.

  According to the motor drive device as described above, the position of the movable body 22 of the winding switching device 11A is switched under the control of the control device 12, and as described above, the U phase, V phase, and W phase of the motor 1A. The connection states of the windings 6a to 6d belonging to the respective winding groups 5u to 5w are switched between series, 2 parallel and 4 parallel. According to such a configuration, the connection states of the windings 6a to 6d belonging to the winding groups 5u to 5w can be switched between series, 2 parallel, and 4 parallel without using many semiconductor switches as in the prior art. it can. Therefore, it is possible to change the output characteristics of the electric motor 1A with a lower cost configuration and without impairing the efficiency of the electric motor 1A.

  In particular, according to the configuration of the above-described winding switching device 11A, when the windings 6a to 6d belonging to the winding groups 5u to 5w are connected in parallel, two parallels and four parallels can be further selected. There is also an advantage that the degree of freedom in changing the output characteristics in the electric motor 1A can be increased while enjoying the above-described effects.

  Moreover, according to said winding switching device 11A, since each other party connection part 40u-40w moves integrally with the movement of the movable body 22, each winding group 5u-5w of U phase, V phase, and W phase There is also an advantage that the switching of the connection state of the windings 6a to 6d belonging to can be favorably performed without a time difference.

  In the above-described embodiment, each of the winding groups 5u to 5w of the electric motor 1A is formed so that all the coils C belonging to the same phase are arranged in series and are stacked on each other. For example, in the winding switching device 11A, each of the winding groups 5u to 5w includes a predetermined number of coils C belonging to the same phase, and the first to fourth windings divided from each other. The present invention can also be applied to an electric motor 1A including

  FIG. 8 shows an example of such an electric motor 1A (stator 2). As shown in the figure, the U-phase winding group 5u of the electric motor 1A includes four windings 6a 'to 6d' formed so that two coils C are arranged in series. Each of the four windings 6a ′ to 6d ′ is formed of one flat copper wire. Although not shown, the same applies to the V-phase winding group 5v and the W-phase winding group 5w.

  When the winding switching device 11A is applied to the electric motor 1A, the first ends E1 of the windings 6a 'to 6d' of the U-phase winding group 5u are respectively connected to the U-phase connection portion of the device body 20. It connects to each input electrode 34a-34d of 30u, and connects the 2nd end part E2 of each winding 6a'-6d 'of the U-phase winding group 5u to each output electrode 35a-35d of the U-phase connection part 30u. The windings 6a 'to 6d' of the V-phase winding group 5v are similarly connected to the V-phase connection portion 30v, and the windings 6a 'to 6d' of the W-phase winding group 5w are also connected to the W-phase connection portion 30w. Connect in the same way. In this way, by switching the position of the movable body 22 under the control of the control device 12, the connection states of the windings 6a 'to 6d' belonging to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase winding groups 5u to 5w are changed. It is possible to switch between series, 2 parallel and 4 parallel.

  In the first embodiment, any combination of the series connection circuit unit 42, the 2 parallel connection circuit unit 43, and the 4 parallel connection circuit unit 44 is combined with the first connection circuit unit and the first connection circuit unit of the present invention. This corresponds to a 2-connection circuit section. Therefore, any combination of the series connection electric circuit 52, the two parallel connection electric circuits 53, and the four parallel connection electric circuits 54 corresponds to the first electric circuit and the second electric circuit of the present invention. Moreover, each electrode 46, 47, 48a-48d, 49a-49d of each circuit part 42-43 is equivalent to the other party electrode of this invention.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the motor drive device according to the present invention (motor drive device to which the winding switching device according to the present invention is applied) will be described. In the following description, parts common to the configuration of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted or simplified, and differences are mainly described in detail.

  9 and 10 show the electric motor 1B applied to the electric motor drive device of the second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the stator 8 of the electric motor 1B, and FIG. 10 shows the rotor of the electric motor 1B. 7 are each schematically shown in plan view. This electric motor 1B also includes a rotor 7 having a rotating shaft (not shown) and a rotor body 7a fixed to the rotating shaft, and a stator 8, and the rotor body 7a and the stator 8 are axial directions of the rotating shaft (FIG. 9). This is a so-called axial gap type electric motor facing in the direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 10, on the stator facing surface of the rotor body 7a, an iron core portion 62 made of a soft magnetic material, an N-pole magnet 63, and an S-pole magnet 64 are arranged at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction. More specifically, on the stator facing surface of the rotor body 7a, the iron core portions 62 are provided at four positions spaced apart in the circumferential direction at equal intervals, and N is located at a position between the iron core portions 62 adjacent in the circumferential direction. The pole magnet 63 and the S pole magnet 64 are provided in a state of being arranged in the circumferential direction. The N pole and the S pole are magnetic poles (facing magnetic poles) on the surface of the magnet facing the data.

  Here, the N-pole magnet 63 and the S-pole magnet 64 are arranged so that the magnetic poles of those adjacent to one iron core portion 62 are the same. Specifically, the S · N-iron core portion 62 -N · S-iron core portion 62 -S · N-iron core portion 62 -N · S-iron core portion 62 are arranged in the circumferential direction in this order. With this configuration, when the iron core portion 62 is excited to the same magnetic pole as the magnets located on both sides thereof, the rotor body 7a has a four-pole structure, and the iron core portion 62 is excited to a different magnetic pole from the magnets located on both sides thereof. Then, the rotor body 7a has a 12-pole structure. Specifically, when the iron core portion 62 in which the N-pole magnet 63 is arranged on both sides is excited to the N-pole, and the iron core portion 62 in which the S-pole magnet 64 is arranged on both sides is excited to the S-pole, As shown in FIG. 11A, the rotor body 7a has a four-pole structure. On the other hand, when the iron core 62 in which the N-pole magnet 63 is arranged on both sides is excited to the S pole and the iron core 62 in which the S-pole magnet 64 is arranged on both sides is excited to the N pole, FIG. As shown in b), the rotor body 7a has a 12-pole structure.

  The stator 8 includes a plurality of (18 in the illustrated example) stator cores 60 arranged in the circumferential direction and a plurality of windings w1 to w9 each having a coil mounted (wound) on each stator core 60. Specifically, among the first to eighteenth coils C1 to C18, there are provided first to ninth windings w1 to w9 formed so that two coils positioned in the radial direction are arranged in series. . That is, the first winding w1 is a winding formed such that the first coil C1 and the tenth coil C10 positioned in the radial direction are arranged in series, and the second winding w2 is in the radial direction. The winding is formed such that the second coil C2 and the eleventh coil C11 that are positioned are arranged in series.

  A first end E1 which is an end on the current (power) input side and a second end E2 which is an end on the current (power) output side of each of the windings w1 to w9 are connected to a later-described winding switching device 11B. The phase of the power supplied to the coils C1 to C18 of the stator 8 is switched by switching the connection state of the windings w1 to w9 by the winding switching device 11B. By switching, the rotor body 7a (electric motor 1B) can be switched between the four-pole state shown in FIG. 11 (a) and the 12-pole state shown in FIG. 11 (b).

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12A, the windings w <b> 1 to w <b> 9 are connected so that three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction are set as one set, and electric power having different phases is supplied to each set. Thus, a magnetic field indicated by a broken line in FIG. 11A, that is, a magnetic field in which the iron core portion 62 is excited to the same magnetic pole as the magnets located on both sides thereof is formed, whereby the rotor body 7a is in a four-pole state. become. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12 (b), the windings w1 to w9 are connected so that powers having different phases are supplied to the three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction. A magnetic field indicated by a broken line, that is, a magnetic field in which the iron core portion 62 is excited by a magnetic pole different from the magnets located on both sides thereof, is formed, so that the rotor body 7a is in a 12-pole state.

  FIG. 13 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main part of the winding switching device 11B in the second embodiment, and FIG. 14 is a plan sectional view of the winding switching device 11A.

  This winding switching device 11B also includes a device main body 20, a movable body 22, and a driving device 24 (not shown), and the basic configuration is the same as the winding switching device 11A of the first embodiment. However, the winding switching device 11B of the second embodiment is different in configuration from the winding switching device 11A of the first embodiment in the following points.

  As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the U-phase connection portion 30u of the apparatus main body 20 includes first to ninth input electrodes 34a to 34i to which the first ends E1 of the windings w1 to w9 are connected, respectively. The first to ninth output electrodes 35a to 35d are connected to the second end portions E2, respectively. However, in this winding switching device 11B, the windings w1 to w9 are connected only to the U-phase connecting portion 30u. Although the V-phase connecting portion 30v and the W-phase connecting portion 30w include first to ninth input electrodes 34a to 34i and first to ninth output electrodes 35a to 35i, respectively, these electrodes are U-phase connecting portions 30u. Are respectively electrically connected (short-circuited) to electrodes corresponding to the vertical direction Z. In other words, the first input electrodes 34 a of the connection portions 30 u to 30 w are connected to each other via the short-circuited electric wires 66, and the second input electrodes 34 b of the connection portions 30 u to 30 w are connected to each other via the short-circuited electric wires 66. Yes. The same applies to the other third to ninth input electrodes 34d to 34i of the connection portions 30u to 30w. The same applies to the output electrodes 35 a to 35 i of the connection portions 30 u to 30 w, and the electrodes corresponding to the vertical direction Z are connected to each other via the short-circuit wire 66.

  The movable body 22 has U-phase to W-phase counterpart connection portions 40u to 40w.

  Each counterpart connection section 40u to 40w includes a series 12-pole connection circuit section 71, a parallel 12-pole connection circuit section 72, a series 4-pole connection circuit section 73, and a parallel 4-pole connection circuit section 74 in order from the top. It has a four-layer structure. The circuit portions 71 to 74 of the respective counterpart side connection portions 40u to 40w are spaced in the vertical direction Z so that the same type of circuit portion faces the connection portions 30u to 30w as the movable body 22 moves up and down. Is set.

  In the following description, the position of the movable body 22 when the serial 12-pole connection circuit portion 71 of each counterpart connection portion 40u to 40w faces each of the connection portions 30u to 30w is referred to as a serial 12-pole connection position. The position of the movable body 22 when the parallel 12-pole connection circuit portion 72 of each counterpart connection portion 40u to 40w faces each connection portion 30u to 30w is referred to as a parallel 12-pole connection position, and each counterpart connection portion 40u. The position of the movable body 22 when the circuit part 73 for series 4-pole connection of ˜40w faces each connection part 30u-30w is referred to as the series 4-pole connection position, and the parallel 4-pole connection of each counterpart connection part 40u-40w. The position of the movable body 22 when the circuit unit 74 faces the connection units 30u to 30w is referred to as a parallel 4-pole connection position. FIG. 13 shows a state in which the movable body 22 is set at the series 12-pole connection position.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the circuit units 71 to 74 of the counterpart connection units 40 u to 40 w of the second embodiment include the counterpart power supply electrode 46 that contacts the power supply electrode 32 of the apparatus body 20 and the short-circuit electrode 33. , The first to ninth counterpart input electrodes 48a to 48i contacting the first to ninth input electrodes 34a to 34i, respectively, and the first to ninth output electrodes 35a. To the other side output electrodes 49a to 49i that are in contact with each other, and between the power supply electrode 32 and the short-circuit electrode 33, the electrodes 6a to 6d are connected in a predetermined connection state. 48i and 49a to 49i are common in that they are provided, but the electric circuits 65 of the circuit units 71 to 74 are all different.

  FIG. 17 is a table summarizing the configuration of the electric circuit 65 included in each of the circuit units 71 to 74 of the U-phase to W-phase counterpart connection units 40u to 40w. In FIG. 17, for distinction, “u” is added to the reference numerals of the circuit parts 71 to 74 of the U-phase counterpart side connection part 40 u, and the circuit parts 71 to 74 of the V-phase counterpart side connection part 40 v are assigned. “V” is attached to the reference numeral, and “w” is attached to each circuit unit 71 to 74 of the W-phase counterpart side connection unit 40 w.

  Here, the electric circuit 65 of each circuit part 71-74 of each other party connection part 40u-40w is demonstrated, referring FIG. 14 and FIG.

<Serial 12-pole connection circuit unit 71>
The electric circuit 65 of each serial 12-pole connection circuit section 71u to 71w is as shown in the uppermost stage of FIG. These electric circuits 65 are an electric circuit for bringing the rotor body 7a into a 12-pole state shown in FIG. 11B, that is, three coils continuous in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. Is an electric circuit that connects the windings w1 to w9 in series so that different phases of power are supplied to each other, and is configured by a simple wiring such as a bus bar or a printed wiring.

  Specifically, as shown in the figure, the electric circuit 65 of the series 12-pole connection circuit portion 71u of the U-phase counterpart connection portion 40u includes a first winding w1 and a fourth winding with respect to the U-phase power supply. The w4 and the seventh winding w7 are connected in series, and the electric circuit 65 of the series 12-pole connection circuit portion 71v of the V-phase counterpart connection portion 40v is connected to the second winding w2 and the fifth winding with respect to the V-phase power supply. The wire w5 and the seventh winding w8 are connected in series, and the electric circuit 65 of the serial 12-pole connection circuit portion 71w of the W-phase counterpart connection portion 40w is connected to the third winding w3, Wirings are formed so as to connect the winding w6 and the ninth winding w9 in series.

  In this winding switching device 11B, each of the windings w1 to w9 is connected only to the input electrodes 34a to 34i and the output electrodes 35a to 35i of the U-phase connecting portion 30u, but as described above, the V-phase connecting portion 30v. And since each input electrode 34a-34i of W phase connection part 30w and each input electrode 34a-34i of U phase connection part 30u are electrically connected via short circuit wire 66, each winding w1-w9 The above connection is achieved without any problems.

<Parallel 12-pole connection circuit 72>
The electric circuit 65 of each parallel 12-pole connection circuit section 72u to 72w is as shown in the second stage from the top in FIG. These electric circuits 65 are the same as the electric circuits 65 of the series 12-pole connection circuit portions 71u to 71w in that the electric circuit 65 is an electric circuit for bringing the rotor body 7a into the 12-pole state shown in FIG. However, it differs from the electric circuit 65 of the series 12-pole connection circuit portions 71u to 71w in that the windings w1 to w9 are connected in parallel.

  Specifically, as shown in the figure, the electric circuit 65 of the parallel 12-pole connection circuit unit 72u of the U-phase counterpart connection unit 40u includes a first winding w1 and a fourth winding with respect to the U-phase power supply. The w4 and the seventh winding w7 are connected in parallel, and the electric circuit 65 of the parallel 12-pole connection circuit portion 72v of the V-phase counterpart side connection portion 40v is connected to the second winding w2 and the fifth winding with respect to the V-phase power supply. The wire w5 and the seventh winding w8 are connected in parallel, and the electric circuit 65 of the parallel 12-pole connection circuit portion 72w of the W-phase mating side connection portion 40w has the third winding w3, Wirings are formed so as to connect the winding w6 and the ninth winding w9 in parallel.

<Series Four-Pole Connection Circuit Unit 73>
The electric circuit 65 of each of the series quadrupole connection circuit portions 73u to 73w is as shown in the third row from the top in FIG. These electric circuits 65 are an electric circuit for bringing the rotor body 7a into the four-pole state shown in FIG. 11A, that is, three coils continuous in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. Is an electric circuit that connects the windings w1 to w9 in series so that different phases of electric power are supplied to each set, and is configured by a simple wiring such as a bus bar or a printed wiring.

  Specifically, as shown in the figure, the electric circuit 65 of the series quadrupole connection circuit portion 73u of the U-phase counterpart connection portion 40u includes a first winding w1 and a second winding with respect to the U-phase power supply. The w2 and the third winding w3 are connected in series, and the electric circuit 65 of the series quadrupole connection circuit portion 73v of the V-phase counterpart side connection portion 40v has a fourth winding w4 and a fifth winding with respect to the V-phase power supply. The wire w5 and the sixth winding w are connected in series, and the electric circuit 65 of the series four-pole connection circuit portion 73w of the W-phase mating side connection portion 40w has a seventh winding w7, Wirings are formed so as to connect the winding w8 and the ninth winding w9 in series.

<Parallel 4-pole connection circuit 74>
The electric circuit 65 of each parallel 4 pole connection circuit part 74u-74w is as showing in the lowest stage of FIG. These electric circuits 65 are the same as the electric circuits 65 of the series four-pole connection circuit portions 73u to 73w in that they are electric circuits for bringing the rotor body 7a into the four-pole state shown in FIG. However, it differs from the electric circuit 65 of the series quadrupole connection circuit portions 73u to 73w in that the windings w1 to w9 are connected in parallel.

  Specifically, as shown in the figure, the electric circuit 65 of the parallel 4-pole connection circuit unit 74u of the U-phase mating side connection unit 40u includes a first winding w1 and a second winding w2 with respect to the U-phase power supply. And the third winding w3 are connected in parallel, and the electric circuit 65 of the parallel four-pole connection circuit portion 74v of the V-phase counterpart connection portion 40v has a fourth winding w4 and a fifth winding w5 with respect to the V-phase power supply. And the sixth winding w6 are connected in parallel, and the electric circuit 65 of the parallel four-pole connection circuit portion 74w of the W-phase counterpart connection portion 40w has a seventh winding w7 and an eighth winding w8 with respect to the W-phase power supply. And the ninth winding w9 are connected to each other in parallel.

  When the movable body 22 is set in the serial 12-pole connection position or the parallel 12-pole connection circuit section 72 by the configuration of the circuit units 71 to 74 (electric circuit 65), as shown in FIG. The windings w1 to w9 of the stator 8 are electrically connected so that power of different phases is supplied to three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction, and the movable body 22 is connected in series with the four-pole connection position, Or, when set to the parallel 4-pole connection position, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), as a set of three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction, different phases of power are supplied to each set. The windings w1 to w9 of the stator 8 are electrically connected. That is, the rotor main body 7a (electric motor 1B) is switched between the 12-pole state and the 4-pole state by switching the connection state of the windings w1 to w9 by the winding switching device 11B as described above.

  According to the motor drive device of the second embodiment as described above, the position of the movable body 22 of the winding switching device 11B is switched under the control of the control device 12, and as described above, the rotor body 7a (the motor 1B). ) Can be switched between a 12-pole state and a 4-pole state. Therefore, the output characteristics of the electric motor 1B can be changed favorably. That is, in the relatively low rotation range, the rotor body 7a has a multi-pole (12-pole) structure to generate a large torque, and in the high rotation range, the number of poles is reduced (with a 4-pole structure) to achieve good high-speed rotation. It becomes possible. And also in such 2nd Embodiment, since the connection state of the windings w1-w9 can be switched without using many semiconductor switches like before, it is an inexpensive structure, and the electric motor 1B It becomes possible to change the output characteristic of the electric motor 1B without impairing the efficiency.

  In particular, according to the winding switching device 11B of the second embodiment, the motor 1B is not simply switched between the 12-pole state and the 4-pole state, but in the 12-pole state and the 4-pole state, respectively. Since the connection states of the lines w1 to w9 can be switched between series and parallel, there is an advantage that the degree of freedom in changing the output characteristics in the electric motor 1B can be increased. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 15, the series 12-pole connection circuit unit 71, the parallel 12-pole connection circuit unit 72, the series 4-pole connection circuit unit 73, and the like in order from one end in the vertical direction Z (upper side in this example). Since the parallel 4-pole connection circuit portions 74 are arranged, there is an advantage that the electric motor 1B can be smoothly driven. That is, in the electric motor 1B, the generated torque (maximum torque) and the counter electromotive force are reduced in the order of 12 poles in series, 12 poles in parallel, 4 poles in series, and 4 poles in parallel. Therefore, according to the arrangement as described above, the movable body 22 is sequentially switched from the serial 12-pole connection position to the parallel 4-pole connection position, thereby suppressing torque shock and increasing the rotation speed from low to high. It becomes possible to drive the electric motor 1B very smoothly.

  In the second embodiment, any combination of the series 12-pole connection circuit unit 71, the parallel 12-pole connection circuit unit 72, the series 4-pole connection circuit unit 73, and the parallel 4-pole connection circuit unit 74 is provided. These correspond to the first connection circuit portion and the second connection circuit portion of the present invention. Therefore, any two combinations of the electric circuits 65 of the circuit units 71 to 74 correspond to the first electric circuit and the second electric circuit of the present invention. Moreover, each electrode 46, 47, 48a-48i, 49a-49i of each circuit part 42-43 is equivalent to the other party electrode of this invention.

  Further, in the second embodiment, the structure of the rotor 7 shown in FIG. 10 has been described. However, in the iron core portion 62, a magnet 622 (in FIG. 10 and FIG. It is also possible to replace it with brackets). Specifically, the magnet 622 is a magnet that can reverse or demagnetize the magnetic poles, and the rotor 7 has 4 poles or 12 poles in accordance with the pole number switching timing of the winding switching device 11B. In order to achieve this, a magnetic field can be switched by applying a strong magnetic field to the magnet 622 instantaneously.

Although the electric motor drive device according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the electric motor drive device of this embodiment and the winding switching devices 11A and 11B applied thereto are the electric motor drive device according to the present invention. Further, it is an example of a preferred embodiment of the winding switching device, and its specific configuration can be appropriately changed without departing from the ease of the present invention.

  For example, the winding switching devices 11A and 11B of the above embodiments are configured to switch the connection state of the windings by moving the movable body 22 in the vertical direction Z. In other words, the movable body 22 is configured as follows. However, the winding switching device may be configured so that the switching direction is the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) or the rotation direction.

  Moreover, in the said 1st Embodiment, the movable body 22 has each connection part 40u-40w provided with the circuit part 42 for series connection, the circuit part 43 for parallel connection, and the circuit part 44 for 4 parallel connection, respectively. For example, the movable body 22 fixes the electrodes 46, 47, 48 a to 48 d, 49 a to 49 d of the circuit units 42 to 43 to the side surface of the casing 41, and The electric circuit 52 to 54 of each of the circuit portions 42 to 44 may be formed by wiring such as, and the inside of the housing 41 may be filled with a nonconductive resin. The same applies to the movable body 22 of the second embodiment. According to such a configuration, the internal integrity of the movable body 22 is improved, which is advantageous in increasing the structural stability and strength of the movable body 22 when it is required to switch the movable body 22 at a high speed.

  Further, in the winding switching device 11A (11B) of each of the embodiments described above, the winding switching device 11A (11B) is provided outside the electric motor 1A (1B), but may be provided inside the winding switching device 11A (11B).

  Furthermore, although the above-described electric motor 1B has been described with respect to a magnet type synchronous motor in which the configuration of the winding switching device 11B is complicated because it has a magnet in the rotor as an example, it is not limited to this motor type. For example, the winding switching device 11B can be applied to an induction machine, SRM, SynRM, or the like that has a simpler system that does not have a magnet in the rotor.

1A, 1B Electric motor 6a 1st winding 6b 2nd winding 6c 3rd winding 6d 4th winding 11A, 11B Winding switching device 13 Inverter 20 Device body 22 Movable body 24 Drive device 30u U phase connection portion 30v V phase Connection unit 30w W-phase connection unit 40u U-phase mating side connection unit 40v V-phase mating side connection unit 40w W-phase mating side connection unit 42 Series connection circuit unit 43 2 Parallel connection circuit unit 44 4 Parallel connection circuit unit 52 Series connection Electrical circuit 53 2 Electrical circuit for parallel connection 54 4 Electrical circuit for parallel connection

Claims (12)

A winding switching device for switching a connection state of the plurality of windings in an electric motor including a plurality of windings each including a coil and having a first end and a second end,
A device body having an inner space extending in the uniaxial direction, a movable body which the uniaxial direction which is held in the device body so as to be displaceable along the inner surface of the apparatus main body as a switching direction, device main body and the movable A drive device that relatively displaces the body in the switching direction,
The device main body has the first end portion and the second end portion of the plurality of windings at the same position in the switching direction on the inner side surface of the device main body and at different positions in the circumferential direction of the inner side surface. A plurality of connection electrodes connected to each other, a power supply electrode for power input, and a short-circuit electrode for neutral point formation,
The movable body, the comprises a first connection circuit part and the second connection circuit section arranged in the switching direction, and the first connection position and a second connection circuit for the circuit part for the first connection is opposed to the respective electrodes The portion is displaceable in the switching direction across the second connection position facing each electrode,
The first connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the first connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively. And a first electric circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a first connection state between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode,
The second connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the second connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively. And a second electric connecting the counterpart electrodes such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a second connection state different from the first connection state between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode. A winding switching device comprising a circuit. In the winding switching device according to claim 1,
The first electric circuit is an electric circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in series.
The second electric circuit is an electric circuit that connects each counterpart electrode so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in parallel. In the winding switching device according to claim 1,
The first electric circuit is an electric circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected by a predetermined connection method of either series or parallel. The second electric circuit is An electrical circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in the same connection system as the predetermined connection system and in a form different from the first electrical circuit; A winding switching device characterized by that. In the winding switching device according to claim 3,
The plurality of windings are four windings;
The first electric circuit is a four parallel electric circuit that connects four windings in parallel with each other;
The second electric circuit is a two-parallel electric circuit that connects two sets of four windings connected in series, and connects two sets of windings in parallel. In the winding switching device according to claim 2 or 3,
The motor is a three-phase AC motor having a U-phase winding group, a V-phase winding group and a W-phase winding group each including the plurality of windings,
The apparatus body includes a plurality of connection electrodes, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, respectively, and a U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion that are arranged in the switching direction.
The movable body includes the first connection circuit portion and the second connection circuit portion, respectively, and is arranged in the switching direction in the same arrangement as the U-phase connection portion, the V-phase connection portion, and the W-phase connection portion. It is provided with a counterpart connection part, a V-phase counterpart connection part, and a W-phase counterpart connection part,
The winding switching device, wherein the short-circuit electrodes of the connection portions are connected to each other to form a neutral point. In the winding switching device according to claim 3,
The movable body further includes a third connection circuit section arranged in the switching direction, and the third connection circuit section extends in the switching direction across a third connection position facing each electrode of the apparatus body. Displaceable,
The third connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the third connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively. And connecting each counterpart electrode such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a third connection state different from the first and second connection states between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode. A third electrical circuit,
The plurality of windings includes four windings;
The first electric circuit is a four series electric circuit in which four windings are connected in series,
The second electric circuit is a four parallel electric circuit that connects four windings in parallel with each other,
The third electric circuit is a two-parallel electric circuit for connecting two sets of windings in which two of the four windings are connected in series to each other in parallel. In the winding switching device according to claim 6,
The motor is a three-phase AC motor having a U-phase winding group, a V-phase winding group and a W-phase winding group each including the plurality of windings,
The apparatus body includes a plurality of connection electrodes, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, respectively, and a U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion that are arranged in the switching direction.
The movable body includes the first connection circuit unit, the second connection circuit unit, and the third connection circuit unit, respectively, and has the same arrangement as the U-phase connection unit, the V-phase connection unit, and the W-phase connection unit. A U-phase counterpart connection section, a V-phase counterpart connection section, and a W-phase counterpart connection section arranged in the switching direction;
The winding switching device, wherein the short-circuit electrodes of the connection portions are connected to each other to form a neutral point. In the winding switching device according to claim 1,
The electric motor is a three-phase AC electric motor,
The apparatus body includes a plurality of connection electrodes, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, respectively, and a U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion that are arranged in the switching direction.
The movable body includes the first connection circuit portion and the second connection circuit portion, respectively, and is arranged in the switching direction in the same arrangement as the U-phase connection portion, the V-phase connection portion, and the W-phase connection portion. It is provided with a counterpart connection part, a V-phase counterpart connection part, and a W-phase counterpart connection part,
The first electric circuit is an electric circuit that connects the mating electrodes so that different phases of power are supplied to the three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction.
The second electrical circuit is an electrical circuit that connects three counterpart electrodes so that different phases of power are supplied to each set of three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction. Winding switching device. A winding switching device for switching a connection state of the plurality of windings in an electric motor including a plurality of windings each including a coil and having a first end and a second end,
An apparatus main body having an internal space extending in a uniaxial direction, a movable body held by the apparatus main body so as to be displaceable along the inner surface of the apparatus main body with the uniaxial direction as a switching direction, and the apparatus main body movable A drive device that relatively displaces the body in the switching direction,
The device main body has the first end portion and the second end portion of the plurality of windings at the same position in the switching direction on the inner side surface of the device main body and at different positions in the circumferential direction of the inner side surface. A plurality of connection electrodes connected to each other, a power supply electrode for power input, and a short-circuit electrode for neutral point formation,
The movable body includes a first connection circuit section, a second connection circuit section, a third connection circuit section, and a fourth connection circuit section arranged in the switching direction, and the first connection circuit section A first connection position facing the electrodes, a second connection position where the second connection circuit portion faces each of the electrodes, a third connection position where the third connection circuit portion faces each of the electrodes, and a fourth The connection circuit portion is displaceable in the switching direction across the fourth connection position facing each of the electrodes,
The first connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the first connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively. And a first electric circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes so that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a first connection state between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode,
The second connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the second connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively. And a second electric connecting the counterpart electrodes such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a second connection state different from the first connection state between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode. With circuit,
The third connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the third connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively. And connecting each counterpart electrode such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a third connection state different from the first and second connection states between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode. A third electrical circuit,
The fourth connection circuit section is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the movable body, and when the movable body is disposed at the fourth connection position, a plurality of counterpart electrodes that are in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively. And connecting each counterpart electrode such that the plurality of windings are electrically connected in a fourth connection state different from the first to third connection states between the power supply electrode and the short-circuit electrode. A fourth electrical circuit,
The electric motor is a three-phase AC electric motor,
The apparatus body includes a plurality of connection electrodes, the power supply electrode, and the short-circuit electrode, respectively, and a U-phase connection portion, a V-phase connection portion, and a W-phase connection portion that are arranged in the switching direction.
The movable body includes the first connection circuit unit, the second connection circuit unit, the third connection circuit unit, and the fourth connection circuit unit, and the U-phase connection unit and the V-phase connection unit. And a U-phase counterpart connection portion, a V-phase counterpart connection portion and a W-phase counterpart connection portion arranged in the same switching direction as the W-phase connection portion,
The first electric circuit is an electric circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes so that different phases of power are supplied to three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction, and the windings are connected in series.
The second electrical circuit is an electrical circuit that connects the counterpart electrodes so that different phases of power are supplied to the three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction, and the windings are connected in parallel.
The third electric circuit connects three counterpart electrodes such that three coils continuous in the circumferential direction form one set, power of different phases is supplied to each set, and the windings are connected in series. An electrical circuit,
The fourth electric circuit includes three coils that are continuous in the circumferential direction as a set, and powers of different phases are supplied to each set, and the counterpart electrodes are connected so that the windings are connected in parallel. A winding switching device characterized by being an electric circuit. In the winding switching device according to claim 8 or 9 ,
The electric motor includes a stator having a plurality of coils arranged in the circumferential direction, and a core portion adjacent to the plurality of iron core portions that are arranged to face the stator and are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. And a rotor provided with two permanent magnets arranged opposite to each other in the circumferential direction and having different facing magnetic poles that are opposite to each other and facing each other, and adjacent to one iron core portion. A winding switching device, wherein permanent magnets are arranged so that the facing magnetic poles are the same. In the winding switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 ,
A winding switching device comprising a biasing member that biases the connection electrode, the power supply electrode, the short-circuit electrode, and the counterpart electrode in a direction in contact with each other. An electric motor comprising a plurality of windings each including a coil and having a first end and a second end;
The winding switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 11 ,
A power supply device connected to the power supply electrode of the winding switching device;
An electric motor comprising: a control device that switches the position of the movable body between the first connection position and the second connection position by controlling the driving device based on a predetermined condition. Drive device.