JP6427828B2 - Rotating machine and control method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating machine and a control method thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART Conventionally, rotating machines, such as a motor, provided with the rotor part supported rotatably and the stator part arrange | positioned on the outer side of a rotor part are known. In the rotating machine, since the rotor part rotates, it is difficult to detect the temperature by a contact method.

Patent Document 1 describes a technique in which a non-contact temperature sensor is installed in a housing and the temperature in the vicinity of the magnet of the rotor portion is measured.
Patent Document 2 describes a technique in which an eddy current conductor is provided at a temperature detection portion, and an eddy current demagnetizing field generated by the eddy current is detected by an eddy current demagnetizing field detecting means such as a coil.

JP 2001-128414 A JP2013-167519A

As the non-contact type temperature sensor, there are a thermistor method, an infrared method, and the like, but it is necessary to arrange the temperature sensor close to the temperature detection part. For this reason, there is a problem that it is difficult to improve the temperature detection accuracy due to the distance between the temperature sensor and the temperature detection site or the influence of the intervening fluid.
When using an eddy current, detecting the temperature based on the demagnetizing field has a problem that the accuracy is limited by the detection accuracy of the magnetic sensor.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said situation, and makes it a subject to provide the rotating machine which can detect a driving | running load with high precision by non-contact, and its control method.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention described in claim 1 includes an end face plate (for example, the end face plate 16 in the embodiment) in which a through hole (for example, the through hole 16a in the embodiment) is formed, and the through hole. A magnet (for example, magnet 15 in the embodiment) exposed in the hole, a surface layer (for example, surface layer 21 in the embodiment) including a chromic molecule formed on the surface of the magnet that is a temperature detection portion , and the surface And a detector (for example, the detector 22 in the embodiment) for detecting information related to the color of the layer.

  The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that the rotating machine is an electric motor (for example, the electric motor 10 in the embodiment).

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the surface layer is formed at a location related to a magnet (for example, the magnet 15 in the embodiment) provided in the rotor section (for example, the rotor portion 12 in the embodiment). It is characterized by.

  The invention described in claim 4 includes a control unit (for example, the control unit 24 in the embodiment) that changes the operation state of the rotating machine according to the information detected by the detector.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the detector includes an optical filter unit (for example, the optical filter unit 25 in the embodiment) that filters a color tone of a fluid existing between the surface layer and the detector. It is characterized by.

  The invention described in claim 6 includes a step of detecting information related to the color of the surface layer by the detector, and a step of changing an operating state of the rotating machine according to the information. To do.

  According to the first aspect of the invention, the color change accompanying the temperature change of the surface layer is detected by detecting information related to the color of the surface layer including the chromic molecules formed on the surface of the temperature detection site. be able to. Thereby, the temperature change of the temperature detection part or the operating load of the rotating machine can be detected.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the rotating machine is an electric motor, by applying the present invention, an excessive operating load of the electric motor can be avoided.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, the temperature change of the magnet can be detected because the surface layer is formed at a location related to the magnet provided in the rotor portion. For example, an increase in temperature can be detected before reaching a temperature at which the magnet demagnetizes.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, it is possible to suppress the operation of the rotating machine when the temperature of the temperature detection part or the operating load of the rotating machine is high. Moreover, when the temperature of the temperature detection part or the operating load of the rotating machine is low, the ability of the rotating machine can be exhibited to a higher degree.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, by filtering the color tone of the fluid existing between the surface layer and the detector, the influence of the color tone of the fluid can be suppressed and the temperature detection accuracy can be increased.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, after detecting information related to the color of the surface layer by the detector, the operating state of the rotating machine is changed according to this information, thereby increasing the temperature of the temperature detection portion. Alternatively, the operation of the rotating machine can be suppressed when the operating load of the rotating machine is high. Moreover, when the temperature rise of the temperature detection part or the operating load of the rotating machine is low, the ability of the rotating machine can be exhibited to a high degree.

It is sectional drawing of the electric motor in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the control method in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the vicinity of the temperature detection site | part in a reference example . It is sectional drawing which shows the vicinity of the temperature detection site | part in 1st Embodiment of this invention.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electric motor as a first embodiment of a rotating machine. As shown in FIG. 1, the electric motor 10 accommodates a rotor portion 12 that supports a shaft 11, a stator portion 13 that is provided outside the rotor portion 12, and a motor 19 that includes the rotor portion 12 and the stator portion 13. The housing 14 is provided. The shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a bearing or the like (not shown).

  The housing 14 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape so as to cover the entire rotor portion 12 and the stator portion 13. The motor 19 of the present embodiment is, for example, an inner rotor type motor, and has a cylindrical stator portion 13, a columnar rotor portion 12 disposed inside the stator portion 13, and a coaxial shape with the rotor portion 12. A shaft 11 is provided as an output shaft that is fixed and rotatably supported.

  The rotor part 12 has a magnet 15 on the outer peripheral part close to the stator part 13. The magnet 15 is a permanent magnet containing a rare earth such as neodymium. The magnet 15 may be divided into a plurality of parts. By dividing the magnet 15 of the rotor unit 12 into a plurality of parts, eddy current loss generated in the magnet 15 can be reduced.

  The end surface 12 a of the rotor part 12 and the end surface 14 a of the housing 14 are opposed to each other in the axial direction of the shaft 11. A surface layer 21 containing chromic molecules is formed on the end surface 12 a of the rotor portion 12. A detector 22 that detects information related to the color of the surface layer 21 is provided on the end surface 14 a of the housing 14. The surface layer 21 is provided in the vicinity of the magnet 15 provided in the rotor unit 12. The detector 22 is provided at a position where the detector 22 can face the surface layer 21.

  The surface layer 21 is provided on the entire circumference or a part along the circumferential direction of the rotor portion 12. When the surface layer 21 is continuously provided in the circumferential direction of the rotor portion 12, the detector 22 can always be opposed to the surface layer 21 when the rotor portion 12 rotates. The part related to the magnet may be a part that exhibits the same temperature change as the magnet 15 by heat transfer. For example, the surface layer 21 can be provided at one or two or more positions in contact with or close to the magnet 15. The planar pattern of the surface layer 21 is not particularly limited, such as a dot shape, a band shape, or a planar shape.

  When the end surface 12 a of the rotor portion 12 has a portion where the surface layer 21 does not exist but can face the detector 22, the color of the position is preferably a color different from that of the surface layer 21. For example, when the surface of the rotor portion 12 is a metal color and the surface layer 21 is chromatic or achromatic, the detector 22 recognizes the color of the surface of the rotor portion 12 and the color of the surface layer 21 separately. Can be configured.

  A chromic molecule is a substance that exhibits chromism (chromotropism) in which the color changes reversibly by an external stimulus such as temperature. For example, when the color changes reversibly with changes in temperature, it is called thermochromism. Examples of chromic molecules exhibiting thermochromism include organic compounds such as transition metal complexes having bidentate ligands such as diamines, transition metal complexes having isonitrile ligands, leuco dyes, spiropyrans, and salicylidene anilines. In addition, mercury iodide complexes are also known as substances exhibiting thermochromism, but chromic molecules that do not contain heavy metals such as mercury are preferred.

Examples of the bidentate ligand include alkylene diamines such as ethylene diamine, trimethylene diamine, and propylene diamine, and N-alkyl derivatives thereof.
Examples of the transition metal include copper and nickel.
The transition metal complex salt can contain anions such as perchlorate ions (ClO ₄ ⁻ ) and tetrafluoroborate ions (BF ₄ ⁻ ) as counter anions.
As an example of the transition metal complex salt, for example, a perchlorate salt of a copper-N, N-diethylethylenediamine complex (discoloration temperature is about 43 ° C.) can be mentioned.
In the case of a chromic molecule by a transition metal complex salt, chromic molecules having different discoloration temperatures can be obtained by the type or combination of transition metal, ligand, counter anion, etc., or a composite of two or more chromic molecules.

  The surface layer 21 can be composed of a coating film containing a chromic molecule, a resin layer, or the like. As a method of forming the surface layer 21 at the temperature detection site, a method of applying a paint containing a chromic molecule, a method of adhering a label having a layer containing a chromic molecule, and a composition containing a chromic molecule are formed at the temperature detection site. And a method of filling a recessed portion such as a groove or a hole.

  The layer or composition containing chromic molecules can be obtained, for example, by mixing or dispersing chromic molecules in a binder resin or the like. Examples of the binder resin include acrylic resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, fluororesin, silicone resin, cellulose resin, alkyd resin, melamine resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, and vinyl resin. It is preferable to select an appropriate resin from the viewpoints of heat resistance and oil resistance.

  Examples of the paint (ink, etc.) include a composition containing a solvent or dispersion medium such as water, alcohol, ketone, ester, etc. and capable of forming a film-like coating film by drying after application. It is also possible to form the surface layer 21 with a curable solventless paint. The paint may contain the binder resin. The application method is not particularly limited, but a method of applying a paint to a predetermined pattern by inkjet printing, screen printing, or the like is preferable. Dispersibility can be improved even when a material that is difficult to dissolve in the coating material is used as a chromic molecule or the like by dispersing the nanoparticles into an ink.

  The surface layer 21 may be configured by a label on which an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive is laminated. Examples of a method for forming a layer containing chromic molecules on a label include a method of applying a coating containing chromic molecules to a label based on plastic, paper, or the like.

Examples of the detector 22 include a wavelength sensor and a camera. Examples of the camera include an apparatus having an image sensor such as a CMOS and capable of acquiring color information for each of a plurality of pixels.
The wavelength range measured by the detector 22 includes an infrared region, a visible region, an ultraviolet region, or two or more of these. For this reason, in this specification, the information related to color includes not only the color in the narrow sense in the visible region but also the wavelength or intensity distribution in the infrared region or the ultraviolet region.

The component of the color information may be a spectroscopic wavelength and intensity, may be visual chromaticity and lightness, or may be an intensity at one or more predetermined wavelengths. When the detector 22 is an optical camera, information can be acquired for each of a plurality of primary colors such as RGB.
The color change due to the temperature of the chromic molecular color may change abruptly to show different colors at a predetermined threshold temperature, or the color may change gradually over a certain temperature range.
The detection of the color of the surface layer 21 by the detector 22 may be continuous on the time axis, or may be periodic or irregular.

  The discoloration of the surface layer 21 occurs reversibly with temperature. For example, when the color is changed from the first color to the second color when the temperature is increased, the color can be changed from the second color to the first color when the temperature is decreased. Depending on the type or combination of chromic molecules, it is possible to change to different colors at two or more different temperatures, or to detect two or more temperature ranges.

In addition to the detector 22, the electric motor 10 of FIG. 1 includes a control unit 24 that changes the rotation state of the rotor unit 12 according to information detected by the detector 22. The controller 24 can adopt a dedicated controller, but can also be provided in an engine control unit (ECU). Information detected by the detector 22 can be transmitted to the control unit 24 via a wired or wireless transmission path 23.
When the detector 22 is a camera, the control unit 24 can recognize the pattern of the surface layer 21 from an image composed of a plurality of pixels and remove an area other than the surface layer 21. The image may be a continuous video.

  According to this embodiment, by adding a system 20 including a surface layer 21 formed on the surface of the temperature detection portion, a detector 22 that detects the color of the surface layer 21, and a control unit 24 to the electric motor 10, Based on the temperature of the temperature detection part, the operating state of the rotating machine can be controlled. As a method for controlling the operating state of the rotating machine, for example, in the case of an electric motor, there is control of the amount of current supplied to the electric motor.

The detector 22 may include an optical filter unit 25 in order to filter the color tone of the fluid existing between the surface layer 21 and the detector 22. Examples of the fluid (liquid or gas) include automatic transmission fluid (ATF).
The optical filter unit 25 may be configured to remove the wavelength range corresponding to the color tone of the fluid and transmit the wavelength range corresponding to the color of the surface layer 21. Specific examples include a short pass filter that removes a wavelength range shorter than the transmission wavelength range, a long pass filter that removes a wavelength range longer than the transmission wavelength range, and a band pass filter that removes a wavelength range shorter and longer than the transmission wavelength range. Can be mentioned.

For example, when ATF is red, a method of removing the red wavelength region by the optical filter unit 25 or a method of using a chromic molecule that can be changed to a color that can be easily distinguished from the color of ATF is preferable. By using transparent ATF, the optical filter unit 25 can be omitted.
Examples of ATF include compositions mainly composed of lubricating oil such as synthetic oil and mineral oil, and cooling oil and containing various additives.

  Instead of providing the optical filter unit 25 in the detector 22, the color tone of the fluid may be filtered by calculating the difference between the information detected by the detector 22 and the color tone of the fluid by information processing by the control unit 24 or the like. it can. When the optical filter unit 25 is used, the information processing time is shortened and the control can be speeded up.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a control flowchart. In step S1, the color identification camera of the detector 22 is activated.
Next, in step S2, the detector 22 detects the chromic molecular color of the surface layer 21. When detecting the chromic molecular color, the chromic molecular color can be extracted from the pattern detected by the detector 22 by using an image recognition technique.

  Next, in step S3, it is determined whether or not the color of the chromic molecule is a color set as a color indicating the start of torque limit (start setting color). This determination can be made by comparing the color of the surface layer 21 with the start setting color recorded in advance in the control unit 24. As the start setting color, for example, when the operation control is performed for the purpose of avoiding the demagnetization of the magnet 15, the color of the surface layer 21 at the demagnetization temperature of the magnet 15 or a predetermined first threshold temperature lower than that is set. be able to. The demagnetization temperature of the magnet 15 is about 100 to 200 ° C. or about 150 ° C., for example, depending on the type of magnet.

  That is, when the temperature of the surface layer 21 detected from the color of the surface layer 21 is lower than the first threshold temperature, the determination result of S3 is No and it is determined that the torque limit is unnecessary (S8 in FIG. 2). Control ends (S7). Thereafter, the process returns from S7 to S2, and the detection of the chromic molecular color can be repeated regularly or irregularly until the determination result of S3 becomes Yes.

  On the other hand, when the temperature of the surface layer 21 detected from the color of the surface layer 21 is equal to or higher than the first threshold temperature, the determination result in S3 is Yes. Then, it progresses to process S4 and controls an electric current value by a torque limit. Thereby, the driving | operation of the motor 19 is suppressed and the temperature of the rotor part 12 falls gradually. While performing the torque limit, the color of the surface layer 21 by the detector 22 is detected regularly or irregularly.

  Next, in step S5, it is determined whether or not the color of the chromic molecule is a color (cancellation set color) set as a color representing the cancellation of the torque limit. This determination can be made by comparing the color of the surface layer 21 with the preset release color recorded in the control unit 24. For example, when the operation control is performed for the purpose of avoiding demagnetization of the magnet 15, the release setting color of the surface layer 21 at the predetermined second threshold temperature is equal to or lower than the temperature (first threshold temperature) indicated by the start setting color. Color can be set.

  That is, when the temperature of the surface layer 21 detected from the color of the surface layer 21 is equal to or lower than the second threshold temperature, the determination result in S5 is Yes, the torque limit is released (S6 in FIG. 2), and control is performed. Ends (S7). Thereafter, the process returns from S7 to S2, and the detection of the chromic molecular color can be repeated regularly or irregularly until the determination result of S3 becomes Yes.

  On the other hand, when the temperature of the surface layer 21 detected from the color of the surface layer 21 is higher than the second threshold temperature, the determination result in S5 is No. In this case, the torque limit in step S4 is continued until the determination result in S5 becomes Yes, and the current value is controlled.

  The accuracy of temperature detection in the present embodiment is required to have a lower error in determining whether the temperature is higher or lower than the threshold temperature compared to the threshold temperature set for operation control of the rotating machine. However, for example, in a range lower than the threshold temperature, it is not required to accurately measure the temperature value. Therefore, by detecting the temperature of the temperature detection site based on the change in the chromic molecular color, it is possible to detect the temperature change near the threshold temperature with high accuracy with a simple configuration.

Next, FIG. 3 shows the vicinity of the temperature detection portion in the reference example . In FIG. 3, an end face plate 16 is provided on the end face 12 a of the rotor portion 12, and a support plate 17 is provided on the end face plate 16 to ensure the shaft 11 is prevented from coming off. The end face plate 16 and the support plate 17 can be comprised, for example from metals, such as aluminum. The surface layer 21 is formed on the surface of the end plate 16 that presses the magnet 15. Since the heat of the magnet 15 is conducted to the end face plate 16, the change in the surface temperature of the end face plate 16 reflects the temperature change of the magnet 15.

According to the reference example , the temperature change of the magnet 15 can be detected based on the surface temperature of the end face plate 16 by detecting the color change of the surface layer 21 with the detector 22. Since the end face plate 16 is a metal plate, the surface treatment, the base treatment, and the like are easier than the magnet 15, and the adhesion force of the surface layer 21 can be increased. The position where the surface layer 21 is formed is preferably the position closest to the magnet 15. That is, the position where the magnet 15 and the surface layer 21 face the front and back of the end face plate 16 is preferable.

Next, FIG. 4 shows the vicinity of the temperature detection site in the first embodiment. In FIG. 4, the configuration of the end face plate 16 and the support plate 17 is the same as that of the reference example , but a through hole 16 a is formed in a part of the end face plate 16. The surface of the magnet 15 is exposed in the back of the through hole 16 a, and the surface layer 21 is formed on the surface of the magnet 15. According to this embodiment, the temperature change of the magnet 15 can be detected by detecting the color change of the surface layer 21 with the detector 22. Since the surface layer 21 is in contact with the magnet 15, the temperature difference between the magnet 15 and the surface layer 21 can be suppressed.

  The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention. That is, the specific structure and shape described in the embodiment are merely examples, and can be changed as appropriate.

  The device having the temperature detection part is not limited to the electric motor that generates the rotational force, and can be applied to various other machines such as a rotating machine having various rotating members and a mechanism having a reciprocating member. . The apparatus is not particularly limited, and examples include automobiles, other transportation equipment, and various industrial machines.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Electric motor, 11 ... Shaft, 12 ... Rotor part, 13 ... Stator part, 14 ... Housing, 15 ... Magnet, 21 ... Surface layer, 22 ... Detector, 24 ... Control part, 25 ... Optical filter part.

Claims (6)

An end face plate in which a through hole is formed, a magnet exposed in the through hole, a surface layer including a chromic molecule formed on the surface of the magnet that is a temperature detection portion , and information related to the color of the surface layer A rotating machine comprising: a detector for detecting   The rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating machine is an electric motor.   The rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer is formed at a location related to a magnet provided in the rotor portion.   The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a control unit that changes an operation state of the rotating machine according to information detected by the detector.   The rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the detector includes an optical filter unit that filters a color tone of a fluid existing between the surface layer and the detector.   The method for controlling a rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the detector detects information related to the color of the surface layer by the detector, and the rotating machine according to the information. And a step of changing the operating state.

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