JP6417855B2 - Liquid crystal display device and electronic device - Google Patents

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display device and an electronic device using an on-chip spacer (OCS).

  In general, in a projection display device such as a projector, light emitted from a light source is modulated by a transmissive (or reflective) liquid crystal display device and then projected onto a screen or the like by a projection lens.

  The liquid crystal display device as described above has an element structure in which a liquid crystal layer is sealed between a pair of substrates. A spacer (on-chip spacer: OCS) is arranged in a selective region between these substrates, and the distance (cell gap) between the substrates is controlled by this spacer (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). reference).

JP 2007-72114 A JP-A-2005-70530

  However, in the liquid crystal display devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example, when a moving image is displayed, an unintended display defect may occur due to disorder of the alignment state in the liquid crystal layer.

  The present disclosure has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a liquid crystal display device and an electronic apparatus that can suppress deterioration in display image quality due to the alignment state of the liquid crystal.

The first liquid crystal display device according to the present disclosure is two-dimensionally arranged along first and second directions orthogonal to each other on a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged to face each other, and Includes a plurality of pixels each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes in accordance with an applied voltage, and a first spacer and a second spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. It is. The pixel column along the third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions includes a plurality of first pixel columns in which the first spacers are periodically arranged, and the first pixel column. A plurality of second pixel columns in which second spacers are arranged at different arrangement periods, and in the first and second directions, the first spacers are arranged at a ratio of one for two pixels. It is what.
The second liquid crystal display device according to the present disclosure is two-dimensionally arranged along the first and second directions orthogonal to each other on the first substrate and the second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and Includes a plurality of pixels each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes in accordance with an applied voltage, and a first spacer and a second spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. It is. The pixel column along the third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions includes a plurality of first pixel columns in which the first spacers are periodically arranged, and the first pixel column. A plurality of second pixel columns in which second spacers are arranged at different arrangement periods, and in the first pixel column, the first spacers are arranged at a ratio of one to one pixel. is there.

The first and second electronic devices according to the present disclosure include the first and second liquid crystal display devices according to the present disclosure.

In the first and second liquid crystal display devices and electronic devices of the present disclosure, the third direction in which the plurality of spacers disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate are inclined from the first and second directions. In the selective pixel row along the line, at least one spacer is included in a range corresponding to the selective pixel. Here, for example, when the spacers are periodically arranged at intervals of several pixels, for example, there are pixel rows in which no spacers are arranged in a predetermined oblique direction. When a specific moving image is displayed, a display defect starting from a part of the image may occur due to the alignment disorder of the liquid crystal. Such display defects are chained along the diagonal direction, and as a result, linear display defects occur. On the other hand, by including at least one spacer within the range of selective pixels in the pixel column along the third direction, the chain of display defects as described above is suppressed by the spacer in the third direction. The occurrence of linear display defects is suppressed.

According to the first and second liquid crystal display devices and the electronic apparatus of the present disclosure, the plurality of spacers disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate are inclined from the first and second directions. In the selective pixel column along the direction of at least one spacer, at least one spacer is included in a range corresponding to the selective pixel. Accordingly, even when a display defect occurs due to the disorder of the alignment state of the liquid crystal along the third direction, the chain can be suppressed and the occurrence of a linear display defect can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress deterioration in display image quality due to the alignment state of the liquid crystal.

  The above content is an example of the present disclosure. The effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those described above, and may be other different effects or may include other effects.

3 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating an example of the pixel circuit illustrated in FIG. 1. It is sectional drawing showing the principal part structure of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. It is a plane schematic diagram showing the example of arrangement | positioning of the spacer shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the mechanism (display boundary part of white display and black display) of the display defect generation | occurrence | production by alignment disorder. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the mechanism of display defect generation | occurrence | production by alignment disorder (border part of white display, halftone display, and black display). It is a plane schematic diagram showing the example of arrangement of the spacer concerning a comparative example. FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view for explaining the occurrence of display failure in the arrangement example shown in FIG. 6. It is a figure which shows an example of a video display when a linear defect is observed in the example of arrangement shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a video display when a linear defect is observed in the example of arrangement shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a video display when a linear defect is not observed in the example of arrangement shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a video display when a linear defect is not observed in the example of arrangement shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the arrangement density of the spacer and the contrast ratio. It is a figure for demonstrating the contrast ratio at the time of arrange | positioning a spacer by one ratio with respect to 2 pixels (1/2 arrangement | positioning). It is a figure for demonstrating the contrast ratio at the time of arrange | positioning a spacer in the ratio of 1 with respect to 1 pixel (1/1 arrangement | positioning). FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view for explaining the operation of the spacer arrangement shown in FIG. 4. 10 is a schematic plan view illustrating an arrangement example of spacers according to Modification Example 1. FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view illustrating an arrangement example of spacers according to Modification 2. FIG. It is a figure showing an example of the electronic device (projection type display apparatus) concerning an application example. It is a disassembled perspective view showing an example of the liquid crystal display unit shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The description will be given in the following order.
1. Embodiment (an example of a liquid crystal display device in which at least one spacer is disposed within a range of several pixels in a pixel row along an oblique direction)
2. Modified example 1 (example in which spacer arrangement periods are different in the vertical and horizontal directions)
3. Modified example 2 (example in which spacer arrangement periods are different in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction)
4). Application example (an example of electronic equipment)

<Embodiment>
[Constitution]
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device 10) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As will be described later, the liquid crystal display device 10 is used in a projection display device such as a projector. The liquid crystal display device 10 includes a display area (effective pixel area) 10a having a plurality of pixels P, a scanning line driving circuit 110 and a signal line driving circuit 120 arranged around the display area 10a, and a plurality of scanning lines GL. And a plurality of signal lines DL. In addition, a timing controller (not shown) and a video signal processing unit that performs various signal processing are provided.

  The signal line driving circuit 120 supplies a video signal based on the video signal sequentially to the plurality of pixels P through a plurality of signal lines DL arranged in parallel along the horizontal direction. The scanning line driving circuit 110 sequentially supplies gate signals (scanning signals) to the plurality of pixels P in the vertical direction via the plurality of scanning lines GL arranged in parallel along the vertical direction.

  The plurality of pixels P are arranged at positions corresponding to the intersections of the plurality of signal lines DL and the plurality of scanning lines GL, and are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix as a whole. In other words, the plurality of pixels P are arranged along each of the orthogonal vertical direction A1 (first direction) and horizontal direction A2 (second direction).

  FIG. 2 shows a circuit configuration of the pixel P. The pixel P includes, for example, a liquid crystal element LC, an auxiliary capacitance element Cs, and a TFT 12a. One end (a pixel electrode 13 described later) of the liquid crystal element LC is connected to the drain of the TFT 12a and one end of the auxiliary capacitance element Cs, and the other end (a counter electrode 16 described later) is grounded, for example. The auxiliary capacitive element Cs is a capacitive element for stabilizing the accumulated charge of the liquid crystal element LC. One end of the auxiliary capacitance element Cs is connected to one end of the liquid crystal element LC and the drain of the TFT 12a, and the other end is connected to the auxiliary capacitance line CL. The gate of the TFT 12a is connected to the scanning line GL, the source is connected to the signal line DL, and the drain is connected to one end of the liquid crystal element LC and one end of the auxiliary capacitance element Cs.

  In the liquid crystal element LC, the light transmittance changes according to the video voltage supplied to one end from the signal line DL via the TFT 12a. The TFT 12a is a switching element for supplying a video voltage based on a video signal to each end of the liquid crystal element LC and the auxiliary capacitance element Cs, and is configured by, for example, a MOS-FET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Field Effect Transistor). Yes.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a main configuration of the liquid crystal display device 10. FIG. 2 shows an element structure near one pixel. The liquid crystal display device 10 includes a plurality of pixels (pixels P) each including a liquid crystal element between a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 118 that are arranged to face each other. Specifically, the pixel circuit layer 12 including the TFT 12 a is provided on the first substrate 11, and the pixel electrode 13 is provided for each pixel P on the pixel circuit layer 12. The pixel electrode 13 is electrically connected to the TFT 12a, and an alignment film 14A is formed on the pixel electrode 13. On the surface of the second substrate 18 facing the first substrate 11, a counter electrode 16 is provided over all pixels, and an alignment film 14 </ b> B is formed to cover the surface of the counter electrode 16. The liquid crystal layer 15 is sealed between the alignment film 14A and the alignment film 14B. A spacer 19 is disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 18. A region between the pixels P is shielded from light by a light shielding film 17 provided on the second substrate 18. A polarizing plate (not shown) is bonded to the light incident surface of the first substrate 11 and the light emitting surface of the second substrate 18. A microlens array may be formed on the light exit surface of the second substrate 18.

  The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 18 are made of a transparent substrate having optical transparency such as quartz, glass, and silicon. The pixel electrode 13 and the counter electrode 16 are made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO (indium tin oxide). The alignment films 14A and 14B are made of an insulating film such as polyimide. In FIG. 3, the spacer 19 is disposed between the alignment film 14A and the alignment film 14B, and the side surfaces of the spacer 19 are exposed from the alignment films 14A and 14B. The side surface of the spacer 19 may be covered with one of them. The liquid crystal layer 15 is made of, for example, liquid crystal in VA (Vertical Alignment) mode or TN (Twisted Nematic) mode. The light shielding film 17 has an opening for each pixel P, for example, and has a lattice shape in plan view.

  The spacer 19 is for controlling the distance (cell gap) between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 18. The spacer 19 is made of a photosensitive resin such as a photoresist, and has a thickness (height) of, for example, about 2 μm to 4 μm. The spacer 19 is disposed in a region between pixels (a region facing the light shielding film 17). In addition, a plurality of elements are arranged in the display area 10a and arranged in a periodic pattern in plan view.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of the arrangement of the spacers 19. One area partitioned in a square shape is an area corresponding to the pixel P. In the present embodiment, as the spacer 19, the following spacer 19A and spacer 19B are arranged.

  The spacer 19 </ b> A is arranged with respect to the two pixels P at a ratio of one. The spacers 19 </ b> A have equal intervals (in this case, intervals corresponding to two pixels) in the vertical direction A <b> 1 and the horizontal direction A <b> 2 (equal intervals). Thus, in the pixel row A31 (first pixel row) that is selective among the pixel rows along the oblique direction A3 (third direction), the spacer 19A is arranged at a ratio of one for one pixel. ing. Hereinafter, the arrangement of the spacers 19A will be referred to as “1/2 arrangement”. In addition, the “arrangement density” of the spacers described below is a ratio of the spacers to the pixels when the spacers are arranged in all the pixels (when one spacer is arranged in one pixel P) as 100%. is there. That is, the arrangement density of the spacers 19A is 50%.

  In the selective pixel row along the oblique direction A3 (third direction), at least one spacer 19B is arranged in a range (A3g) corresponding to the selective pixel. Specifically, the spacer 19B is 1 in a range A3g corresponding to five pixels in the pixel column A32 (second pixel column) in which the spacer 19A is not arranged among the pixel columns along the oblique direction A3. (Spacers 19B are arranged at a ratio of 1 to 5 pixels). In other words, the spacer 19B is arranged for every n pixels (n is an integer of 1 or 2) in the pixel column A32. Desirably, the range A3g is a range corresponding to two or more pixels. The range A3g is preferably 20 pixels or less. This is because a linear defect of about 20 pixels or less hardly affects the visibility. This range A3g is desirably set to an appropriate value (number of pixels) in consideration of the contrast ratio. In this case, the arrangement density of the spacers 19B is 10%, and the total arrangement density of the spacers 19A and 19B is 60%. Further, the arrangement periods of the spacers 19A and 19B in the vertical direction A1 and the horizontal direction A2 may be the same or different (here, they are the same arrangement period). In addition, when the spacer 19B is disposed for each pixel, the spacer 19A or the spacer 19B is disposed at a ratio of 1 for all the pixels (arrangement density is 100%).

  The oblique direction A3 is a direction inclined by a predetermined angle from the vertical direction A1 and the horizontal direction A2. For example, when the surface shape of the pixel P is square or rectangular, it is a direction along an extension line of the diagonal line. Here, the surface shape of the pixel P is a square shape, and the oblique direction A3 is a direction inclined by 45 ° from each of the vertical direction A1 and the horizontal direction A2 (a direction forming 45 ° with each of the vertical direction A1 and the horizontal direction A2). ).

  The spacer 19 (19A, 19B) having the above arrangement can be realized by changing the photomask opening pattern (photoresist exposure pattern).

[Action, Effect]
In the liquid crystal display device 10 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the pixels P are selected in a line-sequential manner by the scanning line driving circuit 110 based on the video signal input from the outside, and the signal line driving A video voltage corresponding to the video signal is supplied to each pixel P by the circuit 120. As a result, the pixel P is driven to display, and an image is displayed.

  Here, when a moving image is displayed (video is scrolled), a display defect called banding or afterimage may occur. This display failure is caused by the disorder of the alignment state of the liquid crystal, and the position where the image is displayed, the moving direction (scroll direction), and the alignment control direction (the deposition direction of the alignment films 14A and 14B, Affected by the rubbing direction). In addition, the alignment disorder occurs near the boundary between the white display portion and the black display portion, and is particularly likely to occur at a depressed portion or a bent portion in the display pattern.

  FIG. 5A schematically shows a display defect near the boundary between the white display portion and the black display portion. As described above, the case where the boundary portion moves in the direction of the arrow D1 in the temporally continuous frames n, n + 1, n + 2, and n + 3 will be described. First, in the frame n, the alignment disorder occurs near the boundary with the black display part B11 in the white display part W11. However, in the pixel P11 corresponding to the bent part, the alignment disorder from both sides overlaps and is more unstable. An alignment state is obtained. For this reason, the disturbance in the orientation of the pixel P11 remains from the next frame n + 1 to the frame n + 2. Similarly, in the pixel P12 corresponding to the bent portion in the frame n + 1, the orientation disturbance remains from the next frame n + 2 to the frame n + 3. Further, in the pixel P13 corresponding to the bent portion in the frame n + 2, the orientation disturbance remains until the next frame n + 3 to the frame n + 4 (not shown). As described above, the alignment state is likely to be disturbed in the vicinity of each boundary between the white display portions W11 to W14 and the black display portions B11 to B14, and the alignment disorder is particularly large in the bent portion. For this reason, when the display pattern is moved along the arrow D1, orientation disturbances in the pixels P11, P12, P13, P14,... Remain for several frames, and the white display portions W11, W12, W13, W14 are left. , Unintended patterns can be seen. In this way, a display defect due to the alignment disorder occurs. In addition, when the display pattern is moved (scrolled) over several hundred pixels or more along the arrow D1, the above display defects are chained (continuous) over several hundred pixels or more, and a linear pattern (line It is visually recognized as a defective state).

  FIG. 5B schematically shows a display defect when a halftone display portion is present between the white display portion and the black display portion. Also in this case, in the frames n to n + 3, the orientation is disturbed in the vicinity of the boundary between the white display portions W21 to W24 and the black display portions B21 to B24, and the orientation disorder is particularly large in the bent portions P21 to P25. Further, this orientation disorder remains for several frames. For this reason, an unintended pattern appears in the white display portions W21 to W24, and a display defect occurs. However, since there are halftone display portions G21 to G24 between the white display portions W21 to W24 and the black display portions B21 to B24, the generated alignment disorder is unlikely to return to a stable state, and only in the case of monochrome display (FIG. Display failure due to orientation disturbance is more likely to occur over multiple frames than in 5A).

  Here, FIG. 6 shows an arrangement example of the spacer (spacer 101) according to the comparative example. In the comparative example, the spacers 101 are arranged at a ratio of one for two pixels P (1/2 arrangement), and the spacers 101 are equally spaced in the vertical direction A1 and the horizontal direction A2. Has been placed.

  In such a comparative example, as shown in FIG. 7, in the pixel column along the oblique direction A3, the display defects due to the alignment disorder as described above are chained, and linear defects (X1, X2, X3, X4, ...) is likely to occur.

  For example, when the star-shaped display pattern as shown in FIG. 8A is moved in the direction of the arrow D2, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 8B, a part of the star (bent portion) is set as the starting point XX0. A linear defect X1 occurs along the oblique direction A3. FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of the region S1 in FIG. 8A. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9A, even when the same star-shaped display pattern as described above is moved in the direction of the arrow D2, there may be no case where a linear defect occurs. This is because, as shown in FIG. 9B, since the spacer 101 is disposed at the position of the display defect starting point XX0 or on the extended line thereof, the spacer 101 serves as a stopper to suppress the display defect chain. .

  In contrast, in the present embodiment, in addition to the arrangement of spacers 19A (1/2 arrangement), at least one spacer 19B is within a range corresponding to selective pixels in the pixel column A32 along the oblique direction A3. Has been placed. Here, in the pixel column A32 in which the spacer 19A is not arranged among the pixel columns along the oblique direction A3, one spacer 19B is arranged in a range A3g corresponding to five pixels. As a result, even if a display defect due to the alignment disorder as described above occurs from any position (starting point XX1, XX2, XX3, etc.) in the pixel column A32, the display defect is caused by the spacer 19B within the range A3g. It is suppressed and stays in the chain within 5 pixels. That is, the chain of display defects can be suppressed to a range of several pixels to several tens of pixels according to the number of pixels in the range A3g, and the occurrence of linear display defects is suppressed (as linear display defects). It becomes difficult to see).

  Incidentally, the arrangement density of the spacers 19A and 19B increases the arrangement density of the spacers as compared with the comparative example. FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the spacer arrangement density (%) and the contrast ratio (%). Thus, the contrast ratio tends to decrease as the spacer arrangement density increases. As an example, FIG. 12 shows black display in the case of 1/2 arrangement (arrangement density 50%), and FIG. 13 shows the case of 1/1 arrangement (in the case where spacers are arranged at a ratio of 1 for all pixels, the arrangement density 100). %) Black display. In this way, light is lost due to the arrangement of the spacers, and the contrast ratio is lowered. That is, increasing the number of spacers to make it difficult to visually recognize linear defects and increasing the contrast ratio are in a trade-off relationship. In this embodiment, since one spacer 19B is arranged for five pixels, the arrangement density of the spacers (spacers 19A and 19B) is 60%. This is, for example, about 10% larger than the comparative example of 1/2 arrangement (arrangement density 50%), but the reduction in contrast ratio when the arrangement density is changed from 50% to 60% is about 1-2%. This does not cause a significant reduction in contrast ratio. As described above, the range A3g in which the spacer 19B is disposed may be set to an appropriate pixel range in consideration of the contrast ratio.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the plurality of spacers 19 (19A, 19B) disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 18 are selectively arranged along the diagonal direction A3 (pixels). In the column A32), at least one spacer (spacer 19A) is included in a range A3g corresponding to a selective pixel (5 pixels). Thereby, even when a display defect occurs due to the disorder of the alignment state of the liquid crystal along the oblique direction A3, it is possible to suppress the chain and suppress the occurrence of a linear display defect. Therefore, it is possible to suppress deterioration in display image quality due to the alignment state of the liquid crystal.

  Next, a modified example of the spacer arrangement in the liquid crystal display device according to the above embodiment will be described.

<Modification 1>
FIG. 14 illustrates an arrangement example of the spacers 19 according to the first modification. In the above embodiment, the spacer 19B is further arranged based on the arrangement of the spacer 19A (1/2 arrangement). However, in this modification, the arrangement density of the spacer is not changed (the arrangement density 50 of the 1/2 arrangement). %)), An arrangement configuration example that can suppress the occurrence of the above-described linear defects will be given.

  In this modification, the arrangement period of the spacers 19 is different between the pixel column along the vertical direction A1 and the pixel column along the horizontal direction A2. Specifically, in the pixel column A11 (third pixel column) along the vertical direction A1, the intervals dA11 corresponding to one pixel and the intervals dA12 corresponding to three pixels are alternately arranged. On the other hand, in the pixel column A21 (fourth pixel column) along the horizontal direction A2, the pixels are arranged at equal intervals via the interval dA2 corresponding to two pixels. However, the arrangement density of the spacers 19 is equivalent to the case of the ½ arrangement as shown in FIG. 6, and the spacers 19 are arranged at a ratio of one for the two pixels P.

  With such an arrangement configuration, it is possible to realize a configuration in which at least one spacer 19 is arranged in a range A3g1 corresponding to three pixels in a pixel column along the oblique direction A3. Specifically, in the pixel column along the oblique direction A3, two spacers 19 are arranged in a range A3g2 corresponding to four pixels.

  In this modification, in the pixel column along the oblique direction A3, at least one spacer 19 (two in the range A3g2 corresponding to four pixels) is disposed in the range A3g1 corresponding to three pixels. Similar to the above-described embodiment, even when a display defect due to the above-described alignment disorder occurs, the chain can be kept within three pixels. Therefore, the occurrence of linear defects can be suppressed, and the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained. Further, in this modification, the arrangement density is 50%, and a reduction in contrast ratio can be suppressed as compared with the above embodiment.

<Modification 2>
FIG. 15 illustrates an arrangement example of the spacers 19 according to the second modification. In the above embodiment, the spacer 19B is further arranged based on the arrangement of the spacer 19A (1/2 arrangement). However, in this modification, the arrangement density of the spacer is not changed (the arrangement density 50 of the 1/2 arrangement). %)), An arrangement configuration example that can suppress the occurrence of the above-described linear defects will be given.

  In the present modification, as in Modification 1, the arrangement period of the spacers 19 is different between the pixel column along the vertical direction A1 and the pixel column along the horizontal direction A2. However, in this modification, in the pixel column A12 (third pixel column) along the vertical direction A1, the pixels are arranged at equal intervals via the interval dA1 corresponding to two pixels. On the other hand, in the pixel column A22 (fourth pixel column) along the horizontal direction A2, the intervals dA21 corresponding to one pixel and the intervals dA22 corresponding to three pixels are alternately arranged. However, the arrangement density of the spacers 19 is equivalent to the case of the ½ arrangement as shown in FIG. 6, and the spacers 19 are arranged at a ratio of one for the two pixels P.

  With such an arrangement configuration, it is possible to realize a configuration in which at least one spacer 19 is arranged in a range A3g3 corresponding to three pixels in the pixel column along the oblique direction A3. Specifically, in the pixel column along the oblique direction A3, two spacers 19 are arranged in a range A3g4 corresponding to four pixels.

  In this modification, in the pixel column along the oblique direction A3, at least one spacer 19 (two in the range A3g4 corresponding to four pixels) is disposed in the range A3g3 corresponding to three pixels. Similar to the above-described embodiment, even when a display defect due to the above-described alignment disorder occurs, the chain can be kept within three pixels. Therefore, the occurrence of linear defects can be suppressed, and the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained. Further, in this modification, the arrangement density is 50%, and a reduction in contrast ratio can be suppressed as compared with the above embodiment.

<Application example>
The liquid crystal display device 10 according to the above-described embodiment or the like can be used for all types of display devices (electronic devices) of a projection type or a direct view type. As an example, FIG. 16 shows a schematic configuration of a projection display device (projection display device 1). In the projection type display device 1, the liquid crystal display device 10 of the above-described embodiment or the like is incorporated in a liquid crystal display unit (liquid crystal display units 10R, 10G, 10B). The projection display device 1 is of a so-called three-plate type that performs color image display using three transmissive liquid crystal display units 10R, 10G, and 10B. The projection display device 1 includes a light source 211, a pair of first and second multi-lens array integrators 212 and 213, and a total reflection mirror 214. In the multi-lens array integrators 212 and 213, a plurality of microlenses 212M and 213M are two-dimensionally arranged. The multi-lens array integrators 212 and 213 are for uniformizing the illuminance distribution of light, and have a function of dividing incident light into a plurality of small light beams.

  The light source 211 emits white light including red light, blue light, and green light, which is necessary for color image display. The light source 211 includes, for example, a light emitter (not shown) that emits white light, and a concave mirror that reflects and collects light emitted from the light emitter. Examples of the light emitter include a halogen lamp, a metal halide lamp, and a xenon lamp. The concave mirror preferably has a shape with good light collection efficiency, and has a rotationally symmetric surface shape such as a spheroidal mirror or a parabolic mirror.

  The projection display device 1 further includes a PS combining element 215, a condenser lens 216, and a dichroic mirror 217 in this order on the light output side of the second multi-lens array integrator 213. The dichroic mirror 217 has a function of separating incident light into, for example, red light LR and other color lights.

  The PS combining element 215 is provided with a plurality of half-wave plates 215A at positions corresponding to adjacent microlenses in the second multi-lens array integrator 213. The PS combining element 215 has a function of separating incident light L0 into two types of polarized light L1 and L2 (P-polarized component and S-polarized component). The PS combining element 215 also emits one polarized light L2 of the two separated polarized lights L1 and L2 from the PS combining element 215 while maintaining its polarization direction (for example, P-polarized light). The polarized light L1 (for example, S-polarized component) is converted into another polarized component (for example, P-polarized component) by the action of the half-wave plate 215A and emitted.

  The projection display device 1 also includes a total reflection mirror 218, a field lens 224R, and a liquid crystal display unit 10R in order along the optical path of the red light LR separated by the dichroic mirror 217. The total reflection mirror 218 reflects the red light LR separated by the dichroic mirror 217 toward the liquid crystal display unit 10R. The liquid crystal display unit 10R has a function of spatially modulating the red light LR incident through the field lens 224R according to an image signal.

  The projection display device 1 further includes a dichroic mirror 219 along the optical path of the other color light separated by the dichroic mirror 217. The dichroic mirror 219 has a function of separating incident light into, for example, green light and blue light.

  The projection display device 1 also includes a field lens 224G and a liquid crystal display unit 10G in order along the optical path of the green light LG separated by the dichroic mirror 219. The liquid crystal display unit 10G has a function of spatially modulating the green light LG incident through the field lens 224G according to an image signal. Further, along the optical path of the blue light LB separated by the dichroic mirror 219, the relay lens 220, the total reflection mirror 221, the relay lens 222, the total reflection mirror 223, the field lens 224B, and the liquid crystal display unit 10B In order. The total reflection mirror 221 reflects the blue light LB incident through the relay lens 220 toward the total reflection mirror 223. The total reflection mirror 223 reflects the blue light LB reflected by the total reflection mirror 221 and incident via the relay lens 222 toward the liquid crystal display unit 10B. The liquid crystal display unit 10B has a function of spatially modulating the blue light LB reflected by the total reflection mirror 223 and incident through the field lens 224B according to an image signal.

  The projection display device 1 also includes a cross prism 226 having a function of combining the three color lights LR, LG, and LB at a position where the optical paths of the red light LR, the green light LG, and the blue light LB intersect. . The projection display device 1 also includes a projection lens 227 for projecting the combined light emitted from the cross prism 226 toward the screen 228. The cross prism 226 has three entrance surfaces 226R, 226G, and 226B and one exit surface 226T. The red light LR emitted from the liquid crystal display unit 10R is emitted to the incident surface 226R, the green light LG emitted from the liquid crystal display unit 10G is emitted to the incident surface 226G, and the liquid crystal display unit 10B is emitted to the incident surface 226B. The blue light LB thus made enters each. The cross prism 226 combines the three color lights incident on the incident surfaces 226R, 226G, and 226G and outputs the combined light from the output surface 226T.

  FIG. 17 is an exploded view of the main parts of the liquid crystal display units 10R, 10G, and 10B. The liquid crystal display units 10R, 10G, and 10B include the liquid crystal display device 10 and an outer frame 151 and a parting plate 154 that house or hold the liquid crystal display device 10.

  A film substrate 155 is connected to the liquid crystal display device 10, and video information necessary for modulation of incident light is supplied from the main body side of the projection display device 1 through the film substrate 155. An incident-side dustproof glass 153 is bonded to the light incident side of the liquid crystal display device 10, and an emission-side dustproof glass 152 is bonded to the light-emitting side. The parting plate 154 is mounted on the incident surface side of the liquid crystal display device 10 and has an opening facing the display region 10a. The outer frame 151 is attached to the light emitting side of the liquid crystal display device 10 and has a frame shape surrounding the end surface portion of the liquid crystal display device 10.

  As described above, the present disclosure has been described with reference to the embodiment and the modification. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiment and the like, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which one spacer is arranged in the range corresponding to the selective pixel in the selective pixel row in the oblique direction A3 is described as an example. The number of spacers disposed inside is not limited to one, and may be two or more. For example, two or more spacers may be arranged within a range of 5 pixels. That is, m (m ≦ n) spacers can be arranged within a range of n (n is an integer of 2 or more) pixels.

  In the above-described embodiment and the like, the description has been given based on the case where one spacer is arranged for two pixels (one half arrangement) as the periodic arrangement of spacers. It is not limited to, and various other arrangements can be used. For example, in the above embodiment, the spacer 19A may be arranged at a ratio of one for three or more pixels. In the first and second modifications, the spacer 19 may be arranged at a ratio of one to three or more pixels. In the selective pixel row along the oblique direction (third direction), if the arrangement includes at least one spacer in a range corresponding to the selective pixel, the arrangement density of the spacers in the entire display region, The layout and the like are not particularly limited and can take various forms.

  In the above-described embodiment and the like, the transmissive liquid crystal display device is illustrated as an application example of the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure. However, the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure is not limited to this, for example, LCOS (Liquid Crystal A reflective liquid crystal display device such as On Silicon) may be used.

  Furthermore, the electronic apparatus of the present disclosure can be applied to various display devices of a type that modulates light from a light source via a liquid crystal display device and displays an image using a projection lens, in addition to the application example described above. . Moreover, it is not limited to such a projection type display device, but may be used for a direct view type display device. An example is an electronic viewfinder (EVF). In addition, the effect demonstrated in the said embodiment etc. is an example, The effect of this indication may be other effects and may also include other effects.

Note that the present disclosure may be configured as follows.
(1)
A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A plurality of pixels that are two-dimensionally arranged along the first and second directions orthogonal to each other on the first substrate, each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes according to an applied voltage;
A plurality of spacers disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
The plurality of spacers include at least one spacer in a range corresponding to a selective pixel in a selective pixel row along a third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions. Display device.
(2)
The liquid crystal display device according to (1), wherein the selective pixel row along the third direction includes at least one spacer within a range corresponding to two or more pixels.
(3)
The liquid crystal display device according to (2), wherein the selective pixel row along the third direction includes one spacer in a range corresponding to two or more pixels.
(4)
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the selective pixel row along the third direction includes at least one spacer within a range corresponding to 20 or less pixels.
(5)
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the plurality of spacers are arranged in a light shielding region between the pixels.
(6)
The plurality of spacers are:
A first spacer periodically arranged at a rate of one for two pixels;
The selective pixel line along the third direction includes one second spacer arranged in a range corresponding to two or more pixels. The method according to any one of (1) to (5), Liquid crystal display device.
(7)
The pixel column along the third direction is
A first pixel column in which the first spacer is disposed at a ratio of one to one pixel;
The liquid crystal display device according to (6), further including: a second pixel column in which one second spacer is arranged in a range corresponding to two or more pixels.
(8)
The arrangement period of the spacers is different between the third pixel column along the first direction and the fourth pixel column along the second direction. Any one of (1) to (5) The liquid crystal display device described.
(9)
The liquid crystal display device according to (8), wherein the plurality of spacers are arranged at a ratio of one to two pixels.
(10)
The plurality of spacers are:
In the third pixel row, an interval corresponding to one pixel and an interval corresponding to three pixels are alternately arranged,
In the fourth pixel column, the liquid crystal display device according to (9), wherein the liquid crystal display device is arranged at equal intervals with an interval corresponding to two pixels.
(11)
The plurality of spacers are:
In the third pixel row, they are arranged at equal intervals through intervals corresponding to two pixels,
The liquid crystal display device according to (9), wherein in the fourth pixel column, an interval corresponding to one pixel and an interval corresponding to three pixels are alternately arranged.
(12)
The plurality of spacers are:
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of (9) to (11), including two spacers arranged in a range corresponding to four pixels in a pixel row along the third direction.
(13)
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the third direction is a direction inclined by 45 ° from each of the first and second directions.
(14)
A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A plurality of pixels that are two-dimensionally arranged along the first and second directions orthogonal to each other on the first substrate, each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes according to an applied voltage;
A plurality of spacers disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
The plurality of spacers include at least one spacer in a range corresponding to a selective pixel in a selective pixel row along a third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions. An electronic device provided with a display device.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Projection type display apparatus, 10R, 10G, 10B ... Liquid crystal display unit, 10 ... Liquid crystal display apparatus, 10a ... Display area, 11 ... 1st board | substrate, 12 ... Pixel circuit layer, 12a ... TFT, 13 ... Pixel electrode, 14A , 14B ... alignment film, 15 ... liquid crystal layer, 16 ... counter electrode, 17 ... light shielding film, 18 ... second substrate, 19, 19A, 19B ... spacer, 12A ... incident side dustproof glass, 12B ... emission side dustproof glass, 13 ... parting plate, 14 ... outer frame 151a ... opening, 14e ... edge, 14e1 ... bent part, 211 ... light source, 227 ... projection lens, 228 ..., S1 ... slope (plane), S2 ... slope (slope), A1 ... vertical direction, A2 ... horizontal direction, A3 ... diagonal direction, A3g, A3g1-A3g4 ... range, A11, A12, A21, A22 ... pixel row, B11-B14, B21-B24 ... black display portion, W11- 14, W21-24 ... white display portion, G21-G24 ... halftone display portion, D1, D2 ... direction, dA1, dA2, dA11, dA12, dA21, dA22 ... interval, LC ... liquid crystal element, Cs ... auxiliary capacitance element, P, P11 to P14, P21 to P25... Pixels, X1 to X4... Linear defects, XX0 to XX3.

Claims (13)

A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A plurality of pixels that are two-dimensionally arranged along the first and second directions orthogonal to each other on the first substrate, each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes according to an applied voltage;
A first spacer and a second spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A pixel column along a third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions includes a plurality of first pixel columns in which the first spacers are periodically arranged, and the first pixel. column saw including a plurality of second pixel rows in which the second spacer is arranged in a different sequence period and,
In the first and second directions, the first spacer is disposed at a ratio of one to two pixels . The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein in the first pixel column, the first spacer is disposed at a ratio of one to one pixel. A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A plurality of pixels that are two-dimensionally arranged along the first and second directions orthogonal to each other on the first substrate, each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes according to an applied voltage;
A first spacer and a second spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A pixel column along a third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions includes a plurality of first pixel columns in which the first spacers are periodically arranged, and the first pixel. column saw including a plurality of second pixel rows in which the second spacer is arranged in a different sequence period and,
In the first pixel column, the liquid crystal display device in which the first spacer is arranged at a ratio of one to one pixel . 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein in the second pixel column, the second spacer is disposed at a ratio of at least one for two or more pixels. 5. . In the second pixel row, the second spacer is arranged at a ratio of one to two or more pixels.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4 . 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein in the second pixel column, the second spacer is disposed at a ratio of at least one for 20 or less pixels. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are disposed in a light shielding region between the pixels. In the first and second directions, the first spacer is disposed at a ratio of one for two pixels.
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 3 to 7 . The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel column and the second pixel column are alternately arranged. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein all the pixel columns along the third direction are the first pixel column or the second pixel column. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the third direction is a direction inclined by 45 ° from each of the first and second directions. A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A plurality of pixels that are two-dimensionally arranged along the first and second directions orthogonal to each other on the first substrate, each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes according to an applied voltage;
A first spacer and a second spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A pixel column along a third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions includes a plurality of first pixel columns in which the first spacers are periodically arranged, and the first pixel. column saw including a plurality of second pixel rows in which the second spacer is arranged in a different sequence period and,
In the first and second directions, an electronic apparatus including a liquid crystal display device in which the first spacer is disposed at a ratio of one to two pixels . A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A plurality of pixels that are two-dimensionally arranged along the first and second directions orthogonal to each other on the first substrate, each having a liquid crystal element whose transmittance changes according to an applied voltage;
A first spacer and a second spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A pixel column along a third direction inclined from each of the first and second directions includes a plurality of first pixel columns in which the first spacers are periodically arranged, and the first pixel. column saw including a plurality of second pixel rows in which the second spacer is arranged in a different sequence period and,
In the first pixel column, an electronic apparatus including a liquid crystal display device in which the first spacer is disposed at a ratio of one to one pixel .