JP6415952B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly to a machine tool for performing high-precision cutting under high rotation.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a machine tool such as a machining center, various cutting tools are attached to the tip of a spindle supported by a spindle head, and a workpiece is cut by rotating the spindle.
Various cutting tools are selected according to the processing content of the workpiece. In order to mount tools of various shapes on the tip of the same spindle, a common holder such as the BT standard is used.

Each tool is fixed to such a common holder, and a chuck device corresponding to the holder is installed on one main spindle, so that the main spindle can be mounted regardless of the shape of the tool.
Furthermore, automatic tool changers are used in machine tools such as machining centers. In these automatic tool changers, when a tool is handled by a swivel arm or the like, a reliable operation can be performed regardless of the shape of the tool by gripping a common holder (see Patent Document 1). .

On the other hand, in recent years, a machine tool for mounting a tool on a main shaft without using a holder has been used to meet the demand for higher speed and higher accuracy of main shaft rotation.
For example, in some machine tools, an air bearing is used to support the main shaft, and high rotation speed of several tens of thousands to several hundred thousand rotations per minute is achieved (see Patent Document 2).

  Here, in the high-speed rotation type machine tool as described above, the structure in which the tool is mounted via the holder becomes inconvenient. For example, if the accuracy of the shaft center is not sufficient when fixing the tool to the holder, the vibration during high-speed rotation becomes large, which is not suitable for rotational support with an aerostatic bearing. In addition, high-speed rotating machine tools are frequently used for high-precision machining of fine shapes, but using a holder is not suitable for mechanical downsizing.

From such a background, a configuration is used in which a straight shank portion of a tool is directly fixed to a main shaft without using a holder for mounting the tool.
For example, as a machine tool that directly fixes a tool to a spindle, a tool that fixes the tool by shrink fitting has been developed (see Patent Document 3).

On the other hand, as a configuration in which the tool is directly fixed to the spindle, the rotation support of the tool and the rotation transmission from the spindle are separated, so that only the rotation transmission is performed at the direct connection portion between the spindle and the tool. A machine tool has also been proposed (see Patent Document 4).
In this machine tool, an aerostatic bearing connected to the spindle head is added to the tip of the spindle, and the straight shank portion of the tool is rotatably supported. Then, the tool and the main shaft are connected by vacuum-sucking the tapered shape of the end portion of the tool to the main shaft.

JP 2009-39792 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-257037 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-237408 JP 2009-248224 A

  In the shrink-fit method as described in Patent Document 3 described above, high axial accuracy can be ensured while the tool is directly fixed to the main shaft. However, it is necessary to perform shrink fitting every time the tool is attached and detached, and time is required for heating and cooling. For this reason, every time the tool is changed, machining by the main spindle is stopped for a long time, and there is a problem that work efficiency is lowered.

  The method as described in Patent Document 4 requires an additional support structure, occupies a large space at the tip of the main shaft, increases processing restrictions, and is also limited in installation. There is.

  Further, as a common problem of the method of directly fixing the tool to the spindle without using the holder, a conventional automatic tool changer that holds the common holder cannot be used. For this reason, for example, it is necessary to move the spindle to the tool stocker to chuck the tool, or to manually change the tool by the operator, and the operation stop time of the spindle becomes long, which is not suitable for work efficiency. .

A main object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool in which a tool can be directly fixed to a main shaft and the structure of the main shaft portion is simple.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that can directly fix a tool to a spindle and reduce the operation stop time of the spindle when changing the tool.

The machine tool according to the present invention includes a main shaft rotatably supported by a main shaft head, a chuck device installed at the tip of the main shaft , a tool chucked by the chuck device, and a range outside the reach of the tip of the main shaft. A tool stocker installed and capable of storing the tool, a tool handler having a tool holding part capable of holding the tool and mounting the tool stored in the tool stocker on the spindle; the tool stocker; A tool transfer mechanism for transferring the tool to and from a tool holding unit , wherein the chuck device includes a cylindrical collet member into which the tool can be inserted, and an end face of the spindle. A chuck hole that is open and can accommodate the collet member, and is formed between the outer periphery of the collet member and the inner periphery of the chuck hole, and from the opening of the chuck hole toward the back side. A diaphragm mechanism having a tapered surface adjacent to the central axis line of the serial spindle, a retraction mechanism to retract and said collet member from an opening of the chuck hole to the back side, was closed,
The tool stocker is formed in a disk shape, and a central portion is rotatably supported, and a plurality of tool receiving holes are formed along an outer peripheral edge, and a tool pot is suspended in each of the tool receiving holes. The tool is stored in the tool pot,
The tool transfer mechanism is a lift mechanism that is installed below the tool stocker and raises the tool pot to be received by the tool holding unit .

In the present invention, the tool and the spindle are directly fixed by the chuck device installed at the tip of the spindle.
In the chuck device, the collet member is drawn to the back side of the chuck hole by the drawing mechanism, whereby the collet member is drawn by the drawing mechanism, and the tool inserted in the collet member is fastened and fixed (clamped).

At this time, since the fastening is performed by the collet member, the tool can be securely fixed even if the shank portion of the tool is straight.
Further, in the clamp by the collet member, the tool is tightened by pulling the collet member along the central axis of the main shaft by the pulling mechanism and narrowing it by the drawing mechanism. Accordingly, the collet member can be fixed with high accuracy without causing deformation in the rotational direction or bias in the axial direction, such as tightening of the collet member by a rotary outer cylinder.

On the other hand, the collet member is pulled out to the spindle tip side against the pulling force of the pulling mechanism, and the collet member is released from the throttle by the throttle mechanism, so that the clamp of the tool by the collet member can be released and the tool can be removed from the spindle it can.
In releasing such a clamp, another mechanism for releasing the drawing force of the drawing mechanism may be used, or another driving mechanism for moving the collet member against the drawing force of the drawing mechanism may be used. . For example, the collet member can be driven by supplying pressurized air through a coolant hole passed through the center of the main shaft.

  As described above, in the present invention, the collet member, the chuck hole, the drawing mechanism, and the drawing mechanism can be clamped by clamping the tool from the entire circumference while drawing the tool in the axial direction of the spindle, and can directly fix the tool to the spindle. There is no mechanism or the like protruding to the tip side of the main shaft, and the structure of the main shaft portion can be simplified.

The chuck device may be formed directly on the tip of the main shaft, that is, a structure in which a chuck hole is formed directly on the main shaft itself and a collet member is accommodated in the chuck hole. On the other hand, a sleeve member having a chuck hole may be used, the collet member may be accommodated in the sleeve member, packaged as a chuck device, and the chuck device fixed to the main shaft. As a package of such a chuck device, a drawing mechanism or a drawing mechanism may be packaged together.
Furthermore, in the present invention, the tool stored in the tool stocker can be gripped and attached to the spindle by the tool handler. For this reason, the spindle is not restrained except for the time when the tool is detached and attached by the tool handler, and the operation stop time of the spindle when changing the tool can be shortened. Further, the tool stocker can be installed outside the reach range of the tip of the main shaft, does not interfere with the operation of the main shaft, and does not narrow the operation range of the main shaft.
Furthermore, in the present invention, when the tool holding part of the tool handler cannot deliver the tool to and from the tool stocker by itself, or when the holding part moving mechanism of the tool handler cannot bring the tool holding part sufficiently close to the tool stocker. However, the tool transfer mechanism can reliably deliver the tool.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, the throttle mechanism includes an outer conical surface formed on the outer periphery of the collet member and having the tip end side of the main shaft widened, and an inner peripheral surface of the chuck hole and in close contact with the outer conical surface. It is desirable to have a possible inner conical surface.

In the present invention, the collet member can be squeezed when the collet member is pulled into the back side of the chuck hole by the outer conical surface of the collet member and the inner conical surface of the chuck hole, which is suitable as a throttling mechanism. It can be set as a simple structure.
The diaphragm mechanism is not limited to a conical surface, and a plurality of protrusions are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the collet member or the inner surface of the chuck hole so as to be evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and extend in the main shaft axis direction. The deep side of the hole may be inclined surfaces close to the main axis of the main axis, and these inclined surfaces may be used as a diaphragm mechanism.

In the machine tool of the present invention, it is desirable that the pulling mechanism has a pulling elastic member that biases the collet member to the side opposite to the tip side of the main shaft with respect to the main shaft.
In the present invention, the pulling force can be obtained by utilizing the elasticity of the pulling elastic member, and no separate power is required, which is effective for simplifying the structure.

  In the machine tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the elastic member for retraction is a plurality of disc springs stacked in the axial direction of the main shaft.

In the present invention, the elastic force for pulling can be obtained by a plurality of disc springs, and the pulling force can be easily set by selecting the number of disc springs or the type of disc spring. Further, the plurality of disc springs can be aligned by being inserted through the central axis, and can be prevented from wobbling even when rotated at a high speed. For this reason, even if it is installed on a main shaft that rotates at high speed, there is no inconvenience.
The retracting elastic member is not limited to a plurality of disc springs, and may be a coil spring or other elastic member, or a material that is volume-compressed.

  In the machine tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the main shaft is supported by the main shaft head via an air bearing.

In the present invention as described above, it is possible to provide a machine tool that rotates at high speed with high accuracy, in which the spindle is supported on the spindle head by an air bearing, and the effectiveness of the chuck device according to the present invention described above can be maximized.
However, the structure for rotatably supporting the main shaft on the main shaft head is not limited to the air bearing, and other bearings may be used as long as the desired accuracy and rotation speed can be obtained.

In the machine tool of the present invention, the tool handler, it is desirable that the pre-SL tool holder having a holding portion moving mechanism for moving from said tool stocker to the reachable position of the main shaft.

In this invention, the tool accommodated in the tool stocker is held by the tool holding unit, and the tool holding unit is moved to the vicinity of the main shaft by the holding unit moving mechanism, so that the tool can be mounted on the main shaft. On the other hand, the tool mounted on the spindle can be collected in the tool holding unit, and the tool can be returned to the tool stocker by moving the tool holding unit to the tool stocker by the holding unit moving mechanism.
Therefore, even if the tool stocker is installed outside the reachable range of the tip end of the main shaft, the tool handler can reliably remove the tool from the main shaft.

  In the machine tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the tool holding portion has a pair of tool holding members that hold the tool.

  In the present invention, since the tool is held by a pair of tool holding members, even if the shank of the tool is straight or the diameter of the shank fluctuates, reliable holding is performed. be able to.

  In the machine tool of the present invention, the tool holding unit includes a supply side holding unit that holds the tool to be mounted on the spindle, and a collection side holding unit that holds the tool collected from the spindle. desirable.

In the present invention, the supply side holding unit is brought close to the tool stocker by the holding unit moving mechanism of the tool handler, and the tool to be mounted on the main shaft is then held by the supply side holding unit. In this state, the collection side holding unit is brought close to the main shaft by the holding unit moving mechanism, and the tool mounted on the main shaft is held by the collection side holding unit.
Subsequently, the main shaft is brought close to the supply side holding portion by moving the main shaft or the holding portion moving mechanism, and a new tool is mounted on the main shaft. Then, the holding unit moving mechanism is separated from the main shaft, and the operation is resumed on the main shaft. In parallel with the resumption of operation of the spindle, the collection side holder is moved closer to the tool stocker by the movement of the holder moving mechanism, and the tool removed from the spindle is returned to the tool stocker.
In this way, by using the supply side holding part and the collection side holding part as the tool holding part of the tool handler, the transfer of the old and new tools between the tool stocker and the spindle can be performed by one movement of the holding part moving mechanism. It can be carried out.

  The supply side holding unit and the collection side holding unit may be movably installed on the holding unit moving mechanism. After the collection side holding unit faces the main shaft and the old tool is collected, the supply side holding unit The tool can be attached and detached continuously without moving the spindle by moving it to a position facing the spindle and mounting a new tool.

  Further, by arranging the supply side holding unit and the collection side holding unit in the moving direction of the holding unit moving mechanism, the supply side holding unit and the collection side holding unit are alternately moved by slightly moving the holding unit moving mechanism. You may comprise so that it may oppose with a main axis | shaft. Even with such a configuration, the tool can be attached and detached continuously without moving the spindle.

  In the machine tool of the present invention, the holding unit moving mechanism has a turning center outside the reachable range of the tip of the main shaft, and the swivel arm whose tip can be swung from the position of the tool stocker to the reachable position of the main shaft It is desirable that

In the present invention, since the holding unit moving mechanism rotates, the sliding portion can be reduced as compared with the linear movement, and inconvenience due to cutting waste in the sliding portion can be avoided.
The movement of the holding unit moving mechanism may be linear movement. For example, when the main part of the machine tool including the spindle is covered with a dustproof case and the main part of the tool stocker and tool handler is installed outside the dustproof case, the tool holding part side of the holding part moving mechanism is made to enter and exit the dustproof case. Although a door or the like is required, the door and the like can be reduced to a minimum size as long as the structure moves linearly.

  According to the machine tool of the present invention, the tool and the spindle can be directly fixed by the chuck device installed at the tip of the spindle. The chuck device has a configuration in which the collet member is drawn into the back side of the chuck hole so that the collet member is squeezed and the tool is clamped. A machine tool having a simple structure can be provided.

  Further, by using the tool handler and the tool stocker, the spindle is not restrained except for the time when the tool is detached and attached by the tool handler, and the operation stop time of the spindle at the time of tool replacement can be shortened.

The front view which shows the machine tool of the reference form used as the premise of this invention. The top view which shows the machine tool of the said reference form . The side view which shows the machine tool of the said reference form . Sectional drawing which shows the principal-axis part of the said reference form . Sectional drawing which shows the chuck apparatus of the said reference form . The front view which shows the tool stocker and tool handler of the said reference form . The top view which shows the tool stocker and tool handler of the said reference form . The side view which shows the tool stocker and tool handler of the said reference form . The front view which shows the tool holding part of the said reference form . The top view which shows the tool holding part of the said reference form . The top view which shows the machine tool of embodiment based on this invention. The perspective view which shows the tool stocker and tool handler of the said embodiment . The perspective view which fractured | ruptured partially which shows the tool stocker of the said embodiment .

[ Reference form ]
In each of FIGS. 1 to 10, reference forms of the present invention are shown.
1, 2, and 3, the machine tool 10 of the present embodiment performs high-speed and high-precision cutting on a workpiece by using a straight shank tool 1 mounted on a spindle 20.

The machine tool 10 includes a bed 11 installed on a foundation floor, and a table 12 is installed on the upper surface of the bed 11. The table 12 has a workpiece to be processed fixed on the upper surface.
A gate-shaped column 13 is installed so as to straddle the bed 11. A cross bar 14 is installed on the column 13, and a saddle 15 is installed on the cross bar 14.
A spindle head 16 is installed on the saddle 15, and the spindle 20 described above is installed downward from the spindle head 16 and can cut a workpiece fixed to the table 12.

Here, the table 12 is movable with respect to the bed 11 in the X-axis direction (left-right direction in FIGS. 1 and 2). The saddle 15 is movable along the cross bar 14 in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2 and left-right direction in FIG. 3), and the spindle head 16 is in the Z-axis direction with respect to the saddle 15 (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 in the vertical direction).
By movement of each of these axes, the spindle 20 and the tool 1 can be moved relative to each other in a three-dimensional manner, whereby an arbitrary three-dimensional shape can be cut on the workpiece.

The spindle 20 installed on the spindle head 16 is packaged as a spindle assembly 30.
In FIG. 4, the main shaft assembly 30 has a substantially cylindrical assembly case 31. A main shaft 20, an air bearing 32 that rotatably supports the main shaft 20 around a central axis C, and pressurized air in the air bearing 32. And a drive motor 34 that rotationally drives the main shaft 20 around the central axis C.

The main shaft 20 has a main shaft main body 21, and a central hole 22 penetrating the main shaft main body 21 along the central axis C of the main shaft 20 is formed in the core portion of the main shaft main body 21.
A chuck device 40 for mounting the tool 1 is provided at the tip of the main shaft 20.

  The main shaft assembly 30 includes a push cylinder 35 on the side opposite to the front end of the main shaft 20 (hereinafter referred to as the base end side). A push rod 36 is connected to the push cylinder 35, the push rod 36 is inserted through the center hole 22 of the main shaft 20, and the tip of the push rod 36 reaches the chuck device 40.

  In FIG. 5, the chuck device 40 has a sleeve member 41 fixed to the distal end of the main shaft 20, and a chuck hole 42 is formed from the distal end side to the proximal end side of the sleeve member 41. A collet member 43 is accommodated in the chuck hole 42.

  The collet member 43 is cylindrical, and the tool 1 can be inserted from the tip side. A plurality of slits 44 are formed on the collet member 43 from the tip side to the middle position. By this slit 44, the tip side of the collet member 43 (the part into which the tool 1 is inserted) can be elastically deformed to expand or contract the diameter.

The outer peripheral surface on the distal end side of the collet member 43 is formed so that the outer diameter gradually increases toward the distal end, thereby forming an outer conical surface 431 that increases in diameter toward the distal end.
On the distal end side of the sleeve member 41, the inner peripheral surface of the chuck hole 42 is formed so that the inner diameter gradually increases toward the distal end, thereby forming an inner conical surface 421 that increases in diameter toward the distal end.

  The outer cone surface 431 and the inner cone surface 421 can be brought into close contact with each other by inserting the collet member 43 into the chuck hole 42. Further, by pushing the collet member 43 further into the back side of the chuck hole 42 from the close contact state, the outer conical surface 431 is narrowed by the inner conical surface 421, and the tip side of the collet member 43 is deformed so as to reduce its diameter. The

  The diaphragm mechanism 45 is formed by the outer conical surface 431 and the inner conical surface 421, and the diameter of the distal end side of the collet member 43 is reduced by the diaphragm mechanism 45, so that the straight of the tool 1 inserted from the distal end of the collet member 43 is straightened. The shank part can be fastened and fixed.

The base end side of the collet member 43 described above is exposed from the sleeve member 41, and a collet nut 46 is screwed to the end portion. A large number of disc springs 47 are inserted in a stacked state in a portion of the collet member 43 exposed from the sleeve member 41.
These disc springs 47 are sandwiched between the sleeve member 41 and the collet nut 46, and urge the collet nut 46 and the collet member 43 toward the proximal end with respect to the sleeve member 41 by the elastic repulsive force. .

A retracting mechanism 48 is formed by the disc spring 47 and the collet nut 46, and the collet member 43 is always retracted toward the back side of the chuck hole 42 by the retracting mechanism 48, and the tip of the collet member 43 is constantly reduced in diameter. Maintained.
Therefore, if the straight shank portion of the tool 1 is inserted from the tip of the collet member 43, the tightening and fixing state of the tool 1 is maintained by the drawing mechanism 48.

  Returning to FIG. 4, the chuck device 40 is inserted into the center hole 22 from the distal end side of the main spindle body 21, and the flange portion of the sleeve member 41 is fixed to the end face of the main spindle body 21. On the proximal end side of the chuck device 40, the end portion of the collet member 43 is disposed to face the distal end of the push rod 36 at a slight interval.

  Here, when the push rod 36 is advanced to the tip side by the push cylinder 35, the collet member 43 is pushed by the push rod 36, and the collet member 43 moves to the tip side against the pulling force of the pulling mechanism 48. By such movement, the outer conical surface 431 of the collet member 43 is separated from the inner conical surface 421 of the chuck hole 42, and the restriction on the tip side of the collet member 43 by the restriction mechanism 45 is released. As a result, the tightening and fixing of the tool 1 on the tip side of the collet member 43 is released, and the tool 1 can be extracted from the chuck device 40.

  As described above, in the chuck device 40, the push rod 36 is advanced to the distal end side by the push cylinder 35 to release the tightening and fixing of the tool 1, and the push rod 36 is returned to return the drawing mechanism 48 and the drawing mechanism 45. Is activated again and the tool 1 can be clamped and fixed.

  An automatic tool changer 50 is installed in the machine tool 10 in order to detach the tool 1 when the chuck device 40 is in the tightened and fixed release state.

1, 2, and 3, an automatic tool changer 50 has a support base 51 installed adjacent to a bed 11 on a basic floor surface, and a tool stocker 52 and a tool on the upper surface of the support base 51. A handler 53 is installed.
As shown in an enlarged view in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, the tool stocker 52 has a large number of tool receiving holes 521 on the upper surface of a rectangular plate-shaped main body. As the tool accommodation holes 521, for example, a total of 100 vertical 10 and horizontal 10 holes are provided.

The tool handler 53 has a turning arm 60 that is a holding unit moving mechanism.
The swivel arm 60 is pivotable with a base end supported by a swivel motor 63, and the distal end side is movable along an arcuate locus (see FIG. 7).
The turning center of the turning arm 60, that is, the turning shaft of the turning motor 63 is installed outside the reachable range of the tip end of the spindle 20 of the machine tool 10 described above.

  The tip of the swivel arm 60 can be disposed in the vicinity of the tool stocker 52 (the state of the solid line in FIG. 7), and can be disposed at the reachable position of the spindle 20 of the machine tool 10 by swiveling (the chain line in FIG. 7). State, see also FIG.

At the tip of the swivel arm 60, a collection side holding part 61 and a supply side holding part 62, which are tool holding parts, are installed.
9 and 10, the collection-side holding unit 61 and the supply-side holding unit 62 have a pair of levers 611 and 612 and levers 621 and 622, respectively, and can hold the straight shank portion of the tool 1 by sandwiching them. is there.

The collection side holding unit 61 can hold the tool 1 in a state where the main shaft 20 is brought close to the tool 1 and the tool 1 is disposed between the levers 611 and 612.
In this state, when the clamping and fixing of the chuck device 40 is released and the main shaft 20 is raised, the tool 1 is extracted from the chuck device 40 and held by the collection side holding portion 61.
Thereby, the tool 1 mounted on the main shaft 20 can be collected in the collection side holding portion 61.

The supply side holding unit 62 is disposed below the main shaft 20 in a state where the tool 1 is held. In a state where the clamping and fixing of the chuck device 40 is released, the spindle 20 is lowered, and the tool 1 held by the supply side holding portion 62 is inserted into the chuck device 40.
In this state, when the clamping and fixing of the chuck device 40 is made effective and the main shaft 20 is raised, the tool 1 is extracted from the supply side holding portion 62.
Thereby, the new tool 1 from the supply side holding | maintenance part 62 can be mounted | worn with the main axis | shaft 20. FIG.

Returning to FIG. 6, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8, the swivel arm 60 can arrange the collection side holding part 61 and the supply side holding part 62 adjacent to the tool stocker 52 by turning.
In order to return the tool 1 from the collection side holding unit 61 arranged adjacent to the tool stocker 52 and to transfer a new tool 1 from the tool stocker 52 to the supply side holding unit 62, a scalar robot is used as a tool transfer mechanism. 70 is installed.

The scalar robot 70 is formed by sequentially connecting a first arm 71, a second arm 72, and a third arm 73 that can turn horizontally. The second arm 72 and the third arm 73 can be displaced in the vertical direction on the rotation axis.
A transfer holder 74 for holding the tool 1 is installed at the tip of the third arm 73.
The transfer holding part 74 has a pair of levers 741 and 742, and can hold the straight shank portion of the tool 1 with these.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the scalar robot 70 operates the first arm 71, the second arm 72, and the third arm 73 to place the transfer holder 74 directly above the collection-side holder 61, The holding unit 74 is lowered, and the tool 1 held by the collection side holding unit 61 can be held by the transfer holding unit 74. Then, the held tool 1 can be returned to the tool stocker 52 by moving the transfer holder 74 to the tool stocker 52.

On the other hand, the scalar robot 70 holds one of the tools 1 accommodated in the tool stocker 52 by the transfer holding unit 74, operates each arm to move to the supply side holding unit 62, and holds the supply side. The tool 1 can be held by the part 62.
Thus, the scalar robot 70 can replace the tool 1 between the tool stocker 52, the collection side holding unit 61, and the supply side holding unit 62.

In the machine tool 10 according to this embodiment , the following operation is performed.
During normal operation, the machine tool 10 performs a cutting process on the workpiece fixed to the table 12 with the tool 1 mounted on the spindle 20.
When exchanging the tool 1, one of the tools 1 stored in the tool stocker 52 is selected by the scalar robot 70 and is held by the supply side holding unit 62 of the turning arm 60. In this state, the spindle 20 may continue machining the workpiece.

Next, the turning arm 60 is turned and the tip thereof is placed on the table 12. In this state, machining by the main shaft 20 is stopped, and the main shaft 20 is disposed above the tip of the swivel arm 60. Then, the chuck device 40 is released, and the currently mounted tool 1 is delivered to the collection side holding unit 61.
Subsequently, the main shaft 20 is displaced and moved above the supply side holding part 62, a new tool 1 is received from the supply side holding part 62, and the clamping and fixing by the chuck device 40 is made effective.

As a result, the new tool 1 is mounted on the spindle 20, and the machining of the workpiece can be resumed as soon as the swivel arm 60 leaves the table 12.
After the tip of the swivel arm 60 returns to the vicinity of the tool stocker 52, the scalar robot 70 picks up the tool 1 held by the collection side holding unit 61 and returns it to the tool stocker 52.

According to this reference embodiment , the following effects can be obtained.
That is, in the present embodiment , the tool 1 and the main shaft 20 are directly fixed by the chuck device 40 installed at the tip of the main shaft 20.
In the chuck device 40, the collet member 43 is drawn into the back side of the chuck hole 42 by the drawing mechanism 48, whereby the collet member 43 is drawn by the drawing mechanism 45, and the tool 1 inserted in the collet member 43 is clamped. The

Thus, since the clamp of the tool 1 is fastened and fixed by the collet member 43, the shank portion of the tool 1 can be fixed securely even if it is straight.
When the collet member 43 is clamped, the tool 1 is tightened by pulling the collet member 43 along the central axis C of the main shaft 20 by the pulling mechanism 48 and narrowing the collet member 43 by the throttling mechanism 45. Therefore, the collet member 43 is not deformed in the rotational direction or biased in the axial direction, such as when the collet member 43 is tightened by a rotary outer cylinder, and can be fixed with high accuracy.

  On the other hand, the collet member 43 is pulled out to the distal end side of the main shaft 20 against the pulling force of the pulling mechanism 48, and the collet member 43 is released from the throttling by the throttling mechanism 45, thereby releasing the clamp of the tool 1 by the collet member 43. The tool can be removed from the main shaft 20.

As described above, in the present embodiment , the collet member 43, the chuck hole 42, the drawing mechanism 45, and the drawing mechanism 48 can be clamped by clamping the tool 1 from the entire circumference while drawing it in the axial direction of the main shaft 20. Can be directly fixed to the main shaft 20, and there is no mechanism or the like that protrudes toward the tip side of the main shaft 20, and the structure of the main shaft portion can be simplified.

In the present embodiment , the collet member 43 can be squeezed when the collet member 43 is pulled into the back side of the chuck hole 42 by the outer conical surface 431 of the collet member 43 and the inner conical surface 421 of the chuck hole 42. The diaphragm mechanism 45 can have a suitable configuration.

In this reference embodiment , a plurality of disc springs 47, which are elastic members for retraction, are used as the retraction mechanism 48, and a retraction force can be obtained by utilizing the elasticity, so that no separate power is required and the structure can be simplified. Is also effective.
Further, the pull-in force can be easily set by selecting the number of the disc springs 47 or the type of the disc springs. Further, the plurality of disc springs 47 can be aligned by being inserted through the central axis, and can be prevented from wobbling even when rotated at a high speed. For this reason, even if it is installed on a main shaft that rotates at high speed, there is no inconvenience.

In the present embodiment , the spindle 20 is supported on the spindle head 16 by the air bearing 32. Therefore, the machine tool 10 that rotates at high speed with high accuracy can be obtained, and the effectiveness of the chuck device 40 described above can be maximized.

In the present embodiment , the automatic tool changer 50 is installed, and the tool 1 stored in the tool stocker 52 can be gripped and attached to the spindle 20 by the tool handler 53. For this reason, the spindle 20 is not restrained except for the time when the tool 1 is attached and detached by the tool handler 53, and the operation stop time of the spindle 20 at the time of tool replacement can be shortened.
In addition, the tool stocker 52 can be installed outside the reach of the tip of the spindle 20, such as the side of the table 12, so that it does not interfere with the operation of the spindle 20, and the operating range of the spindle 20 can be narrowed. Absent.

In the present embodiment , the tool 1 accommodated in the tool stocker 52 is held by the supply side holding unit 62, moved to the vicinity of the spindle 20 on the table 12 by the turning arm 60, and the tool 1 can be mounted on the spindle 20. it can. On the other hand, the tool 1 mounted on the spindle 20 is collected on the collection side holding unit 61 on the table 12 and moved by the swivel arm 60, whereby the tool can be returned to the tool stocker 52.
Therefore, even if the tool stocker 52 is installed outside the reachable range of the tip end of the main shaft 20, the tool 1 can be reliably attached to and detached from the main shaft 20 by the tool handler 53.

In the present embodiment , when the tool 1 is held, the tool 1 is clamped by a pair of tool clamping members (lever 611 to 622, 741, 742). Therefore, even if the shank of the tool 1 is straight, the diameter dimension of the shank is further increased. Even if it fluctuates, reliable holding can be performed.

In this reference embodiment , since the revolving arm 60 is used as the holding unit moving mechanism and the rotation is performed, the sliding portion can be reduced as compared with the linear movement, and inconvenience due to the cutting waste in the sliding portion can be avoided in advance. it can.

[ Embodiment based on the present invention ]
11 to 13 show an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the basic configuration of the machine tool 10, the spindle 20, and the chuck device 40 are the same as those in the reference embodiment described above. For this reason, the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted about the same structure, and a different part is demonstrated below.

In the reference embodiment described above, the rectangular plate-shaped tool stocker 52 is used, and in the tool handler 53, the scalar robot 70 is used for delivery of the tool 1 to and from the revolving arm 60 (see FIG. 7 and the like).
On the other hand, in the automatic tool changer 50A of the present embodiment, a disk-shaped tool stocker 52A is used as shown in FIG.
In addition, a lift mechanism that raises the tool 1 from the tool stocker 52A is employed to replace the tool 1 between the collection side holding part 61 and the supply side holding part 62 of the swivel arm 60 and the tool stocker 52A in the tool handler 53. Has been.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the tool stocker 52 </ b> A is formed in a disk shape, and a large number of tool receiving holes 521 are formed along the outer peripheral edge. Further, the tool stocker 52A is rotatably supported at the center, and can be rotated by a motor (not shown).

Tool pots 522 are inserted into the tool receiving holes 521, respectively.
The tool pot 522 is held in a state where the outer peripheral flange portion is locked in the tool receiving hole 521 and is suspended downward.
The tool 1 is accommodated in the tool accommodation hole 521 through these tool pots 522.

  In FIG. 12, the tool stocker 52 </ b> A is stopped at a position where one of the tool accommodation holes 521 is directly below the collection side holding part 61 of the turning arm 60 and the other is directly below the supply side holding part 62. Thereby, the tool 1 accommodated in the tool accommodation hole 521 immediately below the supply side holding part 62 is transferred to the supply side holding part 62, and the tool 1 held in the collection side holding part 61 is stored in the tool storage directly below. Returned to hole 521.

  In order to deliver the tool 1 to the collection side holding unit 61 and the supply side holding unit 62, a collection side lift mechanism 523 for raising the tool pot 522 and a supply side lift mechanism 524 are installed below the tool stocker 52A. Yes.

The collection-side lift mechanism 523 operates with an air cylinder or the like, pushes up the tool pot 522 immediately below the collection-side holding unit 61, and receives the tool 1 held by the collection-side holding unit 61.
The supply-side lift mechanism 524 operates with an air cylinder or the like, pushes up the tool pot 522 immediately below the supply-side holding unit 62, and lifts and holds the tool 1 to the supply-side holding unit 62.

Accordingly, the tool 1 is replaced between the collection side holding part 61 and the supply side holding part 62 of the turning arm 60 by the tool stocker 52A having the collection side lift mechanism 523, the supply side lift mechanism 524, and the tool pot 522. Can be performed reliably.
Thereby, also by this embodiment, the effect similar to the reference form mentioned above can be acquired.

[Other Embodiments]
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and the like within a scope in which the object of the present invention can be achieved are included in the present invention.
In the chuck device 40 of the above-described embodiment, when releasing the clamp of the tool 1, another mechanism for releasing the pulling force of the pulling mechanism 48 may be used, or the collet member 43 resists the pulling force of the pulling mechanism 48. Another drive mechanism for moving the may be used. For example, the collet member 43 can be driven by supplying pressurized air through a coolant hole passed through the center hole 22 of the main shaft 20.

  The throttle mechanism 45 is not limited to a conical surface, and a plurality of protrusions are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the collet member 43 or the inner surface of the chuck hole 42 so as to be evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and extend in the direction of the central axis C of the main shaft 20. The surface may be inclined surfaces closer to the central axis C toward the back side of the chuck hole 42, and these inclined surfaces may be used as a diaphragm mechanism.

As the pull-in mechanism 48, the pull-in elastic member is not limited to the plurality of disc springs 47, and may be a coil spring or other elastic member, or a material that is volume-compressed.
The structure for rotatably supporting the main shaft 20 on the main shaft head 16 is not limited to the air bearing 32, and other bearings may be used as long as the desired accuracy and rotation speed can be obtained.

  In the above embodiment, the chuck device 40 is packaged, the collet member 43 is accommodated in the sleeve member 41 having the chuck hole 42, and the throttle mechanism 45 and the retracting mechanism 48 are further included. On the other hand, the throttle mechanism 45 or the retracting mechanism 48 may be removed from the package and configured in the spindle assembly 30, or the chuck device 40 is not packaged and the chuck hole 42 is directly formed in the spindle main body 21. Alternatively, the collet member 43 may be accommodated.

  The collection-side holding unit 61 and the supply-side holding unit 62 may be installed so as to be movable on the turning arm 60 instead of being fixed to the turning arm 60. After removing the tool 1 from the main shaft 20, the tool 1 is mounted on the swivel arm 60 so that the collection side holding portion 61 and the supply side holding portion 62 are interchanged, so that the new tool 1 is mounted without moving the main shaft 20. be able to.

The holding unit moving mechanism is not limited to rotation like the turning arm 60, and may be linear movement.
For example, when the main part of the machine tool 10 including the spindle 20 is covered with a dust-proof case and the main parts of the tool stockers 52 and 52A and the tool handler 53 are installed outside the dust-proof case, the dust-proof case includes a tool of the holding unit moving mechanism. Although a door or the like for entering and exiting the holding portion side is required, the door or the like can be made to have a minimum size if it is configured to move linearly.

  The present invention can be used for a machine tool for performing high-precision cutting under high rotation.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tool, 10 ... Machine tool, 11 ... Bed, 12 ... Table, 13 ... Column, 14 ... Crossbar, 15 ... Saddle, 16 ... Spindle head, 20 ... Spindle, 21 ... Spindle body, 22 ... Center hole, 30 ... Spindle assembly, 31 ... Assembly case, 32 ... Air bearing, 33 ... Air supply path, 34 ... Drive motor, 35 ... Push cylinder, 36 ... Push rod, 40 ... Chuck device, 41 ... Sleeve member, 42 ... Chuck hole, 421 ... Inner conical surface, 43 ... Collet member, 431 ... Outer conical surface, 45 ... Drawing mechanism, 46 ... Collet nut, 47 ... Belleville spring, 48 ... Retraction mechanism, 50, 50A ... Automatic tool changer, 51 ... Support base 52, 52A ... tool stocker, 521 ... tool accommodation hole, 522 ... tool pot, 523 ... recovery side lift mechanism, 524 ... supply side lift mechanism, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Tool handler, 60 ... Turning arm, 61 ... Collection side holding part, 611 ... Lever, 62 ... Supply side holding part, 621 ... Lever, 63 ... Turning motor, 70 ... Scalar robot, 71 ... First arm, 72 ... 2nd arm, 73 ... 3rd arm, 74 ... Holding part for transfer, 741 ... Lever, C ... Center axis.

Claims (9)

A spindle rotatably supported by the spindle head, a chuck device installed at the tip of the spindle, a tool chucked by the chuck device, and installed outside the reachable range of the tip of the spindle and storing the tool A tool handler capable of holding the tool, a tool handler for mounting the tool stored in the tool stocker on the spindle, and between the tool stocker and the tool holder. A tool transfer mechanism for transferring the tool, and a machine tool comprising :
The chuck device includes a cylindrical collet member into which the tool can be inserted, a chuck hole that is open to an end surface of the main shaft and can accommodate the collet member, an outer periphery of the collet member, and an inner periphery of the chuck hole. And a drawing mechanism that has a tapered surface that is close to the central axis of the main shaft from the opening of the chuck hole toward the back side, and a drawing mechanism that pulls the collet member from the opening of the chuck hole to the back side and, the possess,
The tool stocker is formed in a disk shape, and a central portion is rotatably supported, and a plurality of tool receiving holes are formed along an outer peripheral edge, and a tool pot is suspended in each of the tool receiving holes. The tool is stored in the tool pot,
The machine tool, wherein the tool transfer mechanism is a lift mechanism that is installed below the tool stocker and raises the tool pot to be received by the tool holder . The machine tool according to claim 1,
The throttle mechanism includes an outer conical surface formed on the outer periphery of the collet member and having the tip end side of the main shaft widened; an inner conical surface formed on the inner periphery of the chuck hole and intimately contacting the outer conical surface; A machine tool characterized by comprising: In the machine tool according to claim 1 or 2,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the retracting mechanism includes a retracting elastic member that biases the collet member toward the opposite side of the main shaft with respect to the main shaft. In the machine tool according to claim 3,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the pull-in elastic members are a plurality of disc springs stacked in an axial direction of the main shaft. In the machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the spindle is supported by the spindle head via an air bearing. In the machine tool according to claim 5 ,
The tool handler, machine tool pre SL tool holder and having a holding portion moving Organization moved from the tool stocker to reachable position of the main shaft. In the machine tool according to claim 6 ,
The tool holding unit includes a pair of tool clamping members that clamp the tool. In the machine tool according to claim 6 or 7 ,
The tool holding unit includes a supply side holding unit that holds the tool to be mounted on the main shaft, and a collection side holding unit that holds the tool collected from the main shaft. The machine tool according to any one of claims 6 to 8 ,
The holding unit moving mechanism is a revolving arm having a rotation center outside the reachable range of the tip of the main shaft and capable of swiveling from the position of the tool stocker to the reachable position of the main shaft. Machine Tools.

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