JP6399874B2 - Methods for predicting anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects of compounds - Google Patents
Methods for predicting anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects of compounds Download PDFInfo
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- JP6399874B2 JP6399874B2 JP2014190001A JP2014190001A JP6399874B2 JP 6399874 B2 JP6399874 B2 JP 6399874B2 JP 2014190001 A JP2014190001 A JP 2014190001A JP 2014190001 A JP2014190001 A JP 2014190001A JP 6399874 B2 JP6399874 B2 JP 6399874B2
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Description
本発明は、化合物の抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する方法に関するものである。本発明は、より詳細には、細胞におけるα4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用の阻害度を指標として細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤の抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for predicting the anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect of a compound. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for predicting an anti-inflammatory effect or an immunosuppressive effect of a cell adhesion inhibitor or a cell infiltration inhibitor using the degree of inhibition of the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in a cell as an index. It is about.
炎症反応においては、好中球やリンパ球等に代表される白血球の浸潤像が炎症部位に認められる。白血球の浸潤とは、好中球やリンパ球等の白血球が、サイトカイン、ケモカイン、リピッド及び補体等によって惹起され活性化することにより、IL−1やTNFαなどのサイトカインにより活性化した血管内皮細胞とローリング(ro11ing)又はテターリング(tethering)と呼ばれる相互作用を行い、血管内皮細胞と接着(adhesion)した後、血管外及び周辺組織に遊走することである。 In the inflammatory reaction, an infiltrated image of leukocytes represented by neutrophils and lymphocytes is observed at the inflamed site. Leukocyte infiltration refers to vascular endothelial cells activated by cytokines such as IL-1 and TNFα when leukocytes such as neutrophils and lymphocytes are activated and activated by cytokines, chemokines, lipids and complements, etc. And an interaction called rolling (talling) or tethering, adhere to vascular endothelial cells, and migrate to extravascular and surrounding tissues.
以下に記すように、様々な炎症性疾患及び自己免疫疾患と白血球の接着または浸潤との関連性が報告されている。これらのことからも細胞接着抑制または細胞浸潤抑制作用を有する化合物がそれらの治療または予防剤となりうることが期待できる。
(1)炎症性腸疾患(潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病など)の治療または予防剤(非特許文献1,2,3参照)
(2)過敏性腸症候群の治療または予防剤(非特許文献4参照)
(3)リウマチ関節炎の治療または予防剤(非特許文献5参照)
(4)乾癬の治療または予防剤(非特許文献6参照)
(5)多発性硬化症の治療または予防剤(非特許文献7参照)
(6)喘息の治療または予防剤(非特許文献8参照)
(7)アトピー性皮膚炎の治療または予防剤(非特許文献9参照)
As noted below, various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases have been reported to be associated with leukocyte adhesion or infiltration. From these facts, it can be expected that compounds having cell adhesion inhibitory activity or cell infiltration inhibitory activity can be used as therapeutic or preventive agents for them.
(1) Therapeutic or prophylactic agent for inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, etc.) (see Non-Patent Documents 1, 2 and 3)
(2) Treatment or prevention agent for irritable bowel syndrome (see Non-Patent Document 4)
(3) Rheumatoid arthritis treatment or prevention agent (see Non-Patent Document 5)
(4) Psoriasis treatment or prevention agent (see Non-Patent Document 6)
(5) Treatment or prevention agent for multiple sclerosis (see Non-Patent Document 7)
(6) Asthma treatment or prevention agent (see Non-Patent Document 8)
(7) Atopic dermatitis treatment or prevention agent (see Non-Patent Document 9)
細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤として、下記の化合物に代表される1,2−ジ(環式基)置換ベンゼン化合物が知られている(特許文献1、特許文献2参照)。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩
As cell adhesion inhibitors or cell infiltration inhibitors, 1,2-di (cyclic group) -substituted benzene compounds represented by the following compounds are known (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-Tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate
これらの化合物は、1)αインテグリンの共通保存配列であるKXGFFKRとカルレティキュリンを用いたcell free binding assay系、および2)NMR解析により、カルレティキュリンを標的分子とし、インテグリン−カルレティキュリン細胞内相互作用を阻害することにより、リンパ球および好中球双方の細胞接着・浸潤を抑制し、炎症性腸疾患などの動物モデルにおいて薬効を示すことが明らかとなった(非特許文献10参照)。 These compounds consist of 1) a cell free binding assay system using KXGFFKR, which is a conserved sequence of α integrin, and calreticulin, and 2) by NMR analysis, targeting calreticulin as a target molecule, integrin-calreti By inhibiting the interaction between culin cells, cell adhesion and infiltration of both lymphocytes and neutrophils are suppressed, and it has been clarified that they have medicinal effects in animal models such as inflammatory bowel disease (non-patent literature). 10).
ところで、細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤の効果を投与前に予測すること、細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤の効果のある濃度を決定すること、細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤の投与スケジュールを決定すること、細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤の効果のある患者を選択することは、細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤を用いた治療を効率よく進め、患者のQOL向上に貢献するために、非常に有用である。また、細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤の効果を投与前に予測することは、治療を受ける患者にとって無効な薬剤の投与の回避、副作用の軽減などを可能とするために、非常に有益であり、かつ重要事項である。しかしながら、細胞接着抑制剤または細胞浸潤抑制剤の効果を投与前に予測する方法等については、有効な方法は、未だ見つかっていない。 By the way, predicting the effect of cell adhesion inhibitor or cell infiltration inhibitor before administration, determining the effective concentration of cell adhesion inhibitor or cell infiltration inhibitor, cell adhesion inhibitor or cell infiltration inhibitor Determining the administration schedule and selecting patients who are effective for cell adhesion inhibitors or cell infiltration inhibitors are effective in promoting treatment with cell adhesion inhibitors or cell invasion inhibitors and improving patient QOL. Very useful to contribute. In addition, predicting the effects of cell adhesion inhibitors or cell infiltration inhibitors before administration is extremely beneficial because it can avoid administration of drugs that are ineffective for patients undergoing treatment and reduce side effects. Yes and important. However, no effective method has yet been found for a method for predicting the effect of a cell adhesion inhibitor or a cell infiltration inhibitor before administration.
本発明の課題は、細胞接着抑制剤および細胞浸潤抑制剤である、化合物AおよびBの抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting the anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect of compounds A and B, which are a cell adhesion inhibitor and a cell infiltration inhibitor.
本発明者らは、上記事情に鑑み、鋭意研究を行った結果、白血球の接着および浸潤に起因する種々の炎症性疾患及び自己免疫疾患において、α4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用を簡便に検出できる新たな細胞アッセイ系を構築することで、細胞接着抑制剤および細胞浸潤抑制剤である、化合物AおよびBの抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する方法を見出し、本発明を完成した。すなわち本発明は、以下の[1]〜[16]を提供する。
[1]化合物の抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する方法であって、患者由来の細胞における、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する工程と、測定された阻害度を指標として、化合物に対する患者の感受性を判断する工程と、患者の感受性を指標として、化合物の抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する工程と、を含み、化合物は下記の化合物AまたはBであり、患者は炎症性疾患もしくは自己免疫疾患に罹患している、または罹患していると疑われるものである、方法。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩
[2]相互作用の阻害度の測定方法が、Proximity Ligation Assay法(以下、PLA法と略す)である、[1]記載の方法。
[3]Proximity Ligation Assay法において、一次抗体として異種動物から得られた、抗ヒトインテグリン抗体と抗ヒトカルレティキュリン抗体を使用する、[2]記載の方法。
[4]PLA法において、一次抗体として抗ヒトインテグリンウサギ抗体と抗ヒトカルレティキュリンマウス抗体を使用する、[3]記載の方法。
[5]化合物が化合物Aである、[1]〜[4]のいずれか記載の方法。
[6]化合物が化合物Bである、[1]〜[4]のいずれか記載の方法。
[7]細胞が白血球である、[1]〜[6]のいずれか記載の方法。
[8]細胞が、炎症性腸疾患、過敏性腸症候群、リウマチ関節炎、乾癬、多発性硬化症、喘息またはアトピー性皮膚炎の患者由来の白血球である、[1]〜[6]のいずれか記載の方法。
[9]細胞が、炎症性腸疾患の患者由来の白血球である、[1]〜[6]のいずれか記載の方法。
[10]細胞が、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病の患者由来の白血球である、[1]〜[6]のいずれか記載の方法。
[11]α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する工程の前に、赤血球画分を含まない固定化された白血球画分を得る工程であって、患者から採取された全血を溶血処理し、白血球を固定化し、遠心操作により白血球画分を単離する工程を含む、[7]〜[10]のいずれか記載の方法。
[12]α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する工程の前に剥離防止処理されたスライドガラス上に赤血球画分を含まない固定化された白血球画分を塗布した塗沫標本を作製する工程を含む、[11]記載の方法。
[13]炎症性腸疾患、過敏性腸症候群、リウマチ関節炎、乾癬、多発性硬化症、喘息またはアトピー性皮膚炎に罹患している患者の化合物に対する感受性の検査の指標とするために、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する方法であって、患者由来の白血球におけるα4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度をProximity Ligation Assay法で測定する工程を含み、化合物は下記の化合物AまたはBである、方法。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩
[14]患者が炎症性腸疾患に罹患している患者である[13]記載の方法。
[15]α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度をProximity Ligation Assay法で測定する工程の前に、赤血球画分を含まない固定化された白血球画分を得る工程であって、患者から採取された全血を溶血処理し、白血球を固定化し、遠心操作により白血球画分を単離する工程を含む、[13]または[14]記載の方法。
[16]α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度をProximity Ligation Assay法で測定する工程の前に、剥離防止処理されたスライドガラス上に赤血球画分を含まない固定化された白血球画分を塗布した塗沫標本を作製する工程を含む、[15]記載の方法。
In light of the above circumstances, the present inventors have conducted extensive research, and as a result, in various inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases caused by adhesion and infiltration of leukocytes, the α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction can be simplified. By constructing a new cell assay system that can be detected, a method for predicting the anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect of compounds A and B, which are cell adhesion inhibitors and cell infiltration inhibitors, was found and the present invention was completed. That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [16].
[1] A method for predicting an anti-inflammatory effect or an immunosuppressive effect of a compound, the method comprising measuring a degree of inhibition of the compound with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in a patient-derived cell, and measurement And determining the sensitivity of the patient to the compound using the degree of inhibition as an index, and predicting the anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect of the compound using the patient sensitivity as an index. Or B, wherein the patient is suffering from or suspected of suffering from an inflammatory or autoimmune disease.
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate [2] The method according to [1], wherein the inhibition degree of interaction is the Proximity Ligation Assay method (hereinafter abbreviated as PLA method).
[3] The method according to [2], wherein in the Proximity Ligation Assay method, an anti-human integrin antibody and an anti-human calreticulin antibody obtained from a heterologous animal are used as primary antibodies.
[4] The method according to [3], wherein an anti-human integrin rabbit antibody and an anti-human calreticulin mouse antibody are used as primary antibodies in the PLA method.
[5] The method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the compound is Compound A.
[6] The method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the compound is Compound B.
[7] The method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the cells are leukocytes.
[8] Any of [1] to [6], wherein the cell is a leukocyte derived from a patient with inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma or atopic dermatitis The method described.
[9] The method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the cells are leukocytes derived from a patient with inflammatory bowel disease.
[10] The method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the cells are leukocytes derived from a patient with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
[11] A step of obtaining an immobilized leukocyte fraction that does not contain an erythrocyte fraction prior to the step of measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin, comprising: The method according to any one of [7] to [10], which comprises a step of hemolyzing the collected whole blood, immobilizing white blood cells, and isolating the white blood cell fraction by centrifugation.
[12] An immobilized leukocyte fraction containing no erythrocyte fraction on a slide glass that has been subjected to anti-detachment treatment before the step of measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin. The method according to [11], comprising a step of preparing an applied smear.
[13] In order to serve as an indicator for testing sensitivity to compounds of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma or atopic dermatitis, A method for measuring the degree of inhibition of a compound with respect to the interaction between integrin and calreticulin, wherein the degree of inhibition of a compound with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in a patient-derived leukocyte is determined by a Proximity Ligation Assay method And the compound is the following compound A or B.
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate [14] The method according to [13], wherein the patient is suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.
[15] A step of obtaining an immobilized leukocyte fraction not containing an erythrocyte fraction before the step of measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin by the Proximity Ligation Assay method. The method according to [13] or [14], further comprising a step of hemolyzing whole blood collected from a patient, immobilizing leukocytes, and isolating a leukocyte fraction by centrifugation.
[16] Immobilization without erythrocyte fraction on slide glass treated to prevent peeling before the step of measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin by the Proximity Ligation Assay method The method of [15] including the process of producing the smear which apply | coated the obtained leukocyte fraction.
本発明は、さらに、以下の[P1]〜[P11]及び[P12’]〜[P13’]を提供する。
[P1]化合物が抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い患者を選択する方法であって、患者由来の細胞における、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する工程と、測定された阻害度を指標として化合物に対する患者の感受性を判断する工程と、患者の感受性を指標として、化合物が抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い患者として選択する工程を含み、化合物は下記の化合物AまたはBであり、患者は炎症性疾患もしくは自己免疫疾患に罹患している、または罹患していると疑われるものである、方法。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩
[P2]患者に対して抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い化合物の投与量を決定する方法であって、患者由来の細胞における、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物阻害度を測定する工程と、測定された阻害度を指標として、化合物に対する患者の感受性を判断する工程と、患者の感受性を指標として、患者に対して抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い化合物の投与量を決定する工程と、を含み、化合物は下記の化合物AまたはBであり、患者は炎症性疾患もしくは自己免疫疾患に罹患している、または罹患していると疑われるものである、方法。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩。
[P3]患者に対して抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い化合物の投与スケジュールを決定する方法であって、患者由来の細胞における、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する工程と、測定された阻害度を指標として、化合物に対する患者の感受性を判断する工程と、患者の感受性を指標として、患者に対して抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い化合物の投与スケジュールを決定する工程と、を含み、化合物は下記の化合物AまたはBであり、患者は炎症性疾患もしくは自己免疫疾患に罹患している、または罹患していると疑われるものである、方法。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩。
[P4]相互作用の阻害度の測定方法が、Proximity Ligation Assay法(以下、PLA法と略す)である、[P1]〜[P3]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P5]PLA法において、一次抗体として異種動物から得られた、抗ヒトインテグリン抗体と抗ヒトカルレティキュリン抗体を、好ましくは、一次抗体として抗ヒトインテグリンウサギ抗体と抗ヒトカルレティキュリンマウス抗体を使用する、[P4]記載の方法。
[P6]化合物が化合物Aである、[P1]〜[P5]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P7]化合物が化合物Bである、[P1]〜[P5]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P8]細胞が白血球である、[P1]〜[P7]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P9]細胞が、炎症性腸疾患、過敏性腸症候群、リウマチ関節炎、乾癬、多発性硬化症、喘息またはアトピー性皮膚炎の患者由来の白血球である、[P1]〜[P7]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P10]細胞が、炎症性腸疾患の患者由来の白血球である、[P1]〜[P7]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P11]細胞が、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病の患者由来の白血球である、[P1]〜[P7]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P12’]α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する工程の前に、赤血球画分を含まない固定化された白血球画分を得る工程であって、患者から採取された全血を溶血処理し、白血球を固定化し、遠心操作により白血球画分を単離する工程を含む、[P8]〜[P11]のいずれか記載の方法。
[P13’]α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度を測定する工程の前に剥離防止処理されたスライドガラス上に赤血球画分を含まない固定化された白血球画分を塗布した塗沫標本を作製する工程を含む、[P12’]記載の方法。
The present invention further provides the following [P1] to [P11] and [P12 ′] to [P13 ′].
[P1] A method for selecting a patient who is highly likely to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect or an immunosuppressive effect, wherein the compound inhibits the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in a patient-derived cell. , Determining the patient's sensitivity to the compound using the measured degree of inhibition as an index, and using the patient's sensitivity as an index, selecting the patient as having a high possibility of having an anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect Wherein the compound is Compound A or B below, and the patient is suffering from or suspected of suffering from an inflammatory or autoimmune disease.
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate [P2] A method for determining the dose of a compound that is highly likely to show an anti-inflammatory effect or an immunosuppressive effect on a patient, the patient-derived cell Measuring the degree of compound inhibition with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin, determining the patient's sensitivity to the compound using the measured degree of inhibition as an index, and using the patient's sensitivity as an index Determining the dose of a compound that is likely to exhibit an anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect on a patient, the compound comprising: Object is A or B, patients are those suspected of suffering is or affected, the inflammatory disease or autoimmune disease.
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate.
[P3] A method for determining a dosing schedule of a compound having a high possibility of exhibiting an anti-inflammatory effect or an immunosuppressive effect on a patient, the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in a patient-derived cell Measuring the degree of inhibition of a compound with respect to the compound, determining the patient's sensitivity to the compound using the measured degree of inhibition as an index, and using the patient's sensitivity as an index to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect on the patient. Determining the dosing schedule of the compound likely to be indicated, wherein the compound is Compound A or B below, and the patient is suffering from or suffering from an inflammatory or autoimmune disease A method that is suspect.
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate.
[P4] The method according to any one of [P1] to [P3], wherein the method for measuring the degree of inhibition of the interaction is the Proximity Ligation Assay method (hereinafter abbreviated as PLA method).
[P5] In the PLA method, anti-human integrin antibody and anti-human calreticulin antibody obtained from a heterologous animal as primary antibodies, preferably anti-human integrin rabbit antibody and anti-human calreticulin mouse as primary antibodies The method according to [P4], wherein an antibody is used.
[P6] The method according to any one of [P1] to [P5], wherein the compound is Compound A.
[P7] The method according to any one of [P1] to [P5], wherein the compound is Compound B.
[P8] The method according to any one of [P1] to [P7], wherein the cells are leukocytes.
[P9] Any of [P1] to [P7], wherein the cell is a leukocyte derived from a patient with inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma or atopic dermatitis The method described.
[P10] The method according to any one of [P1] to [P7], wherein the cells are leukocytes derived from a patient with inflammatory bowel disease.
[P11] The method according to any one of [P1] to [P7], wherein the cells are leukocytes derived from a patient with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
[P12 ′] a step of obtaining an immobilized leukocyte fraction that does not contain an erythrocyte fraction prior to the step of measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound for the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin, The method according to any one of [P8] to [P11], comprising a step of hemolyzing the whole blood collected from the above, immobilizing leukocytes, and isolating the leukocyte fraction by centrifugation.
[P13 ′] Immobilized leukocyte fraction containing no red blood cell fraction on a slide glass that has been subjected to anti-detachment treatment prior to the step of measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound for the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin The method of [P12 '] description including the process of producing the smear which apply | coated.
PLA法を用いた、α4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用を簡便に検出できる細胞アッセイ系を新たに構築することにより、化合物の抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する方法、化合物が抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い患者を選択する方法、患者に対して抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い化合物の投与量を決定する方法、患者に対して抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い化合物の投与スケジュールを決定する方法を確立した。 A method for predicting an anti-inflammatory effect or an immunosuppressive effect of a compound by newly constructing a cell assay system that can easily detect an α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction using the PLA method. How to select patients who are highly likely to show effects or immunosuppressive effects, how to determine the dosage of a compound that is likely to show anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects to patients, anti-inflammatory effects to patients Or the method of determining the administration schedule of the compound with high possibility of showing an immunosuppressive effect was established.
α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリン
本発明で用いるα4−インテグリンは、インテグリンファミリーの一つである。インテグリンは細胞膜貫通受容体タンパク質で細胞接着因子の一つである。本受容体は、α鎖とβ鎖が1:1のヘテロ2量体を形成する。現在、α鎖18種類、β鎖8種類が同定されている。α4インテグリンは、β1あるいはβ7と対となり、細胞接着因子VCAM−1と結合することが知られている。
α4-integrin and calreticulin α4-integrin used in the present invention is one of the integrin families. Integrin is a transmembrane receptor protein and one of cell adhesion factors. This receptor forms a 1: 1 heterodimer of α and β chains. Currently, 18 types of α chain and 8 types of β chain have been identified. It is known that α4 integrin is paired with β1 or β7 and binds to cell adhesion factor VCAM-1.
本発明で用いるカルレティキュリンは、Ca2+イオンを中和したり、新規に合成されたタンパク質や糖タンパク質のフォールディングに関与したりするタンパク質である。 Calreticulin used in the present invention is a protein that neutralizes Ca 2+ ions and participates in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and glycoproteins.
本発明で用いるα4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンは、相互作用することで細胞、特に白血球が刺激され、白血球の浸潤が促進され、ひいては炎症が惹起される。従って、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンの相互作用を抑制すれば、白血球が刺激されることがなく、白血球の浸潤が抑制され、ひいては炎症が抑制されると考えられる。 The α4-integrin and calreticulin used in the present invention interact to stimulate cells, particularly leukocytes, and promote infiltration of leukocytes, thereby inducing inflammation. Therefore, if the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin is suppressed, leukocytes are not stimulated, leukocyte infiltration is suppressed, and thus inflammation is suppressed.
細胞
本発明で用いる細胞は、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンの相互作用が測定できる細胞であれば特に限定されないが、好ましくは白血球である。より好ましくは、炎症性腸疾患(潰瘍性大腸炎またはクローン病)、過敏性腸症候群、リウマチ関節炎、乾癬、多発性硬化症、喘息またはアトピー性皮膚炎の患者由来の白血球である。
Cells The cells used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they can measure the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin, but are preferably leukocytes. More preferred are leukocytes from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma or atopic dermatitis.
α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンの相互作用およびその阻害度の測定方法
細胞接着抑制または細胞浸潤抑制作用を有する化合物AまたはBを投与したのち、α4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用抑制に基づく、それらの抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を確認する方法としてはいくつかのアッセイ方法が考えられる。例えば、1)特許文献1の試験例1に記載された、固相化されたヒトフィブロネクチンに単離された白血球をホルボールミリスチン酸酢酸(phorbol myristate acetate 以下PMAと略す)存在下添加し、細胞内の酵素活性に基づく吸光度変化から接着細胞数を測定する方法、2)特許文献1の試験例2に記載された単離された末梢血好中球を蛍光標識し、固相化されたヒト内皮細胞に、PMA存在下添加し、その蛍光強度から接着細胞数を測定する方法、3)電気泳動によってタンパク質を分離し膜に転写後、標的タンパク質に対する抗体で検出するウエスタンブロッティング法、4)標的タンパク質と抗体とが特異的に結合し、不溶化して沈殿する反応を利用し標的タンパク質を検出する免疫沈降法、5)免疫沈降法によって、標的タンパク質と相互作用する別のタンパク質との複合体を回収、測定する共免疫沈降法、6)さらに共免疫沈降法の応用として、タグ付き標的タンパク質を用い、タグと担体との結合を利用して複合体を回収するプルダウン法、7)生きた細胞内でのタンパク質間相互作用を調べるため、標的タンパク質をそれぞれ異なる蛍光タンパク質(主に、シアン色蛍光タンパク質、黄色蛍光タンパク質など)に連結した融合タンパク質を細胞に発現させ、近接した蛍光分子間の励起エネルギーの移動を利用する蛍光共鳴エネルギー移動法(Fluorescence resonance energy transfer method:以下FRET法と略す)、そして8)Duolink in situ PLATM(Olink Bioscience社 登録商標)法により2種類のタンパク質の相互作用のシグナルを増幅して検出する方法などがある。
Interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin and method for measuring the degree of inhibition Based on inhibition of α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction after administration of compound A or B having cell adhesion suppression or cell infiltration suppression activity As a method for confirming the anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect, several assay methods can be considered. For example, 1) Leukocytes isolated on solid phase human fibronectin described in Test Example 1 of Patent Document 1 are added in the presence of phorbol myristate acetic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as PMA), and the cells A method for measuring the number of adherent cells from the change in absorbance based on the enzyme activity in the cells 2) Humans that have been solid-phased by fluorescently labeling the isolated peripheral blood neutrophils described in Test Example 2 of Patent Document 1 A method of adding to endothelial cells in the presence of PMA and measuring the number of adherent cells from the fluorescence intensity. 3) Western blotting method in which protein is separated by electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane, and then detected with an antibody against the target protein. 4) Target An immunoprecipitation method that detects a target protein using a reaction in which a protein and an antibody specifically bind, insolubilize and precipitate, and 5) immunoprecipitation A co-immunoprecipitation method that collects and measures a complex with another protein that interacts with the target protein, and 6) as an application of the co-immunoprecipitation method, using a tagged target protein to bind the tag to the carrier 7) Pull-down method to recover complex using 7) In order to investigate protein-protein interactions in living cells, target proteins are changed to different fluorescent proteins (mainly cyan fluorescent protein, yellow fluorescent protein, etc.) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer method (hereinafter abbreviated as FRET method) that expresses linked fusion protein in cells and uses excitation energy transfer between adjacent fluorescent molecules, and 8) Duolink in situ PLA TM (Olink B And the like oscience registered trademark) method of amplifying and detecting the signal of the interaction of two proteins by methods.
上記、1)ないし7)記載の測定方法について、α4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用を簡便に検出できる細胞アッセイ系の構築を試みた。
1)および2)については、全血を使用した場合、全血に占める白血球の割合が少ないため、アッセイ系の構築には至らなかった。3)、4)、5)および6)は、いずれも細胞抽出物を用いたアッセイ法である。うち、3)、4)および5)については、タンパク質間、すなわちα4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用が弱く、またα4−インテグリンに結合しているカルレティキュリンの量が少ないせいか、アッセイ系の構築には至らなかった。6)については、カルレティキュリンの量を増やすことにより、α4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用を検出することはできたが、手技的に全血を用いたアッセイには適さないものと思われる。7)については、採取した血液から白血球を単離するために多段階かつ時間を要し、採血直後の細胞の状況を正確に反映できないおそれがある。即ち、上記1)ないし7)記載の測定方法では、α4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用抑制に基づくアッセイ系の構築には好ましくない方法であることが分かった。
Regarding the measurement methods described in 1) to 7) above, an attempt was made to construct a cell assay system that can easily detect α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction.
As for 1) and 2), when whole blood was used, the proportion of leukocytes in the whole blood was small, so that the assay system could not be constructed. 3), 4), 5) and 6) are all assay methods using cell extracts. Among them, for 3), 4) and 5), it is because the protein, that is, α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction is weak and the amount of calreticulin bound to α4-integrin is small, The assay system was not constructed. Regarding 6), it was possible to detect the α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction by increasing the amount of calreticulin, but it was not suitable for the assay using whole blood. Seem. Regarding 7), it takes many steps and time to isolate white blood cells from the collected blood, and there is a possibility that the state of the cells immediately after blood collection cannot be accurately reflected. That is, it was found that the measurement methods described in the above 1) to 7) are unpreferable methods for constructing an assay system based on α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction inhibition.
そこで、PLA法を用い、種々条件検討することにより、内在性のα4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用を細胞レベルで可視化することに成功した。このことは、全血を用いてその相互作用を検出できる可能性を示唆している。本アッセイ系を用いることにより、炎症性腸疾患などの患者の重症度のレベリングや細胞接着抑制または細胞浸潤抑制作用を有する化合物AまたはBの効きやすい患者の選別、あるいは化合物AまたはBの投与量や投与間隔(投与スケジュール)の予測が期待できる。すなわち、本発明者等は、種々のアッセイ系の中からPLA法がα4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用抑制に基づく、それらの抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を確認する方法として好ましい方法であることを見出した。 Thus, by examining various conditions using the PLA method, the inventors succeeded in visualizing the endogenous α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction at the cellular level. This suggests the possibility of detecting the interaction using whole blood. By using this assay system, leveling of the severity of a patient such as inflammatory bowel disease, selection of patients who are easily treated with compound A or B having cell adhesion suppression or cell infiltration suppression effect, or dose of compound A or B And prediction of dosing interval (dosing schedule) can be expected. That is, the present inventors are a preferable method as a method for confirming their anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect based on inhibition of α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction by the PLA method from various assay systems. I found out.
PLA法は、Olink Bioscience社が開発した、1分子レベルでの標的タンパク質を特異的に検出する増感技術である(http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/japan/lifescience/proteomics/duolink.html)。PLA法を用い、α4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用を検出する新たな細胞アッセイ系の構築を、下記の4つの工程において説明する。 The PLA method is a sensitization technology that specifically detects a target protein at a single molecule level developed by Olink Bioscience (http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/japan/lifescience/proteomics/duolink.html). . The construction of a new cell assay system that detects the α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction using the PLA method will be described in the following four steps.
なお、本発明においては、浮遊細胞である白血球をタイプIコラーゲンでコートしたディッシュに貼り付けることにより、測定を行う。 In the present invention, measurement is performed by attaching leukocytes, which are floating cells, to a dish coated with type I collagen.
1)一次抗体と二次抗体の結合
サンプル(白血球の接着したディッシュ)を、ウシ胎児血清を用いてブロッキングした後、標的タンパク質、すなわちα4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンを、それぞれを特異的に認識する免疫動物の異なる一次抗体をサンプルとインキュベーションする。すなわち、相互作用する、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンの2種類のタンパク質それぞれに対する一次抗体を作用させる。α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンはヒトα4−インテグリンおよびヒトカルレティキュリンであることが好ましい。また、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンは、それぞれ全長またはそのフラグメントを用いることができる。あるいは、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンのアミノ酸配列に基づき合成したものを用いることができる。また、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンに対する一次抗体は、モノクローナル抗体でもポリクローナル抗体でも良いが、モノクローナル抗体が好ましい。これらの抗体は、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンをそれぞれマウス、ラット、ハムスター、モルモット、ウサギ、ネコ、イヌ、ブタ、ヤギあるいはウシ等の哺乳動物に免疫して得ることができる。必要に応じて遺伝子組換技術を用いて製造され得るキメラモノクローナル抗体、ヒト型モノクローナル抗体およびヒト抗体であってもよい。ただし、ヒトα4−インテグリンおよびヒトカルレティキュリンに対する免疫動物は異なっている必要がある。好ましくは、α4−インテグリンにはウサギの一次抗体を、カルレティキュリンにはマウスの一次抗体を、それぞれ作用させる。
次に、一次抗体の種類に応じた二次抗体のセットを作用させる。二次抗体は核酸で修飾されており、2種類の二次抗体が近接した場合に、修飾核酸がライゲーション反応を起こし、環状構造が形成されるよう設計されている。このような二次抗体として、デユオリンク インサイチュー PLA プローブを利用することが可能である。より具体的には、一次抗体として、α4−インテグリンにウサギ抗体を、カルレティキュリンにマウス抗体を利用する場合、二次抗体として、デユオリンク インサイチュー PLA プローブ ウサギ PLUS(Duolink In Situ PLATM(Olink Bioscience社 登録商標) probe Rabbit PLUS)およびデユオリンク インサイチュー PLA プローブ マウス MINUS(Duolink In Situ PLATM(Olink Bioscience社 登録商標) probe Mouse MINUS)を利用することができる。
1) Binding of primary antibody and secondary antibody After blocking a sample (dish to which leukocytes adhere) with fetal calf serum, each of the target proteins, ie, α4-integrin and calreticulin, is specifically recognized. Different primary antibodies from the immunized animal are incubated with the sample. That is, a primary antibody against each of two types of proteins, α4-integrin and calreticulin, that interact with each other is allowed to act. The α4-integrin and calreticulin are preferably human α4-integrin and human calreticulin. In addition, α4-integrin and calreticulin can be used in full length or a fragment thereof, respectively. Alternatively, those synthesized based on the amino acid sequences of α4-integrin and calreticulin can be used. The primary antibody against α4-integrin and calreticulin may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody, but a monoclonal antibody is preferred. These antibodies can be obtained by immunizing α4-integrin and calreticulin to mammals such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, goats or cows, respectively. Chimeric monoclonal antibodies, human monoclonal antibodies, and human antibodies that can be produced using genetic recombination techniques may be used as necessary. However, animals immunized against human α4-integrin and human calreticulin need to be different. Preferably, a rabbit primary antibody is allowed to act on α4-integrin and a mouse primary antibody is allowed to act on calreticulin.
Next, a set of secondary antibodies according to the type of primary antibody is allowed to act. The secondary antibody is modified with a nucleic acid, and when two types of secondary antibodies are close to each other, the modified nucleic acid undergoes a ligation reaction to form a circular structure. As such a secondary antibody, it is possible to use a deyurink in situ PLA probe. More specifically, when a rabbit antibody is used as α4-integrin as a primary antibody and a mouse antibody is used as calreticulin, a secondary antibody is used as a deyurink in situ PLA probe rabbit PLUS (Dulink In Situ PLA ™ ( Olink Bioscience (registered trademark) probe Rabbit PLUS) and Deulink in situ PLA probe mouse MINUS (Dulink In Situ PLA ™ (registered trademark of Olink Bioscience) probe Mouse MINUS) can be used.
2)PLAプローブのハイブリダイズとライゲーション反応
サンプルに、リガーゼおよび2種類のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを添加し、インキュベーションすることで、二次抗体の修飾核酸に環状構造を形成させる。α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンが相互作用して複合体を形成すると、二次抗体同士が近接(約40nm)するため、ライゲーション反応が生じ、環状構造が形成される。一方、α4−インテグリンおよびカルレティキュリンの相互作用が阻害され複合体が形成されない場合は、二次抗体同士が近接しないため、ライゲーション反応が生じない。インキュベーションの条件は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは、30〜40℃で10〜60分、より好ましくは、37℃で30分である。
2) Hybridization and ligation reaction of PLA probe A ligase and two types of oligonucleotide probes are added to a sample and incubated to form a circular structure in the modified nucleic acid of the secondary antibody. When α4-integrin and calreticulin interact to form a complex, the secondary antibodies come close to each other (about 40 nm), so that a ligation reaction occurs and a cyclic structure is formed. On the other hand, when the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin is inhibited and a complex is not formed, the ligation reaction does not occur because the secondary antibodies are not close to each other. The incubation conditions are not particularly limited, but are preferably 10 to 60 minutes at 30 to 40 ° C, more preferably 30 minutes at 37 ° C.
3)伸長反応と標識プローブのハイブリダイズ
次に、サンプルに、ポリメラーゼおよび蛍光標識したオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを添加し、インキュベーションすることで、環状構造に沿って一本鎖の核酸が伸長される(ローリングサークル型増幅法;RCA法)。伸長させる核酸すなわち二次抗体を修飾する核酸には、特定のリピート配列が組み込まれるようになっており、蛍光標識したオリゴヌクレオチドは、リピート配列に対してハイブリダイズするよう設計されている。インキュベーションの条件は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは、30〜40℃で60〜180分、より好ましくは、37℃で120分である。
3) Hybridization of extension reaction and labeled probe Next, a polymerase and a fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe are added to the sample and incubated, whereby a single-stranded nucleic acid is extended along the circular structure (rolling circle). Type amplification method; RCA method). The nucleic acid to be extended, that is, the nucleic acid that modifies the secondary antibody, incorporates a specific repeat sequence, and the fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide is designed to hybridize to the repeat sequence. Incubation conditions are not particularly limited, but are preferably 60 to 180 minutes at 30 to 40 ° C, more preferably 120 minutes at 37 ° C.
4)封入剤処理と解析
サンプルを封入剤で処理した後、蛍光顕微鏡、好ましくは共焦点顕微鏡でカルレティキュリンとα4−インテグリンとの相互作用を解析する。この際、核染色のため、DAPI染色またはヘキスト染色を行ってもよい。Duolink In Situ Mounting Medium with DAPIを用いることが可能である。
4) Encapsulant treatment and analysis After the sample is treated with the encapsulant, the interaction between calreticulin and α4-integrin is analyzed with a fluorescence microscope, preferably a confocal microscope. At this time, DAPI staining or Hoechst staining may be performed for nuclear staining. It is possible to use Duolink In Situ Mounting Medium with DAPI.
α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物AまたはBの阻害度
上記PLA法を用いた、細胞におけるα4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物AまたはBの阻害度は、蛍光顕微鏡(好ましくは共焦点顕微鏡)を用いて測定することができる。上記PLA法では、相互作用の強弱は蛍光強度の強弱として表される。したがって、化合物AまたはBの添加により低下した蛍光強度の割合を、相互作用に対する化合物AまたはBの阻害度として表すことができる。例えば、相互作用の阻害度が、好ましくは10%以上、更に好ましくは30%以上、より好ましくは50以上、特に好ましくは70%以上、最も好ましくは90%以上である場合、患者を高感受性であると判断し得る。
Inhibition degree of compound A or B on the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin The inhibition degree of compound A or B on the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in the cells using the PLA method is , And can be measured using a fluorescence microscope (preferably a confocal microscope). In the PLA method, the strength of interaction is expressed as the strength of fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the ratio of the fluorescence intensity reduced by the addition of Compound A or B can be expressed as the degree of inhibition of Compound A or B on the interaction. For example, if the degree of inhibition of the interaction is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50 or more, particularly preferably 70% or more, and most preferably 90% or more, the patient is highly sensitive. It can be judged that there is.
予測または決定する方法
炎症性腸疾患(特に潰瘍性大腸炎もしくはクローン病)、過敏性腸症候群、リウマチ関節炎、乾癬、多発性硬化症、喘息、アトピー性皮膚炎などの白血球の接着および浸潤に起因する種々の炎症性疾患及び自己免疫疾患を有するまたは疑われる患者に、化合物AまたはBを投与したのち、経時的に採血を行う。その後、PLA法により、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する阻害を確認しその程度を測定するとともに、各疾患における、化合物AまたはBに対する感受性を予測することが可能である。化合物AまたはBに高感受性であると判断されれば、これらの化合物を投与することは、種々の炎症性疾患又は自己免疫疾患の治療に有効であると予測することができる。化合物AまたはBに低感受性であると判断されれば、これらの化合物を投与することは、種々の炎症性疾患又は自己免疫疾患の治療に好ましくないと予測することができる。
How to predict or determine Due to adherence and infiltration of leukocytes such as inflammatory bowel disease (especially ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, atopic dermatitis After administering Compound A or B to a patient having or suspected of having various inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases, blood is collected over time. Thereafter, inhibition of the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin is confirmed by the PLA method and the degree thereof is measured, and the sensitivity to compound A or B in each disease can be predicted. If determined to be highly sensitive to Compound A or B, administration of these compounds can be expected to be effective in the treatment of various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. If determined to be hyposensitive to Compound A or B, administration of these compounds can be expected to be unfavorable for the treatment of various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
また、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物AまたはBの阻害度を測定し、その阻害度を指標にすることで化合物AまたはBが抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を示す可能性が高い患者を選択することができる。化合物AまたはBに高感受性であると判断されれば、これらの化合物を投与することは、種々の炎症性疾患又は自己免疫疾患の治療に有効であると予測することができる。化合物AまたはBに低感受性であると判断されれば、これらの化合物を投与することは、種々の炎症性疾患又は自己免疫疾患の治療に好ましくないと予測することができる。 Further, by measuring the degree of inhibition of compound A or B against the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin, and using the degree of inhibition as an index, compound A or B may exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect or an immunosuppressive effect. Patients with high sex can be selected. If determined to be highly sensitive to Compound A or B, administration of these compounds can be expected to be effective in the treatment of various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. If determined to be hyposensitive to Compound A or B, administration of these compounds can be expected to be unfavorable for the treatment of various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
また、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物AまたはBの阻害度を測定し、その阻害度を指標にすることで化合物AまたはBの投与量を決定することができる。阻害度が十分であると判断されれば、化合物AまたはBの投与量は満たされていると判断することができる。阻害度が十分でないと判断されれば、化合物AまたはBの投与量を増加することが好ましいと判断することができる。 Further, the dose of compound A or B can be determined by measuring the degree of inhibition of compound A or B with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin and using the degree of inhibition as an index. If it is determined that the degree of inhibition is sufficient, it can be determined that the dose of Compound A or B is satisfied. If it is determined that the degree of inhibition is not sufficient, it can be determined that it is preferable to increase the dose of Compound A or B.
さらに、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物AまたはBの阻害度を測定し、その阻害度を指標にすることで化合物AまたはBの投与間隔(投与スケジュール)を決定することができる。阻害度が十分であると判断されている期間であれば、化合物AまたはBの投与間隔を維持してもよいと判断することができる。阻害度が十分でないと判断された期間であれば、化合物AまたはBの投与間隔を短くすることが好ましいと判断することができる。なお、各判断する工程においては、医師による診断行為を除くことが好ましい。 Furthermore, measuring the degree of inhibition of Compound A or B on the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin, and determining the administration interval (dosing schedule) of Compound A or B by using the degree of inhibition as an index Can do. It can be determined that the administration interval of Compound A or B may be maintained as long as the degree of inhibition is determined to be sufficient. If it is a period in which the degree of inhibition is determined to be insufficient, it can be determined that it is preferable to shorten the administration interval of Compound A or B. In each determination step, it is preferable to exclude a diagnostic action by a doctor.
化合物AおよびB
化合物A(1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩)および化合物B(1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩)については、それぞれ国際公開第2005/063705号の実施例31、および国際公開第2006/068058号の実施例1記載の合成方法により入手できる。
Compounds A and B
Compound A (1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride) and Compound B (1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3 , 5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate) by the synthesis method described in Example 31 of WO 2005/063705 and Example 1 of WO 2006/068058, respectively. Available.
白血球画分の塗沫標本の作製
患者由来の細胞として白血球を利用する場合、患者から採取された全血を溶血処理し、白血球を固定化し、遠心操作により白血球画分を単離し、単離した白血球画分を用いて塗沫標本を作製することが好ましい。全血の塗沫標本を作製後に固定化処理すると、白血球がスライドグラスから剥落しやすくなるからである。また、全血から白血球を単離する場合、密度勾配遠心法を利用する方法が一般的であるが、密度勾配遠心法は白血球の単離に数時間を要する。インテグリンの活性化は一過性の現象であることが広く知られており、採血から数時間かけて単離した白血球では、患者体内におけるインテグリンの状態を正確に反映されない可能性がある。そこで、より短時間で白血球を単離する方法として、全血を溶血処理し、白血球を固定化し、遠心操作により白血球画分を単離する方法が好ましい。この方法に適した市販の試薬として、例えば、1−step Fix/Lyse溶液(eBioscience社)、Whole Blood Lysing Reagent Kit(Beckman Coulter社)、IntraPrep(Beckman Coulter社登録商標)、WBLyse(Advanced Targeting Systems社)が挙げられ、中でも1−step Fix/Lyse溶液が好ましい。より具体的には、採取直後の全血1mLに、1x1−step Fix/Lyse溶液(1%パラホルムアルデヒド(以下、PFAと略す)含有)を10mL添加し、4℃で24時間保存後に遠心操作(500×g、5分)することで,赤血球画分を含まない固定化処理された白血球画分を単離することが可能である。
Preparation of smear of leukocyte fraction When using leukocytes as patient-derived cells, whole blood collected from patients was hemolyzed, leukocytes were fixed, and leukocyte fraction was isolated and isolated by centrifugation. It is preferable to prepare a smear using the leukocyte fraction. This is because if the immobilization treatment is performed after preparing a smear sample of whole blood, leukocytes are easily peeled off from the slide glass. When white blood cells are isolated from whole blood, a method using density gradient centrifugation is generally used, but density gradient centrifugation requires several hours for isolation of white blood cells. It is widely known that integrin activation is a transient phenomenon, and leukocytes isolated over several hours after blood collection may not accurately reflect the state of integrin in the patient. Therefore, as a method for isolating leukocytes in a shorter time, a method in which whole blood is hemolyzed, leukocytes are immobilized, and a leukocyte fraction is isolated by centrifugation. Commercially available reagents suitable for this method include, for example, 1-step Fix / Lyse solution (eBioscience), Whole Blood Lysing Reagent Kit (Beckman Coulter), IntraPrep (Beckman Coulter registered trademark), WBlyseAd (S). Among them, a 1-step Fix / Lyse solution is preferable. More specifically, 10 mL of 1 × 1-step Fix / Lyse solution (containing 1% paraformaldehyde (hereinafter abbreviated as PFA)) was added to 1 mL of whole blood immediately after collection, followed by centrifugation at 4 ° C. for 24 hours ( 500 × g, 5 minutes), it is possible to isolate the immobilized leukocyte fraction that does not contain the red blood cell fraction.
こうして得られた白血球画分は、剥離防止処理されたスライドグラス上に塗布し、塗沫標本を作製することが好ましい。剥離防止処理されていないスライドグラスを用いて塗沫標本を作製すると、白血球がスライドグラスから剥落しやすくなるからである。剥離防止処理されたスライドグラスとしては、例えば、松浪硝子工業(株)製の剥離防止用スライドグラス(MAS−GP typeA コートおよびフロンティアコート)が塗抹標本の支持能に優れており、白血球が剥落しにくい強固な塗抹標本を作製できる。塗沫標本の作製方法は特に限定されず、引きガラス法(ウエッジ法)、クラッシュ法(押し潰し法)、手伸ばし法、フィルター法及び自動遠心塗沫法(サイトスピン法、オートスメア法など)が挙げられ、好ましくは自動遠心塗沫法である。 The leukocyte fraction obtained in this way is preferably applied on a slide glass that has been subjected to anti-detachment treatment to produce a smear. This is because, when a smear is prepared using a slide glass that has not been peeled off, white blood cells are easily peeled off from the slide glass. As the slide glass subjected to the peeling prevention treatment, for example, the peeling glass for peeling prevention (MAS-GP type A coat and frontier coat) manufactured by Matsunami Glass Industry Co., Ltd. has excellent ability to support a smear, and leukocytes are peeled off. It is possible to produce hard and hard smears. The method for preparing the smear is not particularly limited, and there are drag glass method (wedge method), crush method (crush method), hand stretch method, filter method and automatic centrifugal smear method (cytospin method, auto smear method, etc.) Preferably, the automatic centrifugal smearing method is used.
細胞膜透過処理
次に、塗抹標本中の白血球を、界面活性剤などの細胞膜透過処理剤で処理を行い、抗体等のPLA法に必要な試薬が白血球の細胞内に入りやすくする。細胞膜透過処理剤としては、例えば、TweenTM 20、サポニン、ジギトニン、ロイコパーム(LeucopermTM AbD社 登録商標)、TritonTM X−100、NP−40が挙げられ、好ましくはTritonTM X−100である。より具体的には、100%エタノール(室温 10分)、100%メタノール(室温 10分)及び0.01%TritonTM X−100(室温 20分)の各溶液で順次、白血球の細胞膜透過処理を行う。
引き続き、抗カルレティキュリン抗体及び抗α4インテグリン抗体を添加し、PLA法を実施する。PLA法に使用できる市販の試薬として、Duolink in situ PLATM(Olink Bioscience社 登録商標)及びDuolink In situ−FluorescenceTM(SIGMA−ALDRICH社製)が挙げられる。PLA法によるα4−インテグリン−カルレティキュリン相互作用を検出するアッセイ系は上述の通りである。
Cell membrane permeabilization treatment Next, the leukocytes in the smear are treated with a cell membrane permeabilization agent such as a surfactant to make it easier for reagents such as antibodies to enter the cells of the leukocytes. The cell membrane permeabilizing agent, for example, Tween TM 20, saponin, digitonin, Roikopamu (Leucoperm TM AbD registered trademark), include Triton TM X-100, NP- 40, and preferably Triton TM X-100. More specifically, cell membrane permeabilization of leukocytes was sequentially performed with each solution of 100% ethanol (room temperature 10 minutes), 100% methanol (room temperature 10 minutes), and 0.01% Triton ™ X-100 (room temperature 20 minutes). Do.
Subsequently, anti-calreticulin antibody and anti-α4 integrin antibody are added and the PLA method is performed. Examples of commercially available reagents that can be used in the PLA method include Duolink in situ PLA ™ (registered trademark of Olink Bioscience) and Duolink In situ-Fluorescence ™ (manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH). The assay system for detecting the α4-integrin-calreticulin interaction by the PLA method is as described above.
以下に実施例を掲げて詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これに限定されない。 Examples will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
化合物A(1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン)は、国際公開第2005/063705号の実施例31の記載の方法に従って合成した。化合物C(1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−フェニルピペラジン 塩酸塩)は、下記の方法で合成した。化合物Aは国際公開第2005/063705号に記載されている通り、細胞接着抑制または細胞浸潤抑制作用を有するが、化合物Cはそのような作用を有しない。 Compound A (1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine) was synthesized according to the method described in Example 31 of WO2005 / 063705. Compound C (1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-phenylpiperazine hydrochloride) was synthesized by the following method. Compound A has a cell adhesion inhibitory effect or a cell infiltration inhibitory effect as described in International Publication No. 2005/063705, but Compound C does not have such an effect.
1−(シクロプロピルメチル)−4−フェニルピペラジン 塩酸塩
1−フェニルピペラジン(300mg,1.85mmoL)、シクロプロパンカルボキサアルデヒド(195mg,2.78mmoL)、および酢酸(0.1mL)をテトラヒドロフラン(7mL)に溶解した。この混合溶液に、水素化トリアセトキシホウ素ナトリウム(1.18g,5.55mmoL)を攪拌下に加えた。室温で2時間攪拌した後に、炭酸カリウム水溶液を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出した。この有機層を濃縮し、得られた残渣をNH−シリカゲルで精製(ヘプタン−酢酸エチル)することにより、1−(シクロプロピルメチル)−4−フェニルピペラジン394mgを得た(収率98%)。
なお、NH−シリカゲルは、プロピルアミンコーティングが施された富士シリシア化学社製のChromatorex−NHシリカゲルをいう。
1H−NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.12−0.16(m,2H),0.52−0.57(m,2H),0.87−0.95(m,1H),2.32(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.69−2.71(m,4H),3.22−3.25(m,4H),6.83−6.87(m,1H),6.92−6.96(m,2H),7.24−7.29(m,2H).
1−(シクロプロピルメチル)−4−フェニルピペラジン(394mg)を酢酸エチルに溶解し、4N−塩化水素 酢酸エチル溶液(0.463mL,1.85mmoL)を加えた。これにヘプタンを加え、生成した固体をろ別し、真空乾燥することで、1−(シクロプロピルメチル)−4−フェニルピペラジン 塩酸塩437mgを得た(収率93%)。
MS m/e(ESI)217(MH+).
1- (Cyclopropylmethyl) -4-phenylpiperazine hydrochloride
1-phenylpiperazine (300 mg, 1.85 mmol), cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde (195 mg, 2.78 mmol), and acetic acid (0.1 mL) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (7 mL). To this mixed solution, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.18 g, 5.55 mmol) was added with stirring. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, an aqueous potassium carbonate solution was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified with NH-silica gel (heptane-ethyl acetate) to obtain 394 mg of 1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4-phenylpiperazine (yield 98%).
NH-silica gel refers to Chromatorex-NH silica gel manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Co., Ltd., which has been subjected to propylamine coating.
1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 0.12-0.16 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.57 (m, 2H), 0.87-0.95 (m, 1H) , 2.32 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.69-2.71 (m, 4H), 3.22-3.25 (m, 4H), 6.83-6.87 ( m, 1H), 6.92-6.96 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.29 (m, 2H).
1- (Cyclopropylmethyl) -4-phenylpiperazine (394 mg) was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and 4N-hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (0.463 mL, 1.85 mmol) was added. To this was added heptane, and the resulting solid was filtered off and dried in vacuo to give 437 mg of 1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -4-phenylpiperazine hydrochloride (yield 93%).
MS m / e (ESI) 217 (MH <+> ).
(実施例1)
Duolink in situ PLA TM (Olink Bioscience社 登録商標)を用いたα4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンの細胞内相互作用の検出および化合物AまたはCによるその阻害の検出
Example 1
Detection of intracellular interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin using Duolink in situ PLA ™ (registered trademark of Olink Bioscience) and detection of its inhibition by compound A or C
実施例(1a)一次抗体の結合
0.3mg/mLコラーゲン(TypeI−C、新田ゼラチン社製)でコーティングした35mmφガラスボトムディッシュ(MATSUNAMI社製)に、10%非働化牛胎児血清(テルモ社製)、2%(w/v)L−グルタミン(Sigma社製)、100units/mLペニシリン−100μg/mLストレプトマイシン(Sigma社製)を含むRPMI1640培地(WAKO社製)に懸濁したJurkat細胞を1x106個/wellになるよう2mL/well添加した。これに直ちに、100%エタノール(WAKO社製)で2mMに希釈した化合物AまたはCを5μL/well添加し、続いてジメチルスルホキシド(Sigma社製)で調製した20μg/mL PMA(Sigma社製)を1μL/well添加後、ディッシュを37℃で12時間、5%CO2インキュベーター内で保温した。保温後、ディッシュから上清を除去し、2mLのHanks’Balanced Salt Solution(以下HBSSと略す。GIBCO社製)で3回洗浄し、そこへ3.7%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液(WAKO社製)を含むHBSSを200μL/well添加し、室温で30分間固定した。固定後、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄し、0.1% TritonTM X−100(Sigma社製)を含むHBSSを200μL/well添加し、室温で5分間透過処理した。2mLのHBSSで3回洗浄し、そこへ氷冷した100%のメタノール(WAKO社製)を1mL/well添加して、−20℃で10分間固定した。固定後、ディッシュから上清を除去し、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄し、これに3%牛胎児血清(BSA、WAKO社製)を含むTris−buffered saline with tween20(以下TBSTと略す。Sigma社製)を2mL/well添加し、室温で1時間保温した。ディッシュから上清を除去後、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄し、0.3%BSA/TBSTで2μg/mLと4μg/mLにそれぞれ希釈した抗ヒトα4−インテグリンウサギ抗体(MILLIPORE社製)と抗ヒトカルレティキュリンマウス抗体(SANTA CRUZ社製)を70μL/well添加して、4℃で1晩静置させた。
Example (1a) Binding of primary antibody 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum (Terumo) was coated on 35 mmφ glass bottom dish (MATSANAMI) coated with 0.3 mg / mL collagen (Type I-C, Nitta Gelatin). 1 × 10 Jurkat cells suspended in RPMI 1640 medium (manufactured by WAKO) containing 2% (w / v) L-glutamine (manufactured by Sigma), 100 units / mL penicillin-100 μg / mL streptomycin (manufactured by Sigma) 2 mL / well was added so that it might become 6 pieces / well. Immediately thereafter, 5 μL / well of Compound A or C diluted to 2 mM with 100% ethanol (manufactured by WAKO) was added, followed by 20 μg / mL PMA (manufactured by Sigma) prepared with dimethyl sulfoxide (manufactured by Sigma). After adding 1 μL / well, the dish was kept warm at 37 ° C. for 12 hours in a 5% CO 2 incubator. After the incubation, the supernatant was removed from the dish, washed 3 times with 2 mL of Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (hereinafter abbreviated as HBSS, manufactured by GIBCO), and containing 3.7% aqueous formaldehyde solution (manufactured by WAKO). Was added at 200 μL / well and fixed at room temperature for 30 minutes. After fixation, the plate was washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS, 200 μL / well of HBSS containing 0.1% Triton ™ X-100 (manufactured by Sigma) was added, and permeabilized for 5 minutes at room temperature. After washing with 2 mL of HBSS three times, 1 mL / well of 100% methanol (manufactured by WAKO) cooled with ice was added thereto, and fixed at −20 ° C. for 10 minutes. After fixation, the supernatant was removed from the dish, washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS, and Tris-buffered saline with tween 20 (hereinafter abbreviated as TBST) containing 3% fetal bovine serum (BSA, manufactured by WAKO). 2 mL / well was added, and the mixture was kept at room temperature for 1 hour. After removing the supernatant from the dish, it was washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS, and diluted with 0.3% BSA / TBST to 2 μg / mL and 4 μg / mL, respectively, and anti-human α4-integrin rabbit antibody (manufactured by MILLIPORE) and anti-human A human calreticulin mouse antibody (manufactured by SANTA CRUZ) was added at 70 μL / well and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. overnight.
実施例(1b)PLAプローブへの二次抗体の結合
翌日、ディッシュから上清を除去し、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄した。そこへ、マウスMINUS(1/5量)、ウサギPLUS(1/5量)、1/10 block B(3/5量)の割合で混合したPLA液を70μL/well添加し、37℃で2時間乾燥しないようインキュベーターで保温した。
Example (1b) The day after the binding of the secondary antibody to the PLA probe, the supernatant was removed from the dish and washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS. Thereto, PLA solution mixed at a ratio of mouse MINUS (1/5 amount), rabbit PLUS (1/5 amount), 1/10 block B (3/5 amount) was added at 70 μL / well, and 2 at 37 ° C. It was kept warm in an incubator not to dry for hours.
実施例(1c)PLAプローブのハイブリタイズ反応
保温後、ディッシュから上清を除去し、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄後、hybridization bufferを70μL/well添加し、37℃で15分間インキュベーターで静置させた。
Example (1c) After incubation of the PLA probe hybridization reaction , the supernatant was removed from the dish, washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS, 70 μL / well of hybridization buffer, and allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes in an incubator. It was.
実施例(1d)PLAプローブのライゲーション反応
保温後、ディッシュから上清を除去し、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄した。そこへ、1/40量のリガーゼを含むライゲーション緩衝液(ligation buffer)を70μL/well添加し、37℃にて15分間インキュベーターで静置させた。
Example (1d) After incubation of the PLA probe ligation reaction , the supernatant was removed from the dish and washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS. Thereto, 70 μL / well of a ligation buffer containing 1/40 amount of ligase was added and allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes in an incubator.
実施例(1e)伸長反応と標識プローブのハイブリタイズ
保温後、そこへ1/80量のポリメラーゼ(polymerase)を含むアンプリフィケーション緩衝液(amplification buffer)を70μL/well添加し、37℃で90分間インキュベーターで静置させた。これより、すべての操作は遮光下で実施した。
Example (1e) After incubation and hybridization of the labeled probe and hybridization , 70 μL / well of amplification buffer containing 1/80 amount of polymerase was added thereto, and the mixture was added at 37 ° C. for 90 minutes. It was allowed to stand in an incubator. From this, all operations were performed under light shielding.
実施例(1f)検出
保温後、ディッシュから上清を除去し、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄後、ディテクション緩衝液(detection buffer)を70μL/well添加し、37℃で60分間インキュベーターに静置させた。
Example (1f) After detection and incubation, the supernatant was removed from the dish, washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS, detection buffer was added at 70 μL / well, and left in an incubator at 37 ° C. for 60 minutes. I let you.
実施例(1g)最終洗浄と解析
保温後、ディッシュに2×生理食塩水−クエン酸ナトリウム(以下SSCと略す。)を1mL/well添加し、室温で2分間静置させた。ディッシュから上清を除去し、1×SSCを1mL/well添加し、室温で2分間静置させた。ディッシュから上清を除去し、0.2×SSCを1mL/well添加し、室温で2分間静置させた。ディッシュから上清を除去し、0.02×SSCを1mL/well添加し、室温で2分間静置させた。静置後、ディッシュから上清を除去し、70%エタノール溶液(WAKO社製)を1mL/well添加し、室温で1分間静置させた。そこへ、1mLのHBSSを添加し室温で1分間静置させた。そこへ、1mg/mLのHoechst stainを1μg/mLになるように1μL添加し、室温で5分間静置させた。静置後、2mLのHBSSで2回洗浄し、HBSSを2mL/well添加し、共焦点顕微鏡(Texas Red filter,Hoechst filter,FluoView FV10i,Olympus,Texas Red Ex(nm)/Em(nm)595/612,Hoechst33258 Ex(nm)/Em(nm)352/455)で観察した。結果を図1に示す。化合物Aは、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用を阻害する一方、化合物Cは、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用を阻害しなかった。
Example (1 g) After final washing and analysis and heat retention, 2 mL of physiological saline-sodium citrate (hereinafter abbreviated as SSC) was added to the dish at 1 mL / well and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes. The supernatant was removed from the dish, 1 × SSC was added at 1 mL / well, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes. The supernatant was removed from the dish, 0.2 × SSC was added at 1 mL / well, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes. The supernatant was removed from the dish, 0.02 × SSC was added at 1 mL / well, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes. After standing, the supernatant was removed from the dish, 70% ethanol solution (manufactured by WAKO) was added at 1 mL / well, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 minute. Thereto, 1 mL of HBSS was added and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 minute. 1 μL of 1 mg / mL Hoechst stain was added thereto so as to be 1 μg / mL, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes. After standing, it was washed twice with 2 mL of HBSS, 2 mL / well of HBSS was added, and confocal microscope (Texas Red filter, Hoechst filter, FluoView FV10i, Olympus, Texas Red Ex (nm) / Em (nm) 595 / 612, Hoechst 33258 Ex (nm) / Em (nm) 352/455). The results are shown in FIG. Compound A inhibited the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin, while Compound C did not inhibit the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin.
(実施例2)
Duolink In situ−Fluorescence TM (SIGMA−ALDRICH社製)によるプライマリー細胞(ヒト末梢血白血球)のα4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンの細胞内相互作用の検出および化合物Aによるその阻害の検出
(Example 2)
Detection of intracellular interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in primary cells (human peripheral blood leukocytes) by Duolink In situ-Fluorescence ™ (manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH) and detection of its inhibition by compound A
実施例(2a)健常成人からの全血の採取
100Uのヘパリンナトリウム(エイワイファーマ社製)を含むプラスチックチューブに、健常成人の肘静脈より採取した25mLの全血を添加し、緩やかに混和したのち、実験使用時まで室温で静置した。
Example (2a) Collection of whole blood from healthy adults To a plastic tube containing 100 U of heparin sodium (manufactured by AY Pharma), 25 mL whole blood collected from the cubital veins of healthy adults was added and gently mixed. After that, it was allowed to stand at room temperature until the experimental use.
実施例(2b)白血球の固定及び単離
15mLのポリプロピレンコニカルチューブ(BD FALCON社製)に全血1mL添加した。これに直ちに、ジメチルスルホキシド(SIGMA社製)で5mMに希釈した化合物Aを1μL/チューブ添加し、続いてジメチルスルホキシド(SIGMA社製)で調製した10μM PMA(SIGMA社製)を1μL/チューブまたはリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS;Sigma社製)で調製した10μg/mL SDF−1α(WAKO社製)を10μL/チューブ添加後、チューブを37℃で30−60分、恒温水槽で保温した。保温後、超純水で10倍希釈した1−Step Fix/Lyse Solution(eBioscience社製)を10mL/チューブ添加して転倒混和後、4℃で一晩静置させた。翌日、チューブを500×g 4℃で5分遠心し、上清を除去し得られた沈殿物に0.5%牛血清アルブミン(BSA、SIGMA社製)を含むPBSを2mL/チューブ添加し懸濁して、チューブを500×g 4℃で5分遠心した。チューブから上清を除去し得られた沈殿物に0.5% BSAを含むPBSを400μL/チューブ添加し懸濁した。得られた固定化処理された白血球は、使用時まで4℃保温した。
Example (2b) Leukocyte fixation and isolation 1 mL of whole blood was added to a 15 mL polypropylene conical tube (BD FALCON). Immediately thereafter, 1 μL / tube of Compound A diluted to 5 mM with dimethyl sulfoxide (manufactured by SIGMA) was added, and subsequently 10 μM PMA (manufactured by SIGMA) prepared with dimethyl sulfoxide (manufactured by SIGMA) was added at 1 μL / tube or phosphorus. After adding 10 μL / tube of 10 μg / mL SDF-1α (manufactured by WAKO) prepared with acid buffered saline (PBS; manufactured by Sigma), the tube was kept at 37 ° C. for 30-60 minutes in a constant temperature water bath. After incubation, 10 mL / tube of 1-Step Fix / Lyse Solution (manufactured by eBioscience) diluted 10-fold with ultrapure water was added and mixed by inversion, and then allowed to stand overnight at 4 ° C. The next day, the tube was centrifuged at 500 × g at 4 ° C. for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. To the resulting precipitate, 2 mL / tube of PBS containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA, manufactured by SIGMA) was added. After turbidity, the tube was centrifuged at 500 × g 4 ° C. for 5 minutes. The supernatant obtained by removing the supernatant from the tube was suspended by adding 400 μL / tube of PBS containing 0.5% BSA. The obtained immobilized leukocytes were kept at 4 ° C. until use.
実施例(2c)白血球の塗抹標本作製及び細胞膜透過処理と一次抗体処理
剥離防止コートスライドグラス(FRONTIER、MATSUNAMI社製)に、集細胞遠心装置(サイトスピン3、THERMO SCIENTIFIC社製)を用いて、懸濁した白血球を50μL/スライドグラス添加して、1500rpm 室温で5分遠心し、塗抹標本(スメア)を作製した。これに直ちに、0.01% TritonTM X−100(SIGMA社製)を含むHBSS(INVITROGEN社製)を100μL/塗抹標本添加し、室温で20分細胞直ちに希釈緩衝液(dilution buffer)で2μg/mLと4μg/mLに膜透過処理した。200μLのHBSSで2回(それぞれ室温で5分)洗浄し、そこへブロッキング溶液(blocking solution)を1−2滴/塗抹標本添加し、37℃で60分乾燥しないようインキュベーターで保温した。塗抹標本から上清を除去後、それぞれ希釈した抗ヒトα4−インテグリンウサギ抗体(MILLIPORE社製)と抗ヒトカルレティキュリンマウス抗体(SANTA CRUZ社製)を50μL/well添加して、4℃で一晩静置した。
Example (2c) White blood cell smear preparation and cell membrane permeation treatment and primary antibody treatment peeling prevention coated slide glass (FRONTIER, manufactured by MATSUNAMI) using a cell collecting centrifuge (Cytospin 3, manufactured by THERMO SCIENTIFIC), Suspended leukocytes were added at 50 μL / slide glass, and centrifuged at 1500 rpm at room temperature for 5 minutes to prepare a smear. Immediately after that, HBSS (manufactured by INVITROGEN) containing 0.01% Triton ™ X-100 (manufactured by SIGMA) was added at 100 μL / smear, and the cells were immediately diluted with a dilution buffer for 20 minutes at room temperature. Membrane permeabilization was carried out to 4 mL / mL. The plate was washed twice with 200 μL of HBSS (each at room temperature for 5 minutes), and 1-2 drops / smear of blocking solution was added thereto, and kept at 37 ° C. in an incubator so as not to dry for 60 minutes. After removing the supernatant from the smear, 50 μL / well of diluted anti-human α4-integrin rabbit antibody (MILLIPORE) and anti-human calreticulin mouse antibody (SANTA CRUZ) were added at 4 ° C. Let stand overnight.
実施例(2d)一次抗体へのPLAプローブの結合
翌日、塗抹標本から上清を除去し、200μLの洗浄緩衝液A(washing buffer A)で2回(それぞれ室温で5分)洗浄した。そこへ、PLAプローブ マウスMINUS(1/5量)、PLAプローブ ウサギPLUS(1/5量)、抗体希釈液(Antibody Diluent、3/5量)の割合で混合したPLA液を50μL/塗抹標本添加し、37℃で60分乾燥しないようインキュベーターで保温した。
Example (2d) The day after the binding of the PLA probe to the primary antibody, the supernatant was removed from the smear and washed twice with 200 μL of washing buffer A (each at room temperature for 5 minutes). 50 μL / smear of PLA solution mixed with PLA probe mouse MINUS (1/5 volume), PLA probe rabbit PLUS (1/5 volume), and antibody diluent (Antibody Diluent, 3/5 volume) And kept at 37 ° C. for 60 minutes in an incubator.
実施例(2e)PLAプローブのライゲーション反応
保温後、塗抹標本から上清を除去し、200μLの洗浄緩衝液A(washing buffer A)で2回(それぞれ室温で5分)洗浄した。そこへ、1/40量のリガーゼを含むライゲーション緩衝液(ligation buffer)を50μL/塗抹標本添加し、37℃にて30分乾燥しないようインキュベーターで保温した。
Example (2e) After incubation of the PLA probe ligation reaction , the supernatant was removed from the smear and washed twice with 200 μL of washing buffer A (each at room temperature for 5 minutes). Ligation buffer (ligation buffer) containing 1/40 amount of ligase was added thereto at 50 μL / smear, and the mixture was kept warm at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes in an incubator.
実施例(2f)伸長反応と標識プローブのハイブリタイズ
保温後、塗抹標本から上清を除去し、200μLの洗浄緩衝液A(washing buffer A)で2回(それぞれ室温で5分)洗浄した。そこへ、1/80量のポリメラーゼ(polymerase)を含むアンプリフィケーション緩衝液(amplification buffer)を50μL/塗抹標本添加し、37℃で60分乾燥しないようインキュベーターで保温した。すべての操作は遮光下で実施した。
Example (2f) After incubation and hybridization with a labeled probe, the supernatant was removed from the smear, and washed twice with 200 μL of washing buffer A (each at room temperature for 5 minutes). Thereto, 50 μL / amplification buffer containing 1/80 amount of polymerase was added and incubated at 37 ° C. for 60 minutes so as not to dry. All operations were performed in the dark.
実施例(2g)Hoechst染色
保温後、塗抹標本から上清を除去し、200μLの洗浄緩衝液B(washing buffer B)で2回(それぞれ室温で10分)、その後超純水で100倍希釈した200μLの洗浄緩衝液B(washing buffer B)で1回(室温 1分)洗浄した。そこへ、2μg/mL Hoechst 33342(INVITROGEN社製)を含むPBSを50μL/塗抹標本添加し、37℃で10分乾燥しないようインキュベーターで保温した。すべての操作は遮光下で実施した。
Example (2 g) After incubation with Hoechst staining , the supernatant was removed from the smear, and 200 μL of washing buffer B (washing buffer B) was used twice (each at room temperature for 10 minutes), and then diluted 100-fold with ultrapure water. Washing was performed once with 200 μL of washing buffer B (1 minute at room temperature). Thereto was added 50 μL / smear of PBS containing 2 μg / mL Hoechst 33342 (manufactured by INVITROGEN) and kept in an incubator so as not to dry at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes. All operations were performed in the dark.
実施例(2h)最終洗浄とカバーグラス封入
保温後、塗抹標本から上清を除去し、PBSを200μL/塗抹標本添加した。直ちに、塗抹標本から上清を除去し、封入剤(Gold antifade、LIFE TECHNOLOGIES社製)を1滴/塗抹標本添加し、カバーグラス(MATSUNAMI社製)をかぶせ、室温で一晩乾燥させた。すべての操作は遮光下で実施した。
Example (2h) After the final washing and incubation with cover glass , the supernatant was removed from the smear and PBS was added at 200 μL / smear. Immediately, the supernatant was removed from the smear, 1 drop / smear of mounting medium (Gold antifade, manufactured by LIFE TECHNOLOGIES) was added, covered with a cover glass (manufactured by MATSUNAMI), and dried at room temperature overnight. All operations were performed in the dark.
実施例(2i)観察および解析
翌日、共焦点レーザースキャン顕微鏡(LSM510 ver.4.0,CARL ZEISS社製、Texas Red Ex(nm)/Em(nm)543/560−625,Hoechst33342 Ex(nm)/Em(nm)405/420−480)で観察した。次に、得られた画像を画像解析ソフト(ZEN 2012 lite、CARL ZEISS社製)を用いて解析した。α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンの相互作用由来のTexas Redの赤色シグナル(Intensity sum:単位Gray)を、核由来のHoechst33342由来の青色シグナル(Area:単位Pixel2)で除算し数値化した。なお、Texas Redの赤色シグナルが強力かつ細胞表面積の大きい細胞(単球)は除外して画像解析し数値を算出した。結果を図2及び図3に示す。化合物Aは、PMA刺激によって亢進するα4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用を阻害した。
Example (2i) Observation and analysis The next day, confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM510 ver.4.0, manufactured by CARL ZEISS, Texas Red Ex (nm) / Em (nm) 543 / 560-625, Hoechst 33342 Ex (nm) / Em (nm) 405 / 420-480). Next, the obtained image was analyzed using image analysis software (ZEN 2012 lite, manufactured by CARL ZEISS). The red signal (Intensity sum: Unit Gray) derived from the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin was divided by the blue signal (Area: unit Pixel 2 ) derived from the Hoechst 33342 derived from the nucleus for quantification. The numerical value was calculated by image analysis excluding cells (monocytes) having a strong red signal of Texas Red and a large cell surface area. The results are shown in FIGS. Compound A inhibited the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin that was enhanced by PMA stimulation.
Claims (15)
患者由来の細胞における、α4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度をProximity Ligation Assay法により測定する工程と、
測定された阻害度を指標として、化合物に対する患者の感受性を判断する工程と、
患者の感受性を指標として、化合物の抗炎症効果または免疫抑制効果を予測する工程と、を含み、
化合物は下記の化合物AまたはBであり、
患者は炎症性疾患もしくは自己免疫疾患に罹患している、または罹患していると疑われるものである、
方法。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩 A method for predicting an anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect of a compound, comprising:
Measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound against the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in a patient-derived cell by the Proximity Ligation Assay method ;
Determining the patient's sensitivity to the compound using the measured degree of inhibition as an index;
Predicting the anti-inflammatory effect or immunosuppressive effect of a compound using patient sensitivity as an index, and
The compound is the following compound A or B,
The patient has or is suspected of having an inflammatory or autoimmune disease,
Method.
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-Tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate
患者由来の白血球におけるα4−インテグリンとカルレティキュリンとの相互作用に対する化合物の阻害度をProximity Ligation Assay法で測定する工程を含み、
化合物は下記の化合物AまたはBである、
方法。
化合物A:1−プロピル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン 塩酸塩
化合物B:1−シクロプロピルメチル−4−[2−(3,3,5,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキシル)フェニル]ピペラジン メタンスルホン酸塩 Α4-integrin and calle are used as indicators of susceptibility to compounds in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma or atopic dermatitis. A method for measuring the degree of inhibition of a compound for interaction with ticulin,
Measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound against the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin in a patient-derived leukocyte by the Proximity Ligation Assay method,
The compound is the following compound A or B.
Method.
Compound A: 1-propyl-4- [2- (3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine hydrochloride Compound B: 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4- [2- (3,3,5) , 5-Tetramethylcyclohexyl) phenyl] piperazine methanesulfonate
Immobilized leukocytes containing no red blood cell fraction on an anti-detachment slide glass before the step of measuring the degree of inhibition of the compound with respect to the interaction between α4-integrin and calreticulin by the Proximity Ligation Assay method The method according to claim 14 , comprising the step of preparing a smear coated with the fraction.
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