JP6375549B2 - Power supply system - Google Patents
Power supply system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6375549B2 JP6375549B2 JP2017543263A JP2017543263A JP6375549B2 JP 6375549 B2 JP6375549 B2 JP 6375549B2 JP 2017543263 A JP2017543263 A JP 2017543263A JP 2017543263 A JP2017543263 A JP 2017543263A JP 6375549 B2 JP6375549 B2 JP 6375549B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- curve
- storage pack
- power supply
- charge
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 216
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 144
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 144
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- -1 transition metal sulfide Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 8
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PXLYGWXKAVCTPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethylidenecyclohexane Chemical class C=C1C(=C)C(=C)C(=C)C(=C)C1=C PXLYGWXKAVCTPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005331 diazinyl group Chemical class N1=NC(=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OAEGRYMCJYIXQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiooxamide Chemical class NC(=S)C(N)=S OAEGRYMCJYIXQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018136 Li 2 Ti 3 O 7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015243 LiMg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013086 LiNiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013391 LizN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
- H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
本発明は、電力供給システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a power supply system.
近年、商用電力系統、風力発電、太陽光発電といった電力供給機構と蓄電パックとを組み合わせて電気負荷に接続した電力供給システムの普及が進みつつある。この電力供給システムにおいて、蓄電パックは電力供給機構から供給された電力を貯蔵する機能や、電力供給機構からの供給電力を安定化する系統安定化機能を有している。 In recent years, a power supply system in which a power supply mechanism such as a commercial power system, wind power generation, and solar power generation and a power storage pack are combined and connected to an electric load is becoming widespread. In this power supply system, the power storage pack has a function of storing power supplied from the power supply mechanism and a system stabilization function of stabilizing supply power from the power supply mechanism.
例えば、特許文献１では、電力系統に蓄電池を接続した電力供給システムにおいて、電力系統と蓄電池との間で充放電をすることで、電力の安定供給や停電時のバックアップが可能になるとしている。 For example, in Patent Document 1, in a power supply system in which a storage battery is connected to a power system, charging and discharging are performed between the power system and the storage battery, thereby enabling stable power supply and backup during a power failure.
ところで、一般的に蓄電パックは過充電状態や過放電状態になることによって早期に劣化する。したがって、蓄電池の充電状態を表すＳＯＣ（Ｓｔａｔｅ ｏｆ Ｃｈａｒｇｅ：満充電状態の充電量に対する充電容量の割合）が過充放電状態にならない範囲（ＳＯＣ使用範囲）で蓄電デバイスを使用することが望ましい。 By the way, generally an electrical storage pack deteriorates early by becoming an overcharge state or an overdischarge state. Therefore, it is desirable to use the electricity storage device in a range (SOC usage range) where the SOC (State of Charge: the ratio of the charge capacity to the charge amount in the fully charged state) representing the state of charge of the storage battery does not enter the overcharge / discharge state.
上記特許文献１記載の蓄電システムでは、電力系統と蓄電池との間に充放電指示受付部、操作指示受付部、ＳＯＣ監視部、適正値決定部、充放電制御部、及び充放電開始時刻決定部からなる制御装置やスイッチ回路を設けることによって、蓄電池のＳＯＣの監視や制御を行い、蓄電池が過充放電状態にならないように制御していると共に電力系統への充放電の制御を行っている。 In the power storage system described in Patent Document 1, a charge / discharge instruction reception unit, an operation instruction reception unit, an SOC monitoring unit, an appropriate value determination unit, a charge / discharge control unit, and a charge / discharge start time determination unit between the power system and the storage battery. By providing a control device and a switch circuit consisting of the above, the SOC of the storage battery is monitored and controlled so that the storage battery is not overcharged and discharged, and charging / discharging of the power system is controlled.
しかしながら、制御装置やスイッチ回路は高価かつ大型なものであるため、蓄電池のＳＯＣの監視や制御に制御装置やスイッチ回路が必須である上記特許文献１記載の電力供給システムには、高価かつ大型であるという問題がある。 However, since the control device and the switch circuit are expensive and large, the power supply system described in Patent Document 1 in which the control device and the switch circuit are essential for monitoring and controlling the SOC of the storage battery is expensive and large. There is a problem that there is.
本発明の主な目的は、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化を図ることにある。 A main object of the present invention is to reduce the price and size of a power supply system.
本発明に係る電力供給システムは、電力供給機構と、電気負荷と、送電線と、蓄電パックとを備える。電力供給機構は、直流電力を供給する。電気負荷は、電力供給機構に接続されている。送電線は、電力供給機構と電気負荷とを接続している。蓄電パックは、送電線に接続されている。蓄電パックの充放電曲線は、電力供給機構の定格電圧を通過する段差を有している。蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側における平均放電電圧が定格電圧の−２０％以上である。蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が定格電圧の＋２０％以下である。 The power supply system according to the present invention includes a power supply mechanism, an electric load, a power transmission line, and a power storage pack. The power supply mechanism supplies DC power. The electric load is connected to the power supply mechanism. The power transmission line connects the power supply mechanism and the electrical load. The power storage pack is connected to the power transmission line. The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack has a step that passes through the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism. The average discharge voltage on the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack is −20% or more of the rated voltage. The average charge voltage on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack is + 20% or less of the rated voltage.
本発明に係る第１の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線は、電力供給機構の定格電圧を通過する段差を有している。このため、蓄電パックの電圧が、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差において、電力供給機構の定格電圧とほぼ一致する。このため、蓄電パックに電流がほとんど流れない。よって、蓄電パックのＳＯＣをほぼ一定の状態に保持するために、蓄電パックのＳＯＣを監視したり、制御したりするための制御装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 In the 1st electric power supply system which concerns on this invention, the charging / discharging curve of an electrical storage pack has the level | step difference which passes the rated voltage of an electric power supply mechanism. For this reason, the voltage of the electricity storage pack substantially coincides with the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism at the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack. For this reason, almost no current flows through the electricity storage pack. Therefore, it is not always necessary to provide a control device for monitoring or controlling the SOC of the electricity storage pack in order to maintain the SOC of the electricity storage pack in a substantially constant state. Therefore, the price and size of the power supply system can be reduced.
また、本発明に係る第１の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側における平均放電電圧が電力供給機構の定格電圧の−２０％以上である。このため、電力供給機構からの電力供給量の減少や電気負荷における消費電力の増加が生じ、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧が電気負荷が必要としている電圧よりも低くなった場合に蓄電パックから電気負荷への放電が行われる。これにより、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧が、電力供給機構の定格電圧の−２０％よりも低くなることを抑制することができる。よって、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧低下による停電や、電気負荷に障害が生じることを抑制することができる。また、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧や、蓄電パックの電圧等を監視する監視装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 Moreover, in the 1st electric power supply system which concerns on this invention, the average discharge voltage in the low SOC side rather than the starting point of the level | step difference which the charging / discharging curve of an electrical storage pack has is -20% or more of the rated voltage of an electric power supply mechanism. For this reason, a decrease in the amount of power supplied from the power supply mechanism or an increase in power consumption in the electric load occurs, and the power is stored when the voltage of the power supplied from the power supply mechanism is lower than the voltage required by the electric load. Discharge from the pack to the electrical load occurs. Thereby, it can suppress that the voltage of the electric power supplied to an electric load becomes lower than -20% of the rated voltage of an electric power supply mechanism. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a power failure due to a voltage drop of the power supplied to the electric load or a failure in the electric load. In addition, it is not always necessary to provide a monitoring device that monitors the voltage of power supplied from the power supply mechanism, the voltage of the storage pack, and the like. Therefore, the price and size of the power supply system can be reduced.
本発明に係る第１の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が電力供給機構の定格電圧の＋２０％以下である。このため、電力供給機構からの電力供給量の増加や電気負荷における消費電力の減少が生じ、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧が電気負荷が必要としている電圧よりも高くなった場合に電力供給機構から蓄電パックへの充電が行われる。これにより、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧が、電力供給機構の定格電圧の＋２０％よりも高くなることを抑制することができる。よって、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧が過電圧になることに起因する停電や、電気負荷に障害が生じることを抑制することができる。また、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧や、蓄電パックの電圧等を監視する監視装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 In the first power supply system according to the present invention, the average charging voltage on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack is + 20% or less of the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism. For this reason, an increase in the amount of power supplied from the power supply mechanism or a decrease in power consumption in the electric load occurs, and the power is supplied when the voltage of the power supplied from the power supply mechanism becomes higher than the voltage required by the electric load. Charging of the electricity storage pack from the supply mechanism is performed. Thereby, it can suppress that the voltage of the electric power supplied to an electric load becomes higher than + 20% of the rated voltage of an electric power supply mechanism. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a power failure caused by an overvoltage of the power supplied to the electric load or a failure in the electric load. In addition, it is not always necessary to provide a monitoring device that monitors the voltage of power supplied from the power supply mechanism, the voltage of the storage pack, and the like. Therefore, the price and size of the power supply system can be reduced.
本発明に係る第１の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側における平均放電電圧が定格電圧の−２％以下であることが好ましい。この場合、蓄電パックの充放電頻度を減らすことができ、また、蓄電パックの充放電による劣化を防ぐことができるため、電力供給システムの長寿命化が可能となる。蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が定格電圧の＋２％以上であることが好ましい。この場合、蓄電パックの充放電頻度を減らすことができ、また、蓄電パックの充放電による劣化を防ぐことができるため、電力供給システムの長寿命化が可能となる。 In the 1st electric power supply system which concerns on this invention, it is preferable that the average discharge voltage in the low SOC side is less than -2% of a rated voltage from the starting point of the level | step difference which the charging / discharging curve of an electrical storage pack has. In this case, the charge / discharge frequency of the electricity storage pack can be reduced, and deterioration due to the charge / discharge of the electricity storage pack can be prevented, so that the life of the power supply system can be extended. It is preferable that the average charging voltage on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack is + 2% or more of the rated voltage. In this case, the charge / discharge frequency of the electricity storage pack can be reduced, and deterioration due to the charge / discharge of the electricity storage pack can be prevented, so that the life of the power supply system can be extended.
本発明に係る第２の電力供給システムは、電力供給機構と、電気負荷と、送電線と、蓄電パックとを備える。電力供給機構は、直流電力を供給する。電気負荷は、電力供給機構に接続されている。送電線は、電力供給機構と電気負荷とを接続している。蓄電パックは、送電線に接続されている。蓄電パックの充放電曲線は、電力供給機構の定格電圧を通過する段差を有している。蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パックの放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の−２０％以上である。蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パックの充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の＋２０％以下である。 A second power supply system according to the present invention includes a power supply mechanism, an electric load, a power transmission line, and a power storage pack. The power supply mechanism supplies DC power. The electric load is connected to the power supply mechanism. The power transmission line connects the power supply mechanism and the electrical load. The power storage pack is connected to the power transmission line. The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack has a step that passes through the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism. The peak top voltage obtained in the curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the electricity storage pack with respect to the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is −20% of the rated voltage. That's it. The peak top voltage obtained in the curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge curve of the storage pack with respect to the voltage on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack is + 20% or less of the rated voltage. It is.
本発明に係る第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線は、電力供給機構の定格電圧を通過する段差を有している。このため、蓄電パックの電圧が、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差において、電力供給機構の定格電圧とほぼ一致する。このため、蓄電パックに電流がほとんど流れない。よって、蓄電パックのＳＯＣをほぼ一定の状態に保持するために、蓄電パックのＳＯＣを監視したり、制御したりするための制御装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 In the second power supply system according to the present invention, the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack has a step that passes the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism. For this reason, the voltage of the electricity storage pack substantially coincides with the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism at the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack. For this reason, almost no current flows through the electricity storage pack. Therefore, it is not always necessary to provide a control device for monitoring or controlling the SOC of the electricity storage pack in order to maintain the SOC of the electricity storage pack in a substantially constant state. Therefore, the price and size of the power supply system can be reduced.
また、本発明に係る第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パックの放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の−２０％以上である。このため、電力供給機構からの電力供給量の減少や電気負荷における消費電力の増加が生じ、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧が電気負荷が必要としている電圧よりも低くなった場合に蓄電パックから電気負荷への放電が行われる。これにより、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧が、電力供給機構の定格電圧の−２０％よりも低くなることを抑制することができる。よって、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧低下による停電や、電気負荷に障害が生じることを抑制することができる。また、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧や、蓄電パックの電圧等を監視する監視装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 Further, in the second power supply system according to the present invention, a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the electricity storage pack by voltage on the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack. The peak top voltage obtained at -20 is -20% or more of the rated voltage. For this reason, a decrease in the amount of power supplied from the power supply mechanism or an increase in power consumption in the electric load occurs, and the power is stored when the voltage of the power supplied from the power supply mechanism is lower than the voltage required by the electric load. Discharge from the pack to the electrical load occurs. Thereby, it can suppress that the voltage of the electric power supplied to an electric load becomes lower than -20% of the rated voltage of an electric power supply mechanism. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a power failure due to a voltage drop of the power supplied to the electric load or a failure in the electric load. In addition, it is not always necessary to provide a monitoring device that monitors the voltage of power supplied from the power supply mechanism, the voltage of the storage pack, and the like. Therefore, the price and size of the power supply system can be reduced.
本発明に係る第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パックの充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の＋２０％以下である。このため、電力供給機構からの電力供給量の増加や電気負荷における消費電力の減少が生じ、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧が電気負荷が必要としている電圧よりも高くなった場合に電力供給機構から蓄電パックへの充電が行われる。これにより、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧が、電力供給機構の定格電圧の＋２０％よりも高くなることを抑制することができる。よって、電気負荷に供給される電力の電圧が過電圧になることに起因する停電や、電気負荷に障害が生じることを抑制することができる。また、電力供給機構から供給される電力の電圧や、蓄電パックの電圧等を監視する監視装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 In the second power supply system according to the present invention, on the SOC side higher than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack, the charge curve of the storage pack is obtained by a curve (dQ / dV curve) differentiated by voltage. The peak top voltage is + 20% or less of the rated voltage. For this reason, an increase in the amount of power supplied from the power supply mechanism or a decrease in power consumption in the electric load occurs, and the power is supplied when the voltage of the power supplied from the power supply mechanism becomes higher than the voltage required by the electric load. Charging of the electricity storage pack from the supply mechanism is performed. Thereby, it can suppress that the voltage of the electric power supplied to an electric load becomes higher than + 20% of the rated voltage of an electric power supply mechanism. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a power failure caused by an overvoltage of the power supplied to the electric load or a failure in the electric load. In addition, it is not always necessary to provide a monitoring device that monitors the voltage of power supplied from the power supply mechanism, the voltage of the storage pack, and the like. Therefore, the price and size of the power supply system can be reduced.
本発明に係る第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パックの放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の−２％以下であることが好ましい。この場合、蓄電パックの充放電頻度を減らすことができ、また、蓄電パックの充放電による劣化を防ぐことができるため、電力供給システムの長寿命化が可能となる。蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パックの充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の＋２％以上であることが好ましい。この場合、蓄電パックの充放電頻度を減らすことができ、また、蓄電パックの充放電による劣化を防ぐことができるため、電力供給システムの長寿命化が可能となる。 In the second power supply system according to the present invention, the curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the storage pack with respect to the voltage on the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack is obtained. The peak top voltage is preferably −2% or less of the rated voltage. In this case, the charge / discharge frequency of the electricity storage pack can be reduced, and deterioration due to the charge / discharge of the electricity storage pack can be prevented, so that the life of the power supply system can be extended. The peak top voltage obtained in the curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge curve of the storage pack with respect to the voltage higher than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack is + 2% or more of the rated voltage. It is preferable that In this case, the charge / discharge frequency of the electricity storage pack can be reduced, and deterioration due to the charge / discharge of the electricity storage pack can be prevented, so that the life of the power supply system can be extended.
本発明に係る第１及び第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックが、リチウムイオン蓄電池又はニッケル水素蓄電池を含んでもよい。 In the first and second power supply systems according to the present invention, the power storage pack may include a lithium ion storage battery or a nickel hydride storage battery.
本発明に係る第１及び第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックが、リチウムイオン蓄電池を含んでもよい。その場合、リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極が、正極活物質として、Ｌｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４５）、Ｌｉ［ＣｏｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．１≦ｘ≦１）、Ｌｉ［ＦｅｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４５）、ＬｉＦｅａＭｎｂＣｏｃＮｉｄＰＯ４（０≦ａ≦１、０≦ｂ≦１、０≦ｃ≦１、０≦ｄ≦１、ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＋ｄ＝１）及びＬｉ３Ｖ２（ＰＯ４）３からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種を含んでいてもよい。In the first and second power supply systems according to the present invention, the power storage pack may include a lithium ion storage battery. In that case, the positive electrode of a lithium ion battery is a positive electrode active material, Li [Ni x Mn (2 -x)] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.45), Li [Co x Mn (2-x) ] O 4 (0.1 ≦ x ≦ 1), Li [Fe x Mn (2-x)] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.45), LiFe a Mn b Co c Ni d PO 4 (0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 1, 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, a + b + c + d = 1) and at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 Also good.
本発明に係る第１及び第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックが、リチウムイオン蓄電池を含んでもよい。その場合、リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極が、複数種類の正極活物質を含んでいてもよい。 In the first and second power supply systems according to the present invention, the power storage pack may include a lithium ion storage battery. In that case, the positive electrode of the lithium ion storage battery may contain a plurality of types of positive electrode active materials.
本発明に係る第１及び第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックが、リチウムイオン蓄電池を含み、リチウムイオン蓄電池の負極が、複数種類の負極活物質を含んでいてもよい。 In the first and second power supply systems according to the present invention, the power storage pack may include a lithium ion storage battery, and the negative electrode of the lithium ion storage battery may include a plurality of types of negative electrode active materials.
本発明に係る第１及び第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックが、直列に接続された複数の蓄電デバイスからなる複数の蓄電モジュールが並列に接続されてなり、複数の蓄電モジュールは、接続段数が相互に異なる蓄電モジュールを含んでいてもよい。 In the first and second power supply systems according to the present invention, a power storage pack is formed by connecting a plurality of power storage modules including a plurality of power storage devices connected in series, and the plurality of power storage modules is connected to the number of connected stages. May include different power storage modules.
本発明に係る第１及び第２の電力供給システムでは、蓄電パックが、異なる種類の蓄電デバイスを有する複数種類の蓄電モジュールを備えていてもよい。この場合、蓄電パックの充放電曲線に段差を設けることができる。 In the first and second power supply systems according to the present invention, the power storage pack may include a plurality of types of power storage modules having different types of power storage devices. In this case, a step can be provided on the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack.
本発明に係る第１及び第２の電力供給システムのそれぞれでは、蓄電パックにおいて、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側での容量と、蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側での容量との比が１０：９０〜９０：１０の範囲にあることが好ましい。 In each of the first and second power supply systems according to the present invention, in the electricity storage pack, the capacity on the SOC side lower than the start point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack, and the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack It is preferable that the ratio of the capacity on the higher SOC side than the end point of the level difference to be in the range of 10:90 to 90:10.
本発明によれば、電力供給システムの低価格化及び小型化を図ることができる。 According to the present invention, the price and size of the power supply system can be reduced.
以下、本発明を実施した好ましい形態の一例について説明する。但し、下記の実施形態は、単なる例示である。本発明は、下記の実施形態に何ら限定されない。また、実施形態等において参照する各図面において、実質的に同一の機能を有する部材は同一の符号で参照することとする。 Hereinafter, an example of the preferable form which implemented this invention is demonstrated. However, the following embodiment is merely an example. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Moreover, in each drawing referred in embodiment etc., the member which has a substantially the same function shall be referred with the same code | symbol.
図１は、本実施形態に係る電力供給システム１の略図的回路図である。 FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power supply system 1 according to the present embodiment.
図１に示す電力供給システム１は、電力供給機構１０を備えている。電力供給機構１０は、直流電力を供給する機構である。電力供給機構１０は、例えば、ディーゼル発動機や風力発電機、原子力発電機、水力発電機、火力発電機、燃料電池、太陽電池等の各種発電機、内燃機関等を用いて構成することができる。また、電力供給機構１０は、複数種類の発電機構等を有していてもよい。 The power supply system 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a power supply mechanism 10. The power supply mechanism 10 is a mechanism that supplies DC power. The power supply mechanism 10 can be configured using, for example, diesel generators, wind power generators, nuclear power generators, hydroelectric power generators, thermal power generators, various generators such as fuel cells and solar cells, internal combustion engines, and the like. . Further, the power supply mechanism 10 may have a plurality of types of power generation mechanisms and the like.
本実施形態では、電力供給機構１０が、発電機などにより構成されており、交流電力を供給する電力供給部１０ａと、電力供給部１０ａに接続されたＡＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部１０ｂとにより構成されている例について説明する。なお、ＡＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部１０ｂの後段に、さらにＤＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部を接続して電力供給機構を構成してもよい。 In the present embodiment, the power supply mechanism 10 is configured by a generator or the like, and includes a power supply unit 10a that supplies AC power, and a power conversion unit 10b that has an AC-DC conversion function connected to the power supply unit 10a. The example comprised by these is demonstrated. Note that a power supply mechanism may be configured by connecting a power conversion unit having a DC-DC conversion function to a subsequent stage of the power conversion unit 10b having an AC-DC conversion function.
なお、太陽電池等の直流電力を発生させる発電機構を電力供給部として用いる場合は、電力供給部のみにより電力供給機構を構成してもよいし、電力供給部及びそれに接続されたＤＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部により電力供給機構１０を構成してもよい。 In addition, when using the electric power generation mechanism which generate | occur | produces direct-current power, such as a solar cell, as an electric power supply part, an electric power supply mechanism may be comprised only by an electric power supply part, and an electric power supply part and DC-DC conversion connected to it The power supply mechanism 10 may be configured by a power conversion unit having a function.
本願における電力供給機構の定格電圧とは、電力供給機構にＡＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部、ＤＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部等を含まない場合には、電力供給部の出力の定格電圧を示している。 The rated voltage of the power supply mechanism in the present application refers to the output of the power supply unit when the power supply mechanism does not include a power conversion unit having an AC-DC conversion function, a power conversion unit having a DC-DC conversion function, or the like. The rated voltage is shown.
また、電力供給機構にＡＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部、ＤＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部等を含む場合には、これらの最後段の出力の定格電圧を示している。 Further, when the power supply mechanism includes a power conversion unit having an AC-DC conversion function, a power conversion unit having a DC-DC conversion function, and the like, the rated voltages of these last-stage outputs are shown.
電力供給機構１０には、電気負荷１１が接続されている。電気負荷１１は、電力供給機構１０からの電力を、運動エネルギー等の電力以外のエネルギーに変換する機構である。電気負荷１１は、例えば、自動車、船舶、航空機等のモーター、一般家庭、公共施設、民間施設等で用いられる電気製品（例えば、エアーコンディショナー、コンピューター、サーバー等）であってもよい。なお、電気負荷１１の主体が交流電力を駆動力とするものである場合は、電気負荷１１に、ＤＣ−ＡＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部を含んでもよい。また、直流電圧を変換する必要がある場合には、電気負荷１１に、ＤＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部を含んでもよい。 An electric load 11 is connected to the power supply mechanism 10. The electric load 11 is a mechanism that converts electric power from the power supply mechanism 10 into energy other than electric power such as kinetic energy. The electric load 11 may be, for example, an electric product (for example, an air conditioner, a computer, a server, or the like) used in motors of automobiles, ships, airplanes, etc., ordinary households, public facilities, private facilities, and the like. In addition, when the main body of the electric load 11 uses AC power as the driving force, the electric load 11 may include a power conversion unit having a DC-AC conversion function. Moreover, when it is necessary to convert a DC voltage, the electric load 11 may include a power conversion unit having a DC-DC conversion function.
電力供給機構１０と電気負荷１１とは、送電線１２により電気的に接続されている。送電線１２には、蓄電パック１３が接続されている。なお、送電線１２と蓄電パック１３との間には、必要に応じて、ヒューズ、ＦＥＴ（Ｆｉｅｌｄ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｔｒａｎｓｉｓｔｏｒ）スイッチ等が設けられていてもよい。また、蓄電パック１３には、必要に応じて、過充電状態や過熱等の異常の発生を抑制するための制御装置が接続されていてもよい。 The power supply mechanism 10 and the electric load 11 are electrically connected by a power transmission line 12. A power storage pack 13 is connected to the power transmission line 12. A fuse, a field effect transistor (FET) switch, or the like may be provided between the power transmission line 12 and the power storage pack 13 as necessary. In addition, the power storage pack 13 may be connected to a control device for suppressing the occurrence of an abnormality such as an overcharged state or overheating as necessary.
なお、本発明において、「蓄電パック」は、少なくとも一種の蓄電デバイスを含む。蓄電パックのうち、少なくともひとつの蓄電池により構成されたものを「蓄電池パック」とする。従って、リチウムイオン蓄電池パックは、少なくともひとつのリチウムイオン蓄電池により構成された蓄電池パックを意味する。鉛蓄電池パックは、少なくともひとつの鉛蓄電池により構成された蓄電池パックを意味する。ニッケル水素蓄電池パックは、少なくともひとつのニッケル水素蓄電池により構成された蓄電池パックを意味する。 In the present invention, the “storage pack” includes at least one type of storage device. Among the power storage packs, one constituted by at least one storage battery is referred to as a “storage battery pack”. Therefore, a lithium ion storage battery pack means a storage battery pack composed of at least one lithium ion storage battery. The lead storage battery pack means a storage battery pack composed of at least one lead storage battery. The nickel hydride storage battery pack means a storage battery pack composed of at least one nickel hydride storage battery.
蓄電パックは、ひとつの蓄電モジュールにより構成されていてもよい。蓄電パックは、並列に接続された複数の蓄電モジュールにより構成されていてもよい。蓄電パックは、直列に接続された複数の蓄電モジュールの少なくともひとつに蓄電モジュールが並列に接続されたものであってもよい。 The power storage pack may be composed of one power storage module. The power storage pack may include a plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel. The power storage pack may have a power storage module connected in parallel to at least one of a plurality of power storage modules connected in series.
本発明において、「蓄電デバイス」は、鉛蓄電池、リチウムイオン蓄電池、ニッケル水素蓄電池等の蓄電池や、リチウムイオンキャパシタや電気二重層キャパシタ等のキャパシタ等の単セルを意味している。 In the present invention, the “electric storage device” means a single cell such as a storage battery such as a lead storage battery, a lithium ion storage battery, or a nickel hydride storage battery, or a capacitor such as a lithium ion capacitor or an electric double layer capacitor.
本発明において、「蓄電モジュール」は、直列に接続された少なくともひとつの蓄電デバイスを意味する。従って、蓄電パックは、蓄電モジュールを有し得る。 In the present invention, the “storage module” means at least one storage device connected in series. Therefore, the electricity storage pack can have an electricity storage module.
本発明において、蓄電パックが複数の蓄電デバイスを有する場合、それら複数の蓄電デバイスは、同種であってもよいし、複数種類の蓄電デバイスを含んでいてもよい。 In the present invention, when the power storage pack has a plurality of power storage devices, the plurality of power storage devices may be the same type or may include a plurality of types of power storage devices.
図２に示すように、本実施形態では、蓄電パック１３が、直列に接続された複数の蓄電デバイス１３ａにより構成された一つの蓄電モジュール１３ｂにより構成されている例について説明する。具体的には、本実施形態では、蓄電パック１３が直列に接続された４つのリチウムイオン蓄電池デバイス１３ａにより構成されている例について説明する。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, an example in which the power storage pack 13 is configured by one power storage module 13 b including a plurality of power storage devices 13 a connected in series will be described. Specifically, in the present embodiment, an example in which the power storage pack 13 is configured by four lithium ion storage battery devices 13a connected in series will be described.
本発明において、蓄電パックは、一つの蓄電モジュールにより構成されている必要は必ずしもない。例えば、図３及び図４に示すように、蓄電パック１３において、複数の蓄電モジュール１３ｂが並列に接続されていてもよい。例えば、図５に示すように、蓄電パック１３において、直列に接続された複数の蓄電モジュール１３ｂの少なくともひとつに蓄電モジュール１３ｂが並列に接続されていてもよい。 In this invention, the electrical storage pack does not necessarily need to be comprised by one electrical storage module. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, in the power storage pack 13, a plurality of power storage modules 13 b may be connected in parallel. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, in the electricity storage pack 13, the electricity storage module 13b may be connected in parallel to at least one of the plurality of electricity storage modules 13b connected in series.
蓄電パック１３がリチウムイオン蓄電池パックである場合、リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極に含まれる正極活物質としては、遷移金属とリチウムとの複合酸化物、遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属硫化物等の無機化合物、有機化合物などが挙げられる。具体的には、ＬｉＣｏＯ２、ＬｉＮｉＯ２、ＬｉＭｎＯ２、ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４、Ｌｉ（１＋ａ）ＮｉｘＭｎｙＣｏｚＯ２（０≦ａ≦０．５、０≦ｘ≦１、０≦ｙ≦１、０≦ｚ≦１、ｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ＝１）、Ｌｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０≦ｘ≦０．５）、Ｌｉ［ＣｏｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０≦ｘ≦１）、Ｌｉ［ＦｅｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０≦ｘ≦１）、ＬｉＮｉＶＯ４、ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４、ＬｉＭｎＰＯ４、ＬｉＣｏＰＯ４、ＬｉＮｉＰＯ４、ＬｉＦｅａＭｎｂＣｏｃＮｉｄＰＯ４（０≦ａ≦１、０≦ｂ≦１、０≦ｃ≦１、０≦ｄ≦１、ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＋ｄ＝１）、Ｌｉ３Ｖ２（ＰＯ４）３、ＬｉＶＯＰＯ４などの遷移金属とリチウムとの複合酸化物；ＭｎＯ２、ＭｎＯ、Ｖ２Ｏ５などの遷移金属酸化物；ＦｅＳ、ＴｉＳなどの遷移金属硫化物；キノン化合物、ジスルフィド化合物、ジアジン化合物、ラジアレン化合物、ルベアン酸化合物、有機ラジカル化合物などの有機化合物等が好ましく用いられる正極活物質として挙げられる。上記の無機化合物の遷移金属元素を異種元素で置換した化合物を正極活物質として用いてもよい。これらの正極活物質は１種単独で用いてもよく、２種以上の正極活物質を同時に用いてもよい。When the electricity storage pack 13 is a lithium ion storage battery pack, the positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode of the lithium ion storage battery includes a composite oxide of transition metal and lithium, an transition metal oxide, an inorganic compound such as a transition metal sulfide, An organic compound etc. are mentioned. Specifically, LiCoO 2, LiNiO 2, LiMnO 2, LiMn 2 O 4, Li (1 + a) Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 (0 ≦ a ≦ 0.5,0 ≦ x ≦ 1,0 ≦ y ≦ 1,0 ≦ z ≦ 1, x + y + z = 1), Li [Ni x Mn (2-x)] O 4 (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5), Li [Co x Mn (2-x)] O 4 ( 0 ≦ x ≦ 1), Li [Fe x Mn (2-x)] O 4 (0 ≦ x ≦ 1), LiNiVO 4, LiFePO 4, LiMnPO 4, LiCoPO 4, LiNiPO 4, LiFe a Mn b Co c Ni d PO 4 (0 ≦ a ≦ 1,0 ≦ b ≦ 1,0 ≦ c ≦ 1,0 ≦ d ≦ 1, a + b + c + d = 1), Li 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3, and transition metals such as LiVOPO 4 composite oxide of lithium; MnO 2, MnO, a V 2 O 5 Transition metal oxides; transition metal sulfides such as FeS and TiS; organic compounds such as quinone compounds, disulfide compounds, diazine compounds, radialene compounds, rubeanic acid compounds, and organic radical compounds, etc. . A compound obtained by substituting the transition metal element of the above inorganic compound with a different element may be used as the positive electrode active material. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more positive electrode active materials.
リチウムイオン蓄電池の負極に含まれる負極活物質としては、遷移金属とリチウムとの複合酸化物、金属酸化物、合金系材料、遷移金属硫化物等の無機化合物、炭素材料、有機化合物、リチウム金属などが挙げられる。具体的にはＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４、Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２、Ｌｉ２Ｔｉ３Ｏ７、ＬｉＭｇ１／２Ｔｉ３／２Ｏ４、ＬｉＣｏ１／２Ｔｉ３／２Ｏ４、ＬｉＺｎ１／２Ｔｉ３／２Ｏ４、ＬｉＦｅＴｉＯ４、ＬｉＣｒＴｉＯ４、Ｌｉ２ＳｒＴｉ６Ｏ１４、Ｌｉ２ＢａＴｉ６Ｏ１４などの遷移金属とリチウムとの複合酸化物；ＴｉＯ２、ＷＯ３、ＭｏＯ２、ＭｎＯ２、Ｖ２Ｏ５、ＳｉＯ２、ＳｉＯ、ＳｎＯ２などの金属酸化物；Ｓｉ、Ｓｎなどの合金系材料；ＦｅＳ、ＴｉＳなどの遷移金属硫化物；黒鉛、難黒鉛化炭素、易黒鉛化炭素などの炭素材料；キノン化合物、ジスルフィド化合物、ジアジン化合物、ラジアレン化合物、ルベアン酸化合物、有機ラジカル化合物などの有機化合物等が負極活物質として挙げられる。無機化合物には、上記の化合物の遷移金属元素を異種元素で置換した化合物を用いてもよい。これらの負極活物質は１種単独で用いてもよく、２種以上の負極活物質を同時に用いてもよい。また、上記の負極活物質に対してリチウムイオンのプレドープ処理を行ったものを負極活物質として用いてもよい。Examples of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode of the lithium ion storage battery include composite oxides of transition metals and lithium, metal oxides, alloy materials, inorganic compounds such as transition metal sulfides, carbon materials, organic compounds, lithium metals, etc. Is mentioned. Specifically, LiMn 2 O 4 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Li 2 Ti 3 O 7 , LiMg 1/2 Ti 3/2 O 4 , LiCo 1/2 Ti 3/2 O 4 , LiZn 1/2 Ti 3/2 O 4 , LiFeTiO 4 , LiCrTiO 4 , Li 2 SrTi 6 O 14 , Li 2 BaTi 6 O 14 and other complex oxides of lithium and lithium; TiO 2 , WO 3 , MoO 2 , MnO 2 , V Metal oxides such as 2 O 5 , SiO 2 , SiO, and SnO 2 ; Alloy materials such as Si and Sn; Transition metal sulfides such as FeS and TiS; Carbon such as graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, and graphitizable carbon Materials: Organic compounds such as quinone compounds, disulfide compounds, diazine compounds, radialene compounds, rubeanic acid compounds, and organic radical compounds are listed as negative electrode active materials. It is done. As the inorganic compound, a compound obtained by substituting the transition metal element of the above compound with a different element may be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more negative electrode active materials. Moreover, you may use what carried out the pre dope process of lithium ion with respect to said negative electrode active material as a negative electrode active material.
図６は、本実施形態における蓄電パックの充放電曲線を説明する図である。詳細には、図６に示す蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線は、２５℃±５℃の雰囲気において、０．２Ｃの電流値で放電終止電圧から充電終止電圧までの電圧範囲で定電流充放電を行ったときの充放電曲線である。 FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack in the present embodiment. Specifically, the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 shown in FIG. 6 shows that constant current charge / discharge is performed in a voltage range from a discharge end voltage to a charge end voltage at a current value of 0.2 C in an atmosphere of 25 ° C. ± 5 ° C. It is a charging / discharging curve when performed.
図６に示すように、電力供給システム１は、以下の条件（ａ）、（ｂ）及び（ｃ）を満たす。なお、図６において、定格電圧は電力供給機構１０の定格電圧を表しており、Ｃｈａは蓄電パック１３の充電曲線を表しており、Ｄｉｓは蓄電パック１３の放電曲線を表している。 As shown in FIG. 6, the power supply system 1 satisfies the following conditions (a), (b), and (c). In FIG. 6, the rated voltage represents the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10, Cha represents the charge curve of the power storage pack 13, and Dis represents the discharge curve of the power storage pack 13.
（ａ）蓄電パックの充放電曲線は、電力供給機構１０の定格電圧を通過する段差を有している。 (A) The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack has a step that passes the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10.
（ｂ）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側における平均放電電圧が定格電圧の−２０％以上である。 (B) The average discharge voltage on the low SOC side from the start point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 is −20% or more of the rated voltage.
（ｃ）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が定格電圧の＋２０％以下である。 (C) The average charging voltage on the high SOC side from the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack 13 is + 20% or less of the rated voltage.
図７は、本実施形態における蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線を説明する図である。詳細には、図７に示す蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線は、２５℃±５℃の雰囲気において、０．２Ｃの電流値で放電終止電圧から充電終止電圧までの電圧範囲で定電流充放電を行ったときの充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）である。 FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 in the present embodiment. Specifically, the dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 shown in FIG. 7 is a constant current charge / discharge in a voltage range from a discharge end voltage to a charge end voltage at a current value of 0.2 C in an atmosphere of 25 ° C. ± 5 ° C. It is the curve (dQ / dV curve) which differentiated the charging / discharging curve at the time of performing with voltage.
なお、電力供給機構１０の定格電圧よりも低い電圧に蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線（放電曲線）のピークが複数存在する場合や、電力供給機構１０の定格電圧よりも高い電圧に蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線（充電曲線）のピークが複数存在する場合は、それぞれ、最大のピークの電圧を、ピークトップ電圧とするものとする。 In addition, when there are a plurality of peaks of the dQ / dV curve (discharge curve) of the storage pack 13 at a voltage lower than the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10, or when the storage pack 13 has a voltage higher than the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10. When there are a plurality of peaks of the dQ / dV curve (charging curve), the maximum peak voltage is assumed to be the peak top voltage.
図７に示すように、電力供給システム１は、さらに、以下の条件（ｄ）及び（ｅ）を満たす。 As shown in FIG. 7, the power supply system 1 further satisfies the following conditions (d) and (e).
（ｄ）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パック１３の放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の−２０％以上である。 (D) The peak top voltage obtained in a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the storage pack 13 with respect to the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack 13 is rated. It is -20% or more of the voltage.
（ｅ）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パック１３の充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の＋２０％以下である。 (E) The peak top voltage obtained in the curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charging curve of the electricity storage pack 13 with respect to the voltage on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step of the charging / discharging curve of the electricity storage pack 13 is rated. + 20% or less of voltage.
本発明において、「充放電曲線の段差」とは、第２の蓄電パックのＳＯＣが５％以上９５％以下の範囲において電圧が大きく変化する範囲のことを言い、具体的にはＳＯＣが５％以上９５％以下の範囲においてＳＯＣの変化量（ΔＳＯＣ）に対する充電曲線又は放電曲線の少なくとも一方の電圧の変化量（ΔＶ）の割合であるΔＶ／ΔＳＯＣの絶対値が（０．００８×定格電圧）Ｖ／％以上となる範囲のことを言う。ここで、定格電圧は電力供給機構１０の定格電圧の値（単位：Ｖ）である。 In the present invention, the “step of the charging / discharging curve” means a range in which the voltage greatly changes when the SOC of the second power storage pack is 5% or more and 95% or less. Specifically, the SOC is 5%. The absolute value of ΔV / ΔSOC, which is the ratio of the amount of change in voltage (ΔV) of at least one of the charge curve or discharge curve to the amount of change in SOC (ΔSOC) in the range of 95% or less, is (0.008 × rated voltage). It means the range which becomes V /% or more. Here, the rated voltage is the value (unit: V) of the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10.
「段差の開始点」とは１つの段差の範囲における放電曲線の最小電圧及びその電圧におけるＳＯＣを意味する。 The “start point of the step” means the minimum voltage of the discharge curve in the range of one step and the SOC at that voltage.
「段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側での平均放電電圧」とは、ＳＯＣが０％から段差の開始点におけるＳＯＣまでの範囲での放電曲線の電圧の算術平均値のことである。 The “average discharge voltage on the lower SOC side than the start point of the step” is an arithmetic average value of the voltage of the discharge curve in the range from 0% SOC to SOC at the start point of the step.
「段差の終了点」とは同じ１つの段差の範囲における充電曲線の最大電圧及びその電圧におけるＳＯＣを意味する。 The “end point of the step” means the maximum voltage of the charging curve in the same one step range and the SOC at that voltage.
「段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側での平均充電電圧」とは、段差の終了点におけるＳＯＣからＳＯＣ１００％までの範囲での充電曲線の電圧の算術平均値のことである。 The “average charge voltage on the SOC side higher than the end point of the step” is an arithmetic average value of the voltage of the charge curve in the range from SOC to SOC 100% at the end point of the step.
なお、本実施形態の電力供給システム１は、条件（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）、（ｄ）及び（ｅ）の全てを満たしているが、本発明は、これに限定されなくてもよい。本発明に係る蓄電システムは、条件（ａ）、（ｂ）及び（ｃ）のみを満たしていてもよい。また、本発明に係る蓄電システムは、条件（ａ）、（ｄ）及び（ｅ）のみを満たしていてもよい。 In addition, although the electric power supply system 1 of this embodiment satisfy | fills all conditions (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), this invention is not limited to this. Also good. The power storage system according to the present invention may satisfy only the conditions (a), (b), and (c). Further, the power storage system according to the present invention may satisfy only the conditions (a), (d), and (e).
本実施形態に係る電力供給システム１は、条件（ａ）を満たしている。このため、蓄電パック１３の電圧が、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差において、電極供給機構１０の定格電圧とほぼ一致する。このため、蓄電パック１３に電流がほとんど流れない。よって、蓄電パック１３のＳＯＣをほぼ一定の状態に保持するために、蓄電パック１３のＳＯＣを監視したり、制御したりするための制御装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。また、蓄電パック１３に必要な容量を低減することができる。従って、電力供給システム１の低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。さらに、蓄電パック１３の充放電頻度を減らすことができる。このため、充放電サイクルが行われることによる蓄電パック１３の劣化や、充放電に伴う発熱に起因する劣化を抑制することができる。そのえっ過、蓄電パック１３の交換費用やメンテナンス費用を削減することができるため、電力供給システム１のランニングコストを低くすることができる。 The power supply system 1 according to the present embodiment satisfies the condition (a). For this reason, the voltage of the electricity storage pack 13 substantially coincides with the rated voltage of the electrode supply mechanism 10 at the level difference of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13. For this reason, almost no current flows through the electricity storage pack 13. Therefore, it is not always necessary to provide a control device for monitoring or controlling the SOC of the electricity storage pack 13 in order to maintain the SOC of the electricity storage pack 13 in a substantially constant state. Further, the capacity required for the electricity storage pack 13 can be reduced. Accordingly, the price and size of the power supply system 1 can be reduced. Furthermore, the charge / discharge frequency of the electricity storage pack 13 can be reduced. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the electricity storage pack 13 due to the charge / discharge cycle and the deterioration due to the heat generated by the charge / discharge. In addition, since the replacement cost and maintenance cost of the power storage pack 13 can be reduced, the running cost of the power supply system 1 can be reduced.
また、電力供給システム１は、条件（ｂ）及び条件（ｄ）の少なくとも一方を満たしている。このため、電力供給機構１０からの電力供給量の減少や電気負荷１１における消費電力の増加が生じ、電力供給機構１０から供給される電力の電圧が電気負荷１１が必要としている電圧よりも低くなった場合に蓄電パック１３から電気負荷１１への放電が行われる。また、例えば、電力供給機構１０からの電力供給が停止した場合にも蓄電パック１３から電気負荷１１への放電が行われる。これにより、電気負荷１１に供給される電力の電圧が、電力供給機構１０の定格電圧の−２０％よりも低くなることを抑制することができる。よって、電気負荷１１に供給される電力の電圧低下による停電や、電気負荷１１に障害が生じることを抑制することができる。また、電力供給機構１０から供給される電力の電圧や、蓄電パック１３の電圧等を監視する監視装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システム１の低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。この観点から、電力供給システム１は、下記の条件（ｂ１）及び（ｄ１）の少なくとも一方を満たしていることが好ましい。 The power supply system 1 satisfies at least one of the condition (b) and the condition (d). For this reason, a decrease in the amount of power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10 and an increase in power consumption in the electric load 11 occur, and the voltage of the power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10 is lower than the voltage required by the electric load 11. In this case, discharging from the electricity storage pack 13 to the electric load 11 is performed. Further, for example, when the power supply from the power supply mechanism 10 is stopped, the electric storage pack 13 is discharged to the electric load 11. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the voltage of the power supplied to the electric load 11 from being lower than −20% of the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a power failure due to a voltage drop of power supplied to the electric load 11 and a failure in the electric load 11. In addition, it is not always necessary to provide a monitoring device that monitors the voltage of power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10, the voltage of the storage pack 13, and the like. Accordingly, the price and size of the power supply system 1 can be reduced. From this viewpoint, the power supply system 1 preferably satisfies at least one of the following conditions (b1) and (d1).
（ｂ１）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側における平均放電電圧が定格電圧の−１５％以上である。 (B1) The average discharge voltage on the low SOC side from the start point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 is -15% or more of the rated voltage.
（ｄ１）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パック１３の放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の−１５％以上である。 (D1) The peak top voltage obtained in a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the storage pack 13 with respect to the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack 13 is rated. It is -15% or more of the voltage.
上述のように、蓄電パック１３からの電気負荷１１への放電が行われた後に、電力供給機構１０からの供給電力の減少や、電気負荷１１における消費電力の増加が解消された場合、電力供給システム１では、条件（ａ）が満たされるため、蓄電パック１３の電圧は、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差において電力供給機構１０の定格電圧とほぼ一致する。このため、蓄電パック１３は、電力供給機構１０からの電力によって自動的に充電される。このため、蓄電パック１３に特別な制御装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システム１の低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 As described above, if the decrease in the power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10 or the increase in the power consumption in the electric load 11 is resolved after the discharge from the electricity storage pack 13 to the electric load 11 is performed, the power supply In the system 1, since the condition (a) is satisfied, the voltage of the power storage pack 13 substantially matches the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10 at the level difference of the charge / discharge curve of the power storage pack 13. For this reason, the electricity storage pack 13 is automatically charged with the power from the power supply mechanism 10. For this reason, it is not always necessary to provide a special control device for the electricity storage pack 13. Accordingly, the price and size of the power supply system 1 can be reduced.
さらに、電力供給システム１は、条件（ｃ）及び条件（ｅ）の少なくとも一方を満たしている。このため、電力供給機構１０からの電力供給量の増加や電気負荷１１における消費電力の減少が生じ、電力供給機構１０から供給される電力の電圧が電気負荷１１が必要としている電圧よりも高くなった場合に電気負荷１１から蓄電パック１３への充電が行われる。また、例えば、電気負荷１１がモーターを有しており、そのモーターから回生エネルギーが発生した場合にも、電気負荷１１から蓄電パック１３への充電が行われる。これにより、電気負荷１１に供給される電力の電圧が、電力供給機構１０の定格電圧の＋２０％よりも高くなることを抑制することができる。よって、電気負荷１１に供給される電力の電圧が過電圧になることに起因する停電や、電気負荷１１に障害が生じることを抑制することができる。また、電力供給機構１０から供給される電力の電圧や、蓄電パック１３の電圧等を監視する監視装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システム１の低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。この観点から、電力供給システム１は、下記の条件（ｃ１）及び（ｅ１）の少なくとも一方を満たしていることが好ましい。 Furthermore, the power supply system 1 satisfies at least one of the condition (c) and the condition (e). For this reason, an increase in the amount of power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10 and a decrease in power consumption in the electric load 11 occur, and the voltage of the power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10 is higher than the voltage required by the electric load 11. In this case, charging from the electrical load 11 to the power storage pack 13 is performed. Further, for example, when the electric load 11 has a motor and regenerative energy is generated from the motor, the electric charge 11 is charged from the electric load 11. As a result, the voltage of the power supplied to the electric load 11 can be suppressed from becoming higher than + 20% of the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism 10. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a power failure caused by the voltage of the power supplied to the electric load 11 becoming an overvoltage or a failure in the electric load 11. In addition, it is not always necessary to provide a monitoring device that monitors the voltage of power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10, the voltage of the storage pack 13, and the like. Accordingly, the price and size of the power supply system 1 can be reduced. From this viewpoint, the power supply system 1 preferably satisfies at least one of the following conditions (c1) and (e1).
（ｃ１）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が定格電圧の＋１５％以下である。 (C1) The average charging voltage on the high SOC side from the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack 13 is + 15% or less of the rated voltage.
（ｅ１）蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パック１３の充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の＋１５％以上である。 (E1) The peak top voltage obtained in a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charging curve of the electricity storage pack 13 with respect to the higher SOC side than the end point of the step of the charging / discharging curve of the electricity storage pack 13 is rated. + 15% or more of the voltage.
上述のように、電力供給機構１０から蓄電パック１３への充電が行われた後に、電力供給機構１０からの電力供給量の増加や電気負荷１１における消費電力の減少が解消された場合、電力供給システム１では、条件（ａ）が満たされるため、蓄電パック１３の電圧は、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差において電極供給機構１０の定格電圧とほぼ一致する。このため、蓄電パック１３は、自動的に放電し、電気負荷１１に電力を供給する。このため、蓄電パック１３に特別な制御装置を設けることが必ずしも必要ではない。従って、電力供給システム１の低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 As described above, when the increase in the amount of power supplied from the power supply mechanism 10 or the decrease in the power consumption in the electric load 11 is resolved after the power supply mechanism 10 is charged to the power storage pack 13, the power supply is performed. In the system 1, since the condition (a) is satisfied, the voltage of the power storage pack 13 substantially matches the rated voltage of the electrode supply mechanism 10 at the level difference of the charge / discharge curve of the power storage pack 13. For this reason, the electricity storage pack 13 automatically discharges and supplies power to the electric load 11. For this reason, it is not always necessary to provide a special control device for the electricity storage pack 13. Accordingly, the price and size of the power supply system 1 can be reduced.
電力供給システム１では、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側における平均放電電圧が定格電圧の−２％以下であることが好ましい。この場合、蓄電パック１３の充放電頻度を減らすことができ、また、蓄電パック１３の充放電による劣化を防ぐことができるため、電力供給システム１の長寿命化が可能となる。同様の観点から、電力供給システム１では、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パック１３の放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の−２％以下であることが好ましい。 In the power supply system 1, it is preferable that the average discharge voltage on the low SOC side is −2% or less of the rated voltage from the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack 13. In this case, the charge / discharge frequency of the electricity storage pack 13 can be reduced, and deterioration due to the charge / discharge of the electricity storage pack 13 can be prevented, so that the life of the power supply system 1 can be extended. From the same viewpoint, in the power supply system 1, a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the storage pack 13 with respect to the voltage on the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step included in the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack 13. The obtained peak top voltage is preferably −2% or less of the rated voltage.
また、電力供給システム１では、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が定格電圧の＋２％以上であることが好ましい。この場合、蓄電パック１３の充放電頻度を減らすことができ、また、蓄電パック１３の充放電による劣化を防ぐことができるため、電力供給システムの長寿命化が可能となる。同様の観点から、電力供給システム１では、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、蓄電パック１３の充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が定格電圧の＋２％以上であることが好ましい。 Moreover, in the power supply system 1, it is preferable that the average charging voltage on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step included in the charge / discharge curve of the storage pack 13 is + 2% or more of the rated voltage. In this case, the charge / discharge frequency of the electricity storage pack 13 can be reduced, and deterioration due to the charge / discharge of the electricity storage pack 13 can be prevented, so that the life of the power supply system can be extended. From the same viewpoint, in the power supply system 1, the curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charging curve of the storage pack 13 with respect to the voltage on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step included in the charging / discharging curve of the storage pack 13. The obtained peak top voltage is preferably + 2% or more of the rated voltage.
電力供給システム１が条件（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）、（ｄ）及び（ｅ）を満たすようにする方法としては、以下の方法が考えられる。 As a method for causing the power supply system 1 to satisfy the conditions (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), the following methods can be considered.
（方法１）
蓄電パック１３を、リチウムイオン蓄電池を有するリチウムイオン蓄電池パックとし、リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極を、正極活物質として、リチウムイオン蓄電池の充放電曲線が段差を有するようになる正極活物質を用いる方法。若しくは、リチウムイオン蓄電池の負極を、負極活物質として、リチウムイオン蓄電池の充放電曲線が段差を有するようになる負極活物質を用いる方法。(Method 1)
A method in which the storage pack 13 is a lithium ion storage battery pack having a lithium ion storage battery, the positive electrode of the lithium ion storage battery is a positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode active material in which a charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion storage battery has a step is used. Or the method of using the negative electrode active material from which the charging / discharging curve of a lithium ion storage battery has a level | step difference using the negative electrode of a lithium ion storage battery as a negative electrode active material.
リチウムイオン蓄電池の充放電曲線が段差を有するようになる正極活物質の具体例としては、例えば、Ｌｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４５）、Ｌｉ［ＣｏｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．１≦ｘ≦１）、Ｌｉ［ＦｅｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４５）、ＬｉＦｅａＭｎｂＣｏｃＮｉｄＰＯ４（０≦ａ≦１、０≦ｂ≦１、０≦ｃ≦１、０≦ｄ≦１、ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＋ｄ＝１）、Ｌｉ３Ｖ２（ＰＯ４）３等が挙げられる。これらの正極活物質の１種のみを用いてもよいし、複数種類を混合して用いてもよい。As a specific example of the positive electrode active material in which the charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion storage battery has a step, for example, Li [Ni x Mn (2-x) ] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.45), Li [Co x Mn (2- x)] O 4 (0.1 ≦ x ≦ 1), Li [Fe x Mn (2-x)] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.45), LiFe a Mn b Co c Ni d PO 4 (0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 1, 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, a + b + c + d = 1), Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and the like. It is done. Only one kind of these positive electrode active materials may be used, or a plurality of kinds may be mixed and used.
（方法２）
蓄電パック１３を、リチウムイオン蓄電池を有するリチウムイオン蓄電池パックとし、リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極に、複数種類の正極活物質を含ませる方法。(Method 2)
A method in which the storage pack 13 is a lithium ion storage battery pack having a lithium ion storage battery, and the positive electrode of the lithium ion storage battery includes a plurality of types of positive electrode active materials.
例えば、リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極に、以下、正極活物質を含ませることが考えられる。 For example, it is considered that a positive electrode active material is included in the positive electrode of a lithium ion storage battery.
１）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４及びＬｉＣｏＯ２
２）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４及びＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４
３）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４及びＬｉ（１＋ａ）ＮｉｘＭｎｙＣｏｚＯ２（０≦ａ≦０．５、０≦ｘ≦１、０≦ｙ≦１、０≦ｚ≦１、ｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ＝１）
４）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４及びＬｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０≦ｘ≦０．５）
５）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４及びＬｉＭｎＰＯ４
６）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４及びＬｉＣｏＰＯ４
７）ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４及びＬｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０≦ｘ≦０．５）
８）ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４及びＬｉＣｏＰＯ４ 1) LiFePO 4 and LiCoO 2
2) LiFePO 4 and LiMn 2 O 4
3) LiFePO 4 and Li (1 + a) Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 (0 ≦ a ≦ 0.5, 0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ z ≦ 1, x + y + z = 1)
4) LiFePO 4 and Li [Ni x Mn (2- x)] O 4 (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5)
5) LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4
6) LiFePO 4 and LiCoPO 4
7) LiMn 2 O 4 and Li [Ni x Mn (2-x) ] O 4 (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5)
8) LiMn 2 O 4 and LiCoPO 4
（方法３）
蓄電パック１３を、リチウムイオン蓄電池を有するリチウムイオン蓄電池パックとし、リチウムイオン蓄電池の負極に、複数種類の負極活物質を含ませる方法。(Method 3)
A method in which the storage pack 13 is a lithium ion storage battery pack having a lithium ion storage battery, and the negative electrode of the lithium ion storage battery includes a plurality of types of negative electrode active materials.
例えば、リチウムイオン蓄電池の負極に、以下、負極活物質を含ませることが考えられる。 For example, it can be considered that a negative electrode active material is included in the negative electrode of a lithium ion storage battery.
１）黒鉛及びＬｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２
２）黒鉛及びＳｉＯ
３）黒鉛及びＳｎＯ２
４）黒鉛及びＳｉ
５）黒鉛及びＳｎ
６）難黒鉛化炭素及びＬｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２
７）難黒鉛化炭素及びＳｉＯ
８）難黒鉛化炭素及びＳｎＯ２
９）難黒鉛化炭素及びＳｉ
１０）難黒鉛化炭素及びＳｎ
１１）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２及びＳｉＯ
１２）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２及びＳｎＯ２
１３）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２及びＳｉ
１４）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２及びＳｎ1) Graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12
2) Graphite and SiO
3) Graphite and SnO 2
4) Graphite and Si
5) Graphite and Sn
6) Non-graphitizable carbon and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12
7) Non-graphitizable carbon and SiO
8) Non-graphitizable carbon and SnO 2
9) Non-graphitizable carbon and Si
10) Non-graphitizable carbon and Sn
11) Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and SiO
12) Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and SnO 2
13) Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and Si
14) Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and Sn
（方法４）
蓄電パック１３を、１種類の複数の蓄電デバイスにより構成し、かつ、並列に接続された接続段数の異なる蓄電モジュールにより構成する方法。(Method 4)
A method in which the electricity storage pack 13 is constituted by one kind of electricity storage devices and electricity storage modules having different numbers of connection stages connected in parallel.
（方法５）
蓄電パック１３を、異なる種類の蓄電デバイスを有する複数種類の蓄電モジュールにより構成する方法。(Method 5)
A method in which the power storage pack 13 is constituted by a plurality of types of power storage modules having different types of power storage devices.
例えば、蓄電パック１３に、以下の１）〜８）のように、正極活物質が異なるリチウムイオン蓄電池を含ませることが考えられる。 For example, it is conceivable that the power storage pack 13 includes lithium ion storage batteries having different positive electrode active materials as in the following 1) to 8).
１）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＬｉＣｏＯ２を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。1) A lithium ion storage battery containing LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material.
２）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。2) A lithium ion storage battery containing LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing LiMn 2 O 4 as a positive electrode active material.
３）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｌｉ（１＋ａ）ＮｉｘＭｎｙＣｏｚＯ２（０≦ａ≦０．５、０≦ｘ≦１、０≦ｙ≦１、０≦ｚ≦１、ｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ＝１）を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。3) a lithium ion storage battery containing LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode active material, and Li (1 + a) Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 (0 ≦ a ≦ 0.5, 0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ A lithium ion storage battery containing z ≦ 1, x + y + z = 1) as a positive electrode active material.
４）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｌｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０≦ｘ≦０．５）を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。4) the lithium-ion battery that includes a lithium-ion battery containing LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode active material, Li [Ni x Mn (2 -x)] O 4 a (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5) as the positive electrode active material.
５）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＬｉＭｎＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。5) A lithium ion storage battery containing LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing LiMnPO 4 as a positive electrode active material.
６）ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＬｉＣｏＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。6) A lithium ion storage battery containing LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing LiCoPO 4 as a positive electrode active material.
７）ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｌｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０≦ｘ≦０．５）を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。7) the lithium-ion battery that includes a lithium-ion battery containing LiMn 2 O 4 as a positive electrode active material, Li [Ni x Mn (2 -x)] O 4 a (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5) as the positive electrode active material.
８）ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＬｉＣｏＰＯ４を正極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。8) A lithium ion storage battery containing LiMn 2 O 4 as a positive electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing LiCoPO 4 as a positive electrode active material.
例えば、蓄電パック１３に、以下の９）〜２２）のように、負極活物質が異なるリチウムイオン蓄電池を含ませることが考えられる。 For example, it is conceivable that the storage pack 13 includes lithium ion storage batteries having different negative electrode active materials as in the following 9) to 22).
９）黒鉛を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。9) A lithium ion storage battery containing graphite as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material.
１０）黒鉛を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＳｉＯを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。 10) A lithium ion storage battery containing graphite as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing SiO as a negative electrode active material.
１１）黒鉛を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＳｎＯ２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。11) A lithium ion storage battery containing graphite as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing SnO 2 as a negative electrode active material.
１２）黒鉛を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｓｉを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。 12) A lithium ion storage battery containing graphite as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing Si as a negative electrode active material.
１３）黒鉛を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｓｎを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。 13) A lithium ion storage battery containing graphite as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing Sn as a negative electrode active material.
１４）難黒鉛化炭素を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。14) A lithium ion storage battery containing non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery containing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material.
１５）難黒鉛化炭素を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＳｉＯを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。 15) A lithium ion storage battery containing non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing SiO as a negative electrode active material.
１６）難黒鉛化炭素を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＳｎＯ２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。16) A lithium ion storage battery containing non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery containing SnO 2 as a negative electrode active material.
１７）難黒鉛化炭素を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｓｉを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。 17) A lithium ion storage battery containing non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing Si as a negative electrode active material.
１８）難黒鉛化炭素を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｓｎを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。 18) A lithium ion storage battery containing non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery containing Sn as a negative electrode active material.
１９）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＳｉＯを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。19) A lithium ion storage battery containing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material and a lithium ion storage battery containing SiO as a negative electrode active material.
２０）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、ＳｎＯ２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。20) A lithium ion storage battery containing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery containing SnO 2 as a negative electrode active material.
２１）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｓｉを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。21) A lithium ion storage battery containing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery containing Si as a negative electrode active material.
２２）Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池と、Ｓｎを負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン蓄電池。22) A lithium ion storage battery containing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery containing Sn as a negative electrode active material.
また、例えば、蓄電パック１３に、リチウムイオン蓄電池モジュール、ニッケル水素蓄電池モジュール、鉛蓄電池モジュール及びキャパシタからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも２種の蓄電モジュールを含ませてもよい。 Further, for example, the power storage pack 13 may include at least two types of power storage modules selected from the group consisting of a lithium ion storage battery module, a nickel hydride storage battery module, a lead storage battery module, and a capacitor.
（方法６）
蓄電パック１３を、並列に接続された、電圧が相互に異なる複数の蓄電モジュールと、少なくともひとつの蓄電モジュールに設けられたスイッチと、スイッチをオン/オフする制御部とにより構成する方法。方法６の場合、スイッチのオン/オフにより充放電曲線に段差が形成される。(Method 6)
A method in which the power storage pack 13 is configured by a plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel and having different voltages, a switch provided in at least one power storage module, and a controller for turning on / off the switch. In the case of method 6, a step is formed in the charge / discharge curve by turning on / off the switch.
方法６においては、電圧が相対的に低い蓄電モジュールに対してスイッチが設けられていることが好ましい。この場合、スイッチが設けられた蓄電モジュールが過充電になる前にスイッチをオフすることにより充放電曲線に段差を形成することができる。 In the method 6, it is preferable that a switch is provided for a power storage module having a relatively low voltage. In this case, a step can be formed in the charge / discharge curve by turning off the switch before the power storage module provided with the switch is overcharged.
一方、電圧が相対的に高い蓄電モジュールに対してスイッチが設けられている場合は、スイッチが設けられた蓄電モジュールが過放電になる前にスイッチをオフすることにより充放電曲線に段差を形成することができる。 On the other hand, when a switch is provided for a power storage module having a relatively high voltage, a step is formed in the charge / discharge curve by turning off the switch before the power storage module provided with the switch is overdischarged. be able to.
なお、上記（方法１）〜（方法６）は、適宜組み合わせて実施することができる。 The above (Method 1) to (Method 6) can be implemented in combination as appropriate.
電力供給システム１では、蓄電パック１３において、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側での容量と、蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側での容量との比が１０：９０〜９０：１０の範囲にあることが好ましい。この場合、電気負荷１１に供給される電力の電圧低下および過電圧の両方を蓄電パック１３によってさらに防止することができ、電力供給システム１のさらなる低価格化及び小型化が可能となる。 In the power supply system 1, in the power storage pack 13, the capacity on the lower SOC side than the start point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the power storage pack 13 and the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the power storage pack 13 are higher. The ratio with the capacity on the SOC side is preferably in the range of 10:90 to 90:10. In this case, both the voltage drop and overvoltage of the power supplied to the electric load 11 can be further prevented by the power storage pack 13, and the power supply system 1 can be further reduced in price and size.
（実施例）
（実施例１）
電力供給部１０ａとしての三相交流２００Ｖの電源と、ＡＣ−ＤＣ変換機能を有する電力変換部１０ｂとしての三相交流２００Ｖの電力を直流４８Ｖの電力に変換するＡＣ−ＤＣコンバーターとによる定格電圧が４８Ｖの電力供給機構１０を用い、蓄電パック１３として以下の構成の蓄電モジュールを用いて、上記実施形態に係る電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example)
Example 1
The rated voltage by the three-phase AC 200V power source as the power supply unit 10a and the AC-DC converter that converts the three-phase AC 200V power into the DC 48V power as the power conversion unit 10b having an AC-DC conversion function is The power supply system 1 according to the above embodiment was constructed by using the 48 V power supply mechanism 10 and the power storage module 13 having the following configuration as the power storage pack 13.
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比が１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続した蓄電モジュールを作製し、蓄電パック１３として用いた。Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and 11 lithium ion batteries with an A / C ratio of 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah were connected in series. A power storage module was produced and used as a power storage pack 13.
図８に、本実施例において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図９に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 8 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in this example, and FIG. 9 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例２）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．０５Ｍｎ１．９５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 2)
Li [Ni 0.05 Mn 1.95 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electricity storage module produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the electricity storage pack 13.
図１０に、本実施例において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図１１に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 10 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in this example, and FIG. 11 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例３）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．１５Ｍｎ１．８５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 3)
Li [Ni 0.15 Mn 1.85 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electricity storage module produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in a row was used as the electricity storage pack 13.
図１２に、本実施例において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図１３に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 12 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in this example, and FIG. 13 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例４）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．３５Ｍｎ１．６５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。Example 4
Li [Ni 0.35 Mn 1.65 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electricity storage module produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the electricity storage pack 13.
図１４に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図１５に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 14 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 15 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例５）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．４０Ｍｎ１．６０］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 5)
Li [Ni 0.40 Mn 1.60 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electricity storage module produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the electricity storage pack 13.
図１６に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図１７に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）曲線を示す。 FIG. 16 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 17 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) curve obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（参考例１）
正極活物質としてＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１２個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Reference Example 1)
LiMn 2 O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting twelve lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図１８に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図１９に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 18 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 19 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（参考例２０）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．５０Ｍｎ１．５０］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Reference Example 20)
Li [Ni 0.50 Mn 1.50 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electricity storage module produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the electricity storage pack 13.
図２０に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図２１に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 20 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 21 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例６）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質としてハードカーボンを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１２個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 6)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, hard carbon was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting twelve lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図２２に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図２３に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 22 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 23 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例７）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質としてソフトカーボンを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１２個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 7)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, soft carbon was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting twelve lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図２４に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図２５に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 24 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 25 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例８）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質としてＳｉを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝２．０で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１２個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 8)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, Si was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 2.0 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting twelve lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図２６に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図２７に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 26 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 27 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
表１に各実施例及び参考例における定格電圧、蓄電パック１３の構成、段差の開始点でのＳＯＣ及び電圧、段差の終了点でのＳＯＣ及び電圧、段差の開始点より低ＳＯＣ側での平均放電電圧及びｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線において得られるピークトップの電圧、段差の終了点より高ＳＯＣ側での平均充電電圧及びｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線において得られるピークトップの電圧、段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側での容量と段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側での容量との比を示す。 Table 1 shows the rated voltage in each example and reference example, the configuration of the storage pack 13, the SOC and voltage at the step start point, the SOC and voltage at the step end point, and the average on the lower SOC side from the step start point. Discharge voltage and peak top voltage obtained in dQ / dV curve, average charge voltage on high SOC side from step end point, peak top voltage obtained in dQ / dV curve, lower SOC side than step start point The ratio of the capacity at the top and the capacity at the SOC side higher than the end point of the step is shown.
実施例１〜８の結果から、充放電曲線に段差をもつ正極活物質であるＬｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４０）を用いることによって、上記条件（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）及び条件（ａ）（ｄ）（ｅ）の少なくとも一方を満たす蓄電パック１３の設計が可能となることが分かる。From the results of Examples 1-8, by using a positive electrode active material having a stepped Li [Ni x Mn (2- x)] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.40) in the charge-discharge curve, It can be seen that the power storage pack 13 that satisfies at least one of the conditions (a), (b), (c) and the conditions (a), (d), and (e) can be designed.
Ｌｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４０）においては、活物質組成におけるｘの値や合成条件を調整することによって、段差の開始点及び段差の終了点の位置を容易に調整することができ、それにより段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側での容量と段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側での容量との比も容易に調整することができる。また、ｘの値や合成条件だけでなく、異種元素（例えばＬｉ、Ｔｉ、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏなど）を添加又は異種元素でＮｉやＭｎを置換することによっても、段差の開始点及び段差の終了点の位置を調整することができる。Li in [Ni x Mn (2-x )] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.40), by adjusting the value and synthesis conditions of x in the active material composition, the starting point and the step of the step The position of the end point can be easily adjusted, so that the ratio between the capacity on the lower SOC side than the start point of the step and the capacity on the higher SOC side than the end point of the step can be easily adjusted. it can. Further, not only the value of x and the synthesis conditions, but also the start of a step is obtained by adding a different element (for example, Li, Ti, Al, Mg, B, Cr, Co, etc.) or substituting Ni or Mn with a different element. The position of the point and the end point of the step can be adjusted.
（実施例９）
正極活物質としてＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４とＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．５Ｍｎ１．５］Ｏ４とを重量比（ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４：Ｌｉ［Ｎｉ０．５Ｍｎ１．５］Ｏ４）が６０：４０となるように混合したものを用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。Example 9
The weight ratio of LiMn 2 O 4 and Li [Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 ] O 4 as the positive electrode active material (LiMn 2 O 4 : Li [Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 ] O 4 ) is 60:40. A lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio of 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was prepared using a mixture of the negative electrode active material and graphite as a negative electrode active material. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electricity storage module produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the electricity storage pack 13.
図２８に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図２９に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 28 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 29 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例１０）
正極活物質としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４とＬｉＮｉ１／３Ｃｏ１／３Ｍｎ１／３Ｏ２を重量比（ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４：ＬｉＮｉ１／３Ｃｏ１／３Ｍｎ１／３Ｏ２）が３５：６５となるように混合したものを用い、負極活物質としてＳｉを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝３．０で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１６個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 10)
LiFePO 4 and LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 as a positive electrode active material have a weight ratio (LiFePO 4 : LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ) of 35:65. A lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio of 3.0 and a capacity of 10 Ah was manufactured using Si. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting 16 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図３０に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図３１に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 30 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 31 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例１１）
正極活物質としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４とＬｉＮｉ１／３Ｃｏ１／３Ｍｎ１／３Ｏ２とを重量比（ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４：ＬｉＮｉ１／３Ｃｏ１／３Ｍｎ１／３Ｏ２）が５０：５０となるように混合したものを用い、負極活物質としてＬｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を２４個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 11)
As a positive electrode active material, the weight ratio of LiFePO 4 and LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (LiFePO 4 : LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ) is 50:50. A lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio of 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was manufactured using Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting 24 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図３２に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図３３に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 32 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 33 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
実施例９〜１０の結果から、複数種類の正極活物質を用いることによって、上記条件（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）及び条件（ａ）（ｄ）（ｅ）の少なくとも一方を満たす蓄電パック１３の設計が可能となることが分かる。また、正極活物質の混合比を変更することによって、充放電曲線の段差の開始点や終了点の位置を容易に調製することができる。それにより、段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側での容量と段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側での容量との比も容易に調整することができる。 From the results of Examples 9 to 10, the storage pack 13 satisfying at least one of the above conditions (a), (b), (c) and the above conditions (a), (d), and (e) by using a plurality of types of positive electrode active materials. It can be seen that the design is possible. In addition, by changing the mixing ratio of the positive electrode active material, the position of the start point and end point of the step in the charge / discharge curve can be easily prepared. Thereby, the ratio of the capacity on the low SOC side from the start point of the step and the capacity on the high SOC side from the end point of the step can be easily adjusted.
（実施例１２）
正極活物質としてＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が６Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製し、このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続することで第１の蓄電モジュールを作製した。また、正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．５Ｍｎ１．５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が４Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製し、このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続することで第２の蓄電モジュールを作製した。さらに、第１の蓄電モジュールと第２の蓄電モジュールとを並列接続することで蓄電パック１３を作製した。この蓄電パック１３を用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 12)
LiMn 2 O 4 is used as a positive electrode active material, graphite is used as a negative electrode active material, a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 6 Ah is manufactured, and 11 lithium ion storage batteries are connected in series. Thus, a first power storage module was produced. Moreover, Li [Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 ] O 4 is used as the positive electrode active material, graphite is used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 4 Ah is manufactured. A second power storage module was produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series. Furthermore, the electricity storage pack 13 was produced by connecting the first electricity storage module and the second electricity storage module in parallel. The power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this electricity storage pack 13 was used.
実施例１２において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線は、実施例９において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線と同様である。実施例１２において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線は、実施例９において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線と同様である。 The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 12 is the same as the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 9. The dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 12 is the same as the dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 9.
（実施例１３）
正極活物質としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を用い、負極活物質としてＬｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝０．８で容量が５Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を、２４個直列接続することで第１の蓄電モジュールを組み立てた。また、上記リチウムイオン蓄電池を２８個直列接続することで第２の蓄電モジュールを組み立てた。さらに第１の蓄電モジュールと第２の蓄電モジュールとを並列接続することで蓄電パック１３を組み立てた。この蓄電パック１３を用いたこと以外は実施例１と同様の方法で電力供給システム１を作製した。(Example 13)
LiFePO 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 0.8 and a capacity of 5 Ah was produced. A first power storage module was assembled by connecting 24 lithium ion storage batteries in series. In addition, a second power storage module was assembled by connecting 28 lithium ion storage batteries in series. Further, the power storage pack 13 was assembled by connecting the first power storage module and the second power storage module in parallel. The power supply system 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this electricity storage pack 13 was used.
図３４に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図３５に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 34 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 35 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
実施例１３の結果から分かるように、直列接続数が異なる複数の蓄電モジュールを並列接続することによって、上記条件（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）及び条件（ａ）（ｄ）（ｅ）の少なくとも一方を満たす蓄電パック１３の設計が可能となることが分かる。また、２つの蓄電モジュールの容量比を変えた場合には、段差の開始点及び段差の終了点の位置を調整することができ、それにより段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側での容量と段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側での容量との比も調整することができる。 As can be seen from the results of Example 13, at least one of the above conditions (a), (b), (c) and the above conditions (a), (d), and (e) is obtained by connecting a plurality of power storage modules having different numbers of series connections in parallel. It can be seen that it is possible to design the electricity storage pack 13 that satisfies one of them. Further, when the capacity ratio of the two power storage modules is changed, the position of the step start point and the step end point can be adjusted, whereby the capacity and the step on the lower SOC side than the step start point are adjusted. The ratio with the capacity on the higher SOC side than the end point of can also be adjusted.
（参考例３）
正極活物質としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４とＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．５０Ｍｎ１。５０］Ｏ４とを重量比（ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４：Ｌｉ［Ｎｉ０．５０Ｍｎ１。５０］Ｏ４）が５０：５０となるように混合したものを用い、負極活物質としてハードカーボンを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．５で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１３個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Reference Example 3)
As a positive electrode active material, LiFePO 4 and Li [Ni 0.50 Mn 1.50 ] O 4 are mixed so that the weight ratio (LiFePO 4 : Li [Ni 0.50 Mn 1.50 ] O 4 ) is 50:50. Using the mixture, hard carbon was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.5 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting 13 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図３６に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図３７に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 36 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 37 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（参考例４）
正極活物質としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４とＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４とを重量比（ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４：ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４）が５０：５０となるように混合したものを用い、負極活物質としてＬｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を２１個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Reference Example 4)
A mixture of LiFePO 4 and LiMn 2 O 4 such that the weight ratio (LiFePO 4 : LiMn 2 O 4 ) is 50:50 is used as the positive electrode active material, and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is used as the negative electrode active material. A lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting 21 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図３８に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図３９に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 38 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 39 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（参考例５）
正極活物質としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４とＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４とを重量比（ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４：ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４）が５０：５０となるように混合したものを用い、負極活物質としてＬｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を２３個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Reference Example 5)
A mixture of LiFePO 4 and LiMn 2 O 4 such that the weight ratio (LiFePO 4 : LiMn 2 O 4 ) is 50:50 is used as the positive electrode active material, and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is used as the negative electrode active material. A lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting 23 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図４０に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図４１に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 40 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 41 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（参考例６）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を９個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Reference Example 6)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting nine lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図４２に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図４３に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 42 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 43 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（参考例７）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１３個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Reference Example 7)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a power storage module produced by connecting 13 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the power storage pack 13.
図４４に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図４５に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 44 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 45 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
（実施例１４）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続して作製した蓄電モジュールを蓄電パック１３として用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電力供給システム１を構築した。(Example 14)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 1 Ah was produced. A power supply system 1 was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electricity storage module produced by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series was used as the electricity storage pack 13.
実施例１４において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線は、実施例１において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線と同様である。実施例１４において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線は、実施例１において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線と同様である。 The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 14 is the same as the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 1. The dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 14 is the same as the dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 1.
（実施例１５）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が５０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続することで蓄電モジュールを組み立て、その蓄電モジュールを２つ並列接続することで蓄電パック１３を組み立てた。それ以外は実施例１と同様の方法で電力供給システム１を作製した。(Example 15)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 50 Ah was produced. The storage module was assembled by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series, and the storage pack 13 was assembled by connecting two storage modules in parallel. Otherwise, the power supply system 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
実施例１５において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線は、実施例１において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線と同様である。実施例１５において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線は、実施例１において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線と同様である。 The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 15 is the same as the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 1. The dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 15 is the same as the dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 1.
（実施例１６）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が５０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を１１個直列接続することで蓄電モジュールを組み立て、その蓄電モジュールを２０個並列接続することで蓄電パック１３を組み立てた。それ以外は実施例１と同様の方法で電力供給システム１を作製した。(Example 16)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 50 Ah was produced. The storage module was assembled by connecting 11 lithium ion storage batteries in series, and the storage pack 13 was assembled by connecting 20 storage modules in parallel. Otherwise, the power supply system 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
実施例１６において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線は、実施例１において作製した蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線と同様である。実施例１６において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線は、実施例１において作製した蓄電パック１３のｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線と同様である。 The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 16 is the same as the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 1. The dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 16 is the same as the dQ / dV curve of the electricity storage pack 13 produced in Example 1.
（実施例１７）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質としてハードカーボンを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を３個直列接続した蓄電モジュールを作製し、蓄電パック１３として用いた。(Example 17)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, hard carbon was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power storage module in which three lithium ion storage batteries were connected in series was manufactured and used as a power storage pack 13.
図４６に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図４７に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 46 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 47 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
本実施例１７において作製した蓄電パック１３は、定格電圧が直流１２Ｖである電力供給機構１０を有する電力供給システム１に好適に用いられる。 The electricity storage pack 13 produced in the present Example 17 is suitably used for the power supply system 1 having the power supply mechanism 10 whose rated voltage is DC 12V.
（実施例１８）
正極活物質としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４とＬｉＮｉ１／３Ｃｏ１／３Ｍｎ１／３Ｏ２とを重量比（ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４：ＬｉＮｉ１／３Ｃｏ１／３Ｍｎ１／３Ｏ２）が５０：５０となるように混合したものを用い、負極活物質としてＬｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を７個直列接続した蓄電モジュールを作製し、蓄電パック１３として用いた。(Example 18)
As a positive electrode active material, the weight ratio of LiFePO 4 and LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (LiFePO 4 : LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ) is 50:50. A lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio of 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was manufactured using Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material. A power storage module in which seven lithium ion storage batteries were connected in series was manufactured and used as a power storage pack 13.
図４８に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図４９に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 48 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 49 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
実施例１８において作製した蓄電パックは、定格電圧が直流１４．４Ｖである電力供給機構１０を有する電力供給システム１に好適に用いられる。 The power storage pack produced in Example 18 is suitably used for the power supply system 1 having the power supply mechanism 10 whose rated voltage is DC 14.4V.
（実施例１９）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質としてハードカーボンを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を６個直列接続した蓄電モジュールを作製し、蓄電パック１３として用いた。(Example 19)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, hard carbon was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery having an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power storage module in which six lithium ion storage batteries were connected in series was manufactured and used as a power storage pack 13.
図５０に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図５１に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 50 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 51 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
実施例１９において作製した蓄電パックは、定格電圧が直流２４Ｖである電力供給機構１０を有する電力供給システム１に好適に用いられる。 The electricity storage pack produced in Example 19 is suitably used for the power supply system 1 having the power supply mechanism 10 with a rated voltage of DC 24V.
（実施例２０）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質として黒鉛を用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が１０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を８６個直列接続した蓄電モジュールを作製し、蓄電パック１３として用いた。(Example 20)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 10 Ah was produced. A power storage module in which 86 lithium ion storage batteries were connected in series was produced and used as the power storage pack 13.
図５２に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図５３に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 52 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 53 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
実施例２０において作製した蓄電パックは、定格電圧が直流３８０Ｖである電力供給機構１０を有する電力供給システム１に好適に用いられる。 The power storage pack produced in Example 20 is suitably used for the power supply system 1 having the power supply mechanism 10 with a rated voltage of DC 380V.
（実施例２１）
正極活物質としてＬｉ［Ｎｉ０．２５Ｍｎ１．７５］Ｏ４を用い、負極活物質としてハードカーボンを用い、Ａ／Ｃ比＝１．２で容量が５０Ａｈのリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン蓄電池を３４５個直列接続した蓄電モジュールを作製し、蓄電パック１３として用いた。(Example 21)
Li [Ni 0.25 Mn 1.75 ] O 4 was used as the positive electrode active material, hard carbon was used as the negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion storage battery with an A / C ratio = 1.2 and a capacity of 50 Ah was produced. A power storage module in which 345 lithium ion storage batteries were connected in series was manufactured and used as a power storage pack 13.
図５４に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図５５に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 54 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 55 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
実施例２１において作製した蓄電パックは、定格電圧が直流１５００Ｖである電力供給機構１０を有する電力供給システム１に好適に用いられる。 The electricity storage pack produced in Example 21 is suitably used for the power supply system 1 having the power supply mechanism 10 whose rated voltage is DC 1500V.
（実施例２２）
図５６に示すように、容量が５Ａｈのニッケル水素蓄電池を蓄電デバイス１３ａとして用い、このニッケル水素蓄電池を８個直列接続することで第１の蓄電モジュール１３ｂ１を作製した。また、このニッケル水素蓄電池を１０個直列接続することで第２の蓄電モジュール１３ｂ２を作製した。さらに、第１の蓄電モジュール１３ｂ１と第２の蓄電モジュール１３ｂ２とを並列接続し、第１の蓄電モジュール１３ｂ１側にスイッチ１４を設けることで蓄電パック１３を作製した。スイッチ１４は、第１の蓄電モジュール１３ｂ１の電圧が１２．０Ｖ以下でＯＮとなり、１２．０Ｖよりも大きくなるとＯＦＦとなるスイッチである。(Example 22)
As shown in FIG. 56, a nickel hydride storage battery having a capacity of 5 Ah was used as the electricity storage device 13a, and eight nickel hydride storage batteries were connected in series to produce a first electricity storage module 13b1. Moreover, the 2nd electrical storage module 13b2 was produced by connecting ten this nickel hydride storage battery in series. Furthermore, the 1st electrical storage module 13b1 and the 2nd electrical storage module 13b2 were connected in parallel, and the electrical storage pack 13 was produced by providing the switch 14 in the 1st electrical storage module 13b1 side. The switch 14 is turned on when the voltage of the first power storage module 13b1 is 12.0V or less and turned off when the voltage is higher than 12.0V.
図５７に、この蓄電パック１３の充放電曲線を示し、図５８に、その充放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）を示す。 FIG. 57 shows a charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack 13, and FIG. 58 shows a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge / discharge curve with voltage.
実施例２２において作製した蓄電パックは、定格電圧が直流１２Ｖである電力供給機構１０を有する電力供給システム１に好適に用いられる。 The power storage pack produced in Example 22 is suitably used for the power supply system 1 having the power supply mechanism 10 with a rated voltage of DC 12V.
実施例２２の結果から分かるように、蓄電パック１３に一定の電圧でＯＮ／ＯＦＦをするスイッチ１４を設置することによって、充放電曲線に段差を形成することができる。また、スイッチを設けることで、充放電電圧が低い方の蓄電モジュールが過充電状態になったり充放電電圧が高い方の蓄電モジュールが過放電状態になったりすることを防ぐことができる。このため、蓄電パック１３にニッケル水素蓄電池や過充電耐性の低いリチウムイオン蓄電池を用いることができる。従って、蓄電パック１３により第１の蓄電パック１１の電圧が過充電領域又は過放電領域に入ることを防ぐことができる。 As can be seen from the results of Example 22, a step can be formed in the charge / discharge curve by installing a switch 14 that turns ON / OFF at a constant voltage in the electricity storage pack 13. Further, by providing the switch, it is possible to prevent the power storage module having a lower charge / discharge voltage from being overcharged or the power storage module having a higher charge / discharge voltage from being overdischarged. For this reason, a nickel metal hydride storage battery or a lithium ion storage battery with low overcharge resistance can be used for the storage pack 13. Therefore, the power storage pack 13 can prevent the voltage of the first power storage pack 11 from entering the overcharge region or the overdischarge region.
１ 電力供給システム
１０ 電力供給機構
１０ａ 電力供給部
１０ｂ 電力変換部
１１ 電気負荷
１２ 送電線
１３ 蓄電パック
１３ａ 蓄電デバイス
１３ｂ 蓄電モジュール
１３ｂ１ 第１の蓄電モジュール
１３ｂ２ 第２の蓄電モジュール
１４ スイッチDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric power supply system 10 Electric power supply mechanism 10a Electric power supply part 10b Electric power conversion part 11 Electric load 12 Power transmission line 13 Electric power storage pack 13a Electric power storage device 13b Electric power storage module 13b1 First electric power storage module 13b2 Second electric power storage module 14 Switch
Claims (11)
前記電力供給機構に接続された電気負荷と、
前記電力供給機構と前記電気負荷とを接続している送電線と、
前記送電線に接続された蓄電パックと、
を備え、
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線は、前記電力供給機構の定格電圧を通過する段差を有しており、
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側における平均放電電圧が前記定格電圧の−２０％以上であり、
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が前記定格電圧の＋２０％以下である、電力供給システム。A power supply mechanism for supplying DC power;
An electrical load connected to the power supply mechanism;
A power transmission line connecting the power supply mechanism and the electrical load;
An electricity storage pack connected to the power transmission line;
With
The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack has a step that passes the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism,
The average discharge voltage on the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is −20% or more of the rated voltage,
The electric power supply system whose average charge voltage in the high SOC side is + 20% or less of the said rated voltage rather than the end point of the level | step difference which the charging / discharging curve of the said electrical storage pack has.
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側における平均充電電圧が前記定格電圧の＋２％以上である、請求項１に記載の電力供給システム。The average discharge voltage on the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is −2% or less of the rated voltage,
2. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein an average charging voltage on a higher SOC side than an end point of a step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is + 2% or more of the rated voltage.
前記電力供給機構に接続された電気負荷と、
前記電力供給機構と前記電気負荷とを接続している送電線と、
前記送電線に接続された蓄電パックと、
を備え、
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線は、前記電力供給機構の定格電圧を通過する段差を有しており、
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の開始点よりも低ＳＯＣ側において、前記蓄電パックの放電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が前記定格電圧の−２０％以上であり、
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、前記蓄電パックの充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が前記定格電圧の＋２０％以下である、電力供給システム。A power supply mechanism for supplying DC power;
An electrical load connected to the power supply mechanism;
A power transmission line connecting the power supply mechanism and the electrical load;
An electricity storage pack connected to the power transmission line;
With
The charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack has a step that passes the rated voltage of the power supply mechanism,
The peak top voltage obtained in a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the electricity storage pack with respect to the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is the rated voltage. -20% or more,
The peak top voltage obtained in a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge curve of the electricity storage pack with respect to the higher SOC than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is the rated voltage. + 20% or less power supply system.
前記蓄電パックの充放電曲線が有する段差の終了点よりも高ＳＯＣ側において、前記蓄電パックの充電曲線を電圧で微分した曲線（ｄＱ／ｄＶ曲線）において得られるピークトップの電圧が前記定格電圧の＋２％以上である、請求項３に記載の電力供給システム。The peak top voltage obtained in a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the discharge curve of the electricity storage pack with respect to the lower SOC side than the starting point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is the rated voltage. -2% or less,
The peak top voltage obtained in a curve (dQ / dV curve) obtained by differentiating the charge curve of the electricity storage pack with respect to the higher SOC than the end point of the step of the charge / discharge curve of the electricity storage pack is the rated voltage. The power supply system according to claim 3, which is + 2% or more.
前記リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極が、正極活物質として、Ｌｉ［ＮｉｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４５）、Ｌｉ［ＣｏｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．１≦ｘ≦１）、Ｌｉ［ＦｅｘＭｎ（２−ｘ）］Ｏ４（０．０５≦ｘ≦０．４５）、ＬｉＦｅａＭｎｂＣｏｃＮｉｄＰＯ４（０≦ａ≦１、０≦ｂ≦１、０≦ｃ≦１、０≦ｄ≦１、ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＋ｄ＝１）及びＬｉ３Ｖ２（ＰＯ４）３からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種を含む、請求項５に記載の電力供給システム。The electricity storage pack includes a lithium ion storage battery,
The positive electrode of the lithium ion battery is a positive electrode active material, Li [Ni x Mn (2 -x)] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.45), Li [Co x Mn (2-x)] O 4 (0.1 ≦ x ≦ 1) , Li [Fe x Mn (2-x)] O 4 (0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.45), LiFe a Mn b Co c Ni d PO 4 (0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 1, 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, a + b + c + d = 1) and at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 The power supply system described in 1.
前記リチウムイオン蓄電池の正極が、複数種類の正極活物質を含む、請求項５又は６に記載の電力供給システム。The electricity storage pack includes a lithium ion storage battery,
The power supply system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the positive electrode of the lithium ion storage battery includes a plurality of types of positive electrode active materials.
前記リチウムイオン蓄電池の負極が、複数種類の負極活物質を含む、請求項５〜７のいずれか一項に記載の電力供給システム。The electricity storage pack includes a lithium ion storage battery,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the negative electrode of the lithium ion storage battery includes a plurality of types of negative electrode active materials.
前記複数の蓄電モジュールは、接続段数が相互に異なる蓄電モジュールを含む、請求項１〜８のいずれか一項に記載の電力供給システム。The power storage pack is formed by connecting a plurality of power storage modules composed of a plurality of power storage devices connected in series in parallel,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the plurality of power storage modules include power storage modules having different numbers of connection stages.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015190932 | 2015-09-29 | ||
| JP2015190932 | 2015-09-29 | ||
| PCT/JP2016/078292 WO2017057283A1 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2016-09-26 | Power supply system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2017057283A1 JPWO2017057283A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
| JP6375549B2 true JP6375549B2 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
Family
ID=58423560
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017543263A Active JP6375549B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2016-09-26 | Power supply system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10547202B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3358706B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6375549B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN108141059B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017057283A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102563753B1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2023-08-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for battery charging |
| KR102349300B1 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2022-01-10 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Apparatus, method, battery pack and electrical system for determining electrode information of battery |
| JP7214993B2 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2023-01-31 | 株式会社リコー | storage system |
| CN109768341A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-17 | 湖南科霸汽车动力电池有限责任公司 | The general battery management system of nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium battery and its management method |
| CN113594637A (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-02 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery module, device, battery pack, and method and apparatus for manufacturing battery module |
| JP7326229B2 (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2023-08-15 | 株式会社東芝 | storage battery |
| CN115943522A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2023-04-07 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery, device, preparation method of battery and preparation device |
| EP4064421A4 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2023-09-13 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Battery, device using battery, and method and device for preparing battery |
| CN114982011B (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2024-04-05 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery module, manufacturing method and equipment thereof, battery pack and electricity utilization device |
| CN116438697A (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2023-07-14 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery pack, battery pack and power utilization device |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03121660U (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1991-12-12 | ||
| CN1163020A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1997-10-22 | 杜拉塞奥公司 | Smart battery algorithm for reporting battery parameters to an external device |
| US5606242A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1997-02-25 | Duracell, Inc. | Smart battery algorithm for reporting battery parameters to an external device |
| US5633573A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1997-05-27 | Duracell, Inc. | Battery pack having a processor controlled battery operating system |
| US20040224229A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-11 | Mansuetto Michael F. | Alkaline cell with copper oxide cathode |
| CN100433447C (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-11-12 | 株式会社东芝 | Storage battery system,regeneration storage battery system and automobile |
| JP4314223B2 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2009-08-12 | 株式会社東芝 | Regenerative power storage system, storage battery system and automobile |
| JP2006338889A (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Power management system and power system management method |
| KR101965016B1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2019-04-02 | 에이일이삼 시스템즈, 엘엘씨 | Blended cathode materials |
| US9360527B2 (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2016-06-07 | Johnson Controls Technology Llc | System and method for energy prediction in battery packs |
| JP2014233098A (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2014-12-11 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Charge and discharge system |
| JP6000742B2 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2016-10-05 | シャープ株式会社 | Power conditioner and power supply system |
| CN104319425B (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-06-22 | 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 | The method that the capacity of lithium ion battery is managed |
| CN104319426B (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-06-22 | 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 | The method that the capacity of lithium ion battery is managed |
-
2016
- 2016-09-26 CN CN201680056541.3A patent/CN108141059B/en active Active
- 2016-09-26 JP JP2017543263A patent/JP6375549B2/en active Active
- 2016-09-26 EP EP16851454.5A patent/EP3358706B1/en active Active
- 2016-09-26 WO PCT/JP2016/078292 patent/WO2017057283A1/en unknown
-
2018
- 2018-03-19 US US15/925,085 patent/US10547202B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3358706A4 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
| WO2017057283A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
| JPWO2017057283A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
| EP3358706B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
| US20180212458A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
| CN108141059A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
| EP3358706A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
| US10547202B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
| CN108141059B (en) | 2021-09-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6375549B2 (en) | Power supply system | |
| JP6368948B2 (en) | Power storage system, moving mechanism, transport mechanism, vehicle and automobile | |
| US20140186659A1 (en) | Hybrid battery system for electric and hybrid electric vehicles | |
| WO2014162686A1 (en) | Battery system | |
| JP6460254B2 (en) | Electricity storage pack | |
| JP2009080939A (en) | Power source system and control method of battery assembly | |
| CN110635169B (en) | Battery pack, vehicle, and method for manufacturing battery pack | |
| JP2009089569A (en) | Power supply system | |
| JP2009080938A (en) | Power source system and control method of battery assembly | |
| Al-Karakchi et al. | Smart EV charging profiles to extend battery life | |
| Aphale et al. | Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles: Requirements, state of art, challenges and future perspectives | |
| US20170250451A1 (en) | On-vehicle battery and on-vehicle power supply device | |
| WO2014104280A1 (en) | Control method and control device for secondary battery | |
| JP5409424B2 (en) | Power supply | |
| JPWO2018135668A1 (en) | Lithium-ion battery pack | |
| JP2022015513A (en) | Battery module | |
| WO2021214817A1 (en) | Storage battery device and electric vehicle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20171219 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20180619 |
|
| RD03 | Notification of appointment of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7423 Effective date: 20180621 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20180702 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6375549 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |