JP6367947B2 - Control device, group of control devices and power storage device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to control of the temperature of a module battery.

  The sodium-sulfur battery is a high temperature operation type secondary battery. For this reason, in a power storage device using a sodium-sulfur battery, a module battery in which a unit cell, a heater, and the like are housed in a container is configured, and the heater is controlled so that the temperature of the module battery approaches the target temperature. . For example, Patent Document 1 describes that in a power storage compensation device using a sodium-sulfur battery, the heater is ON / OFF controlled so that the temperature around the unit cell is 300 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower.

JP 2010-86963 A

  In the power storage device, a plurality of electrically connected module batteries are simultaneously discharged and charged simultaneously. In a plurality of module batteries that are discharged at the same time and charged simultaneously, the temperature fluctuates synchronously, and the power that must be supplied to the plurality of heaters fluctuates synchronously. For this reason, in the power storage device in which a plurality of module batteries are simultaneously discharged and charged simultaneously, the fluctuation of the total power consumption obtained by summing the power consumption of the plurality of heaters over the plurality of heaters becomes large.

  For example, in a power storage device that performs control to increase the time to turn on the heater when the temperature of the module battery decreases and shorten the time to turn on the heater when the temperature of the module battery approaches the target temperature, Consider a case in which the temperature of a plurality of module batteries decreases due to simultaneous charging of a plurality of module batteries after the temperature of the plurality of module batteries rises due to simultaneous discharge of the module batteries, or by stopping discharge simultaneously. . In this case, in the plurality of module batteries, a time when the temperature decreases simultaneously comes, and a time when the time for turning on the heater becomes long comes simultaneously. For this reason, the total power consumption may increase at specific times.

  If the fluctuation of the total power consumption is large, a mechanism for supplying power must be prepared in preparation for the maximum total power consumption. For example, a transformer, a circuit breaker, etc. must be able to continue supplying power to a plurality of heaters even when the total power consumption is maximized. This leads to enlargement of the mechanism for supplying power.

  This problem also occurs when a secondary battery of a high temperature operation type other than the sodium-sulfur battery is used.

  The present invention is made to solve this problem. An object of the present invention is to stabilize the total power consumption obtained by summing the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters over the plurality of heaters while bringing the temperature of the module battery close to the target temperature.

  The present invention is directed to a control device that controls the temperature of a module battery. Each of the plurality of temperature control units includes a temperature sensor and a heater. Thus, the plurality of temperature control units includes a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of heaters.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the control device includes a temperature regulator and a control mechanism.

  The temperature controller obtains the current temperature from the detection result of the temperature sensor for each of a plurality of temperature control units.

  The temperature regulator determines, based on the current temperature and temperature profile, whether the heater should be turned on or off for each temperature control unit to bring the temperature to the target temperature.

  The temperature controller determines that the heater should be turned on for each of a plurality of temperature control units, and if the heater is selected, the heater is turned on and the heater is selected, but the heater is selected. If not, or if it is determined that the heater should be turned off, the heater is turned off.

  The control mechanism needs to be supplied to the heater to bring the temperature to the target temperature for each of the plurality of temperature control units at each of the plurality of first update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively low frequency. Is updated based on the current temperature and the target temperature, and the required power is kept constant until the next incoming first update opportunity.

  The control mechanism sets a heater selected from a plurality of heaters to each of a plurality of second update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively high frequency such that the power difference between the total required power and the total power consumption falls within a standard. The heater selected from the plurality of heaters is maintained constant until the second update opportunity that comes next. The total required power is the total power required over a plurality of heaters. The total power consumption is power obtained by summing the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters over the plurality of heaters.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the control device includes a temperature measurement mechanism, a heater control mechanism, and a control mechanism.

  The temperature measurement mechanism acquires the current temperature from the detection result of the temperature sensor for each of a plurality of temperature control units.

  For each of a plurality of temperature control units, the heater control mechanism turns on the heater when the heater is selected, and turns off the heater when the heater is not selected.

  The control mechanism needs to be supplied to the heater to bring the temperature to the target temperature for each of the plurality of temperature control units at each of the plurality of first update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively low frequency. Is updated based on the current temperature and the target temperature, and the required power is kept constant until the next incoming first update opportunity.

  The control mechanism sets a heater selected from a plurality of heaters to each of a plurality of second update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively high frequency such that the power difference between the total required power and the total power consumption falls within a standard. The heater selected from the plurality of heaters is maintained constant until the second update opportunity that comes next. The total required power is the total power required over a plurality of heaters. The total power consumption is power obtained by summing the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters over the plurality of heaters.

  The present invention is also directed to a group of control devices including a control device and a host control device, and is also directed to a power storage measure including the control device and a module battery.

  In a period from one first update opportunity to the next other first update opportunity, the total required power is kept constant, and the total power consumption is brought close to the total required power. For this reason, the total power consumption is maintained substantially constant during the period.

  The total required power is the power that needs to be supplied to bring the temperature of each of the plurality of temperature control units to the target temperature. For this reason, in the period from one first update opportunity to the next next first update opportunity, the total power consumption is brought close to the total required power, whereby the temperature of each of the plurality of temperature control units. Approaches the target temperature.

  Before and after the first update opportunity, the temperature of each of the plurality of temperature control units is brought close to the target temperature in the period from one first update opportunity to the next other first update opportunity. Total power requirement does not fluctuate greatly. Thereby, the total power consumption does not fluctuate greatly before and after the first update opportunity.

  Accordingly, it is possible to stabilize the total power consumption obtained by summing the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters over the plurality of heaters while bringing the temperature of the module battery close to the target temperature.

  These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

It is a block diagram, such as an electric power storage apparatus. It is sectional drawing of a module battery. It is a block diagram of a temperature control system. It is a time chart which shows the time when required electric power etc. are updated. It is a graph which shows the example of a temperature profile. It is a block diagram of a temperature controller. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process which switches the mode of a temperature regulator. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process in permission acquisition mode. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process in autonomous mode. It is a block diagram of a control mechanism. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process which updates required electric power etc. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process which updates the selected heater. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process which switches the mode of a control mechanism. It is a block diagram showing a plurality of module batteries and the like. It is a block diagram showing a plurality of module batteries and the like. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process which updates the selected heater. It is a block diagram of a temperature control system. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process which updates the selected heater. It is a block diagram showing a plurality of module batteries and the like. It is a block diagram showing a plurality of module batteries and the like.

1 1st Embodiment 1.1 Electric power storage apparatus The block diagram of FIG. 1 shows the electric power storage apparatus 1000 grade | etc.,.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power storage device 1000 includes a plurality of battery units 1010, a plurality of bidirectional converters 1011, a transformer 1012, a power line 1013, a host controller 1014, and the like. The configuration of the power storage device 1000 is changed according to the specifications of the power storage device 1000. For example, the number of battery units 1010 and the number of bidirectional converters 1011 are increased or decreased according to the specifications of the power storage device 1000.

  When the power storage device 1000 transmits power to the grid 1020, the plurality of battery units 1010 are discharged, and power is transmitted from the plurality of battery units 1010 to the grid 1020 through the power line 1013. Electric power from each of the plurality of battery units 1010 is converted from direct current to alternating current by the bidirectional converter 1011 corresponding to each of the plurality of battery units 1010, and boosted by the transformer 1012.

  When the power storage device 1000 receives power from the grid 1020, power is transmitted from the grid 1020 to the plurality of battery units 1010 through the power line 1013, and the plurality of battery units 1010 are charged. Electric power to each of the plurality of battery units 1010 is stepped down by the transformer 1012 and converted from alternating current to direct current by the bidirectional converter 1011 corresponding to each of the plurality of battery units 1010.

  The power storage device 1000 may perform a load leveling operation or a load following operation. The power storage device 1000 may be used as a power failure countermeasure or a voltage sag countermeasure.

1.2 Battery Unit As shown in FIG. 1, each of the plurality of battery units 1010 includes a plurality of module batteries 1030, wiring 1031, a control device 1032, a housing 1033, and the like. The configuration of the battery unit 1010 is changed according to the specifications of the battery unit 1010. For example, the number of module batteries 1030 is increased or decreased according to the specifications of the battery unit 1010. The control device 1032 and the host control device 1014 constitute a group of control devices.

  In each of the plurality of battery units 1010, a plurality of module batteries 1030 are electrically connected in series by wiring 1031. The series number is typically from 10 to 20. The electrical connection of the plurality of module batteries 1030 may be changed. For example, a battery row in which a plurality of module batteries 1030 are electrically connected in series may be configured, and the plurality of battery rows may be electrically connected in parallel. When the battery unit 1010 is discharged, a plurality of module batteries 1030 included in the discharging battery unit 1010 are discharged simultaneously. When the battery unit 1010 is charged, a plurality of module batteries 1030 included in the battery unit 1010 to be charged are charged simultaneously.

  In each of the plurality of battery units 1010, the temperatures of the plurality of module batteries 1030 that are simultaneously discharged and simultaneously charged are controlled by the control device 1032, and the plurality of module batteries 1030, the wiring 1031, the control device 1032, and the like are included in the housing 1033. Installed inside.

1.3 Module Battery The sectional view of FIG. 2 schematically shows the module battery 1030.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the module battery 1030 includes a plurality of single cells 1040, wiring 1041, temperature sensors 1042, heaters 1043, sand 1044, containers 1045, and the like. The configuration of the module battery 1030 is changed according to the specifications of the module battery 1030. For example, the number of unit cells 1040, temperature sensors 1042, and heaters 1043 is increased or decreased according to the specifications of the module battery 1030.

  Each of the plurality of unit cells 1040 is a sodium-sulfur battery. Each of the plurality of unit cells 1040 may be a high-temperature operation type secondary battery other than a sodium-sulfur battery.

  The plurality of unit cells 1040 are electrically connected by a wiring 1041. When the module battery 1030 is discharged, the plurality of single cells 1040 are discharged simultaneously. When the module battery 1030 is charged, the plurality of single cells 1040 are charged simultaneously.

  The temperature sensor 1042 detects the temperature inside the container 1045.

  The heater 1043 converts the supplied power into heat and heats the inside of the container 1045.

  A plurality of unit cells 1040, wirings 1041, temperature sensors 1042, heaters 1043, sand 1044, and the like are accommodated in the container 1045. A plurality of single cells 1040, wirings 1041, temperature sensors 1042, heaters 1043, and the like are embedded in sand 1044.

1.4 Temperature Control System The block diagram of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 3, each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 includes a temperature sensor 1042 and a heater 1043. Accordingly, the plurality of module batteries 1030 includes a plurality of temperature sensors 1042 and a plurality of heaters 1043. Each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 is a unit of temperature control. Each of the plurality of temperature control units is a portion configured to control the temperature separately from the remaining temperature control unit, and includes at least one temperature sensor and at least one used for temperature control. One heater is provided.

  The control device 1032 includes a plurality of temperature regulators 1060, a control mechanism 1061, a power meter 1062, a temperature sensor 1063, a power line 1064, a power line 1065, and the like. The plurality of temperature controllers 1060 are independent of each other. Instead of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 that are independent from each other, a mechanism that includes a plurality of temperature controllers 1060 may be provided.

  Each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 makes an individual determination for bringing the temperature of the corresponding module battery 1030 close to the target temperature T2t (i). The natural number i identifies each of the plurality of module batteries 1030. The control mechanism 1061 makes an overall determination for stabilizing the total power consumption W obtained by summing the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters 1043 over the plurality of heaters 1043. Each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 is configured to make an overall determination by the control mechanism 1061 in addition to the individual determination by each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 when the heater 1043 included in the corresponding module battery 1030 is turned on or off. Consider. As a result, the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 approaches the target temperature T2t (i), and the total power consumption W is stabilized.

  Each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 acquires the current temperature T1a (i) from the detection result of the temperature sensor 1042 for the corresponding module battery 1030, and sets the heater 1043 to the temperature as the target temperature T2t (i). It is determined whether to turn on or off based on the current temperature T1a (i) and the temperature profile.

  Each of the temperature controllers 1060 transmits an on-request signal to the control mechanism 1061 when it is determined that the heater 1043 should be turned on for the corresponding module battery 1030. Each of the temperature controllers 1060 determines that the heater 1043 should be turned on for the corresponding module battery 1030, and turns on the heater 1043 and turns on the heater 1043 when an on-permission signal is received from the control mechanism 1061. However, if the ON permission signal cannot be received from the control mechanism 1061 or if it is determined that the heater 1043 should be turned off, the heater 1043 is turned off.

  Each of the temperature controllers 1060 has a temperature difference T2t (i) −T1a (i) obtained by subtracting the current temperature T1a (i) from the target temperature T2t (i) and a temperature difference T2t ( i) It is determined whether the heater 1043 should be turned on or off based on the time integration of -T1a (i) and the time differential of the temperature difference T2t (i) -T1a (i). As the temperature difference T2t (i) -T1a (i) increases, it becomes easier to determine that the heater 1043 should be turned on. As the time integration of the temperature difference T2t (i) -T1a (i) increases, the heater 1043 is turned on. This makes it easier to determine that the heater 1043 should be turned on as the time derivative of the temperature difference T2t (i) -T1a (i) increases. Factors that are the basis of judgment or judgment algorithms may be changed.

  The control mechanism 1061 receives the on-request signal and selects the heater 1043 included in the module battery 1030 corresponding to the temperature controller 1060 that is the transmission source of the on-request signal, to the temperature controller 1060 that is the transmission source of the on-request signal. An ON permission signal is transmitted, and when the heater 1043 included in the module battery 1030 corresponding to the temperature controller 1060 that is the transmission source of the ON request signal is not selected, the ON permission signal is transmitted to the temperature controller 1060 that is the transmission source of the ON request signal. do not do. Therefore, each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 can receive the ON permission signal when the heater 1043 included in the corresponding module battery 1030 is selected, and each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 receives the ON permission signal. The case where the heater 1043 included in the corresponding module battery 1030 is not selected is not possible.

  The control mechanism 1061 supplies the necessary power WD (i) that needs to be supplied to the heater 1043 to set the temperature to the target temperature T2t (i) for each of the plurality of module batteries 1030, the current temperature T1a (i), and the target temperature. The total required power WDt obtained by summing the required power WD (i) over the plurality of heaters 1043 is obtained based on T2t (i).

  The control mechanism 1061 selects all or part of the plurality of heaters 1043 so that the total power consumption W approaches the total required power WDt. The selection is preferably made from the heater 1043 provided in the module battery 1030 whose current temperature T1a (i) is equal to or lower than the current target temperature T1t (i). Thereby, the module battery 1030 whose current temperature T1a (i) is higher than the current target temperature T1t (i) is not heated.

  The wattmeter 1062 measures the total power consumption W. When the wattmeter 1062 measures the total power consumption W, the voltage applied to each of the plurality of heaters 1043 deviates from the rated voltage, and the resistance value of each of the plurality of heaters 1043 deviates from the rated resistance value. Even when the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters 1043 is deviated from the rated power consumption due to reasons such as the above, the total power consumption W is accurately measured. The total power consumption W may be measured by a power measurement mechanism other than the wattmeter 1062. For example, the voltmeter measures the voltage of the power line 1064 that transmits power for the heater, the ammeter measures the current flowing through the power line 1064, and the multiplier multiplies the voltage and the current to obtain the total power consumption W. May be measured.

  The temperature sensor 1063 detects the ambient temperature Ta of the plurality of module batteries 1030. A temperature sensor corresponding to each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 may be provided. The temperature sensor 1063 may detect the ambient temperature Ta outside the housing 1033. When the power storage device 1000 is installed in an environment where the ambient temperature Ta can be regarded as constant, the temperature sensor 1063 may be omitted.

  The power line 1064 transmits the heater power to the temperature controller 1060. The power line 1065 transmits control power to the temperature controller 1060 and the control mechanism 1061.

1.5 Update Opportunity The time chart of FIG. 4 shows the required power WD (i), the total required power WDt, and when the selected heater 1043 is updated.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the control mechanism 1061 updates the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt for each of a plurality of update opportunities 1070 that repeatedly arrive at the period CT1. The updated required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt are kept constant until the next update opportunity 1070.

  The control mechanism 1061 updates the selected heater 1043 to each of a plurality of update opportunities 1071 that repeatedly arrive at the cycle CT2. The updated selected heater 1043 is kept constant until the next incoming update opportunity 1071.

  The cycle CT1 is longer than the cycle CT2, and the update opportunity 1071 arrives more frequently than the update opportunity 1070. When considering a period 1080 from one update opportunity 1070 to another update opportunity 1070 that comes next and a period 1081 from one update opportunity 1071 to another update opportunity 1071 that comes next, a plurality of periods A plurality of periods 1081 belong to each of 1080. As a result, even when a part of the heater 1043 determined to be turned on is selected, the selected heater 1043 is updated to the update opportunity 1071 and is actually among the heaters 1043 determined to be turned on. The bias of the heater 1043 that is turned on is suppressed.

1.6 Advantages of Temperature Control System According to the temperature control system 1050, the total required power WDt is maintained constant in each of the plurality of periods 1080, and the total power consumption W is brought close to the total required power WDt. For this reason, the total power consumption W is maintained substantially constant in each of the plurality of periods 1080.

  The total required power WDt is power that needs to be supplied in order to set the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 to the target temperature T2t (i). For this reason, in each of the plurality of periods 1080, the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 approaches the target temperature T2t (i) by bringing the total power consumption W close to the total required power WDt.

  By bringing the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 close to the target temperature T2t (i) in each of the plurality of periods 1080, the total required power WDt does not vary greatly before and after the update opportunity 1070. Thereby, the total power consumption W does not fluctuate greatly before and after the update opportunity 1070.

  Thus, the total power consumption W can be stabilized while the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 is brought close to the target temperature T2t (i).

  When the plurality of module batteries 1030 are simultaneously discharged and charged at the same time, the temperatures of the plurality of module batteries 1030 fluctuate synchronously, and the time has come for the plurality of module batteries 1030 to be heated at the same time. For this reason, when the process for making the total power consumption W less likely to fluctuate is performed even though the plurality of module batteries 1030 are simultaneously discharged and simultaneously charged, all of the plurality of heaters 1043 are simultaneously turned on. It is assumed that the rated power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters 1043 and the power consumed by the control device 1032 and the temperature controller 1060 can be more than the sum of the power consumed by the controller 1032 and the temperature controller 1060. A power supply must be prepared in case of a power failure. On the other hand, according to the temperature control system 1050, since processing for making the total power consumption W less likely to fluctuate is performed, when a power failure occurs, an emergency power supply that can supply power about the total required power WDt is generated. It is enough to prepare and prepare. The same applies to transformers and circuit breakers.

1.7 Temperature Profile and Target Temperature The graph of FIG. 5 shows an example of a temperature profile.

  The temperature profile shown in FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the time when the temperature of the module battery 1030 is raised to the final target temperature and the temperature of the module battery 1030. The final target temperature is 305 ° C. The final target temperature is changed according to the specifications of the module battery 1030.

  The current target temperature T1t (i) is the temperature of the module battery 1030 at the update opportunity 1070 that arrives at the current time t1 when the temperature of the module battery 1030 increases according to the temperature profile. The target temperature T2t (i) is the temperature of the module battery 1030 at the update opportunity 1070 that arrives at a future time t2 when the temperature of the module battery 1030 increases according to the temperature profile, and preferably the update opportunity that comes next. This is the temperature of the module battery 1030 at 1070. The current target temperature T1t (i) and target temperature T2t (i) may be determined without depending on the temperature profile. For example, when the temperature of the module battery 1030 is maintained at the final target temperature after the temperature of the module battery 1030 reaches the final target temperature, the final target temperature becomes the current target temperature T1t (i) and the target temperature T2t (i). It may be.

1.8 Required Power and Total Required Power The required power WD (i) is derived from the power WD1 (i) necessary to supplement the heat radiated from each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 and each of the plurality of module batteries 1030. This is the sum of the electric power WD2 (i) necessary for setting the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 to the target temperature T2t (i) when there is no heat dissipated.

  The required power WD (i) needs to be supplied to the heater 1043 provided in each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 in order to set the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 to the target temperature T2t (i) at the next update opportunity 1070. Power WD1 (i) is the ambient temperature from the average temperature {T1a (i) + T2t (i)} / 2, which is the average of the current temperature T1a (i) and the target temperature T2t (i) This is the product of the temperature difference [{T1a (i) + T2t (i)} / 2] -Ta minus the first coefficient, and the power WD2 (i) is calculated from the target temperature T2t (i) This is the product of the temperature difference T2t (i) -T1a (i) obtained by subtracting the temperature T1a (i) and the second coefficient.

  Therefore, when the ambient temperature and the temperature difference TDr are generated, it is assumed that the heat radiated from each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 per unit time is WO, and the heat capacity of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 is C. When the number of module batteries 1030 is n, the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt are expressed by the following formulas 1 and 2, respectively.

1.9 Temperature Controller The temperature controller 1060 incorporates an embedded computer. The embedded computer executes the installed firmware and performs processing according to the firmware. All or part of the processing performed by the embedded computer may be performed by hardware that does not execute software.

  The block diagram of FIG. 6 shows a temperature regulator 1060.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the temperature profile 1110 and the limit temperature difference 1111 are stored in the storage unit 1100 of the temperature controller 1060.

1.10 Switching of Temperature Controller Mode The mode of the temperature controller 1060 is switched between the permission acquisition mode and the autonomous mode. Since the mode of each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 is independent of the mode of the remaining temperature controller 1060, switching between the permission acquisition mode and the autonomous mode is performed for each of the plurality of module batteries 1030. Even when a mechanism incorporating a plurality of temperature controllers 1060 is provided instead of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 that are independent from each other, the permission acquisition mode and the autonomous mode are switched for each of the plurality of module batteries 1030. .

  The flowchart of FIG. 7 shows the flow of processing for switching the mode of the temperature controller 1060.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the temperature controller 1060 limits the temperature difference T1t (i) -T1a (i) obtained by subtracting the current temperature T1a (i) from the current target temperature T1t (i) in step 1120. It is determined whether or not the temperature difference is less than DT. The current target temperature T1t (i) is obtained from the temperature profile 1110 read from the storage unit 1100. The current temperature T1a (i) is acquired from the detection result of the temperature sensor 1042. The limit temperature difference DT (limit temperature difference 1111) is read from the storage unit 1100. If the temperature controller 1060 determines in step 1120 that the temperature difference T1t (i) −T1a (i) is less than the limit temperature difference DT, it enters the permission acquisition mode in step 1121. If the temperature controller 1060 determines that the temperature difference T1t (i) −T1a (i) is greater than or equal to the limit temperature difference DT in step 1120, the temperature controller 1060 enters the autonomous mode in step 1122.

1.11 Permission Acquisition Mode The flowchart in FIG. 8 shows the flow of processing in the permission acquisition mode. The process in the permission acquisition mode is executed to perform the control described in the section “1.4 Temperature control system”.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the temperature controller 1060 determines in step 1130 whether the heater 1043 should be turned on or off. If it is determined in step 1130 that the heater 1043 should be turned on, the temperature controller 1060 transmits an on-request signal to the control mechanism 1061 in step 1131.

  Subsequently, in Step 1132, the temperature controller 1060 determines whether or not an ON permission signal in response to the ON request signal has been received. If the temperature controller 1060 determines that the ON permission signal has been received in step 1132, the temperature controller 1060 turns on the heater 1043 in step 1133. If the temperature controller 1060 determines that the ON permission signal has not been received in step 1132, it turns off the heater 1043 in step 1134.

  If the temperature controller 1060 determines in step 1130 that the heater 1043 should be turned off, the temperature controller 1060 turns off the heater 1043 in step 1134.

  Thereby, when the temperature controller 1060 determines that the heater 1043 should be turned on and the control mechanism 1061 selects the heater 1043, the heater 1043 is turned on, and the temperature controller 1060 determines that the heater 1043 should be turned on. However, if the control mechanism 1061 does not select the heater 1043 or if the temperature controller 1060 determines that the heater 1043 should be turned off, the heater 1043 is turned off. Electric power is supplied from the temperature controller 1060 to the heater 1043 that is turned on. Power is not supplied from the temperature controller 1060 to the heater 1043 that is turned off.

1.12 Autonomous Mode The flowchart in FIG. 9 shows the flow of processing in the autonomous mode. The process in the autonomous mode is executed to exceptionally perform control different from the control described in the section “1.4 Temperature control system”.

  As shown in FIG. 9, in step 1140, the temperature controller 1060 notifies that it has entered the autonomous mode by emitting light, making a sound, or the like.

  Subsequently, the temperature controller 1060 determines in step 1141 whether the heater 1043 should be turned on or off. If the temperature controller 1060 determines in step 1141 that the heater 1043 should be turned on, the temperature controller 1060 turns on the heater 1043 in step 1142. If the temperature controller 1060 determines in step 1141 that the heater 1043 should be turned off, the temperature controller 1060 turns off the heater 1043 in step 1143.

  Accordingly, when the temperature controller 1060 determines that the heater 1043 should be turned on, the heater 1043 is turned on regardless of whether or not the control mechanism 1061 has selected the heater 1043, and the temperature controller 1060 is turned on. Is determined to be turned off, the heater 1043 is turned off.

  In the autonomous mode, when the temperature difference T1t (i) −T1a (i) is out of the proper range due to the reason that the temperature controller 1060 cannot normally receive the ON permission signal from the control mechanism 1061, the temperature controller 1060 The mode shifts from the permission acquisition mode to the autonomous mode, and the temperature difference T1t (i) -T1a (i) returns to the appropriate range. Thereby, deterioration of the module battery 1030 is suppressed. When the temperature controller 1060 is in the autonomous mode, the judgment of the control mechanism 1061 for making the total power consumption W less likely to fluctuate is reflected in the ON or OFF of the heater 1043 corresponding to the temperature controller 1060 in the autonomous mode. As a result, the total power consumption W tends to fluctuate. However, by notifying that the temperature controller 1060 has entered the autonomous mode, the operator can recognize that the temperature controller 1060 has entered the autonomous mode, and using the normal battery unit 1010, the total power consumption W It is possible to take measures such as suppressing fluctuations. Further, when the temperature controller 1060 in the autonomous mode is generated, the total power consumption WDt and the selected heater 1043 are continuously updated with respect to the temperature controller 1060 in the permission acquisition mode. The fluctuation of the electric power W is suppressed.

1.13 Control Mechanism The control mechanism 1061 includes a built-in computer. The embedded computer executes the installed firmware and performs processing according to the firmware. All or part of the processing performed by the embedded computer may be performed by hardware that does not execute software.

  The block diagram of FIG. 10 shows the control mechanism 1061.

  As illustrated in FIG. 10, the temperature profile 1160 and the rated power consumption 1161 of each of the plurality of heaters 1043 are stored in the storage unit 1150 of the control mechanism 1061. When the control mechanism 1061 performs only control for maintaining the temperature of the module battery 1030 at the final target temperature after the temperature of the module battery 1030 reaches the final target temperature, the temperature profile 1160 may not be stored in the storage unit 1150. Well, the capacity of the storage unit 1150 can be reduced.

1.14 Required Power, Total Required Power, Selected Heater, Heater Turned On and Updated Heater Turned Off The flowchart of FIG. 11 shows the required power WD (i), the total required power WDt, the selected heater. 1043 shows a processing flow for updating the heater 1043 to be turned on and the heater 1043 to be turned off.

  In the process shown in FIG. 11, the first process of updating the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt from steps 1170 to 1173 and the selected heater 1043 from steps 1174 to 1177 are turned on. It is roughly divided into a second process for updating the heater 1043 and the heater 1043 to be turned off.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1170 whether or not the time monitored by the CT1 timer has passed the period CT1. When it is determined in step 1170 that the time monitored by the CT1 timer has passed the period CT1, the control mechanism 1061 updates the required power WD (i) in step 1171 and updates the total required power WDt in step 1172. In step 1173, the CT1 timer is reset, and the process of updating the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt is completed. If it is determined in step 1170 that the time monitored by the CT1 timer has not passed the period CT1, the control mechanism 1061 performs the first process without updating the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt. Exit.

  After the process of updating the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt is finished, the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1174 whether the time monitored by the CT2 timer has passed the period CT2. When it is determined in step 1174 that the time monitored by the CT2 timer has passed the period CT2, the control mechanism 1061 updates the heater 1043 selected in step 1175. In response, each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 turns on or off the heater 1043 included in the corresponding module battery 1030 in step 1176. Subsequently, the control mechanism 1061 resets the CT2 timer in step 1177, and ends the process of updating the selected heater 1043, the heater 1043 to be turned on, and the heater 1043 to be turned off. If the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1174 that the time monitored by the CT2 timer has not passed the period CT2, the control mechanism 1061 turns on the selected heater 1043, the heater 1043 to be turned on, and the heater 1043 to be turned off. The second process is terminated without updating.

  As a result, the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt are updated in each of the plurality of update opportunities 1070 that repeatedly arrive at the cycle CT1, and the heater selected for each of the plurality of update opportunities 1071 that repeatedly arrive at the cycle CT2. 1043, heater 1043 turned on and heater 1043 turned off are updated.

1.15 Updating Selected Heater The flowchart of FIG. 12 shows the flow of processing for updating the selected heater 1043.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the control mechanism 1061 determines the order of selecting the heaters 1043 in step 1180. The order in which the heater 1043 is selected is the order in which the temperature difference T1t (i) −T1a (i) in the module battery 1030 including the heater 1043 is large. Accordingly, the heater 1043 provided in the module battery 1030 having a large temperature difference T1t (i) −T1a (i), that is, the heater 1043 that is highly required to be turned on is easily turned on. The temperature difference T1t (i) −T1a (i) is acquired from the temperature controller 1060. The control mechanism 1061 may acquire the current temperature T1a (i) and obtain the temperature difference T1t (i) -T1a (i). Factors serving as a basis for determining the order of selecting the heaters 1043 may be changed. For example, the order in which the heaters 1043 are selected determines that the temperature controller 1060 should be turned on, but the control mechanism 1061 determines that the time not selected is long or the temperature controller 1060 should be turned on. The order in which the number of times that the mechanism 1061 did not select may be larger. In this case, the time or frequency of the selected heater 1043 is reset to zero.

  Subsequently, in Step 1181, the control mechanism 1061 selects the heater 1043 having the highest order in the determined order from the heaters 1043 that have not been selected, and increases the selected heater 1043 by one.

  Subsequently, in step 1182, the control mechanism 1061 transmits an ON permission signal to the temperature regulator 1060 corresponding to the module battery 1030 including the selected heater 1043. At this time, since the temperature controller 1060 that has received the ON permission signal turns on the selected heater 1043, the total power consumption W increases by the power consumption of the selected heater 1043.

  Subsequently, in step 1183, the control mechanism 1061 determines whether or not the total power consumption W exceeds the power WDt−Wm obtained by subtracting the rated power consumption Wm of the heater 1043 to be selected next from the total required power WDt. The total power consumption W is acquired from the wattmeter 1062. The rated power consumption Wm (rated power consumption 1161) of the heater 1043 to be selected next is read from the storage unit 1150. If the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1183 that the total power consumption W exceeds the power WDt−Wm, the control mechanism 1061 ends the process of updating the selected heater 1043. If the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1183 that the total power consumption W does not exceed the power WDt−Wm, the control mechanism 1061 returns to step 1181 and repeats steps 1181 to 1183.

  Thereby, when the selected heater 1043 is updated, the selected heater 1043 is incremented one by one from the state where the selected heater 1043 is not present, and the heater 1043 is increased until the total power consumption W exceeds the electric power WDt-Wm for the first time. Are additionally selected in the order determined.

  In this case, all or some of the plurality of heaters 1043 are normally selected so that the power difference WDt−W between the total power consumption W and the total required power WDt is within the criterion of 0 or more and less than Wm. However, when selection is made from the heater 1043 provided in the module battery 1030 whose current temperature T1a (i) is equal to or lower than the target temperature T1t (i), the current temperature T1a (i) is equal to or lower than the target temperature T1t (i). There is a case where a certain module battery 1030 is insufficient and the power difference WDt-W exceeds the standard of 0 or more and less than Wm.

  The criteria may be changed. For example, the total required power WDt may be replaced with power WDt + Wadd obtained by adding the correction value Wadd to the total required power WDt. In this case, the heater 1043 is additionally selected in the order determined until the total power consumption W exceeds the power WDt + Wadd−Wm for the first time, so that the power difference WDt−W is within the criterion of being −Wadd or more and less than Wm−Wadd. All or some of the plurality of heaters 1043 are selected.

  When the standard of 0 or more and less than Wm is adopted, the total power consumption W becomes equal to or less than the total required power WDt, and thus the power required to set the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 to the target temperature T2t (i). Is not supplied to the plurality of heaters 1043, and the temperature of all or part of the plurality of module batteries 1030 does not reach the target temperature T2t (i) at the next update opportunity 1070. In this case, the total required power WDt becomes large at the update opportunity 1070 that comes next, and an insufficient temperature rise tends to be solved, but the total power consumption W and the total required power WDt are likely to fluctuate. On the other hand, when the total required power WDt is corrected by the correction value Wadd, the total power consumption W approaches the total required power WDt, and the total power consumption W and the total required power WDt are less likely to vary. The correction value Wadd is desirably ½ of the rated power consumption of the heater 1043 to be selected next. This particularly increases the effect of suppressing fluctuations in the total power consumption W and the total required power WDt.

1.16 Switching of control mechanism mode The mode of the control mechanism 1061 is switched between the normal mode and the power failure mode.

  The flowchart in FIG. 13 shows processing for switching the mode of the control mechanism 1061.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1190 whether a power failure has occurred. If the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1190 that a power failure has occurred, it enters a power failure mode in step 1191. If the control mechanism 1061 determines in step 1190 that no power failure has occurred, it enters the normal mode in step 1192. Switching between the normal mode and the power failure mode may be performed manually.

  In the normal mode, the control mechanism 1061 updates the heater 1043 selected so that the power difference WDt−W is within the criterion of 0 or more and less than Wm.

  In the power failure mode, the control mechanism 1061 replaces the total required power WDt with the upper limit power Wmax, and updates the heater 1043 selected so that the power difference Wmax-W is within the standard of 0 or more and less than Wm.

  If the emergency power supply to be used is determined before the occurrence of a power failure, the upper limit power Wmax is set before the occurrence of the power failure and is set below the power that can be supplied from the emergency power supply to be used. .

  If the emergency power supply to be used is not determined before the occurrence of the power failure, the upper limit power Wmax is the power supply for the heater and the control power from the emergency power supply after the occurrence of the power failure. It is set below the electric power which can be supplied from the emergency power source set and used before.

  The upper limit power Wmax may be smaller than the total required power WDt, or may be a power obtained by summing the power WD1 (i) expressed by the following Equation 3 over a plurality of module batteries 1030.

  By replacing the total required power WDt with a smaller upper limit power Wmax when a power failure occurs, the power that the emergency power supply must supply can be reduced.

  When the total required power WDt is replaced with a smaller upper limit power Wmax when a power failure occurs, the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 cannot be increased according to the temperature profile, and each of the plurality of module batteries 1030 is The time required to raise the temperature of the is increased. However, when the supply of heater power and control power from the emergency power supply is started immediately after the occurrence of a power failure, the heater power and control power are supplied from the emergency power supply. This is limited to the case where a power failure occurs, etc., and since there is little decrease in the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 1030, there is no problem in actual use.

1.17 Control Device Communication is periodically performed between the control mechanism 1061 and the host control device 1014. The cycle in which communication is performed is, for example, 1 second. Communication may be performed aperiodically. When the control mechanism 1061 fails, a signal indicating that the control mechanism 1061 has failed is transmitted from the control mechanism 1061 to the host controller 1014. When the host control device 1014 receives a signal indicating that the control mechanism 1061 has failed, the host control device 1014 notifies the fact that the control mechanism 1061 has failed by displaying on the display, making a sound, or the like. Instead of receiving a signal indicating that the control mechanism 1061 has failed, or in addition to receiving a signal indicating that the control mechanism 1061 has failed, the host control apparatus 1014 and the host control device 1061 When communication with the apparatus 1014 is not normally performed, it may be notified that the control mechanism 1061 has failed.

  In addition to notifying that the control mechanism 1061 has failed or instead of notifying that the control mechanism 1061 has failed, the host controller 1014 indicates that the temperature controller 1060 has entered the autonomous mode. You may notify. In this case, when the control mechanism 1061 detects that the temperature regulator 1060 has entered the autonomous mode, a signal indicating that the temperature regulator 1060 has entered the autonomous mode is transmitted from the control mechanism 1061 to the host controller 1014. The When the host controller 1014 receives a signal indicating that the temperature controller 1060 has entered the autonomous mode, the temperature controller 1060 has entered the autonomous mode, for example, by displaying on the display or playing a sound. Inform you.

1.18 Group of Measurement Points Each of the plurality of module batteries may include a group of temperature sensors and a group of heaters by including individual temperature sensors and individual heaters corresponding to each of the group of measurement points. For example, each of the plurality of module batteries includes a temperature sensor and a heater corresponding to a measurement point near the bottom surface, and a temperature sensor and a heater corresponding to a measurement point near the side surface. May be provided. In this case, each of the plurality of module batteries may be one temperature control unit or a group of temperature control units.

  The block diagram of FIG. 14 shows a plurality of module batteries 1200 and a plurality of temperature regulators 1220 that replace the plurality of module batteries 1030 and the plurality of temperature regulators 1060 shown in FIG.

  When each of the plurality of module batteries 1200 is a unit of temperature control, a temperature controller 1220 corresponding to each of the plurality of module batteries 1200 is provided as shown in FIG.

  Each of the plurality of temperature regulators 1220 obtains a group of current temperatures by obtaining individual current temperatures from the detection results of the individual temperature sensors 1210 for the corresponding module battery 1200, and obtains a group of current temperatures. To obtain the current temperature T1a (i). The current temperature T1a (i) may be obtained by weighted averaging a group of current temperatures. When a group of current temperatures is weighted and averaged, the weighting factor multiplied by the temperature acquired from the detection result of the temperature sensor 1210 corresponding to the measurement point 1240 belonging to the region where the contribution to the heat dissipation is large increases, and the heat dissipation is increased. The weighting factor to be multiplied by the temperature acquired from the detection result of the temperature sensor 1210 corresponding to the measurement point 1240 belonging to the region where the contribution of is small is small. The contribution to heat dissipation is obtained by measuring how the heat radiated from the module battery 1200 changes when the temperature of each of the group of measurement points 1240 is changed. The weighting factor may be obtained by other methods.

  The target temperature T2t (i) is obtained by obtaining a group of target temperatures by obtaining individual target temperatures corresponding to each of the group of measurement points 1240 and performing simple averaging or weighted averaging of the group of target temperatures. The current target temperature T1t (i) is obtained by obtaining a group of current target temperatures by obtaining an individual current target temperature corresponding to each of the group of measurement points 1240, and simply averaging or weighting the group of current target temperatures. Obtained by averaging.

  Each of the plurality of temperature regulators 1220 determines whether the group of heaters 1211 should be turned on or off for the corresponding module battery 1200 to set the temperature to the target temperature T2t (i). ) And temperature profile. When each of the temperature controllers 1060 determines that the group of heaters 1211 should be turned on for the corresponding module battery 1200, the temperature controller 1060 transmits an on-request signal to the control mechanism 1061, and turns on the group of heaters 1211. When it is determined that the group of heaters 1211 should be turned on and the group of heaters 1211 should be turned on when the on permission signal can be received from the control mechanism 1061, the on permission signal cannot be received from the control mechanism 1061. In this case or when it is determined that the group of heaters 1211 should be turned off, the group of heaters 1211 is turned off.

  The block diagram of FIG. 15 shows a plurality of module batteries 1250 and a plurality of temperature regulators 1270 that replace the plurality of module batteries 1030 and the plurality of temperature regulators 1060 shown in the block diagram of FIG.

  If each of the plurality of module batteries 1250 has a group of temperature control units 1260, a temperature controller 1270 corresponding to each of the group of temperature control units 1260 is provided as shown in FIG. Thus, a group of temperature controllers 1270 corresponding to each of the plurality of module batteries 1250 are provided.

  Each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1270 performs the same processing as that performed on the module battery 1030 corresponding to each of the plurality of temperature controllers 1060 shown in FIG. 3 for the corresponding temperature control unit 1260. In this case, the heat capacity of each of the group of temperature control units 1260 is obtained by apportioning the heat capacity of the module battery 1250. The heat capacity apportioned to each of the group of temperature control units 1260 is such that when power is supplied to each of the group of heaters 1280 such that the temperature inside the module battery 1250 is uniform, It is determined according to the supplied power. The apportioning may be performed by other methods.

1.19 Omission of power meter The power meter 1062 may be omitted, and the control mechanism 1061 may obtain the total power consumption W.

  The flowchart of FIG. 16 shows the flow of processing for updating the selected heater 1043 when the control mechanism 1061 calculates the total power consumption W.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the control mechanism 1061 determines the order of selecting the heaters 1043 in step 1290, similar to step 1180 in the flowchart of FIG. 12.

  Subsequently, in step 1291, the control mechanism 1061 selects the heaters 1043 in the order determined so that the number of selected heaters 1043 is maximized within a range where the total power consumption W is equal to or less than the total required power WDt. The total power consumption W is obtained by summing the rated power consumption of each of the selected heaters 1043 over the selected heaters 1043. As a result, all or some of the plurality of heaters 1043 are selected so that the power difference WDt-W is within the standard of 0 or more and less than Wm. However, when selection is made from the heater 1043 provided in the module battery 1030 whose current temperature T1a (i) is equal to or lower than the target temperature T1t (i), the current temperature T1a (i) is equal to or lower than the target temperature T1t (i). There is a case where a certain module battery 1030 is insufficient and the power difference WDt-W exceeds the standard of 0 or more and less than Wm.

  The criteria may be changed. For example, the total required power WDt may be replaced with power WDt + Wadd obtained by adding the correction value Wadd to the total required power WDt. In this case, the control mechanism 1061 selects all or part of the plurality of heaters 1043 so that the number of selected heaters 1043 is maximized within a range where the total power consumption W is equal to or less than the total required power WDt + Wadd. To do.

  Subsequently, in step 1292, the control mechanism 1061 transmits an ON permission signal to the temperature regulator 1060 including the selected heater 1043.

1.20 Example of Operation Time table 1 shows an example of changes in total required power WDt over time.

  Time tables 2, 3 and 4 show examples of changes in heater state over time in periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The number “1” means that the heater is turned on. The number “0” means that the heater has been turned off. The period 1-1 to the period 1-10 belong to the period 1, the period 2-1 to the period 2-10 belong to the period 2, and the period 3-1 to the period 3-10 belong to the period 3. The lengths of the period 1-1 to the period 1-10, the period 2-1 to the period 2-10, and the period 3-1 to the period 3-10 are equal to the period CT2.

  In each of the period 1-1 to the period 1-10, the heaters are turned on in 4 module batteries out of 10 module batteries, the total power consumption W is 20 kW, and the total power consumption W is necessary. The number of selected heaters is maximized within a range where the electric power is less than WDt.

  In each of the period 2-1 to the period 2-10, the heaters are turned on in 5 module batteries out of 10 module batteries, the total power consumption W is 25 kW, and the total power consumption W is necessary. The number of selected heaters is maximized within a range where the electric power is less than WDt.

  In the period 3-1 and the period 3-3 to the period 3-10, the heater is turned on in 5 module batteries out of 10 module batteries, and the total power consumption W becomes 25 kW, and the total power consumption W The number of selected heaters is maximized within a range where the total required power is less than or equal to WDt. However, in period 3-2, the heaters are turned on in four of the ten module batteries, and the total power consumption W is 20 kW. This is because the module battery whose current temperature is equal to or lower than the current target temperature T1t (i) is insufficient, and the five heaters cannot be turned on.

2 Second Embodiment 2.1 Temperature Control System The second embodiment relates to a temperature control system 2000 that replaces the temperature control system 1050 of the first embodiment. Below, the point from which the temperature control system 2000 of 2nd Embodiment differs from the temperature control system 1050 of 1st Embodiment is mainly demonstrated. About the point which is not demonstrated, the structure of the temperature control system 1050 of 1st Embodiment is used in the temperature control system 2000 of 2nd Embodiment.

  The block diagram of FIG. 17 shows a temperature control system 2000 of the second embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 17, each of the plurality of module batteries 2010 includes a temperature sensor 2020 and a heater 2021. Thus, the plurality of module batteries 2010 includes a plurality of temperature sensors 2020 and a plurality of heaters 2021. Each of the plurality of module batteries 2010 is a unit of temperature control.

  The control device 2030 includes a plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2040, a plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041, a control mechanism 2042, a wattmeter 2043, a temperature sensor 2044, a power line 2045, a power line 2046, and the like. Instead of the plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2040 independent from each other, a mechanism incorporating a plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2040 may be provided. A mechanism incorporating a plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041 may be provided instead of the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041 independent of each other.

  Each of the plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2040 acquires the current temperature T1a (i) from the detection result of the temperature sensor 2020 for the corresponding module battery 2010.

  Each of the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041 turns on the heater 2021 when the ON signal is received from the control mechanism 2042 for the corresponding module battery 2010, and turns off the heater 2021 when the OFF signal is received from the control mechanism 2042. To do.

  The control mechanism 2042 transmits an ON signal to the heater control mechanism 2041 corresponding to the module battery 2010 including the selected heater 2021, and an OFF signal to the heater control mechanism 2041 corresponding to the module battery 2010 including the heater 2021 that is not selected. Send. Therefore, each of the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041 receives the ON signal when the heater 2021 included in the corresponding module battery 2010 is selected, and each of the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041 receives the OFF signal. Is a case where the heater 2021 included in the corresponding module battery 2010 is not selected.

  As in the case of the first embodiment, the control mechanism 2042 requires the necessary power WD (i) that needs to be supplied to the heater 2021 to set the temperature to the target temperature T2t (i) for each of the plurality of module batteries 2010. Is calculated based on the current temperature T1a (i) and the target temperature T2t (i), and the total required power WDt obtained by summing the required power WD (i) over the plurality of heaters 2021 is determined.

  As in the case of the first embodiment, the control mechanism 2042 selects all or part of the plurality of heaters 2021 so that the total power consumption W approaches the total required power WDt. The selection is preferably performed from the heater 2021 provided in the module battery 2010 whose current temperature T1a (i) is equal to or lower than the current target temperature T1t (i).

  As in the case of the first embodiment, the control mechanism 2042 updates the required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt in each of the plurality of update opportunities 1070 that repeatedly arrive at the cycle CT1, and then receives the next update opportunity The required power WD (i) and the total required power WDt are kept constant up to 1070. The control mechanism 2042 updates the heater 2021 selected for each of the plurality of update opportunities 1071 that repeatedly arrive at the cycle CT2, and keeps the selected heater 2021 constant until the next update opportunity 1071 arrives. Update opportunities 1071 arrive more frequently than update opportunities 1070.

  The wattmeter 2043 measures the total power consumption W. The temperature sensor 2044 detects the ambient temperature Ta of the plurality of module batteries 2010. The power line 2045 transmits power for the heater to the heater control mechanism 2041. The power line 2046 transmits control power to the components of the control device 2030.

  According to the temperature control system 2000, as in the case of the first embodiment, the total power consumption W can be stabilized while bringing the temperature of each of the plurality of module batteries 2010 close to the target temperature T2t (i).

2.2 Update of Selected Heater The flowchart of FIG. 18 shows the flow of processing for updating the selected heater 2021.

  As shown in FIG. 18, the control mechanism 2042 determines the order of selecting the heater 2021 in step 2050 as in the case of the first embodiment.

  Subsequently, in step 2051, the control mechanism 2042 additionally selects the heater 2021 that has not been selected in the determined order from the heaters 2021, and increases the selected heater 2021.

  Subsequently, in step 2052, the control mechanism 2042 transmits an ON signal to the heater control mechanism 2041 corresponding to the module battery 2010 including the selected heater 2021. At this time, since the heater control mechanism 2041 that has received the ON signal turns on the selected heater 2021, the total power consumption W increases by the power consumption of the selected heater 2021.

  Subsequently, in step 2053, the control mechanism 2042 determines whether or not the total power consumption W exceeds the power WDt−Wm obtained by subtracting the rated power consumption Wm of the heater 2021 to be selected next from the total required power WDt. The total power consumption W is acquired from the wattmeter 2043. The rated power consumption Wm of the heater 2014 to be selected next is read from the storage unit. When it is determined in step 2053 that the total power consumption W exceeds the power WDt−Wm, the control mechanism 2042 ends the process of updating the selected heater 2021. When it is determined in step 2053 that the total power consumption W does not exceed the power WDt−Wm, the control mechanism 2042 returns to step 2051 and repeats steps 2051 to 2053.

  As a result, when the selected heater 2021 is updated, the selected heaters 2021 are incremented one by one from the state without the selected heater 2021 until the total power consumption W exceeds the power WDt-Wm for the first time. Are additionally selected in the order determined.

  In this case, all or some of the plurality of heaters 2021 are selected so that the power difference WDt−W between the total power consumption W and the total required power WDt is within the criterion of 0 or more and less than Wm. As in the case of the first embodiment, the reference may be changed.

2.3 Group of Measurement Points As in the case of the first embodiment, each of the plurality of module batteries includes an individual temperature sensor and an individual heater corresponding to each of the group of measurement points. And a group of heaters. In this case, each of the plurality of module batteries may be a single temperature control unit or a group of temperature control units.

  The block diagram of FIG. 19 includes a plurality of module batteries 2060, a plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2070, and a plurality of modules that replace the plurality of module batteries 2010, the plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2040, and the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041 shown in the block diagram of FIG. The heater control mechanism 2071 is shown.

  When each of the plurality of module batteries 2060 is a unit of temperature control, as shown in FIG. 19, a temperature measurement mechanism 2070 and a heater control mechanism 2071 corresponding to each of the plurality of module batteries 2060 are provided. It is done.

  Each of the plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2070 obtains a group of current temperatures by obtaining individual current temperatures from the detection results of the individual temperature sensors 2080 for the corresponding module battery 2060, and obtains a group of current temperatures. To obtain the current temperature T1a (i). The current temperature T1a (i) may be obtained by weighted averaging a group of current temperatures.

  The target temperature T2t (i) is obtained by obtaining a group of target temperatures by obtaining individual target temperatures corresponding to each of the group of measurement points 2090 and performing a simple average or a weighted average of the group of target temperatures. The current target temperature T1t (i) is obtained by obtaining a group of current target temperatures by obtaining an individual current target temperature corresponding to each of the group of measurement points 2090, and simply averaging or weighting the group of current target temperatures. Obtained by averaging.

  Each of the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2071 turns on the group of heaters 2081 when the on signal is received from the control mechanism 2042 and the group of heaters when the off signal is received from the control mechanism 2042 for the corresponding module battery 2060. Turn 2081 off.

  The block diagram of FIG. 20 includes a plurality of module batteries 2100, a plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2120, and a plurality of modules that replace the plurality of module batteries 2010, the plurality of temperature measurement mechanisms 2040, and the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2041 shown in the block diagram of FIG. The heater control mechanism 2121 is shown.

  When each of the plurality of module batteries 2100 has a group of temperature control units 2110, as shown in FIG. 20, a temperature measurement mechanism 2120 and a heater control mechanism corresponding to each of the group of temperature control units 2110. 2121 is provided. Accordingly, a group of temperature measurement mechanisms 2120 and a group of heater control mechanisms 2121 corresponding to each of the plurality of module batteries 2100 are provided.

  Each of the plurality of temperature measuring mechanisms 2120 performs the same processing as the processing performed on the module battery 2010 corresponding to each of the plurality of temperature measuring mechanisms 2070 shown in FIG. 17 on the corresponding temperature control unit 2110. Each of the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2121 performs the same processing as that performed on the module battery 2010 corresponding to each of the plurality of heater control mechanisms 2071 shown in FIG. 17 for the corresponding temperature control unit 2110.

  While the invention has been shown and described in detail, the above description is illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. Accordingly, it is understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised without departing from the scope of the present invention.

1000 Power storage device 1014 Host controller 1030, 1200, 1250, 2010, 2060, 2100 Module battery 1032 Controller 1042, 1063, 1210, 2020, 2044, 2080 Temperature sensor 1043, 1211, 1280, 2021, 2081 Heater 1050, 2000 Temperature control system 1060, 1220, 1270 Temperature controller 1061, 2042 Control mechanism 1062, 2043 Wattmeter 1260, 2110 Temperature control unit 2040, 2070, 2120 Temperature measurement mechanism 2041, 2071, 2121 Heater control mechanism

Claims (22)

Each of the plurality of temperature control units includes a temperature sensor and a heater, thereby controlling the temperature of the module battery when the plurality of temperature control units include a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of heaters. And
For each of the plurality of temperature control units, the current temperature is obtained from the detection result of the temperature sensor, and whether the heater should be turned on or turned off in order to set the temperature to the target temperature. Judging based on temperature and temperature profile, determining that the heater should be turned on and selecting the heater, turning the heater on and determining that the heater should be turned on, but the heater is selected A temperature controller that turns off the heater if it is not present or if it is determined that the heater should be turned off;
In each of the plurality of first update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively low frequency, the necessary power that needs to be supplied to the heater to bring the temperature to the target temperature for each of the plurality of temperature control units. Updating based on the current temperature and the target temperature, maintaining the required power constant until the first update opportunity that comes next, and summing the required power over the plurality of heaters as a total required power When the total power consumption is the sum of the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters over the plurality of heaters, the total is necessary for each of the plurality of second update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively high frequency. The heater selected from the plurality of heaters is updated so that the power difference between the electric power and the total power consumption is within the standard, and the plurality of heaters are updated until the next second update opportunity. And a control mechanism for maintaining a selected heater constant,
A control device for controlling the temperature of the module battery. When the control mechanism updates a heater selected from the plurality of heaters, the temperature controller determines that the temperature controller should be turned on, but has not been selected by the control mechanism. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the heaters are selected in descending order of the number of times that the control mechanism has determined that the control mechanism has not been selected. For each of the plurality of temperature control units, the temperature controller enters a permission acquisition mode when a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the current temperature from a current target temperature is less than a limit temperature difference, and the current target is set. When the temperature difference obtained by subtracting the current temperature from the temperature is equal to or greater than the limit temperature difference, the autonomous mode is set. When the permission acquisition mode is set, it is determined that the heater should be turned on and the heater is selected. If the heater is turned on and the heater is turned on but the heater is not selected or if it is judged that the heater should be turned off, the heater is turned off and the autonomous mode is turned on. If it is determined, the heater is turned on when it is determined that the heater should be turned on, and the heater is turned off when it is determined that the heater should be turned off. Or second controller. The temperature controller is
The control device according to claim 3, which notifies that the autonomous mode has been entered. One module battery has a group of temperature control units,
The temperature controller corresponds to each of the group of temperature control units,
5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature controller acquires the current temperature from the temperature sensor and obtains the target temperature for a corresponding temperature control unit. Each of the plurality of temperature control units includes a group of temperature sensors and a group of heaters by including an individual temperature sensor and an individual heater corresponding to each of the group of measurement points,
The temperature controller obtains a group of current temperatures by obtaining individual current temperatures from detection results of the individual temperature sensors for each of the plurality of temperature control units, and obtains a group of current temperatures. By obtaining the current temperature by averaging the temperature of the group, obtaining the individual target temperature corresponding to each of the group of measurement points, obtaining the group of target temperatures, and averaging the group of target temperatures The control device according to claim 1, wherein the target temperature is obtained. Each of the plurality of temperature control units includes a temperature sensor and a heater, thereby controlling the temperature of the module battery when the plurality of temperature control units include a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of heaters. And
For each of the plurality of temperature control units, a temperature measurement mechanism that acquires a current temperature from a detection result of the temperature sensor;
For each of the plurality of temperature control units, a heater control mechanism that turns on the heater when the heater is selected and turns off the heater when the heater is not selected;
In each of the plurality of first update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively low frequency, the necessary electric power that needs to be supplied to the heater to bring the temperature to the target temperature for each of the plurality of temperature control units Updating based on the current temperature and the target temperature, maintaining the required power constant until the next incoming first update opportunity, and summing the required power across the plurality of heaters as the total required power, When the total power consumption is obtained by summing the power consumption of each of the plurality of heaters over the plurality of heaters, the total required power is supplied to each of the plurality of second update opportunities that repeatedly arrive at a relatively high frequency. The heater selected from the plurality of heaters is updated so that the power difference between the total power consumption and the total power consumption is within the standard, and the second heater is selected from the plurality of heaters until the next second update opportunity. And a control mechanism for maintaining the heater at a constant that is,
A control device for controlling the temperature of the module battery. One module battery has a group of temperature control units,
The temperature measuring mechanism corresponds to each of the unit of temperature control of the group,
The temperature measuring mechanism obtains the current temperature from the temperature sensor for a corresponding temperature control unit;
The control device according to claim 7, wherein the control mechanism obtains the target temperature for each of the unit of temperature control. Each of the plurality of temperature control units includes a group of temperature sensors and a group of heaters by including an individual temperature sensor and an individual heater corresponding to each of the group of measurement points,
The temperature measurement mechanism obtains a group of current temperatures by obtaining individual current temperatures from detection results of the individual temperature sensors, and calculates the current temperature by averaging the group of current temperatures. Acquired,
8. The control according to claim 7, wherein the control mechanism obtains a group of target temperatures by obtaining individual target temperatures corresponding to the group of measurement points, and obtains the target temperature by averaging the group of target temperatures. apparatus. The said control mechanism selects all or one part of the heater with which the unit of temperature control in which the said present temperature is below the present target temperature is provided, when updating the heater selected from these several heaters. One of the control devices from 1 to 9. The control mechanism, when updating a heater selected from the plurality of heaters, selects a heater in descending order of a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the current temperature from a current target temperature in a temperature control unit. , 7, 8, 9 and 10. A power measurement mechanism for measuring the total power consumption;
When updating the heater selected from the plurality of heaters, the control mechanism sequentially turns the heaters until the total power consumption exceeds a power obtained by subtracting the rated power consumption of the next heater to be selected from the total required power for the first time. 12. The control device according to claim 1, which is selected. When the control mechanism updates a heater selected from the plurality of heaters, the number of heaters selected from the plurality of heaters is maximized within a range where the total power consumption is equal to or less than the total required power. The heaters are selected in order, and the total power consumption is obtained by summing the rated power consumption of each of the heaters selected from the plurality of heaters over the heaters selected from the plurality of heaters. Any control device. A power measurement mechanism for measuring the total power consumption;
When the control mechanism updates a heater selected from the plurality of heaters, the total power consumption is obtained by subtracting the rated power consumption of the next heater to be selected from power obtained by adding a correction value to the total required power. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein heaters are selected in order until the first time exceeds the first time. When the control mechanism updates a heater selected from the plurality of heaters, the control mechanism is selected from the plurality of heaters within a range in which the total power consumption is equal to or less than the total required power plus a correction value. The heaters are sequentially selected so that the number of heaters is maximized, and the rated power consumption of each of the heaters selected from the plurality of heaters is summed over the heaters selected from the plurality of heaters, thereby calculating the total power consumption. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 11. The control device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the correction value is 1/2 of a rated power consumption of a heater to be selected next. The necessary electric power does not include the first electric power required to supplement the heat radiated from each of the plurality of temperature control units and the heat radiated from each of the plurality of temperature control units. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, which is a sum of a second electric power necessary to set each of the plurality of temperature control units to the target temperature. The temperature sensor is a first temperature sensor;
A second temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature of the plurality of temperature control units;
The required power is power that needs to be supplied to the heater to set the temperature of each of the plurality of temperature control units to the target temperature at a first update opportunity that comes next,
The first power is a product of a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the ambient temperature from an average temperature obtained by averaging the current temperature and the target temperature, and a first coefficient,
The control device according to claim 17, wherein the second electric power is a product of a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the current temperature from the target temperature and a second coefficient. The control mechanism is in a normal mode or a power failure mode, and when the normal mode is entered, a heater selected from the plurality of heaters such that a power difference between the total power consumption and the total required power is within a standard. When the power failure mode is entered, the upper limit power is set to be equal to or lower than the power that can be supplied from the emergency power supply, and the power difference between the total power consumption and the upper limit power is within the standard. The control device according to claim 1, wherein a heater selected from the plurality of heaters is updated. A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 19,
A host controller that notifies that the control mechanism has failed;
A group of control devices comprising: A control device according to claim 3 or 4;
A host controller for notifying that the temperature controller has entered the autonomous mode;
A group of control devices comprising: A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 19,
A module battery,
A power storage device comprising:

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