JP6365059B2 - Energy management system and power supply and demand plan optimization method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an energy management system and a power supply and demand plan optimization method.

  As described in Patent Literature 1, a power supply system including a power storage unit, a charging stand for charging an in-vehicle power storage device, a solar power generator, and a general load is known. These devices are provided in a house or the like, and are connected to an AC power line via an integrated power control device. The integrated power control device determines a charging / discharging schedule of the power device based on the prediction data of the power consumption amount, the prediction data of the power generation amount, and the use schedule of the in-vehicle power storage device. The integrated power control device controls the power charged to the power storage unit and the in-vehicle power storage device and the power discharged from the power storage unit and the on-vehicle power storage device to the AC power line according to the charge / discharge schedule.

  The integrated power control apparatus formulates and calculates charging / discharging into a mixed integer programming problem so that a preset evaluation index becomes a predetermined value. In mixed integer programming problems, conditional branches are expressed by linear inequality constraints using logical variables. By expressing conditional branches in this way, a solution is obtained using an optimization tool.

JP2013-27214A

  The mixed integer programming problem is an optimization problem in which an objective function, an inequality constraint condition, and an equality constraint condition are all expressed by linear functions, and some design variables take only integers. When the supply and demand plan optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem as in the power supply system described above, both the objective function and the constraint condition must have linearity. When devices having non-linearity are mixed in the microgrid, the above-described power supply system may not be able to obtain an optimal solution. As described above, it is difficult to apply the mixed integer programming problem when devices having nonlinearity are mixed.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an energy management system and a power supply and demand plan optimization method capable of reliably and stably calculating a supply and demand plan even when the microgrid includes a device having non-linearity.

  The present invention is an energy management system that optimizes an energy supply and demand plan in a microgrid that includes a generator that generates power using renewable energy, a power storage device, and a load, and that is connected to an external power system. The supply and demand plan calculation unit calculates the supply and demand plan by solving the optimization problem of the objective function that is a narrowly convex function, and the supply and demand plan calculation unit is a constraint including convex constraint conditions and non-convex constraint conditions. The supply and demand plan is calculated by solving the relaxation problem considering only the convex constraints among the conditions.

  According to this energy management system, the objective function is a narrowly convex function, and the constraint condition includes both a convex constraint condition and a non-convex constraint condition. The objective function and the constraint condition can be defined by a nonlinear function. Therefore, the linearity of the objective function and the constraint condition, which is necessary when solving the mixed integer programming problem, is unnecessary. Thereby, even when the microgrid includes a device having non-linearity, the supply and demand plan can be reliably calculated.

  In this energy management system, first, the supply and demand plan calculation unit solves the relaxation problem considering only the convex constraint condition for the objective function which is a narrowly convex function. Since the relaxation problem becomes a narrow convex optimization problem, the solution obtained here is a global optimal solution of the relaxation problem, and exists only.

  In some aspects, the energy management system further includes a constraint condition determination unit that determines whether the solution of the relaxation problem obtained by the supply and demand plan calculation unit satisfies the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition. In this case, the constraint condition determination unit determines whether the solution of the relaxation problem satisfies the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition, and can determine the validity of making the solution an optimal solution.

  In some embodiments, when the solution of the relaxation problem obtained by the supply and demand plan calculation unit satisfies all the convex constraint conditions and all the non-convex constraint conditions, the supply and demand plan calculation unit determines that the solution of the relaxation problem is an optimization problem. Is output as the global optimal solution.

  In some aspects, if the solution of the relaxation problem obtained by the supply and demand plan calculation unit satisfies all convex constraints and does not satisfy some or all non-convex constraints, the supply and demand plan calculation unit Using the solution as the initial solution, the original problem of the objective function considering the convex and non-convex constraints is solved using the deterministic local search method. As described above, in the relaxation problem, the only solution can be obtained without depending on the initial value. Since this only solution is the initial value for the optimization of the original problem, the local optimal solution obtained as a result of solving the original problem using the deterministic local search method is uniquely determined.

  In some aspects, the supply and demand plan calculation unit optimizes the original problem solution when the solution of the original problem determined by the supply and demand plan calculation unit satisfies both all convex constraints and all non-convex constraints. Output as a local optimal solution of the optimization problem. In this case, the constraint condition determination unit determines whether or not the solution of the original problem satisfies the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition, and can determine the validity of making the solution an optimal solution. As described above, the local optimal solution obtained by solving the original problem is unique. Therefore, even in the supply and demand plan optimization problem including non-convex constraints and having multiple local optimal solutions, the supply and demand plan is calculated each time. Therefore, it is easy to reflect the obtained supply and demand plan on actual equipment operation.

  In some embodiments, the energy management system further includes a supply / demand plan adoption determination unit that determines whether to save or reject the solution calculated by the supply / demand plan calculation unit as a supply / demand plan. Even if the supply and demand plan calculated by the supply and demand plan calculation unit is not feasible, the supply and demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit satisfies all the constraints on the current time if the cause is that the future constraints cannot be satisfied. As a condition, the solution is provisionally adopted as a supply and demand plan and stored in the storage area. By doing so, it is possible to continue the supply and demand plan calculation in preparation for a case where a supply and demand plan that can be executed again due to weather fluctuations and the like is obtained in the future.

  In some embodiments, the objective function is a function related to received power cost, and when the power is surplus in the microgrid, the surplus power is supplied to the external power system for sale or supplied to the power storage device. This can be predetermined by the user as a policy. If the objective function is a function related to the received power cost and the unit price of the electricity charge at the time of power sale is set higher than the unit price of the electricity charge at the time of power purchase, the electricity charge function is a non-convex function. The supply and demand plan optimization problem is not the narrow-convex convex optimization problem described above, and may have a plurality of local optimal solutions in the optimization of the relaxation problem considering only the convex constraint conditions. Therefore, as a policy for surplus power, by setting whether to sell surplus power or whether to purchase surplus power and purchase more power to charge the storage battery device, the electricity rate function is made a convex function. It is possible to define a unique solution in the optimization of the relaxation problem.

  The present invention is a power supply and demand plan optimization method for optimizing an energy supply and demand plan in a microgrid that includes a generator that generates power using renewable energy, a power storage device, and a load, and that is connected to an external power system. When the energy management system calculates the supply and demand plan by solving the optimization problem of the objective function, which is an index of optimization and a narrowly convex function, the constraint conditions including convex and non-convex constraints Among them, it includes a step of calculating a supply and demand plan by solving a relaxation problem considering only convex constraints. If this power supply and demand plan optimization method is used, a supply and demand plan in which an index defined as a narrowly convex function is minimized is calculated. Therefore, the same operation effect as the above-mentioned energy management system is produced.

  According to the present invention, even when the microgrid includes a device having non-linearity, the supply and demand plan can be calculated reliably and stably.

It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the electric power supply system to which the energy management system of one Embodiment of this invention was applied. It is a functional block diagram of the energy management system in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the process performed in the energy management system of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the supply-and-demand plan optimization process in FIG. (A) is a figure which shows an electricity bill function, (b) is a flowchart along the policy at the time of a power surplus. (A) is a conceptual diagram of optimization of a relaxation problem, (b) is a conceptual diagram of optimization of an original problem. It is a figure which shows an example of the charging / discharging amount of a storage battery in the supply-and-demand plan calculated by the energy management system of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the disconnected state of the electric vehicle at the time of the power sale in a microgrid, a storage battery, and a motor | power_engine. It is a figure which shows the other example of the charging / discharging amount of a storage battery in the supply-and-demand plan calculated by the energy management system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the storage medium in which the electric power supply-and-demand plan optimization program of one Embodiment of this invention was stored.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted.

(Power supply system and energy management system)
With reference to FIG. 1, the power supply system 1 to which the energy management system according to the present embodiment is applied will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply system 1 includes a microgrid G including a plurality of types of generators and power consuming devices, and an energy management system 20 that calculates control values of the devices in the microgrid G. Prepare. In the following description, “energy management system” is abbreviated as “EMS”. In FIG. 1, a solid line arrow indicates the flow of electricity, and a broken line arrow indicates the flow of information.

  The power supply system 1 can be used by a consumer who owns a building or a factory, for example. The power supply system 1 can be used by, for example, a power sales company that owns a renewable energy generator. The EMS 20 provides an optimized energy supply and demand plan to such a consumer or a power sales company.

  The microgrid G includes a renewable energy generator 5 including a solar power generator 3 and a wind power generator 4, and a prime mover 7 that generates power using fossil fuel. For example, a gas turbine can be used as the prime mover 7. Further, a gas turbine for cogeneration can be used as the prime mover 7. The microgrid G further includes a load 6 that consumes power in the microgrid G, and an electric vehicle (power storage device) 8 that travels using the power in the microgrid G. The load 6 may include a plurality of devices that consume power. The electric vehicle 8 includes a storage battery (not shown) and can store and discharge electric power. The electric vehicle 8 may include a charging station, for example. The microgrid G further includes a storage battery (power storage device) 9 capable of storing and discharging electric power. As the storage battery 9, a lithium ion battery can be used, for example. The microgrid G includes a grid control device 10 to which the plurality of power devices described above are electrically connected. The grid control device 10 is connected to the external power system 2. In other words, each of the plurality of power devices described above is connected to the external power system 2 via the grid control device 10.

  The electric power used in the microgrid G is covered by the renewable energy generator 5 or the prime mover 7, the electric vehicle 8 or the storage battery 9. In addition, in the microgrid G, it is possible to purchase power (that is, purchase power) from the external power system 2 or sell power (that is, sell power) by a reverse flow to the external power system 2. In general, the power purchase price depends on the contract with the power company, but in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the power purchase price changes depending on the time zone. The power selling price is defined by, for example, the “Special Measures Law concerning Renewable Energy Electricity Procurement by Electric Power Companies”. The power purchase price or the power sale price may be determined separately from the above system.

  The grid control device 10 includes hardware such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), and RAM (Random Access Memory), and software such as a program stored in the ROM. The grid control device 10 comprehensively controls power devices connected to the grid control device 10. The grid control device 10 includes a control circuit and a storage battery for controlling the flow of electricity. The grid control device 10 controls received power from the external power grid 2 and reverse power flow to the external power grid 2. The grid control device 10 and each power device can perform information communication with each other. The grid control device 10 acquires information on the current state of each power device. The grid control device 10 outputs a control value to each power device. The grid control device 10 stores information about each acquired power device. The grid control device 10 transmits information regarding each power device to the EMS 20.

  Among the power devices of the grid control device 10 described above, the prime mover 7, the electric vehicle 8, and the storage battery 9 correspond to devices whose output can be controlled by the grid control device 10.

  The EMS 20 is a computer configured by hardware such as a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM, and software such as a program stored in the ROM. The EMS 20 includes a power supply and demand plan optimization program 120 described later. The EMS 20 and the grid control device 10 can perform information communication with each other. The EMS 20 and the grid control device 10 may be communicable via the Internet, or may be communicable via a wired or wireless LAN. The EMS 20 has a function of calculating a control value for each power device in the microgrid G. In other words, the EMS 20 controls each power device in the microgrid G through the grid control device 10 by transmitting a control value to the grid control device 10.

More specifically, the EMS 20 optimizes an energy supply and demand plan for a certain period in the future in the microgrid G using a certain index as an objective function. As an optimization index, that is, an objective function, for example, grid operation costs, that is, electricity charges are minimized during a planning period (for example, one day), received power fluctuation amount is minimized during a planning period, and emission CO ₂ is minimized. Is mentioned. The EMS 20 calculates the supply and demand plan by solving the optimization problem of the objective function. The objective function may be an index other than the above three indices. The index used as the objective function is not particularly limited. The objective function may be defined by a weighted sum of a plurality of objective functions. Details of the formulation of the optimization problem will be described later.

  The independent variable of the objective function may be anything as long as it can be controlled in the microgrid G. For example, the independent variable may be charge / discharge power at each time in the storage battery 9. The independent variable may be charge / discharge power at each time in the electric vehicle 8. The independent variable may be generated power at each time in the prime mover 7. Moreover, the number of the motor | power_engine 7, the electric vehicle 8, and the storage battery 9 which are the controllable apparatus in the microgrid G should just be 1 or more in total, and may be arbitrary pieces. The prime mover 7, the electric vehicle 8, and the storage battery 9 may have different performances for each device.

  On the other hand, the power supply system 1 includes a demand / power generation amount prediction database 12 that stores a predicted amount of power demand and power generation amount in the microgrid G. The EMS 20 and the demand / power generation amount prediction database 12 can perform information communication with each other. The EMS 20 acquires the demand power generation amount and the power generation amount prediction value at a specific date and time from the demand / power generation amount prediction database 12. The demand power amount and the predicted value of the power generation amount stored in the demand / power generation amount prediction database 12 are periodically updated.

  The EMS 20 includes the latest information (for example, device status) regarding each power device of the microgrid G acquired from the grid control device 10 and the latest information regarding the power generation amount and the power demand amount acquired from the demand / power generation amount prediction database 12 ( For example, the supply and demand plan is corrected (that is, the supply and demand plan is updated) based on the predicted value and the like. Information (for example, device status) regarding each electric power device of the microgrid G and / or information (for example, predicted value) regarding the power generation amount and the power demand amount are used as parameters in the calculation of the supply and demand plan. That is, the parameter includes a current value or a predicted value related to at least one of the renewable energy generator 5, the prime mover 7, the storage battery 9, and the load 6.

  The EMS 20 calculates the value of an independent variable that minimizes the objective function under given constraints in the calculation of the supply and demand plan. For example, the EMS 20 calculates the generated power at each time in the prime mover 7 by solving the optimization problem of the objective function. The EMS 20 calculates charge / discharge power at each time in the electric vehicle 8. The EMS 20 calculates the charge / discharge power at each time in the storage battery 9. The EMS 20 calculates the received power at each time of purchase from the external power system 2 depending on the generated power of the prime mover 7, the charge / discharge power of the electric vehicle 8, and the charge / discharge power of the storage battery 9.

(Functional configuration of energy management system 20)
A functional configuration of the EMS 20 will be described with reference to FIG. The EMS 20 includes an overall control unit 20a, a communication unit 21, a calculation unit 22, a storage unit 23, and a display unit 24. The overall control unit 20a performs overall control of processing in the EMS 20. For example, the overall control unit 20a sequentially determines whether or not it is a supply and demand plan calculation time. The communication unit 21 is an input / output unit that performs information communication with the grid control device 10 and the demand / power generation amount prediction database 12. The calculation unit 22 calculates a supply and demand plan. The calculation unit 22 includes a supply / demand plan calculation unit 22a, a constraint condition determination unit 22b, a supply / demand plan adoption determination unit 22c, and a display control unit 22d. The supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a calculates a supply and demand plan by solving an optimization problem (a relaxation problem or an original problem described later). In addition, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22 a acquires parameters from the grid control device 10 and the demand / power generation amount prediction database 12. The constraint condition determination unit 22b determines whether the supply and demand plan (the obtained solution) calculated by the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a satisfies the constraint condition. The supply / demand plan adoption determination unit 22c determines whether the supply / demand plan calculated by the supply / demand plan calculation unit 22a is adopted. The supply / demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 22c stores the supply / demand plan in the supply / demand plan storage unit 23c when the supply / demand plan is adopted. The display control unit 22d controls the display unit 24 according to the calculation result of the supply and demand plan.

  The storage unit 23 includes a hard disk device or a flash memory. The storage unit 23 includes a problem storage unit 23a, a parameter storage unit 23b, a supply and demand plan storage unit 23c, and a policy storage unit 23d. The problem storage unit 23a stores an optimization problem (relaxation problem or original problem) solved by the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a. The parameter storage unit 23b stores parameters acquired by the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a. The supply and demand plan storage unit 23c stores the supply and demand plan calculated by the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a. The policy storage unit 23d stores a predetermined policy.

  The display unit 24 is a display, for example, and displays parameters, supply and demand plans, and the like. The display unit 24 may display detailed information included in parameters, supply and demand plans, and the like. For example, the display unit 24 includes a touch panel or the like, and may display an operation schedule (such as a charge / discharge schedule or a power generation schedule) of the power device when the power device in the microgrid G is selected. The display unit 24 may be controlled by the calculation unit 22 to display a predetermined message (for example, a guidance message or a warning message) to the user of the EMS 20.

(Optimization problem)
Next, the optimization problem (relaxation problem or original problem) stored in the problem storage unit 23a will be described. In the following description, the following formulas (1) to (7) show examples of formulation of the supply and demand plan optimization problem in the microgrid G including the storage battery 9, the solar power generator 3, the wind power generator 4, and the load 6.

Each function satisfies the following formulas (1) to (5).

Here, the following formulas (6) and (7) are established.

The independent variables in the above equations are shown in Table 1 below. The dependent variables are shown in Table 2 below, and the meanings of constants and predefined functions are shown in Table 3 below. In the following, k = 1... K means time, and a symbol with (k) added indicates a time-dependent amount. G (E _BT ) in the above formula (1) is an appropriate function given to guarantee the narrowness convexity of the objective function, and if the narrowness convexity of the objective function to be originally minimized is guaranteed. It is unnecessary. This function takes a small value that does not affect the evaluation of the original objective function. For example, a function obtained by multiplying the sum of squares of all independent variables by a small coefficient can be employed. The above equation (7) is a function for taking into account the nonlinearity that energy loss occurs when the storage battery 9 is charged and discharged.

  In the EMS 20, given constraint conditions are classified into two types, convex constraint conditions and non-convex constraint conditions. The convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition are classified, for example, when the algorithm is created by the designer. For example, examples of the convex constraint conditions include upper and lower limit values of SOC (charge / discharge state; State of Charge), upper and lower limit values of the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 9, and the like. As an example of the non-convex constraint condition, the operating condition of the prime mover 7 (from the viewpoint of economy and stability, either the output is 0% (stopped) or the engine is operated with a certain output or more, and is extremely low. No operation at output). Discrimination of convex constraints or non-convex constraints can be determined by using the properties of mathematical expressions that describe the constraints, but non-convex constraints other than those that are clearly convex constraints such as upper and lower limits Can be classified as conditions.

  In EMS 20, the optimization problem is classified into two types, an original problem and a relaxation problem. Of the optimization problems stored in the problem storage unit 23a, the original problem is an optimization problem that considers both convex constraint conditions and non-convex constraint conditions. On the other hand, the relaxation problem is an optimization problem that considers only convex constraints.

(Policy setting)
Next, the policy stored in the policy storage unit 23d will be described with reference to FIG. Consider the case where the objective function is a function related to the received power cost. As shown in FIG. 5A, in the current legal system (for example, “fixed price purchase system for renewable energy”), the unit price of electricity charges at the time of power sale is higher than the price of electricity charges at the time of power purchase. Is set high. That is, the slope of the power sale fee Pb is larger than the slope of the power purchase fee Pa. In this case, the function of the electricity rate composed of the power purchase fee Pa and the power sale fee Pb is a non-convex function. If it is changed to a power sale fee Pc whose unit price is lower than the power purchase fee Pa, the function of the electricity fee consisting of the power purchase fee Pa and the power sale fee Pc becomes a convex function.

  Therefore, whether to supply surplus power to the external power system 2 for sale or to supply to the power storage device can be determined in advance as a policy. By setting the policy in this way, the electricity rate function can be a convex function. First, when it is determined that power is sold when surplus power is present, it is necessary to disconnect (disconnect) “controllable devices” such as the storage battery 9 and the prime mover 7 from the microgrid G (see FIG. 8). Therefore, since there is no controllable device from within the microgrid G for the time, there is no optimization element, that is, an independent variable. On the other hand, when it is stipulated that power is not sold at the time of surplus power, and that the surplus and additional power is purchased to charge the storage battery device, the search range of charge / discharge power of the storage battery 9 is set to the positive side (the power purchase side). ) And the inclination on the negative side (power selling side) in FIG. 5A can be ignored. Therefore, for example, if the negative slope is zero, the electricity rate function can be a convex function (not strictly defined). To summarize the above, if the policy for surplus electricity is determined in advance, in the optimization of the supply and demand plan for the surplus electricity time, "exclude the supply and demand at the time from optimization" or "define the electricity rate function with a convex function" Either of these can be realized.

  As an example in which the objective function can be changed to a convex function by setting a policy in advance, the cost of starting and stopping the motor 7 can be considered in addition to the electricity charge. When the start / stop cost of the prime mover 7 is counted, the objective function is generally a non-convex function. Therefore, by defining a policy of “starting the prime mover 7 when there is a certain amount of power demand in the microgrid G”, it is possible to exclude a part related to the start / stop cost of the prime mover 7 from the objective function.

(Power supply / demand plan optimization method)
With reference to FIG. 3, the process performed in EMS20, ie, the power supply and demand plan optimization method of this embodiment, is demonstrated. The following processing is periodically executed while the EMS 20 is activated. As shown in FIG. 3, the overall control unit 20a sequentially determines whether or not it is a supply and demand plan calculation time (step S01). The frequency with which the supply and demand plan is calculated by the overall control unit 20a can be set at intervals of 30 minutes, for example. If it is determined in step S01 that it is the supply and demand planning time, the overall control unit 20a gives a supply and demand plan optimization calculation command to the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a. In response to the command, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a calculates a supply and demand plan by solving the optimization problem (step S02). On the other hand, if it is determined in step S01 that it is not the planned supply and demand time, the overall control unit 20a repeats the determination in step S01.

  In the supply and demand plan optimization in step S02, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a specifically solves the supply and demand plan optimization problem and obtains some solution. Details of step S02 will be described later.

  When calculating the supply and demand plan, the supply and demand plan may be calculated considering only the supply and demand plan on a specific day. For example, a plan of 0:00 to 24:00 may be calculated at the time of the first supply and demand plan calculation, and a plan of 0:30 minutes to 24:00 may be calculated the next time. Further, a supply and demand plan for 24 hours ahead may be calculated without considering the date. For example, a plan of 0:00 to 24:00 may be calculated at the time of the first supply and demand plan calculation, and a plan of 0:30 minutes to the next 0:30 may be calculated next time.

  The supply / demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 22c determines whether to adopt the optimum solution obtained by the supply / demand plan calculation unit 22a, that is, the supply / demand plan (step S03). In step S03, the supply and demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 22c examines the supply and demand plan calculated in step S02, and stores it in the supply and demand plan storage unit 23c when adopting it as a supply and demand plan. If an executable solution is obtained in step S02, the supply / demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 22c unconditionally saves the solution in the supply / demand plan storage unit 23c and updates the supply / demand plan (step S04).

  Even if an infeasible solution is obtained in step S02, if the cause is that the future constraint cannot be satisfied, the supply / demand plan adoption determination unit 22c is provided on the condition that all the constraints on the current time are satisfied. The solution is provisionally adopted as a supply and demand plan (step S05). The display control unit 22d displays a warning message on the display unit 24 (step S06). The supply / demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 22c stores the solution in the supply / demand plan storage unit 23c, and updates the supply / demand plan (step S04).

  Examples of such a case include a shortage of storage battery SOC (state of charge) at peak demand. Even in such a case, the feasible solution may be obtained in the future due to an increase in the amount of power generated by the renewable energy generator 5 due to changes in the weather. It is not necessary to end the processing of FIG. 3 at a stage. In step S06, the warning message displayed on the display unit 24 includes, for example, “There is a possibility that SOC will be insufficient in the future in the current prediction” according to the content of the constraint violation. If the supply and demand plan calculated in step S02 cannot be executed at the current time (step S05; NO), the supply and demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 22c rejects the solution and ends the process shown in FIG. To do.

  The EMS 20 is characterized by the supply and demand plan optimization process in step S02. With reference to FIG. 4, the supply-and-demand plan optimization process of step S02 is demonstrated. First, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a reads an optimization problem stored in the problem storage unit 23a (step S11), and then reads a parameter to create a problem (step S12). The parameters referred to here include, for example, the device configuration in the microgrid G, the SOC of the electric vehicle 8 and the storage battery 9 acquired from the grid control device 10, the remaining fuel of the prime mover 7, the amount of power generated by the renewable energy generator 5, and the load 6, the demand / power generation prediction value obtained from the demand / power generation prediction database 12.

  Next, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a acquires a policy from the policy storage unit 23d (step S13). This policy is, for example, the above power surplus policy.

  Next, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a determines the reverse power flow time (step S14). Steps S13 and S14 are necessary only when the electricity charge at the time of power sale is higher than the electricity charge at the time of power purchase, and the electricity charge at the time of power purchase is more than the electricity charge at the time of power sale. When the power is high, the electricity rate function becomes convex, so that it is possible to optimize including the judgment of power selling / buying. The supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a determines the reverse power flow time during the planning period based on the power generation / demand prediction and the power surplus policy (whether surplus power is used for selling or charging the storage battery) determined in advance by the user. To decide. The control at the time determined to perform the reverse power flow can be excluded from the optimization target, and the power generation amount of the motor 7 and the charge / discharge power of the electric vehicle 8 and the storage battery 9 at that time are automatically determined to be zero. This is because it is necessary to disconnect the prime mover 7, the electric vehicle 8, and the storage battery 9 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, with regard to the time when surplus power is allocated to storage battery charging without reverse tide, the electricity charge on the power selling side is set to zero, and the constraint on the amount of power received from the external power system 2 is limited to positive (power purchase) To convert the problem to

  Next, in step S15, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a solves the convex optimization problem (relaxation problem) considering only the objective function and the convex constraint condition. The solution obtained here is a global optimum solution of the relaxation problem. As shown in FIG. 6A, if the objective function satisfies the narrow convexity, the global optimum solution Sa exists only.

  Next, the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines whether or not the solution of the relaxation problem obtained by the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a in step S15 satisfies the convex constraint condition (step S16). As a determination criterion in the constraint condition determination unit 22b, for example, a sum of squares of constraint deviation amounts of independent variables can be considered. When it is determined in step S16 that the solution of the relaxation problem satisfies the convex constraint condition, the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines whether the solution satisfies all the non-convex constraint conditions (step S17). If it is determined in step S16 that the solution of the relaxation problem satisfies all the convex constraint conditions, the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines whether the solution satisfies all the non-convex constraint conditions (step S17). On the other hand, when the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines in step S16 that the solution of the relaxation problem does not satisfy some or all of the convex constraint conditions, the display control unit 22d displays a warning message on the display unit 24 ( Step S18). In this case, the warning message displayed on the display unit 24 may include “Could not find an executable solution”. And the demand-and-supply plan calculation part 22a outputs the obtained solution as an unexecutable solution (step S22), and the process of FIG. 4 is complete | finished.

  In step S17, when the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines that the solution of the relaxation problem satisfies all the non-convex constraint conditions at the same time, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a uses the obtained solution for the supply and demand plan optimization problem. 4 is regarded as a global optimum solution and output, and the process of FIG. 4 is terminated (step S19). The global optimal solution is a solution that gives the smallest objective function value among all the local optimal solutions. On the other hand, when the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines in step S17 that the solution of the relaxation problem does not satisfy some or all of the non-convex constraint conditions, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a sets the solution of the relaxation problem to the initial solution ( As an initial value), a deterministic local search method is used to solve the original problem considering the non-convex constraint (step S20). Even when the objective function is defined as a (narrowly) convex function, there are generally a plurality of local optimal solutions when the constraint is non-convex. For example, as shown in FIG. 6B, when there are two executable solution sets (sets satisfying the constraint conditions) S1 and S2 separated by the non-convex constraint condition, the solutions in the executable solution set S1 are Whether it is obtained or whether the solution in the executable solution set S2 is obtained depends on how to obtain the initial search solution. However, in this step S20, since the global optimum solution of the relaxation problem that is uniquely obtained is set as the initial solution, if the deterministic local search method is used, the solution of the original problem solved here is also unique (FIG. 6 ( In the case of b), the local optimum solution Sb) is obtained. The initial solution set here is the most promising solution except for non-convex constraint violations. If a solution is found that eliminates the violation by the local search method, the solution is the global optimal solution or its neighborhood. The solution is expected to be excellent in economic efficiency.

  Next, the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines whether or not the solution of the original problem obtained by the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a in step S20 satisfies the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition (step S21). In step S21, when the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines that the solution of the original problem satisfies all the convex constraint conditions and the non-convex constraint conditions, the demand-and-supply plan calculation unit 22a outputs the obtained solution to generate the FIG. This process is terminated (step S19). On the other hand, in step S21, when the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines that the solution of the original problem does not satisfy at least one of the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition, the display control unit 22d displays a warning message on the display unit 24. Displayed (step S18), the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a outputs the obtained solution as an infeasible solution (step S22), and the process of FIG. 4 ends.

  FIG. 7 and FIG. 9 show an example of a supply and demand plan optimization simulation result (minimizing the electric charge from 0:00 to 24:00) to which the above processing method is applied. In this simulation, the electricity charge in the afternoon during the day when power demand becomes severe is set high, and the electricity charge in the morning and night when the power demand is small is set low. As a result of optimization, in common with FIG. 7 and FIG. 9, the amount of power received in the afternoon, which is a time zone when electricity charges are high, is minimized by charging the storage battery from early morning to morning with low electricity charges and discharging in the afternoon I got a plan to stay on. Further, in this simulation, a case setting was made such that the total amount of power generated by the renewable energy generator 5 exceeded the total amount of demand of the load 6 during a part of the morning, and surplus power was generated. Fig. 7 shows the optimal supply and demand plan obtained under the policy of selling all surplus power. Fig. 9 does not sell power, but all surplus power is used for charging (or if necessary, purchase more power). This is an optimal supply and demand plan under the policy.

  As shown in FIGS. 5B and 7, if the policy is to sell all surplus power when surplus power is generated, the storage battery 9, the prime mover 7, etc. are disconnected (see FIG. 8). Since there are no devices that can be controlled in the device, the surplus power is sold as it is after the output of these devices is zero. In this case, since there is no energy loss due to the storage of electricity generated from the renewable energy generator 5, the supply and demand plan is generally economically advantageous.

  As shown in FIG. 5B and FIG. 9, when there is a policy of proceeding with charging of the storage battery device by purchasing additional power in addition to the surplus when the power surplus, the electric power counted as an objective function at that time Charges can be transformed into convex functions.

  According to the EMS 20, the supply and demand plan calculation process is periodically executed, and the supply and demand plan is sequentially updated based on the latest demand / power generation amount prediction and the current value information of each device. Thereby, it is possible to always provide an optimal supply and demand plan based on the latest information.

  According to the EMS 20, the objective function is a narrowly convex function, and the constraint condition includes both a convex constraint condition and a non-convex constraint condition. The objective function and the constraint condition can be defined by a nonlinear function. Therefore, the linearity of the objective function and the constraint condition, which was necessary when solving the mixed integer programming problem, is no longer necessary. Thereby, even when the microgrid G includes a device having non-linearity, the supply and demand plan can be reliably calculated.

  In this energy management system, first, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a solves the relaxation problem considering only the convex constraint condition for the objective function which is a narrowly convex function (step S15 in FIG. 4). Since the relaxation problem is a narrowly convex optimization problem, the solution obtained here is a global optimal solution of the relaxation problem and exists only.

  The constraint condition determination unit 22b determines whether the solution of the relaxation problem satisfies the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition (steps S16 and S17 in FIG. 4), and the validity of setting the solution as the optimal solution Can be judged.

  When the solution of the relaxation problem satisfies all the convex constraint conditions and all the non-convex constraint conditions, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a outputs the solution of the relaxation problem as a global optimal solution of the supply and demand plan optimization problem (FIG. 4). Step S19).

  When the solution of the relaxation problem satisfies all the convex constraints and does not satisfy some or all of the non-convex constraints, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a sets the solution of the relaxation problem as an initial solution and the convex constraints and the non-convex constraints. The original problem of the objective function considering the conditions is solved using a deterministic local search method (step S20 in FIG. 4). As described above, in the relaxation problem, the only solution can be obtained without depending on the initial value. Since this only solution is an initial value (that is, initial solution) of the optimization of the original problem, the local optimal solution is uniquely obtained as a result of solving the original problem using the deterministic local search method.

  When the original problem solution satisfies all the convex constraint conditions and all the non-convex constraint conditions, the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a outputs the original problem solution as the local optimal solution of the supply and demand plan optimization problem (FIG. 4). Step S19). In this case, the constraint condition determination unit 22b determines whether the solution of the original problem satisfies the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition (step S21 in FIG. 4), and the original problem solution deviates from the constraint condition. By determining whether or not there is, it is possible to determine the validity of setting the solution as the optimum solution. As described above, the local optimal solution obtained by solving the original problem is unique. Therefore, even in the supply and demand plan optimization problem including non-convex constraints and having multiple local optimal solutions, the supply and demand plan is calculated each time. Therefore, it is easy to reflect the obtained supply and demand plan on actual equipment operation.

  In the supply / demand plan adoption determination unit 22c, in addition to the solution calculated by the supply / demand plan calculation unit 22a and determined to be executable by the constraint condition determination unit 22b, the supply / demand plan calculated by the supply / demand plan calculation unit 22a is not executable. If the cause is due to failure to meet future constraints, the solution is provisionally adopted as a supply-demand plan on the condition that all the constraints on the current time are satisfied, and is stored in the supply-demand plan storage unit 23c. save. By doing so, it is possible to continue the supply and demand plan calculation in preparation for a case where a supply and demand plan that can be executed again due to weather fluctuations and the like is obtained in the future.

  When the objective function is a function related to the received power cost and the unit price of the electricity charge at the time of power sale is set higher than the unit price of the electricity charge at the time of power purchase, the electricity charge function is a non-convex function. Therefore, the supply and demand plan optimization problem is not the narrow-convex convex optimization problem described above, and may have a plurality of local optimal solutions in the optimization of the relaxation problem considering only the convex constraint conditions. Therefore, as a policy for surplus power, by setting whether to sell surplus power or whether to purchase surplus power and purchase more power to charge the storage battery device, the electricity rate function is made a convex function. It is possible to define a unique solution in the optimization of the relaxation problem.

  Furthermore, according to EMS20, for an optimization problem having a large number of local optimal solutions, only a high-speed local search method such as a quasi-Newton method is used without using a high-cost method such as so-called metaheuristics. You can obtain a supply and demand plan with excellent economic efficiency. It was confirmed that a solution can be obtained at a practically sufficient speed even with a computing ability comparable to that of a commercially available PC. Metaheuristics is a “group of techniques for obtaining a good solution to a certain degree in a short time without using prior knowledge of a problem”, and includes, for example, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, and the like. This is effective for problems that have a large number of local optimal solutions and problems that cannot use analytical information (such as differentiation) of the objective function.

  Subsequently, a power supply and demand plan optimization program for causing the EMS 20 to execute the series of processes described above will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the power supply and demand plan optimization program 120 is inserted into a computer and accessed. Alternatively, the power supply and demand plan optimization program 120 is stored in the program storage area 110 formed in the storage medium 100 provided in the computer.

The power supply / demand plan optimization program 120 includes a supply / demand plan calculation module 121, a constraint condition determination module 122, a supply / demand plan adoption determination module 123, and a display control module 124. The functions realized by executing the supply and demand plan calculation module 121, the constraint condition determination module 122, the supply and demand plan acceptance / rejection determination module 123, and the display control module 124 are the same as the supply and demand plan calculation unit 22a of the EMS 20 described above, Functions of the condition determination unit 22b, the supply and demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 22c, and the display control unit 22d are the same.
Specifies a point to be output as a solution when both convex and non-convex constraints are satisfied. (Corresponding to step S19 in FIG. 4)

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. For example, the objective function is not limited to the grid operation cost, and may be smoothness of received power. Alternatively, a weighted sum of a plurality of objective functions may be used.

  The algorithm used for the optimization is not limited as long as it is a deterministic algorithm with a guarantee of global convergence. In addition to the quasi-Newton method, a steepest descent method, a conjugate gradient method, a sequential quadratic programming method, a main dual interior point method, or the like can be used as appropriate. The global convergence herein refers to a property that is guaranteed to converge from any initial value to any local optimal solution.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the EMS 20 is provided separately from the microgrid G has been described, but the grid control device 10 of the microgrid G may have the same function as the EMS20. The microgrid G may include a fuel cell system, for example.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply system 2 External power system 3 Solar power generator 4 Wind power generator 5 Renewable energy generator 6 Load 7 Engine 8 Electric vehicle 9 Storage battery 20 Energy management system 20a General control part 22 Calculation part 22a Supply-demand plan calculation part 22b Restriction Condition determination unit 22c Supply / demand plan acceptance / rejection determination unit 23a Problem storage unit 23d Policy storage unit G Microgrid

Claims (8)

An energy management system that optimizes an energy supply and demand plan in a microgrid that includes a generator that generates power using renewable energy, a power storage device, and a load, and that is connected to an external power system,
A supply and demand plan calculation unit that calculates the supply and demand plan by solving an optimization problem of an objective function that is an index of optimization and a narrowly convex function;
The energy supply and demand plan calculation unit calculates the demand and supply plan by solving a relaxation problem considering only the convex constraint condition among the constraint conditions including a convex constraint condition and a non-convex constraint condition.   The energy management system according to claim 1, further comprising a constraint condition determination unit that determines whether a solution of the relaxation problem obtained by the supply and demand plan calculation unit satisfies the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition. .   When the solution of the relaxation problem obtained by the supply-demand plan calculation unit satisfies all the convex constraint conditions and all the non-convex constraint conditions, the supply-demand plan calculation unit determines that the solution of the relaxation problem is the optimization problem. The energy management system according to claim 2, which is output as a global optimal solution.   When the solution of the relaxation problem obtained by the supply-demand plan calculation unit satisfies all the convex constraint conditions and does not satisfy some or all of the non-convex constraint conditions, the supply-demand plan calculation unit determines that the solution of the relaxation problem The energy management system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the original problem of the objective function considering the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition is solved by using a deterministic local search method.   When the solution of the original problem obtained by the supply and demand plan calculation unit satisfies both all the convex constraint conditions and all the non-convex constraint conditions, the supply and demand plan calculation unit determines that the solution of the original problem is the optimal The energy management system according to claim 4, wherein the energy management system outputs a local optimal solution of the optimization problem.   The energy management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a supply / demand plan adoption determination unit that determines whether to save or reject the solution calculated by the supply / demand plan calculation unit as a supply / demand plan. The objective function is a function related to received power cost,
When power is surplus in the microgrid, the user can predetermine as a policy whether to supply surplus power to the external power system for sale or to supply to the power storage device. Item 7. The energy management system according to any one of Items 1 to 6. A power supply and demand plan optimization method for optimizing an energy supply and demand plan in a microgrid that includes a generator that generates power using renewable energy, a power storage device, and a load, and that is connected to an external power system,
When the energy management system calculates the supply and demand plan by solving the optimization problem of the objective function that is an optimization index and a narrowly convex function, the constraint condition including the convex constraint condition and the non-convex constraint condition A power supply and demand plan optimization method including a step of calculating the supply and demand plan by solving a relaxation problem considering only the convex constraint condition.