JP6360860B2 - Window assembly comprising a transparent layer and an antenna element - Google Patents

Description

  The subject invention relates generally to window assemblies. More specifically, the subject invention relates to a window assembly having a transparent layer and an antenna element.

  In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for vehicle windshields having a transparent film or coating embedded within the vehicle windshield (front glass) for various purposes. Such transparent films or coatings often have a metal compound, such as a metal oxide, in order to make the transparent film or coating conductive. A transparent film or coating is applied (applied) to the windshield to reflect heat from sunlight penetrating the windshield. Specifically, the transparent film or coating reflects infrared rays from sunlight. In doing so, the transparent film or coating reduces the amount of infrared radiation that enters the interior of the vehicle. As a result, less energy is required to reduce the internal temperature of the vehicle during the warm months. In order to maximize the efficiency with which the transparent film or coating reflects infrared radiation, the transparent film or coating is typically applied over a substantial portion of the windshield, often over the driver's field of view. It extends to.

  Conventional window assemblies attempt to utilize such transparent films or coatings for antenna purposes. However, conventional window assemblies that utilize transparent films or coatings lack robust and efficient antenna performance. Today's vehicles are exposed to ever increasing electromagnetic interference. Nevertheless, conventional window assemblies that utilize transparent films or coatings have poor control over antenna radiation patterns and antenna impedance characteristics to combat such electromagnetic interference. Conventional window assemblies that utilize a transparent film or coating do not sufficiently reduce the footprint of the antenna elements that are utilized with the transparent film or coating. When utilizing such a transparent film or coating for antenna purposes, many conventional window assemblies are such as deletions, voids, or slits formed in the transparent film or coating for antenna purposes. And expensive modifications to the transparent film or coating. Moreover, conventional window assemblies lack the ability to further manipulate transparent films or coatings for defogging or defrosting element purposes.

  Thus, there is still an opportunity to develop window assemblies that solve the aforementioned problems.

  A window assembly is provided. The window assembly includes a substrate. The window assembly includes a transparent layer disposed on the substrate. The transparent layer defines a region having an outer edge. The transparent layer includes a metal compound so that the transparent layer is conductive. The window assembly includes an outer region without a transparent layer. An outer region is defined adjacent to the transparent layer along the outer edge. The window assembly includes an antenna element disposed on the substrate. The antenna element includes a first antenna segment and a second antenna segment. The first antenna segment is disposed in the outer region and spaced from the outer edge. The first antenna segment is elongated and extends along the outer edge. The second antenna segment extends from the first antenna segment toward the transparent layer such that the second antenna segment traverses the outer edge of the transparent layer. The second antenna segment is in contact with the transparent layer and is in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer. The window assembly includes a feed element coupled to the antenna element. The feed element energizes the first and second antenna segments and the transparent layer such that the first and second antenna segments and the transparent layer collectively transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals.

  The window assembly provides a robust and efficient antenna performance. The area of the transparent layer provides transmission and / or reception for radio frequency signals. The first and second antenna segments play a beneficial role in the transmission and / or reception of radio signals. The first and second antenna segments change antenna radiation patterns and / or antenna impedance characteristics. Placing the first antenna segment in the outer region, spaced from the outer edge and extending along the outer edge advantageously maximizes and improves antenna impedance matching and radiation pattern modification. Moreover, by abutting the transparent layer, the second antenna segment advantageously provides a DC connection between the first antenna segment and the transparent layer. In providing a DC connection, the second antenna segment allows the antenna element footprint to be minimized. Moreover, the first and second antenna segments may be applied to the window assembly without any modification to the area of the transparent layer.

  Other advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent as the invention becomes more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Let's go.

1 is a perspective view of a vehicle having a window assembly comprising a transparent layer and an outer region adjacent to the transparent layer comprising a plurality of antenna elements according to one embodiment of the present invention, each antenna element having a first One antenna segment and a second antenna segment extending from the first antenna segment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the window assembly of FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a window assembly having a transparent layer, an antenna element, and a feed element sandwiched between the inner substrate and intermediate layer of the window assembly, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a window assembly having a transparent layer, an antenna element, and a feed element sandwiched between an outer substrate and an intermediate layer of the window assembly, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a window assembly having a transparent layer and an antenna element sandwiched between an outer substrate and an inner substrate, wherein the feed element is disposed on the outer surface of the inner substrate FIG.

1 is a plan view of a window assembly having antenna elements disposed on opposite sides of the outer edge of a transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer can be energized as a defrosting element or a defogging element, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a plan view of an antenna element having first and second antenna segments, according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of an antenna element having first and second antenna segments and a third antenna segment extending from the first antenna segment, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a plan view of an antenna element having first and second antenna segments, according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an antenna element having first and second antenna segments according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an antenna element having first, second, and third antenna segments according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an antenna element having first, second, and third antenna segments according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an antenna element having first and second antenna segments according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an antenna element having first, second, and third antenna segments according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a single feed element coupled to two antenna elements according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a single feed element coupled to two antenna elements according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of an antenna element having first and second antenna segments and a fourth antenna segment extending from the second antenna segment, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an antenna element having first, second, and fourth antenna segments according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of an antenna element having first, second, and third antenna segments, the fourth antenna segment connecting to the second and third antenna segments, according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an antenna element having first, second, third, and fourth antenna segments, the fifth antenna segment extending from the third antenna segment, according to another embodiment of the present invention. is there.

1 is a plan view of a window assembly including an antenna element and a plurality of parasitic elements according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

6 is a chart illustrating the antenna performance of a window assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a chart illustrating the antenna performance of a window assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to the drawings, like numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views, and the window assembly is indicated generally at 10 in FIG. In one embodiment, the window assembly 10 is for a vehicle 12 as shown in FIG. The window assembly 10 may be a front window (windshield) as illustrated in FIG. Alternatively, the window assembly 10 may be a rear window (backlight), a roof window (sunroof), or any other window of the vehicle 12. Typically, the vehicle 12 defines a hole and the window assembly 10 closes the hole. The hole is conventionally defined by the window frame 14 of the vehicle 12, which is typically conductive. The window assembly 10 of the present invention may be for applications other than for the vehicle 12. Specifically, the window assembly 10 may be for architectural applications such as homes, buildings, and the like.

  As shown throughout the drawings, the window assembly 10 includes an antenna element 16. In one embodiment, the window assembly 10 may include a plurality of antenna elements 16 as shown in FIGS. As described in more detail below, antenna element 16 transmits and / or receives radio frequency signals.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the window assembly 10 includes a substrate 17. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, the window assembly 10 includes an outer substrate 18 and an inner substrate 20 disposed adjacent to the outer substrate 18. The substrate 17 may be defined as a single substrate. For example, the substrate 17 may be a vibrator substrate 18 or an internal substrate 20. Moreover, the substrate 17 may include a combination of an external substrate and internal substrates 18, 20. For simplicity in description, the substrate 17 is described herein by an external substrate and internal substrates 18, 20. Nevertheless, it should be understood that the substrate 17 may have other configurations not specifically cited herein.

  3A to 3C, the external substrate 18 is spaced apart from the internal substrate 20 and arranged in parallel with the internal substrate 20 so that the substrates 18 and 20 do not contact each other. Alternatively, the outer substrate 18 may directly contact the inner substrate 20.

  Typically, the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 are electrically non-conductive. As described herein, the term “non-conductive” allows insignificant current to flow through a material when placed between conductors at different potentials. Generally refers to a material, such as an insulator or dielectric. The outer substrate and the inner substrates 18 and 20 substantially transmit light. However, it should be understood that the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 may be colored or tinted and still substantially transmit light. As used herein, the term “substantially transparent” is generally defined as having a visible light transmission greater than 60%.

  The outer and inner substrates 18 and 20 are preferably joined together to form the window assembly 10. In one embodiment, the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 are a piece of glass. The single glass is preferably automobile glass, and more preferably soda lime silica glass. However, the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 may be plastic, fiberglass, or other suitable non-conductive substantially transparent material. For automotive applications, the outer and inner substrates 18 and 20 are typically 3.2 mm thick each.

  3A to 3C, each of the external substrate and the internal substrates 18 and 20 has inner surfaces 18a and 20a and outer surfaces 18b and 20b. In one embodiment, the outer surface 18 b of the outer board 18 faces the outside of the vehicle 12, and the outer surface 20 b of the inner board 20 faces the inside of the vehicle 12. The inner surfaces 18 a, 20 a of the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 typically face each other when the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 are bonded together to form the window assembly 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 define a peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10. Traditionally, the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10 is shared by the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C. Specifically, the outer and inner substrates 18, 20 have substantially similar areas and shapes, and each substrate 18, 20 forms an edge of the peripheral edge 22 when the substrates 18, 20 are joined. Has a part. In one embodiment, as shown throughout the drawings, the perimeter 22 has a generally trapezoidal configuration. However, the peripheral edge 22 may have any suitable shape, such as a rectangular configuration and similar configurations.

  As shown throughout the drawings, a transparent layer 24 is disposed on the substrate 17. 3A-3C, the transparent layer 24 is disposed between the external substrate and the internal substrates 18 and 20. The window assembly 10 may include a transparent layer 24 sandwiched between the outer substrate and the inner substrates 18, 20 so that the transparent layer 24 contacts the outer substrate and the inner substrates 18, 20. More specifically, the transparent layer 24 may be disposed on one of the inner surfaces 18 a and 20 a of the outer substrate and the inner substrates 18 and 20. The arrangement of the transparent layer 24 between the outer substrate and the inner substrate 18, 20 can cause the transparent layer from direct contact with environmental factors, such as snow, ice, and the like, which can damage the transparent layer 24. 24 is protected. Alternatively, the transparent layer 24 may be disposed on the outer surface 18 b of the outer substrate 18 or the outer surface 20 b of the inner substrate 20.

  Typically, the transparent layer 24 is substantially transparent to light. Accordingly, the driver or occupant of the vehicle 12 may view through the window assembly 10 having the transparent layer 24. If provided with a transparent layer 24 disposed within the window assembly 10, the window assembly 10 exhibits a visible light transmission through the window assembly 10 of generally greater than 60%. The transparent layer 24 preferably reflects heat from sunlight that penetrates the window assembly 10. Specifically, the transparent layer 24 reduces infrared transmission through the window assembly 10.

  The transparent layer 24 may include one or more coatings and / or films of a selective composition and / or one or more of a selective composition. The film and / or the film may be formed. The coating and / or film forming the transparent layer 24 may be a single layer or multiple layers. Transparent layer 24 may be disposed within window assembly 10 according to any suitable method, such as chemical vapor deposition, magnetron sputter deposition, spray pyrolysis, and the like.

  The transparent layer 24 includes a metal compound so that the transparent layer 24 is conductive. As described herein, the term “electrically conductive” generally refers to a material, such as a conductor, that exhibits electrical conductivity that effectively allows current flow through the material. Conversely, the transparent layer 24 may have any suitable sheet resistance or surface resistance. In one embodiment, the transparent layer 24 is 0.5-20 Ω / sq. With a sheet resistance in the range between. In another embodiment, the transparent layer 24 is 8-12 Ω / sq. With a sheet resistance in the range between.

  In one embodiment, the metal compound includes a metal oxide. The metal oxide may include tin oxide, such as indium tin oxide or the like. The transparent layer 24 may include other metal oxides including but not limited to silver oxide. Alternatively, the metal compound may include metal nitride and the like. The metal compound may be doped with an additive such as fluorine. Specifically, additives may be included in the metal compound to optimize the light transmittance and conductivity of the transparent layer 24.

  As shown throughout the drawings, the transparent layer 24 defines a region 26 that spans the window assembly 10. Region 26 may span the majority of window assembly 10. Specifically, the majority of the window assembly 10 is generally defined as being greater than 50% of the window assembly 10. More typically, the majority is greater than 75% of the window assembly 10. The transparent layer 24 may span most of the window assembly 10 to maximize the reduction of infrared transmission through the window assembly 10. Alternatively, the region 26 of the transparent layer 24 may span a minority of the window assembly 10. For example, region 26 may span 20% of window assembly 10 along the upper portion of window assembly 10.

  As shown in the drawing, the region 26 of the transparent layer 24 defines an outer edge 28 (periphery). The outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 may define any suitable shape. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the outer edge 28 of the region 26 of the transparent layer 24 includes an upper edge 28a, an opposing lower edge 28b, and a pair of upper and lower edges 28a, 28b. Opposing side edges 28c, 28d are defined. In one example, the outer edge 28 defines a shape that is geometrically similar to the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10. However, the outer edge 28 may have any suitable shape for spanning the window assembly 10.

  The transparent layer 24 may be energizable as a defrosting element or a defogging element. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the window assembly 10 includes a first bus bar 27 and a second bus bar 29 facing the first bus bar 27. In one embodiment, the first bus bar 27 is disposed along the upper edge 28 a of the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24, and the second bus bar 29 is disposed along the lower edge 28 b of the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. Alternatively, the first bus bar 27 is disposed along the lower edge 28 b of the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24, and the second bus bar 29 is disposed along the upper edge 28 a of the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. . Alternatively, the first bus bar 27 may be disposed along the side edge 28 c of the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24, and the second bus bar 29 may be the opposite side edge 28 d of the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. Alternatively, the first bus bar 27 may be disposed along the opposite side edge 28 d of the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24, and the second bus bar 29 may be disposed along the outer edge of the transparent layer 24. 28 may be disposed along the side edges 28c. The first and second bus bars 27 and 29 are in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer 24. In one case, the first bus bar 27 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery of the vehicle 12, the second bus bar 29 is connected to the vehicle body, and finally connected to the ground terminal of the battery of the vehicle 12. . Alternatively, the first bus bar 27 may be connected to ground and the second bus bar 29 may be connected to the positive terminal of the vehicle 12 battery. The electric current passes through the transparent layer 24 between the first and second bus bars 27 and 29 and energizes the transparent layer 24. Eventually, the current passing through the transparent layer 24 heats the transparent layer 24 so that the transparent layer 24 can effectively defrost or defrost. The transparent layer 24 may be energized as a defrost or defogging element according to various other methods and configurations.

  As shown in the embodiments through the drawings, the transparent layer 24 may occupy the entire region 26, like the transparent layer 24. Thus, the region 26 of the transparent layer 24 has no deletions, slits, or voids formed in the region 26 for antenna purposes. Having deletions, slits, or voids in the region 26 of the transparent layer 24 for antenna purposes can be costly and add complexity to the manufacturing process. In some embodiments, the window assembly 10 advantageously eliminates the need to modify the transparent layer 24 with costly deletions, slits, or voids in the region 26 of the transparent layer 24 for antenna purposes. In other words, in certain embodiments, the window assembly 10 does not rely on deleted portions, slits, or air gaps in the region of the transparent layer 24 to modify antenna performance.

  Vehicle devices such as mirrors or rain sensors may be attached or attached to the window assembly 10. The presence of the transparent layer 24 where the vehicle device adheres to the window assembly 10 can adversely affect the performance of the vehicle device. Thus, the transparent layer 24 typically includes an opening near the upper edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 to accommodate the attachment of the vehicle device to the window assembly 10 as shown in FIGS. Good. The opening for the vehicle device may extend into the outer region 30 as shown in FIG. In other embodiments, the opening for the vehicle device is surrounded by the transparent layer 24 so that the opening is isolated from the outer region 30 and does not extend into the outer region 30. Such openings for vehicle devices are not considered openings for antenna purposes, such as the slits, gaps, and openings described above for antenna purposes. The opening for the vehicle device may have any suitable shape for accommodating the vehicle device.

  As shown in the drawings, the outer region 30 is defined on the window assembly 10. The outer region 30 lacks the transparent layer 24. The outer region 30 is defined adjacent to the transparent layer 24 along the outer edge 28 of the region 26 of the transparent layer 24. In one embodiment, the outer region 30 is defined between the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 and the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer region 30 may surround the entire outer edge 28 of the region 26 of the transparent layer 24. Having the outer region 30 surround the entire outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 advantageously provides an electrical disconnect between the transparent layer 24 and the window frame 14. Alternatively, the outer region 30 may be defined over a predetermined section of the window assembly 10 so that the outer region 30 does not continuously surround the transparent layer 24 along the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. The outer region 30 lacks the transparent layer 24 and is therefore non-conductive.

  The outer region 30 has a width that is generally defined by the distance between the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 and the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10. In one embodiment, the width of the outer region 30 is greater than 0 mm and less than 200 mm. The width of the outer region 30 may vary depending on how the window assembly 10 fits into the window frame 14. For example, the width of the outer region 30 may correspond to the overlap (overlap) between the window frame 14 and the window assembly 10. The outer region 30 separates the transparent layer 24 from the window frame 14 to avoid building an electrical path between the transparent layer 24 and the window frame 14 that can adversely affect antenna reception and radiation patterns. Good. Furthermore, the outer region 30 protects the transparent layer 24 by separating it from the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10 that is exposed to environmental factors that can degrade the quality of the transparent layer 24.

  The outer region 30 may be formed on the window assembly 10 according to any suitable technique known in the art. For example, the inner surface 18a, 20a of the outer substrate and / or inner substrate 18, 20 may be masked prior to application (application) of the transparent layer 24 to provide the desired shape of the outer region 30. Alternatively, the transparent layer 24 may be applied to the window assembly 10 such that the transparent layer 24 is spaced from the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10. In addition, selective portions of the transparent layer 24 may be removed or deleted to provide the desired shape of the outer region 30. Removal or deletion of selective portions of the transparent layer 24 may be accomplished using a laser, grinding tool, chemical removal, and the like.

  Although not required, an intermediate layer 32 may be disposed between the outer substrate and the inner surfaces 18a, 20a of the inner substrates 18, 20 as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C. The window assembly 10 may include an outer substrate and an inner substrate 18, 20 having a transparent layer 24 and an intermediate layer 32 sandwiched therebetween. The intermediate layer 32 joins the outer substrate and the inner substrates 18 and 20 to prevent the window assembly 10 from being shattered after impact. The intermediate layer 32 is substantially light transmissive and typically includes a thermoplastic resin or polymer, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Other suitable materials for mounting the intermediate layer 32 may be used. In one embodiment, the intermediate layer 32 has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 1 mm.

  The transparent layer 24 may be disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer 32. In one embodiment, the transparent layer 24 is disposed between the intermediate layer 32 and the inner surface 18a of the outer substrate 18, as shown in FIG. 3B. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3C, the transparent layer 24 is disposed between the intermediate layer 32 and the inner surface 20 a of the inner substrate 20. 3A-3C, the transparent layer 24 and the intermediate layer 32 are formed so that the intermediate layer 32 and the transparent layer 24 are in contact with the inner surfaces 18a and 20a of the outer substrate and / or the inner substrates 18 and 20, respectively. , 20.

  As mentioned above, the window assembly 10 includes an antenna element 16. As shown throughout the drawings, the antenna element 16 is disposed on a substrate 17. In one embodiment, the antenna element 16 is disposed between the outer substrate and the inner substrates 18, 20. In other embodiments, the antenna element 16 is disposed between the intermediate layer 32 and the inner surface 18a of the outer substrate 18, as shown in FIG. 3B. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3C, the antenna element 16 is disposed between the intermediate layer 32 and the inner surface 20a of the inner substrate 20. The antenna element 16 may be disposed on the same plane as the transparent layer 24 between the outer substrate and the inner substrates 18 and 20.

  In addition, the antenna element 16 may be disposed on the outer surface 18 b of the outer substrate 18 or the outer surface 20 b of the inner substrate 20.

  The antenna element 16 may not be disposed on the same plane as the transparent layer 24. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, the antenna element 16 is not coplanar with the transparent layer 24 in the region 26 of the transparent layer 24, but is coplanar with the transparent layer 24 in the outer region 30. It is in.

  As shown in the drawings, the antenna element 16 is disposed within the periphery 22 of the window assembly 10 such that the antenna element 16 does not extend physically beyond the periphery 22 of the window assembly 10.

  The antenna element 16 is conductive. The antenna element 16 may be formed of any suitable conductor. The antenna element 16 may be applied to the window assembly 10 according to any suitable method, such as printing, firing, adhesion, and the like. In one embodiment, the antenna element 16 includes a conductive paste, such as a silver paste. In other embodiments, the antenna element 16 includes a conductive adhesive, such as copper tape. In yet another embodiment, the antenna element 16 includes a metal wire. The antenna element 16 generally includes a substantially flat configuration. Thus, the antenna element 16 may be appropriately disposed between the external substrate and the internal substrates 18 and 20. In one embodiment, the antenna element 16 is substantially impermeable to light so that no light can pass through the antenna element 16. Moreover, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 may be applied (applied) to the window assembly 10 without any change to the region 28 of the transparent layer 24.

  As shown throughout the drawings, the antenna element 16 includes a first antenna segment 40. The first antenna segment 40 is elongated. The first antenna segment 40 has a first end 42 and a second end 44 opposite to the first end 42. In one embodiment, the first antenna segment 40 has a rectangular configuration with a pair of short sides and a pair of connecting elongated sides. In such an embodiment, the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40 are generally defined on the short sides of the rectangular configuration.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the first antenna segment 40 may also include a region (area) A1 defined by a length “L1” and a width “W1”. In one embodiment, the width W1 of the first antenna segment 40 is substantially unchanged along the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40. Alternatively, the width W1 of the first antenna segment 40 may vary along the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40.

  The length L1 of the first antenna segment 40 may be any suitable dimension. In one embodiment, the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40 is in the range of 5-25 cm. In other embodiments, the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40 is in the range of 10-15 cm. In one specific embodiment, the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40 is 13 cm or 25 cm.

  In addition, the width W1 of the first antenna segment 40 may be any suitable dimension. In one embodiment, the width W1 of the first antenna segment 40 is in the range of 0.2-1 cm. In other embodiments, the width W1 of the first antenna segment 40 is about 0.5 cm. The first antenna segment 40 may have other configurations and dimensions without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  The first antenna segment 40 is disposed in the outer region 30. In the outer region 30, the first antenna segment 40 is separated from the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. In other words, the first antenna segment 40 is not in direct contact with the transparent layer 24.

  The first antenna segment 40 extends along the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. As described in more detail below, extending the first antenna segment 40 along the outer edge 28 is important for improving antenna impedance matching and radiation pattern modification. In one embodiment, as shown throughout the drawings, the first antenna segment 40 extends substantially parallel to the outer edge 28. When the first antenna segment 40 has a rectangular configuration, the elongated side of the first antenna segment 40 extends parallel to the outer edge 28. Extending the first antenna segment 40 substantially parallel to the outer edge 28 maximizes antenna impedance matching and radiation pattern modification effects by the first antenna segment 40. Alternatively, the first antenna segment 40 extends along the outer edge 28 at a predetermined angle. The predetermined angle is generally defined between the outer edge 28 and the edge of the first antenna segment 40 adjacent to the outer edge 28. In one case, the predetermined angle is about 15 degrees. In some cases, the first end 42 of the first antenna segment 40 may be located closer to the outer edge 28 than the second end 44 of the first antenna segment 40. Alternatively, the first end 42 of the first antenna segment 40 may be located farther from the outer edge 28 than the second end 44 of the first antenna segment 40.

  In other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the first antenna segment 40 extends partially along one of the side edges 28c, 28d of the outer edge 28 and partially above the outer edge 28. It extends along one of the edges and lower edges 28a, 28b. For example, the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 defines a corner where one of the side edges 28 c and 28 d of the outer edge 28 is connected to one of the upper edge and the lower edges 28 a and 28 b of the outer edge 28. The first antenna segment 40 extends along the corner of the outer edge 28. In such an embodiment, the first antenna segment 40 may be bent or curved in the outer region 30 such that the first antenna segment 40 maintains a position along the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24.

  The antenna element 16 includes a second antenna segment 50. The second antenna segment 50 extends from the first antenna segment 40 toward the transparent layer 24. In doing so, the second antenna segment 50 crosses the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. In one embodiment, the second antenna segment 50 is partially disposed in the outer region 30 and partially disposed in the region 26 of the transparent layer 24. Any suitable portion of the second antenna segment 50 may be disposed within the transparent layer 24 or the outer region 30. For example, one portion of the second antenna segment 50 corresponding to 80 percent of the antenna elements 16 may be disposed in the outer region, whereas the remaining portion corresponding to 20 percent of the second antenna segment 50 May be disposed in the transparent layer 24, or one portion of the second antenna segment 50 corresponding to 80 percent of the antenna elements 16 may be disposed in the transparent layer 24, whereas the second The remaining portion corresponding to 20 percent of the other antenna segments 50 may be located in the outer region.

  As shown in FIG. 5-18, the second antenna segment 50 has a first end 52 and a second end 54 opposite to the first end 52. The first end 52 of the second antenna segment 50 is connected to the first antenna segment 40.

  The second antenna segment 50 contacts the transparent layer 24 and is in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer 24. The second antenna segment 50 is immediately adjacent to the transparent layer 24 so that the second antenna segment 50 and the transparent layer 24 are in direct contact. At least a portion of the second antenna segment 50 is disposed directly on the transparent layer 24. In one case, the second end 54 of the second antenna segment 50 leads to the transparent layer 24.

  The second antenna segment 50 may abut the transparent layer 24 according to various configurations. In one embodiment, the second antenna segment 50 may be disposed directly on the transparent layer 24 as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C. 3A-3C, the second antenna segment 50 is not arranged on the same plane as the transparent layer 24. In FIG. Alternatively, the second antenna segment 50 may be disposed on the same plane as the transparent layer 24.

  By abutting the transparent layer 24, the second antenna segment 50 advantageously provides a DC connection between the first antenna segment 40 and the transparent layer 24. In providing a DC connection, the second antenna segment 50 allows the footprint of the antenna element 16 to be substantially minimized. Specifically, the area (area) A1 / A2 of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 may be minimized.

  In one embodiment, the second antenna segment 50 extends substantially vertically from the first antenna segment 40, as shown in the drawings. 5-7, 10, 14, and 16-18, the second antenna segment 50 extends from the first antenna segment 40 between the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. Extend. In such a case, the second antenna segment 50 is spaced from each one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. 4, 8, 11-13, and 15, the second antenna segment 50 extends from the first antenna segment 40 at one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. In such a case, the first and second elements 40, 50 have an L-shaped configuration.

  In one embodiment, the second antenna segment 50 has a rectangular configuration with a pair of short sides and a pair of connecting elongated sides. In such an embodiment, the first and second ends 52, 54 of the second antenna segment 50 are generally defined by short sides of a rectangular configuration. The second antenna segment 50 may have other configurations, such as a square configuration.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the second antenna segment 50 may define a region (area) A2 having a length “L2” and a width “W2”. In one embodiment, the width W2 of the second antenna segment 50 is substantially consistent along the length L2 of the second antenna segment 50. Alternatively, the width W2 of the second antenna segment 50 may vary along the length L2 of the second antenna segment 50.

  The length L2 of the second antenna segment 50 may be any suitable dimension. In one embodiment, the length L2 of the second antenna segment 50 is in the range of 0.5-10 cm. In other embodiments, the length L2 of the second antenna segment 50 is about 1-2 mm.

  The width W2 of the second antenna segment 50 may be any suitable dimension. In one embodiment, the width W2 of the second antenna segment 50 is in the range of 0.2-1 cm. In other embodiments, the width W2 of the second antenna segment 50 is about 0.5 mm. The second antenna segment 50 may have other configurations without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  The first and second antenna segments 40, 50 may be defined according to various configurations with respect to each other. In one embodiment, the length L 1 of the first antenna segment 40 is longer than the length L 2 of the second antenna segment 50. Alternatively, the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40 may be shorter than the length L2 of the second antenna segment 50. Moreover, the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40 may be equal to the length L2 of the second antenna segment 50. In another embodiment, the width W 1 of the first antenna segment 40 is wider than the width W 2 of the second antenna segment 50. Alternatively, the width W1 of the first antenna segment 40 is narrower than the width W2 of the second antenna segment 50. Further, the width W1 of the first antenna segment 40 may be equal to the width W2 of the second antenna segment 50. In another embodiment, the area A1 of the first antenna segment 40 is larger than the area A2 of the second antenna segment 50. The area A1 of the first antenna segment 40 may be smaller than the area A2 of the second antenna segment 50. Moreover, the area A1 of the first antenna segment 40 may be equal to the area A2 of the second antenna segment 50.

  In one embodiment, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 are integrally configured such that the second antenna segment 50 extends integrally from the first antenna segment 40. Alternatively, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 are separately configured such that the second antenna segment 50 does not extend integrally from the first antenna segment 40.

  The first and second antenna segments 40, 50 are configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals. In addition, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 play an important role in optimizing the antenna performance of the window assembly 10. For example, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 operate to change the radiation pattern and provide impedance matching. In one embodiment, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 both operate to change the radiation pattern and provide impedance matching. In other embodiments, the first antenna segment 40 has an emphasized role in operating to change the radiation pattern, whereas the second antenna segment 50 is emphasized in providing impedance matching. Or the first antenna segment 40 has an emphasized role in providing impedance matching, whereas the second antenna segment 50 operates in changing the radiation pattern. Has an emphasized role.

  The first and second antenna segments 40, 50 provide impedance matching by matching the impedance of the first antenna segment 40, the second antenna segment 50, and the transparent layer 24 with the impedance of the cable or circuit. Operate. The cable may be, for example, a coaxial cable connected to a feeding element that energizes the first antenna segment 40, the second antenna segment 50, and the transparent layer 24, as described below. It can be a cable. The circuit may be, for example, an amplifier or other circuit that is connected to the first antenna segment 40, the second antenna segment 50, and the transparent layer 24 through a cable or lead wire.

  The first and second antenna segments 40, 50 change the direction in which radio signals are transmitted and / or received by the first antenna segment 40, the second antenna segment 50, and / or the transparent layer 24. Operates to alter the radiation pattern. More specifically, the first and / or second antenna segments 40, 50 may change the direction in which radio signals are transmitted and / or received so that the radiation pattern exhibits greater omnidirectionality. . By doing so, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 provide greater control over the radiation pattern. The first and second antenna segments 40, 50 further serve to counter electromagnetic interference so as to ensure optimal reception. Thus, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 increase antenna performance.

  At higher frequencies, the first antenna segment 40 has an enhanced role in the radiation pattern modification. At lower frequencies, the first antenna segment 40 has an emphasized role in impedance matching.

  The antenna performance depends on the strategic dimensioning of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and the positioning of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 with respect to the transparent layer 24 and with respect to each other. Further fine adjustment is made based on this. For example, the length L1 / L2, the width W1 / W2, and / or the region (area) A1 / A2 of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 each have a significant influence on the antenna performance. As shown in FIG. 5, other examples of strategic positioning and sizing of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 include (i) the first antenna segment 40 and the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. (Ii) the distance “b” between the second antenna segment 50 and the first and / or second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40, (iii) The distance “c” between the first antenna segment 40 and the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10, and (iv) the distance “between the second end 54 of the second antenna segment 50 and the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24”. d ”.

  The first and second antenna segments 40 and 50 and the transparent layer 24 each have electrical conductivity. In one embodiment, the conductivity of each of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 is of a magnitude that is higher than the conductivity of the transparent layer 24. By having the conductivity so configured, more current is concentrated in the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 than in the transparent layer 24. This allows for a reduced footprint of the antenna element 16 while allowing a greater impact on impedance matching and radiation pattern. In another embodiment, the conductivity of one of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 is on the order of magnitude higher than the conductivity of the other of the first and second antenna segments 40, 50.

  As shown throughout the drawings, the window assembly 10 includes a feed element 60. The feeding element 60 is connected to the antenna element 16. As shown in the drawing, the feed element 60 is coupled to the first antenna segment 40. In FIGS. 5, 9-11, and 15-18, the feed element 60 is coupled between the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. In such a configuration, the feed element 60 is spaced from each one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 6-8 and 12-14, the feed element 60 is connected to the first antenna segment 40 at one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. Connected. In other embodiments, the feed element 60 is coupled to the second antenna segment 50. The feed element 60 may be positioned relative to the antenna element 16 according to various other configurations.

  The feeding element 60 is disposed on the window assembly 10 according to various configurations. As shown in the drawing, the feed element 60 is disposed in the outer region 60. In such a case, the feeding element 60 is spaced from the transparent layer 24 so that the feeding element 60 does not directly contact the transparent layer 24. The feeding element 60 may be disposed entirely within the outer region 30. Alternatively, a part of the feeding element 60 may be arranged in the outer region 30. Furthermore, the feeding element 60 may be arranged beyond the outer region 30. For example, the feed element 60 may extend partially beyond the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10, as shown in FIG. This allows the feeding element 60 to be easily connected to the corresponding electrical system (electric system) or vehicle 12 during manufacture. Placing the antenna element 16 along the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 allows for a simplified feed configuration. This is because the feeding element 60 generally has to be connected from the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10 to the antenna element 16.

  The power feeding element 60 may be disposed on the substrate 17. The feeding element 60 may be disposed adjacent to and in a planar relationship with the antenna element 16 and the transparent layer 24. The feeding element 60 may be disposed on the same plane or non-coplanar with respect to the antenna element 16. As shown in FIG. 3A, the power feeding element 60 is disposed between the intermediate layer 32 and the inner surface 20 a of the inner substrate 20. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3B, the feed element 60 is disposed between the intermediate layer 32 and the inner surface 18a of the outer substrate 18. The power feeding element 60 may be disposed on one outer surface 18b, 20b of the outer substrate and the inner substrate 18, 20 as shown in FIG. 3C.

  According to one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the feed element 60 abuts the antenna element 16 and is in direct electrical connection with the antenna element 16. The feed element 60 sends current to the antenna element 16 directly through a conductive material such as a feed strip or wire physically attached to the antenna element 16. For example, the feeding element 60 is directly connected to the antenna element 16 by a wire or soldered. In one embodiment, the feed element 60 is not coplanar with the antenna element 16, but is connected directly on the first antenna segment 40. In other embodiments, the feed element 60 is coplanar with the antenna element 16 and is directly connected to one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. The feed element 60 and the antenna element 16 abut against the window assembly 10 according to several other configurations for the transparent layer 24 and the intermediate layer 32 not specifically illustrated throughout the drawings and are in direct electrical connection with the window assembly 10. To do.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3C, the feed element 60 may be spaced apart from the antenna element 16 and capacitively coupled to the antenna element 16. In such cases, the feed element 60 induces current to the antenna element 16 through air or a dielectric material such as the outer or inner substrate 18, 20 and / or the intermediate layer 32. When connected capacitively, the feed element 60 is not hardwired or in direct contact with the antenna element 16 and is generally not located on the same plane as the antenna element 16. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3C, the feeding element 60 is disposed on the outer surface 20b of the inner substrate 20 and is disposed between the intermediate layer 32 and the inner surface 20a of the inner substrate 20. Capacitively connected to the antenna element 16. The feed element 60 is spaced from the antenna element 16 on the window assembly 10 in accordance with some embodiments for the transparent layer 24 and the intermediate layer 32 not specifically illustrated throughout the drawings, and the antenna element 16 on the window assembly 10. May be coupled capacitively.

  The feed element 60 includes first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and transparent so that the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and the transparent layer 24 collectively transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. The layer 24 is configured to energize. In one embodiment, the feed element 60 energizes the antenna element 16 and the transparent layer 24 together. The feeding element 60 is electrically coupled to the antenna element 16 and the transparent layer 24 so that the antenna element 16 and the transparent layer 24 operate as an active antenna element for exciting or receiving radio frequency waves.

  With respect to the feeding element 60, the term “energize” refers to an antenna element for receiving radio waves that the feeding element 60 excites the antenna element 16 and the transparent layer 24 for transmitting radio waves and for colliding radio waves. 16 and the transparent layer 24 are understood to describe the electrical relationship between the feed element 60, the antenna element 16 and the transparent layer 24, which are electrically connected to the transparent layer 24.

  The feed element 60 may include any suitable material for energizing the antenna element 16. As shown throughout the drawings, the feed element 60 may be coupled to the antenna element 16 at a feed point identified as “X” throughout the drawings. The feeding points may be arranged at various places with respect to the feeding element 60. In one embodiment, the feed element 60 includes a coaxial line having a central conductor coupled to the antenna element 16 at a feed point “X” and a ground conductor grounded to the window frame 14. In other embodiments, the feed element 60 includes a feed strip, a feed wire, or a combination of both. The feeding element 60 may be a balanced line or an unbalanced line. For example, the feed element 60 may be an unbalanced coaxial cable, a microstrip, or a single wire line. Further, the feed element 60 may include any suitable feed network that provides phase shifting to the radio frequency signal transmitted or received by the antenna element 16. In one embodiment, the feed element 60 couples to the antenna element 16 at multiple feed points, as shown in FIG.

  In one embodiment, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and the transparent layer 24 collectively transmit and / or receive linearly polarized radio frequency signals. In one embodiment, the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and the transparent layer 24 are used for remote keyless entry (RKE), digital audio broadcasting (DAB), FM, cellular, and TV applications. For any one of these, radio frequency signals are transmitted and / or received collectively.

  The antenna performance is further fine tuned based on strategic sizing of the feed element 60 and positioning of the feed element 60 with respect to the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and / or the transparent layer 24. As shown in FIG. 5, one example of such a strategic blood determination and sizing of the feed element 60 is the feed point “X” of the feed element 60 and the first and / or first of the first antenna segment 40. The distance “e” between the two ends “42, 44” is included.

  In one embodiment, the feed element 60 and the antenna element 16 may be integrated into a single component. A single component including the feed element 60 and the antenna element 16 may be easily removed and attached to the window assembly 10. In one embodiment, the single component includes traces and / or conductors embedded in the electrically insulating member. The single component may have a substantially flat configuration so that the single component may be easily sandwiched between the outer substrate and the inner substrates 18,20. The single component may include a mating connector for connecting to a corresponding electrical system, such as the electrical system of the vehicle 12 and the like.

  Outer region 30 may have any suitable size, configuration, or shape to accommodate antenna element 16 and / or feed element 60. For example, the outer region 30 may have a rectangular configuration, a curved configuration, or an equivalent configuration. More specifically, the outer region 30 may follow a substantially straight path, a curved path, or an equivalent path. The outer region 30 may be sized such that the antenna element 16 and / or the feed element 60 substantially occupy the outer region 30. In other words, the outer region 30 may be sized as necessary to effectively accommodate the antenna element 16 and / or the feed element 60. Thus, the area 26 of the transparent layer 24 is maximized for other functions of that area 26, such as an antenna radiating element or an element that reflects infrared radiation through the window assembly 10. Alternatively, antenna element 16 and / or feed element 60 may occupy only a small portion of outer region 30. The placement of antenna element 16 and / or feed element 60 in outer region 30 provides an unobstructed view for the driver of vehicle 12.

  In one embodiment, the antenna element 16 and the feed element 60 are positioned such that the interference that the antenna element 16 and the feed element 60 cause to the occupant's field of view of the vehicle 12 is minimal. As described above, in many embodiments, antenna element 16 and feed element 60 are substantially disposed within outer region 30 such that antenna element 16 and feed element 60 do not interfere with the occupant's field of view. Moreover, as shown throughout the drawings, the window assembly 10 may include an opaque layer 62 that is applied (applied) to one of the outer and inner substrates 18, 20. The opacity 62 hides the antenna element 16 and the feed element 60 for an aesthetically attractive configuration. As shown in the drawings, the opaque layer 62 extends from the peripheral edge 22 of the window assembly 10 toward the transparent layer 24. Specifically, the opaque layer 62 extends beyond the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. By doing so, the opaque layer 62 hides the second antenna segment 50 extending into the transparent layer 24, thereby completely hiding the antenna element 16. In one embodiment, the opaque layer 62 is formed of a ceramic print 62 (ceramic print).

  The window assembly 10 may include multiple antenna elements 16 and / or multiple feed elements 60. In one embodiment, a single feed element 60 is coupled to a single antenna element 16 as shown in FIGS. 7-12. Such a configuration may be defined as a single port configuration. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a single feed element 60 may be connected to the antenna element 16 at multiple feed points. In such a configuration, the feed element 60 may include a conductor 64 that is coupled to each feed point. The conductors 64 may be connected or spliced together so that only a single conductor 64 is required to enter the feed element 60 to energize the antenna element 16 at multiple feed points.

  In other embodiments, a single feed element 60 is coupled to multiple antenna elements 16 as shown in FIGS. Such a configuration may be defined as a multiport configuration. 13 and 14, the window assembly 10 includes two antenna elements 16 and a single feed element 60 coupled to both antenna elements 16. 13 and 14, a feed element 60 connects to each of the antenna elements 16 at separate feed points. In such a configuration, a single feed element 60 may include a separate conductor 64 with each conductor 64 coupled to each separate antenna element 16. In such a case, the feeding element 60 effectively operates as two separate feeding elements 60 that are integrated into a single feeding device (feeding unit). In one embodiment, the feed element 60 is coupled to one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40 of each of the two antenna elements 16. The feed element 60 may be coupled to various other portions of the antenna element (multiple antenna elements) 16.

  As shown in FIGS. 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 17 and 18, the antenna element 16 may have a third antenna segment 70. The third antenna segment 70 extends from the first antenna segment 40 to the transparent layer 24. The third antenna segment 70 traverses the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. The third antenna segment 70 is in contact with the transparent layer 24 and is in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer 24.

  The addition of the third antenna segment 70 generally provides greater flexibility and improves the impedance of the window assembly 10 compared to a simpler configuration. Thus, a window assembly 10 that includes a third antenna segment 70 is generally much wider in transmission or reception than a window assembly 10 that has an antenna element 16 that has only first and second antenna segments 40,50. Indicates the bandwidth.

  In one embodiment, the third antenna segment 70 extends perpendicularly from the first antenna segment 40 to the transparent layer 24. In FIGS. 6, 10, 12, 17 and 18, the third antenna segment 70 extends from the first antenna segment 40 between the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. In such a configuration, the third antenna segment 70 is spaced from each one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. 4 and 9, the third antenna segment 70 extends from the first antenna segment 40 at one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. In yet another embodiment, in FIGS. 4 and 9, the second antenna segment 50 extends from the first antenna segment 40 at one of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40; The third antenna segment 70 extends from the first antenna segment 40 at the other of the first and second ends 42, 44 of the first antenna segment 40. In such a configuration, the first, second, and third antenna segments 40, 50, 70 have a substantially C-shaped configuration. The third antenna segment 70 may extend according to other configurations without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  The physical, mechanical, positional, dimensional, and functional characteristics and benefits of the second antenna segment 50 may correspond to the third antenna segment 70. Thus, for brevity of description, those characteristics of the second antenna segment 50 described herein may be referenced to describe the third antenna segment 70. Of course, it should be understood that the second and third antenna segments 50, 70 are not necessarily the same, may exhibit different characteristics, and may provide unique advantages.

  As shown in FIGS. 15-18, the antenna element 16 may have a fourth antenna segment 80. The fourth antenna segment 80 extends from the second antenna segment 50. The fourth antenna segment 80 abuts on the transparent layer 24 and is directly electrically connected to the transparent layer 24. As shown in FIG. 16, the fourth antenna segment 80 includes a region (area) “A4” having a length “L4” and a width “W4”. The length L4 and width W4 of the fourth antenna segment 80 may be any suitable dimension. In one embodiment, the length L4 of the fourth antenna segment 80 is in the range of 5-25 cm. In other embodiments, the length L4 of the fourth antenna segment 80 is about 15 cm. In one embodiment, the width W4 of the fourth antenna segment 80 is in the range of 0.2-1 cm. In other embodiments, the width W4 of the fourth antenna segment 80 is about 0.5 cm.

  The addition of the fourth antenna segment 80 generally provides greater flexibility and improves the impedance of the window assembly 10 compared to a simpler configuration. Thus, the window assembly 10 including the fourth antenna segment 80 has only the first and second antenna segments 40, 50, or the first, second, and third antenna segments 40, 50, 70. Compared to the window assembly 10, it generally has a wider transmission or reception band.

  In one implementation, the fourth antenna segment 80 is generally disposed within the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24, as shown in FIGS. 16-18. In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 15, the fourth antenna segment 80 is partially disposed within the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24 and partially disposed within the outer region 30.

  15-18, the fourth antenna segment 80 extends perpendicular to the second antenna segment 50 and extends parallel to the first antenna segment 40. In FIG. 17, the fourth antenna segment 80 is connected to both the second antenna segment 50 and the third antenna segment 70. In FIG. 17, the fourth antenna segment 80 extends vertically from the second antenna segment 50 and the third antenna segment 70.

  The fourth antenna segment 80 includes a first end 82 and a second end 84 opposite the first end 82. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 16-18, the second antenna segment 50 is connected to the fourth antenna segment 80 between the first and second ends 82, 84 of the fourth antenna segment 80. Connect to. In such a configuration, the second antenna segment 50 is spaced from each one of the first and second ends 82, 84 of the fourth antenna segment 80. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, the second antenna segment 50 is connected to the fourth antenna segment 80 on one of the first and second ends 82, 84 of the fourth antenna segment 80. To do. In such a case, the second antenna segment 50 and the fourth antenna segment 80 have an L-shaped configuration. In yet another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, the second and third antenna segments 50, 70 are each one of the second and third antenna segments 50, 70 and the fourth antenna segment. The fourth antenna segment 80 is connected between the first and second ends 82 and 84 of the fourth antenna segment 80 so as to be spaced from the first and second ends 82 and 84 of the 80, respectively. The fourth antenna segment 80 may extend according to other configurations without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  The antenna performance is further fine-tuned based on strategic sizing of the fourth antenna segment 80 and positioning of the fourth antenna segment 80 relative to the transparent layer 24 and the other antenna segments 40, 50, 70. For example, as shown in FIG. 16, the length L4, width W4, and / or region (area) A4 of the fourth antenna segment 80 may have a significant impact on antenna performance. As shown in FIG. 16, other examples of strategic positioning and sizing of the fourth antenna segment 80 include: (i) the first and / or the second antenna segment 50 and the first antenna segment 80; A distance “g” between the second ends 82, 84; (ii) a distance “h” between the first antenna segment 40 and the fourth antenna segment 80; and (iii) a first antenna segment. A distance “j” between one of the 40 first and second ends 42, 44 and a corresponding one of the first and second ends 82, 84 of the fourth antenna segment 80. Moreover, the length L4 of the fourth antenna segment 80 may be related to the length L1 of the first antenna segment 40 according to a predetermined ratio or ratio. For example, L1 may be twice as long as L4 in one embodiment. Alternatively, L4 may be ¼ length of l1 in other embodiments.

  Many of the physical, mechanical, positional, dimensional, and functional characteristics of the first antenna segment 40 may be applied to the fourth antenna segment 80. Accordingly, for the sake of brevity of description, those characteristics of the first antenna segment 40 described herein may be referenced to describe the fourth antenna segment 80. Of course, it should be understood that the fourth antenna segment 80 is not necessarily the same as the first antenna segment 40, and each may exhibit different characteristics and may provide unique advantages.

  As shown in FIG. 18, the antenna element 16 may have a fifth antenna segment 90. The fifth antenna segment 90 extends from the third antenna segment 70. The fifth antenna segment 90 is separated from the fourth antenna segment 80. The fifth antenna segment 90 is in contact with the transparent layer 24 and is directly electrically connected to the transparent layer 24. The fifth antenna segment 90 includes a first end 92 and a second end 94 opposite the first end 92.

  The addition of the fifth antenna segment 90 generally provides greater flexibility and improves the impedance of the window assembly 10 compared to a simpler configuration. Thus, the window assembly 10 that includes the fifth antenna segment 90 includes the antenna element 16 having only the first, second, third, and / or fourth antenna segments 40, 50, 70, 80. Compared with, generally shows a wider transmission or reception band.

  Many of the physical, mechanical, positional, dimensional, and functional types of the fourth antenna segment 80 may be applied to the fifth antenna segment 90. Thus, for brevity of description, those characteristics of the fourth antenna segment 80 described herein may be referenced to describe the fifth antenna segment 90. Of course, the fourth antenna segment 80, 90 may not exhibit the same characteristics as the fifth antenna segment 90 because the fourth and fifth antenna segments 80, 90 may exhibit different characteristics and may provide unique advantages. Should be understood.

  In one embodiment, the window assembly 10 includes two antenna elements 16, as shown in FIG. A single processor 100 is connected to both antenna elements 16. The single processor 100 is configured to select and / or combine radio frequency signals that can be transmitted and / or received by the antenna element 16. By doing so, the two antenna elements 16 operate in multidiversity. By operating in diversity, the antenna element 16 transmits and / or receives radio frequency signals in a number of directions within the field of reception for signal interference and temporal fading ( minimize fading). In one embodiment, the two antenna elements 16 operate in conjunction with the transparent layer 24 to transmit radio signals for TV applications.

  In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the window assembly 10 includes first, second, and third antenna elements 16a, 16b, each disposed along an outer first edge 28c. , 16c and fourth, fifth, and sixth antenna elements 16d, 16e, 16f, each disposed along an opposing second edge 28d of the outer edge 28. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth antenna elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, and 16f are connected to the first antenna segment 40 and the second antenna segment 50, respectively. Including. Each of the first and fourth antenna elements 16 a and 16 d further includes a third antenna segment 70. The first antenna segment 40 of each of the antenna elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f is elongated and is disposed in the outer region 30 and spaced from the outer edge 28. The first antenna segment 40 of each of the antenna elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f extends substantially parallel to the outer edge 28 and is spaced from the outer edge 28. The second antenna segment 50 of each of the antenna elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f is such that each of the second antenna segments 50 traverses the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. , 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, and 16f extend substantially vertically from the first antenna segment 40 to the transparent layer 24 of each antenna element. Each of the second antenna segments 50 contacts the transparent layer 24 and is in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer 24. The third antenna segment 70 of each of the first and fourth antenna elements 16a, 16d is spaced from the second antenna segment 50 of each of the first and fourth antenna elements 16a, 16d. And extends substantially vertically from the first antenna segment 40 of each of the first and fourth antenna elements 16a, 16d toward the transparent layer 24. Each of the third antenna segments 70 traverses the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24, contacts the transparent layer 24, and is in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer 24. A plurality of power feeding elements 60 are provided. Each of the antenna elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, and 16f is coupled to one of the plurality of power feeding elements 60.

  In one variation of the embodiment of FIG. 2, a first feed element 60a is coupled to the first antenna element 16a to energize the first antenna element 16a and the transparent layer 24. In order to energize the first and second antenna elements 16b, 16c and the transparent layer 24, the second feeding element 60b is connected to both the second and third antenna elements 16b, 16c. In order to energize the fourth antenna element 16d and the transparent layer 24, the third feeding element 60c is connected to the fourth antenna element 16d. In order to energize the fifth and sixth antenna elements 16e and 16f and the transparent layer 24, the fourth feeding element 60d is connected to the fifth and sixth antenna elements 16e and 16f.

  In another variation of the embodiment of FIG. 2, the first antenna element 16a transmits and / or receives radio signals for TV applications, and the second antenna element 16b is for remote keyless entry applications. The second antenna element 16c transmits and / or receives radio signals for FM or digital audio broadcasting applications, and the fourth antenna element 16d transmits and / or receives radio signals. The fifth antenna element 16e transmits and / or receives radio signals for TV applications, and the sixth antenna element 16e transmits FM or digital audio. Transmit and / or receive wireless signals for broadcasting applications.

  In yet another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the transparent layer 24 can be energized as a defrosting element or a defogging element. The window assembly 10 includes a first antenna element 16a and a second antenna element 16b, the first antenna element 16a being disposed along the first edge 28c of the outer edge 28, and the second antenna element 16b is disposed along the second edge 28d of the outer edge 28 that faces the second edge 28d. Each of the first and second antenna elements 16 a and 16 b includes at least a first antenna segment 40 and a second antenna segment 50. The first antenna segment 40 of each of the first and second antenna elements 16 a, 16 b is elongated and is disposed in the outer region 30 and spaced from the outer edge 28. The first antenna segment 40 of the first antenna element 16 a extends along the first edge 28 c of the outer edge 28. The first antenna segment 40 of the second antenna element 16b extends along the opposing second edge 28d of the outer edge 28. The first and second antenna segments 50 each traverse the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24, and each second antenna segment 50 abuts the transparent layer 24 and is in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer. The second antenna segment 50 of each of the two antenna elements 16a and 16b is directed from the first antenna segment 40 of each of the first and second antenna elements 16a and 16b toward the transparent layer 24. Extend. The first and second antenna segments 40 of the first antenna element 16a so that the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and the transparent layer 24 collectively transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. , 50 and the transparent layer 24, the first antenna element 16a is connected to the first antenna element 16a. The first and second antenna segments 40, 50 of the second antenna element, so that the first and second antenna segments 40, 50 and the transparent layer 24 collectively transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. 50 and the transparent layer 24 are energized with a second feed element 60b coupled to the second antenna element 16b.

  In another embodiment of FIG. 4, each of the first and second antenna elements 16a, 16b may further include a third antenna segment 70, respectively. The third antenna segment 70 of each of the first and second antenna elements 16a, 16b is spaced from the second antenna segment 50 of each of the first and second antenna elements 16a, 16b. And extends from the first antenna segment 40 of each of the first and second antenna elements 16a, 16b toward the transparent layer 24. Each third antenna segment 70 traverses the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. Each of the third antenna segments 70 contacts the transparent layer 24 and is in direct electrical contact with the transparent layer 24. The first, second, and third antenna segments 40, 50, 70 and the transparent layer 24 collectively transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals so that the first, In order to energize the second and third antenna segments 40, 50, 70 and the transparent layer 24, the first feeding element 60a is coupled to the first antenna element 16a. The first, second, and third of the second antenna elements are such that the first, second, and third antenna segments 40, 50, 70 and the transparent layer 24 collectively transmit radio frequency signals. The second feeding element 60b is connected to the second antenna element 16b in order to energize the antenna segments 40, 50, 70 and the transparent layer 24. In one embodiment, the window assembly 10 of FIG. 4 transmits radio frequency signals for TV applications.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the window assembly 10 may include a parasitic element 110. The parasitic element 110 may be formed of a conductive material, such as a metal print. The parasitic element 110 may have different configurations. In one embodiment, the parasitic element 110 has an elongated configuration. In other embodiments, the parasitic element 110 has an L-shaped configuration or a T-shaped configuration. Parasitic element 110 is spaced from antenna element 16. The parasitic element 110 does not contact the antenna element 16. In one embodiment, the parasitic element 110 is electrically disconnected from the transparent layer 24. In other embodiments, the parasitic element 110 is electrically connected to the transparent layer 24. In addition, the parasitic element 110 may be disposed generally within the outer region 30 such that the parasitic element 110 is surrounded by the outer region 30. Alternatively, the parasitic element 110 may be disposed entirely within the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24. Further, the parasitic element 110 may be partially disposed within the outer region 30 and partially within the outer edge 28 of the transparent layer 24.

  20 and 21 are charts illustrating the antenna performance of the window assembly 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The chart of FIG. 20 exemplifies antenna performance in which vertical polarization is used. The chart in FIG. 21 exemplifies antenna performance in which horizontal polarization is used. The antenna performance in both FIGS. 20 and 21 was measured within the VHF range. More specifically, antenna performance was measured within the TV application range of 170-222 MHz. 20 and 21 illustrate the antenna gain measured in dBi (isotropic). As shown in FIG. 20, window assembly 10 exhibited a gain greater than −15 dBi over a given frequency range with vertical polarization. As shown in FIG. 21, the window assembly 10 exhibited a gain greater than −20 dBi over a given frequency range with horizontal polarization. In both FIGS. 20 and 21, the gain shown is substantially consistent over a given frequency range. An example of such an embodiment that may exhibit such antenna gain includes, but is not limited to, the window assembly 10 of FIG. More specifically, any given one or combination of antenna elements 16a, 16d, and 16e may receive radio frequency signals within the TV application range of 170-222 MHz, such advantageous May show results.

  The invention has been described herein in an illustrative manner. It should be understood that the terminology used is intended to be within the nature of the terminology described rather than the terminology limiting. Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. The invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (16)

A substrate,
A transparent layer disposed on the substrate and defining a region having an outer edge including a plurality of edges, the transparent layer comprising a metal compound to be conductive;
An outer region without the transparent layer defined adjacent to the transparent layer along the outer edge;
An antenna element disposed on the substrate and configured to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals, the antenna element comprising a first antenna segment and a second antenna segment; ,
The antenna element and the transparent layer are coupled to the first antenna segment and configured to energize the antenna element and the transparent layer such that the antenna element and the transparent layer collectively transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. Including a power feeding element,
The first antenna segment is disposed in the outer region and spaced from the outer edge; the first antenna segment is elongated and extends exclusively along one edge of the outer edge;
The second antenna segment extends integrally from the first antenna segment toward the transparent layer such that the second antenna segment traverses the outer edge of the transparent layer.
Window assembly.   The window assembly of claim 1, wherein the antenna element is not co-planar with respect to the transparent layer.   3. A window assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna element comprises a substantially flat configuration.   The substrate includes an outer substrate having an inner surface and an outer surface, an inner substrate disposed adjacent to the outer substrate and having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the inner surface of the outer substrate and the inner substrate. An intermediate layer disposed between the transparent layer and the transparent layer is sandwiched between the intermediate layer and the inner surface of one of the outer substrate and the inner substrate. The window assembly according to any one of the above.   The window assembly of claim 4, wherein the antenna element is disposed on the outer surface of the inner substrate.   The window assembly according to claim 4, wherein the antenna element has a substantially flat configuration and is sandwiched between the intermediate layer and the inner surface of the other of the outer substrate and the inner substrate. .   The window assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first antenna segment includes a first end and a second end opposite to the first end.   The feed element is arranged on the first and second ends of the first antenna segment such that the feed element is spaced from each one of the first and second ends of the first antenna segment. The window assembly of claim 7, wherein the window assembly is coupled to the first antenna segment between.   The window assembly of claim 7, wherein the feed element is coupled to the first antenna segment at one of the first and second ends of the first antenna segment.   The second antenna segment is the first antenna segment of the first antenna segment such that the second antenna segment is spaced from each one of the first and second ends of the first antenna segment. 10. A window assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 9, extending from the first antenna segment between a first end and a second end.   10. The second antenna segment according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the second antenna segment extends from the first antenna segment at one of the first and second ends of the first antenna segment. Window assembly.   12. A window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the feed element is spaced from the first antenna segment and is capacitively coupled to the first antenna segment.   The window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the power feeding element abuts on the first antenna segment and is directly electrically connected to the first antenna segment.   14. A window assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antenna element and the feed element are integrated into a single component.   15. A window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first and second antenna segments are comprised of a metal print. 16. A window assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feed element is arranged in the outer region.

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