JP6357273B1 - Pressure vessel, seawater desalination equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A pressure vessel is improved so that it can be manufactured at low cost.
Both openings of a cylindrical tube member 100 are closed by a circular cover plate 210 that fits in the opening. Outside the cover plate 210, there is an annular pressure plate 220 that overlaps the cover plate 210 and protrudes from the cover plate 210. A notch 222 is provided around the pressing plate 220, and the end of the bar member 300 is inserted into each notch 222. In the periphery of the cover plate 210, there are semicircular pressing first members 410 and 420. When the distance between the pressing first members 410 and 420 is made closer by screwing the bolts 430 and nuts 440 between the convex portions 413 provided inside the arcs of the pressing first members 410 and 420 and the notches 222. The rod member 300 is sandwiched.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a pressure vessel.

Pressure-resistant containers are used in various fields. For example, a pressure vessel is used for a seawater desalination apparatus that uses a reverse osmosis membrane.
The pressure vessel used in such a seawater desalination apparatus is connected to an inflow pipe through which seawater flows into the pressure vessel at high pressure and an outflow pipe through which fresh water flows out from the pressure vessel. A reverse osmosis membrane is disposed in the pressure vessel. Seawater and fresh water (fresh water) are present in a pressure vessel with a reverse osmosis membrane interposed therebetween. When high pressure is applied to the seawater, the freshwater in the seawater penetrates into the freshwater side located between the seawater and the reverse osmosis membrane. The fresh water thus generated is taken out from the outflow pipe.
Of course, in a seawater desalination apparatus using such a principle, how much high pressure can be applied to the seawater side or how much high pressure the pressure vessel can withstand has a great influence on the performance. Therefore, those who manufacture this type of seawater desalination equipment have invested in the development of pressure vessels and invested costs.

A certain type of pressure vessel includes a cylindrical member whose both ends are open, for example, a cylindrical tube member, and a cover member that is a plate for closing both ends of the tube member.
According to a general technical idea, the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel is obtained by directly fixing the two cover members to the pressure vessel as firmly as possible. The fixing method is based on an appropriate technique such as screwing or welding. According to such a technical idea, the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel depends on how firmly the cover member and the cylindrical member are fixed. However, the pressure vessel according to such a technical idea has a defect. In such a technique, the cylindrical member and the cover member, particularly the cover member, are thick in order to achieve such strong fixing. This causes a problem that the pressure vessel becomes larger and heavier.
Therefore, the inventor of the present application makes the two cover members one size larger than the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical member, and connects the portions of the two cover members that protrude from the cylindrical member with a bar member. Then, by fixing the distance between the two cover members, the two cover members and the cylindrical member sandwiched between them are sandwiched, thereby indirectly connecting each of the two cover members and the cylindrical member. I came to think of the technical idea of fixing to. A pressure vessel having such a structure or a seawater desalination apparatus having such a pressure vessel has already been commercialized and marketed by the applicant of the present application. The pressure vessel according to the above-described technical idea of connecting two cover members with a rod member does not have the above-described problems that exist when the pressure vessel and the cover member are directly fixed.

However, there is a point to be improved in the technique of indirectly fixing the two cover members and the cylindrical member by fixing the distance between the two cover members.
In the pressure vessel constructed by such a technical idea, it is necessary to firmly fix the cover member and the bar member, or to prevent the cover member from moving in a direction away from the cylindrical member with respect to the bar member. . Conventionally, both ends of the bar member are threaded, and nuts are screwed into both ends of the bar member that penetrates the hole provided in the cover member, thereby positioning the distance between the two cover members at a constant distance. Was going to do. In such a technique, it is necessary to process the bar member, it takes time to fix the bar members one by one, or when the bar members are fixed one by one, both ends of one bar member are fixed. Unless the nuts are screwed together, there is a disadvantage that the rod member may be distorted to affect the performance of the pressure vessel. All of these increase labor and cost. In addition, when the bar member and the cover member are made of different materials, or when at least one of them is made of a material that is difficult to process, it is difficult in the first place to connect both of them even if the cost is ignored. In some cases. When the rod member is a light carbon rod, for example, such a problem appears remarkably because its workability is low.

The present invention relates to a pressure-resistant container that is clamped between two cover members by fixing the distance between the two cover members with a rod member, and as a result, indirectly covers the two cover members and the cylindrical member, in the manufacturing process It is possible to manufacture at low cost by solving at least one of the several problems existing in the above, and the materials of the cover member and the bar member are different, or at least one of them is made of a material that is difficult to process. Another object of the present invention is to provide a technique that makes it possible to fix the distance between two cover members.
In addition, it is natural that such a problem is not unique to a pressure vessel applied to a seawater desalination apparatus, but also exists in a pressure vessel applied to other uses. That is, the pressure vessel that the present invention puts in range is not limited to the pressure vessel applied to the seawater desalination apparatus.

In order to solve this problem, the present applicant proposes the following invention.
The pressure vessel of the present invention comprises a cylindrical tubular member having a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the axis that is open at both ends and equal in all portions in the length direction of the shaft, and both ends of the cylindrical member. A plate-shaped cover member that covers the cylindrical member so as to protrude from both ends of the cylindrical member, and a plurality of linear cover members that extend from one to the other cover member And a bar member.
Further, both of the peripheral portions of the two cover members in the pressure vessel are provided with a space portion that is a notch or a hole that forms a space into which an end portion of the rod member is inserted, and a plurality of the space portions are provided. A pressing portion that abuts against an insertion portion that is a portion inserted into the space portion at both ends of each of the rod members, presses the insertion portion against the inner surface of the space portion, and holds the pressing portion between the inner surface of the space portion. A plurality of pressing members at both ends of the plurality of rod members by frictional resistance between the inner surface of the space portion and the pressing portions and the insertion portions of the rod members. The distance between the two cover members is fixed at a predetermined specific distance.
Such a pressure vessel includes a cylindrical member and a cover member. These are the same as the cylindrical member and the cover member in the pressure vessel included in the seawater desalination apparatus manufactured and sold by the applicant of the present invention described in the background art section. In addition, this pressure vessel is sandwiched between two cover members by fixing the distance between the two cover members with a bar member, similarly to the pressure vessel in the seawater desalination apparatus manufactured and sold by the applicant of the present application. As a result, the two cover members and the cylindrical member are indirectly fixed. The two cover members are parallel.
In the pressure vessel according to the present invention, the distance between the two cover members is fixed by fixing the cover member and the rod member as follows.
A space portion is provided at each of the peripheral portions of the two cover members. The space portion receives the end portion of the rod member therein, and is a notch or a hole. The space part which is a notch and a hole does not necessarily need to cover the entire thickness direction of the cover member (for example, the hole penetrates the cover member if it is a hole), but at least the cover member side of each cover member To a certain range in the thickness direction of the cover member. In this application, the part inserted in the space part among the both ends of a rod member is called an insertion part.
The pressure vessel in the present invention includes a pressing member. The pressing member includes a pressing portion. The pressing portion sandwiches the insertion portion of the bar member inserted into the space portion with the inner surface of the space portion. The bar member is sandwiched between the inner surface of the space portion and the pressing portion, and is fixed to the cover member by frictional resistance between the inner surface of the space portion and the pressing portion. Thereby, the distance of the two cover members in the pressure vessel in the present invention is fixed to a predetermined specific distance.
The pressure vessel in the present invention having such a structure may be subjected to some processing other than adjusting the length of the rod member, but since such processing is not essential, the manufacturing process can be reduced. Yes, it can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, since the pressure vessel fixes the rod member and the cover member by friction, even if they are made of different materials, at least one of them is made of a material that is difficult to process. It is also possible to fix them together. For example, when the rod member is a carbon fiber carbon rod, the rod member and the cover member can be fixed without cutting the screw groove as described above, and the rod member is a carbon rod and fixed. Even if the member is a metal or a resin, there is no problem in fixing both.

As described above, the cover member has a plate shape and covers both ends of the cylindrical member, and at the same time, the periphery of the cylindrical member protrudes from both ends of the cylindrical member. The bar member is fixed to a portion of the cover member that protrudes from both ends of the cylindrical member. That is, the bar member is positioned outside the cylindrical member.
Here, both of the two cover members cover at least the cover plate having a size covering at least the opening of the cylindrical member, and at least cover the outer periphery of the cover plate from the opposite side of the cylindrical member, and eat from the outer periphery of the cover plate. It is comprised from the cyclic | annular pressing board which comes out, and the said space part may be provided in the part which protruded from the outer periphery of the said cover board of the said pressing board. That is, the cover member may be divided into a cover plate having a function of covering the opening of the cylindrical member and a pressing plate having a function of sandwiching the cover plate and the cylindrical member, or a function of fixing the rod member. Absent. According to this, the pressing plate that needs to be processed to some extent in order to form the space portion and the cover plate that does not require so complicated processing are made as separate members having different processing difficulties, for example. It is convenient because you can. This also leads to cost reduction due to the weight reduction of the cover member and the difficulty of processing.
Depending on the selection of the material, it may be possible to reduce the weight of the cover member.
For example, the cover plate can be a carbon fiber plate made of carbon fiber, which can also be a circular round plate.

The bar member may be in the form of a bar, and the cross-sectional shape is not limited. For example, the rod member may have a cylindrical shape, and the cross section may be equalized in all portions in the length direction. Assuming that the rod member may have a cylindrical shape, since there are various types of such cylindrical rods of various materials, the selection range is wide and procurement is easy. This also leads to a reduction in the manufacturing cost of the pressure vessel.
The rod member may be a carbon fiber rod made of carbon fiber. Since the carbon fiber rod is lighter than a metal metal rod, it contributes to weight reduction of the pressure vessel, and since it is strong against tensile force for its light weight, there is little possibility of adversely affecting the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel.

In the pressing portion, a surface of the rod member that contacts the insertion portion may correspond to a side shape of the insertion portion. If the rod member is a columnar shape, the surface of the pressing portion that contacts the side surface of the insertion portion of the rod member is curved along the side surface of the insertion portion. If it does in this way, the frictional resistance between a press part and the insertion part of a bar member will become large, and fixation with a bar member and a cover member will become firmer.
The part which contact | abuts the said insertion part of the said bar member among the surfaces which prescribe | regulate the said space part may be made into the thing corresponding to the side shape of the said insertion part. If the rod member has a cylindrical shape, the surface that contacts the side surface of the insertion portion of the rod member among the surfaces that define the space portion is curved along the side surface of the insertion portion. If it does in this way, the frictional resistance between the surface which prescribes | regulates a space part, and the insertion part of a bar member will become large, and fixation with a bar member and a cover member will become firmer.
The pressing member includes a plurality of the pressing portions that simultaneously contact the plurality of rod members, and the plurality of the rod members are collectively fixed to the cover member by the plurality of pressing portions. Good. As described above, it is troublesome to fix the bar members to the cover member one by one, and when fixing the bar members to the cover member one by one, each end of the bar member is simultaneously attached to the two cover members. If the part is not fixed, the rod member may be distorted. If a pressing member that can fix the plurality of rod members together to the cover member is employed, such a problem is eliminated, leading to simplification of the manufacturing process and reduction in cost. Of course, the pressing member may include a pressing portion that simultaneously contacts all the bar members, and all the bar members may be collectively fixed to the cover member.

The space portion is a notch provided in a peripheral edge portion of the cover member, and the pressing member is shaped along the peripheral edge portion of the cover member, and is combined in a state in which both end portions thereof are butted together. The pressing first member and the pressing second member are configured to surround the cover member, and the distance between both ends of the pressing first member and the pressing second member is variable. The insertion portion of the bar member is sandwiched between the first pressing member, the second pressing member, and the notch by making the distance between the two end portions close to each other. Good.
The pressing member is composed of a pressing first member and a pressing second member, and the insertion portion of the bar member is sandwiched between the pressing portion of the pressing member and the inner surface of the notch of the cover member by reducing the distance therebetween. In this case, the bar member can be fixed to the cover member only by executing a relatively simple manufacturing process of adjusting the distance between the first pressing member and the second pressing member.
In this case, the shape of the notch and the pressing member is not particularly limited as long as the insertion portion of the bar member can be clamped by them. For example, the space is a linear notch provided in the peripheral edge of the cover member, and the pressing first member and the pressing second member can be inserted into the notch. A pressing insertion member as the pressing portion extending from the inner surface of the pressing portion, and the pressing first member and the pressing second member include the pressing insertion member included in the pressing insertion member. In the state inserted in the notch, the rod member is moved between the front end of the pressing insertion member inserted in the notch and the notch by moving in the length direction of the notch and bringing them close to each other. The insertion portion may be clamped. By adopting such a bar-like or plate-like pressing part and a linear notch, it becomes possible to limit the direction in which the pressing part pushes the bar member to the length direction of the notch. It is possible to stably hold the insertion portion of the bar member with the inner surface of the notch. In particular, when the pressing portion has the same width as the linear notch, the effect is remarkable.

The space portion has a shape and a size such that the insertion portion of the bar member provided at the peripheral portion of the cover member can be inserted, and a gap is created in the insertion portion when the insertion portion is inserted. And the pressing member includes a pressing third member arranged on the opposite side of the cylindrical member of the cover member, which is shaped and sized to cover all of the holes. In addition, on the surface of the pressing third member on the cylinder member side, there is provided a protrusion that is a protrusion having a size and shape corresponding to the remaining space inside the hole in which the rod member is inserted. The distance between the pressing third member and the cover member is variable, and by bringing the pressing third member close to the cover member, the insertion portion of the rod member inserted into the hole is moved. The protrusions inserted into the holes and the holes It may be adapted to clamp between the face.
If it is a pressure-resistant container provided with such a press 3rd member, it will carry out a comparatively simple manufacturing process of adjusting the distance of a press 3rd member and a cover member, and will carry out a rod member with respect to a cover member. Can be fixed.
The protrusion and the hole may have a shape such that the sticking of the rod member by the protrusion and the hole becomes stronger as the protrusion enters the hole deeper. If the pressure vessel is provided with such a pressing third member, when the cover member is subjected to a force to move away from the tubular member, the cover member and the pressing third member are more firmly fixed. Thus, the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel is improved. In order to satisfy this condition for the protrusion and the hole, for example, the shape of the hole is the same shape in the depth direction of the hole, but the shape of the protrusion is a wedge shape whose base end side is thick. be able to.

Although the pressure vessel demonstrated above is not restricted to this, it is possible to apply to a seawater desalination apparatus. According to this, it becomes possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the seawater desalination apparatus without degrading the performance, and it is possible to reduce the weight depending on the selection of materials such as a rod member and a cover member. For example, in a relatively small seawater desalination apparatus such as used on a ship, the benefit of being light is significant.
Such a seawater desalination apparatus includes, for example, any one of the pressure-resistant containers described above, and a reverse osmosis membrane is provided in the pressure-resistant container. An inflow pipe having a pump for supplying the water at a high pressure and an outflow pipe for discharging the fresh water generated in the pressure vessel are connected.

The block diagram which shows roughly the whole structure of the seawater desalination apparatus containing the pressure vessel by 1st Embodiment. FIG. 2 is an overall perspective view of the pressure vessel shown in FIG. 1. Sectional drawing which shows the cylindrical member, cover board, and pressing board in the one end side of the pressure vessel shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows the pressing plate contained in the pressure vessel shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows the state which inserted the bar member in the circular insertion part in the notch of the holding plate shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows the press 1st member, volt | bolt, and nut which are contained in the pressure-resistant container shown in FIG. The expansion perspective view of the end surface vicinity of one bar member which shows the state by which the bar member was being fixed to the pressing board with the press member contained in the pressure vessel shown in FIG. Sectional drawing of the one end side of the pressure vessel by a modification. The perspective view which shows the one end side of the pressure vessel by 2nd Embodiment. FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a pressing plate and a pressing member of the pressure vessel shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a pressing plate and a pressing member of the pressure vessel shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 10 is a plan view of a pressure plate of the pressure vessel shown in FIG. 9. The top view which shows the state which inserted the bar member in the long hole in the holding plate of the pressure vessel shown in FIG. The perspective view which expands and shows the wedge protrusion in the press member of the pressure vessel shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, preferred first and second embodiments and modifications of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In 1st Embodiment, 2nd Embodiment, and a modification, suppose that the common code | symbol is attached | subjected to a common object and it shall abbreviate | omit common description depending on the case.

<< First Embodiment >>
Although the pressure vessel in 1st Embodiment is not restricted to this, It can apply to a seawater desalination apparatus. FIG. 1 schematically shows the overall configuration of the seawater desalination apparatus.

In FIG. 1, a range surrounded by a broken line is a seawater desalination apparatus.
The seawater desalination apparatus includes a pressure vessel 1. In addition, all the members which will be described later constituting the seawater desalination apparatus have been adopted in the conventional seawater desalination apparatus except for portions related to the bar member and cover member fixing method described later in the pressure vessel 1. Same as ok.
An inflow pipe 2 </ b> A is connected to the pressure vessel 1. The inflow pipe 2A is connected to the water intake pump 3 through several devices. The intake pump 3 is a pump for pumping up seawater. The intake pump 3 is connected to the first intake pipe 2B, and pumps up seawater through the first intake pipe 2B. Seawater pumped up by the intake pump 3 is supplied to the pressure vessel 1 through the inflow pipe 2A.
A first switching valve 4 is provided closer to the pressure vessel 1 than the intake pump 3 of the inflow pipe 2A. A second intake pipe 2 </ b> C is connected to the first switching valve 4. The first switching valve 4 includes an inflow pipe 2A between the pressure-resistant vessel 1 and the first switching valve 4, an inflow pipe 2A between the intake pump 3 and the first switching valve 4, and a second intake pipe 2C. A switchable valve for selective connection to either. The 2nd intake pipe 2C is a pipe | tube for drawing up fresh water, for example, the front-end | tip has reached the tank which is not shown which stored fresh water. When the first switching valve 4 connects the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A between the pressure-resistant container 1 and the first switching valve 4 to the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A between the intake pump 3 and the first switching valve 4, the pressure-resistant container Seawater will flow into 1. On the other hand, when the inflow pipe 2A between the pressure-resistant vessel 1 and the first switching valve 4 is connected to the second intake pipe 2C by the first switching valve 4, fresh water flows into the pressure-resistant vessel 1. . The reason why the fresh water can be supplied to the pressure vessel 1 is to allow the pressure vessel 1 and a filter to be described later to be washed with fresh water, as will be described later.
A filter 5 is provided closer to the pressure vessel 1 than the first switching valve 4 of the inflow pipe 2A. The filter 5 has a function of filtering the seawater pumped up by the water intake pump 3 and supplied to the pressure vessel 1 or the solid matter in fresh water pumped up by a pressure pump described later and supplied to the pressure vessel 1. In this embodiment, the number of the filters 5 is one, but it is of course possible to provide the filters 5 in multiple stages as is known or well known.
A pressure pump 6 is provided on the pressure vessel 1 side of the filter 5 of the inflow pipe 2A. The pressurizing pump 6 is for supplying seawater or fresh water to the pressure vessel 1 in a pressurized state. Further, when the fresh water is pumped up by the second intake pipe 2 </ b> C, the fresh water is drawn by the pressurizing pump 6.

The specific configuration of the pressure vessel 1 will be described in detail later. The pressure vessel 1 is hollow as will be described later, and basically contains seawater and clean water in the case of cleaning. It is supplied via 2A.
A reverse osmosis membrane 1 </ b> A is arranged inside the pressure vessel 1, thereby dividing the inside of the pressure vessel 1 into two. In FIG. 1, the reverse osmosis membrane 1A divides the pressure vessel 1 diagonally, but the arrangement of the reverse osmosis membrane 1A only shows the principle. It is sufficient if each of the two spaces separated by the reverse osmosis membrane 1A faces each of the second outflow pipes. For example, the reverse osmosis membrane 1A may be arranged at the base end connected to the pressure vessel 1 of the first outflow pipe described later.
In the pressure vessel 1, the space communicating with the second outflow pipe is also communicated with the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A. Except for cleaning, the space communicating with the second outflow pipe and the inflow pipe 2A in the pressure vessel 1 is filled with seawater. On the other hand, in the pressure vessel 1, the space communicating with the first outflow pipe is filled with fresh water whether or not cleaning is performed. That is, seawater and fresh water are present with the reverse osmosis membrane 1 </ b> A sandwiched in the pressure vessel 1 except during cleaning. As described above, a large pressure is applied to the seawater communicating with the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A by the pressurizing pump 6. Thereby, the fresh water in the seawater permeates into the fresh water side facing the seawater across the reverse osmosis membrane 1A by a known or well-known principle. Thereby, desalination of seawater will be realized. On the other hand, seawater becomes concentrated as its salinity increases.

As described above, the first outlet pipe 7A is connected to the pressure vessel 1. The first outflow pipe 7A is a pipe for discharging the fresh water generated in the pressure vessel 1 to the outside of the seawater desalination apparatus, and communicates with a space in the pressure vessel 1 that is always filled with fresh water.
The end of the first outlet pipe 7A on the side not connected to the pressure vessel 1 is generally connected to a tank (not shown) for storing fresh water. The fresh water generated in the pressure vessel 1 is sent to the tank via the first outflow pipe 7A. A second switching valve 8 is provided in the middle of the first outflow pipe 7A. A water quality inspection tube 7C is connected to the second switching valve 8. The second switching valve 8 includes a first outlet pipe 7A between the pressure-resistant vessel 1 and the second switching valve 8, a first outlet pipe 7A between the second switching valve 8 and the tank (not shown), It is a switchable valve for arbitrarily connecting to one of the water quality inspection tubes 7C. The fresh water generated in the pressure vessel 1 by the second switching valve 8 is sent to the tank via the first outflow pipe 7A connected to the tank or to the water quality inspection pipe 7C. The end of the water quality inspection tube 7C on the side not connected to the second switching valve 8 is connected to an unillustrated facility for water quality inspection of fresh water, where the fresh water is used for water quality inspection. ing. The equipment for water quality inspection may be extremely general, and the description thereof is omitted.
On the other hand, the second outlet pipe 7B is connected to the pressure vessel 1 as described above. The second outflow pipe 7 </ b> B is a pipe for discharging the concentrated seawater generated in the pressure vessel 1 to the outside of the seawater desalination apparatus, and is a space filled with seawater except when the pressure vessel 1 is washed. Communicated with. The end of the second outlet pipe 7B on the side not connected to the pressure vessel 1 is generally connected to a tank (not shown) for storing concentrated seawater. Concentrated seawater generated in the pressure vessel 1 is sent to the tank via the second outflow pipe 7B. A pressure valve 9 is provided in the middle of the second outflow pipe 7B. The pressure valve 9 is for allowing the concentrated seawater to pass from the pressure vessel 1 to a tank for storing the concentrated seawater, and the function of variably controlling the pressure of the concentrated seawater that can pass therethrough. have. Such a function of the pressure valve 9 determines the pressure on the seawater side in the pressure-resistant vessel 1 when seawater is desalinated. In addition, the pressure meter may be provided in the part from the pressure valve 9 or the pressure vessel 1 of the 2nd outflow pipe 7B. The pressure meter measures the pressure on the seawater side in the pressure vessel 1. The pressure valve 9 can be adjusted by the pressure on the seawater side measured by the pressure meter.

Next, the pressure vessel 1 will be described.
An overall perspective view of the pressure vessel 1 is shown in FIG.
The pressure vessel 1 includes a tubular member 100, two cover members 200, and a rod member 300 that connects the cover members 200 to each other.

The cylindrical member 100 has the same cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the axis at all portions in the length direction of the axis. Although not limited thereto, in this embodiment, the cylindrical member 100 has a cylindrical shape. Both ends of the cylindrical member 100 are open.
The material of the cylindrical member 100 is selected from those having a strength that can ensure the pressure resistance required for the pressure vessel 1. Moreover, since the cylinder member 100 is what makes seawater flow in into the inside, it is preferable also to have rust prevention property. The material of the pressure vessel 1 can be a metal, for example, stainless steel. Moreover, the raw material of the pressure vessel 1 can be carbon fiber. For example, a commercially available carbon fiber pipe can be applied as the cylindrical member 100, and by doing so, it is possible to reduce the weight of the pressure resistant container 1. The tubular member 100 may be a so-called composite product made of a plurality of materials. In this embodiment, although not limited to this, the cylinder member 100 is made of stainless steel.
Although not limited to this in this embodiment, a packing groove 101 is provided on the inner edge of the opening of the cylindrical member 100 as shown in FIG.

  In this embodiment, the cover member 200 includes a cover plate 210 and a pressing plate 220. The cover plate 210 and the pressing plate 220 may be integrated, but in this embodiment, both are separate members. An advantage of making both members different is that they can be made of different materials.

The cover plate 210 is a circular plate having a shape and size that fits exactly into the circular opening of the tubular member 100. The cover plate 210 is fitted into each of the openings at both ends of the tubular member 100. The material of the cover plate 210 can be selected from the same viewpoint as the cylindrical member 100, and can be selected from the same material as the cylindrical member 100. In this embodiment, although not limited to this, the cover plate 210 is made of a carbon fiber plate.
The cover plate 210 may be a simple disk, but is not limited to this, but in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a packing groove 211 is provided on the outer surface thereof.
The two cover plates 210 may be basically the same, but in this embodiment, they are different in the following points. In FIG. 1, two tubes 217 and 218 protrude from the cover plate 210 located on the front side. The pipe 217 is a pipe connected to the first outflow pipe 7A described above, and the pipe 218 is a pipe connected to the second outflow pipe 7B described above. On the other hand, although not shown, in FIG. 1, the cover plate located on the back side is provided with a pipe connected to the inflow pipe 2A. The two cover plates 210 are different in the above points.

The pressing plate 220 is an annular plate member in this embodiment. The pressing plate 220 is a plate for suppressing the movement of the cover plate 210 in the outward direction (the direction away from the tubular member 100). Therefore, the holding plate 220 is disposed on the outer side of each of the two cover plates 210. The material of the pressing plate 220 can be selected based on good workability. The pressing plate 220 can be made of metal, for example, stainless steel. Although not limited to this, in this embodiment, the pressing plate 220 is made of stainless steel.
The annular pressing plate 220 is arranged coaxially with the cylindrical member 100. The diameter of the inner edge of the pressing plate 220 is smaller than the diameter of the opening of the cylindrical member 100, and the diameter of the outer edge of the pressing plate 220 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical member 100. Thereby, the pressing plate 220 is configured such that a certain range of the inner edge covers the cover plate 210. In other words, the pressing plate 220 is configured such that a certain range of the inner edge thereof overlaps the cover plate 210 when viewed from the extending direction of the shaft of the cylindrical member 100. The cover plate 210 is prohibited from moving outward by being locked to the portion of the pressing plate 220 that overlaps the cover plate 210.
In addition, although the cover plate 210 is prohibited from moving outward only by the presence of the presser plate 220, it is not prohibited from moving inward of the tubular member 100 (a direction entering the inside of the tubular member 100). . Therefore, it is necessary to take some measures for prohibiting the inward movement of the cover plate 210. For example, it is necessary to fix the cover plate 210 to the tubular member 100. However, the direction of the force acting on the cover plate 210 when the seawater desalination apparatus is used is the outward direction. Therefore, if the cover plate 210 is reliably prevented from moving outward by the pressing plate 220, the cover plate 210 need not be fixed so strongly. The reverse osmosis membrane 1A described above is fixed inside the cylindrical member 100 by a known or well-known method. The cover plate 210 can be fixed to a member or the like used for fixing the reverse osmosis membrane 1A inside the cylindrical member 100 by a known or well-known appropriate method, and in this embodiment, this is the case.
As shown in FIG. 3, a packing groove 221 is provided on the inner side surface of the pressing plate 220. As described above, the packing groove 101 is provided in the cylindrical member 100, and the packing groove 211 is provided in the cover plate 210. The packing groove 221 is integrated with the packing groove 101 and the packing groove 211, has a circular cross section near the boundary between the cylindrical member 100, the cover plate 210, and the pressing plate 220, and near the opening of the cylindrical member 100. Form an annular hole along. A well-known or well-known packing P made of a material having elasticity, such as rubber, is fitted into the hole. The packing P is somewhat larger in thickness than the above-described cross-section of the annular hole, and is compressed in the hole to prevent seawater or fresh water from leaking out from the pressure vessel 1.

As described above, the diameter of the outer edge of the pressing plate 220 is larger than the diameter of the outer periphery of the tubular member 100. Therefore, a certain range of the outer edge of the pressing plate 220 is in a state of protruding from the outer periphery of the cylindrical member 100. Here, a rod-shaped rod member 300 is attached.
In order to fix the bar member 300 to the holding plate 220, a hole or a notch is used. The difference between the hole and the notch is distinguished by whether or not the space formed inside the hole or notch reaches (or communicates with) the outer edge of the retainer plate 220 when the retainer plate 220 is viewed in plan view. The When the space reaches the outer edge of the pressing plate 220, it is a notch, and when the space does not reach the outer edge of the pressing plate 220, it is a hole.
In the first embodiment, the space is defined by the notch 222. The bar member 300 is inserted into this space as will be described later.
As shown in FIG. 4, which is an enlarged perspective view of the pressing plate 220, there are eight notches 222 in this embodiment. Each notch 222 includes a straight linear groove portion 222A and a circular insertion portion 222B having a circular bulge shape communicating with the linear groove portion 222A at its tip. In this embodiment, the cross section of each notch 222 in the thickness direction of the pressing plate 220 is equal in all portions. The straight groove 222A has the same width in all the lengthwise portions. The circle (part of) drawn by the circle insertion part 222B is a part of a circle whose diameter is larger than the width of the linear groove part 222A. The diameter of the circle drawn by the circle insertion part 222 </ b> B is equal to the diameter of the rod member 300.
In this embodiment, although not limited thereto, the center positions of the circular insertion portions 222B of the eight notches 222 are positioned at equal intervals on a virtual circle concentric with the center of the annular holding plate 220. It is like that. Moreover, although not restricted to this, in this embodiment, all the eight notches 222 are parallel. More specifically, the length directions of the straight groove portions 222A of the eight notches 222 are all parallel to each other. Although not limited to this, in this embodiment, all the eight notches 222 are configured such that the center of the circular insertion portion 222B is on the extension of the center line in the width direction.

The rod member 300 is a rod-shaped member and plays a role of fixing the distance between the two pressing plates 220. Although not limited to this, the cross section perpendicular | vertical to the length direction is made the same in all the parts of the length direction of the rod member 300 in this embodiment. Although not limited to this, the rod member 300 in this embodiment has a cylindrical shape. The material of the bar member 300 can be selected from the same viewpoint as the cylindrical member 100, and can be selected from the same material as the cylindrical member 100. Another property required of the bar member 300 is that it is strong in the tensile force in the length direction (it is difficult to be deformed even if the tensile force is applied). In this embodiment, although not limited to this, the rod member 300 is a so-called carbon rod made of carbon fiber.
Although not limited to this, eight rod members 300 are used in this embodiment. The lengths of the bar members 300 are all the same. Of course, the number of bar members 300 corresponds to the number of notches 222 provided in one pressing plate 220. Although only one of the two pressing plates 220 is shown in FIG. 5, each rod member 300 has a circular insertion portion 222 </ b> B at a notch 222 provided in the pressing plate 220 at both ends in the length direction. Inserted into. Although not limited to this, the rod member 300 in this embodiment has its end face flush with the outer flat surface of the pressing plate 220 when its end is inserted into the circular insertion portion 222B. The length has been adjusted. Of course, the length of the rod member 300 may be slightly longer or shorter than that. However, when the rod member 300 is made shorter than the above length, the frictional resistance described later becomes small, so there is not much profit. When the member 300 is made longer than the above length, the portion protruding from the outer surface of the pressing plate 220 may interfere with something in the external environment, so that there is not much benefit.
The eight rod members 300 are all parallel to the axis of the cylindrical member 100 in a state where both ends thereof are respectively inserted into the circular insertion portions 222B of the presser plates 220 arranged in parallel. As such, the positional relationship between the two pressing plates 220 is mutually adjusted. Further, in the state in which the eight rod members 300 are inserted into the circular insertion portion 222B, the width of the straight groove portion 222A is smaller than the diameter of the circular insertion portion 222B. However, it does not fall out of the notch 222 through the straight groove 222A.
Of the bar member 300, the portion inserted into the circular insertion portion 222B, that is, the portion corresponding to the length corresponding to the thickness of the pressing plate 220 from the end surface of the bar member 300 is the present invention. It hits the insertion part.

As described above, the rod members 300 inserted into the circular insertion portions 222B of the presser plate 220 arranged at both ends in parallel as described above are fixed to the presser plate 220 as follows.
The bar member 300 is fixed to the pressing plate 220 using a pressing member 400 as described below. In 1st Embodiment, the press member 400 is made into the shape in alignment with the peripheral part of the press plate 220 which comprises a part of cover member 200, The press plate 220 is combined by the state which those both ends faced together. It consists of two members surrounded, that is, a pressing first member 410 and a pressing second member 420. Since the pressing plate 220 is annular, both the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 are substantially semicircular.
Since the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 are in a mirror image relationship, the configuration of the pressing first member 410 will be described as an example.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing only the first pressing member 410 and only the bolt 430 and the nut 440 for connecting the first pressing member 410 and the second pressing member 420.
The first pressing member 410 includes a semicircular bow 411 and fixing portions 412 provided at both ends thereof. The thickness of the bow portion 411 (the length in the depth direction in FIG. 6) is not limited to this, but in this embodiment, it substantially matches the thickness of the pressing plate 220. Although not shown, the fixing portion 412 is provided with a hole through which the bolt 430 passes. On the inner side of the arc of the semicircular bow part 411, a convex part 413 having a thickness matching the thickness of the bow part 411 is provided. The length of each convex portion 413 is slightly longer than the length of the above-described linear groove portion 222 </ b> A in the pressing plate 220, and the width thereof substantially matches the width of the pressing plate 220. Each protrusion 413 is provided in a number corresponding to half the number of the notches 222 described above, and is four in this embodiment. The convex portion 413 has a rod shape or a plate shape depending on the relationship between the thickness and the width.
As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 7, an arcuately curved surface is formed at the tip of the convex portion 413. This arc is a part of the arc, and its diameter is equal to the diameter of the bar member 300.

The pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 are arranged so that their bow portions 411 are along the periphery of the pressing plate 220 and the two fixing portions 412 included in them are butted against each other. The At this time, the convex portions 413 of the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 are inserted into the linear groove portions 222 </ b> A of the four adjacent notches 222 provided around the pressing plate 220. Each convex portion 413 is provided inside the bow portion 411 at a position where it can be inserted into the notch 222. As described above, since the width of the convex portion 413 substantially matches the width of the pressing plate 220, the convex portion 413 can be inserted into the linear groove portion 222A in a stable state guided by the linear groove portion 222A. . As described above, since the thickness of the bow portion 411 substantially matches the thickness of the pressing plate 220, it is possible to prevent the convex portion 413 from projecting from both sides of the pressing plate 220. The form is going to do so.
At this time, the rod member 300 has already been inserted into the circular insertion portion 222B.
The pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 are provided on the fixing portion 412 of the pressing first member 410 in a state where the two fixing portions 412 included in the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 are abutted with each other with a slight gap therebetween. The nuts 440 are screwed together into bolts 430 penetrating through a hole (not shown) and a hole (not shown) provided in the fixing portion 412 of the second pressing member 420, so that the nuts 440 are fixed to each other. By changing the degree to which the nut 440 is screwed onto the bolt 430, the distance between the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 (the width of the gap described above) can be adjusted.
By causing the nuts 440 to be screwed into the bolts 430 more strongly, the distance between the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 becomes closer. Then, the convex portion 413 provided in each of the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 advances in the straight groove portion 222A of the notch 222 provided in the pressing plate 220 toward the circular insertion portion 222B. go. Eventually, the tip surface of the convex portion 413 comes into contact with the side surface of the insertion portion of the rod member 300 inserted into the circular insertion portion 222B. As described above, a curved surface corresponding to the side shape of the rod member 300 is formed at the tip of the convex portion 413. This curved surface forms a circular hole having a circular cross section that surrounds the entire insertion portion of the bar member 300 in combination with the inner surface of the circular insertion portion 222B described above (see FIG. 7).
By inserting the nut 440 more strongly into both the bolts 430, the insertion portion of the bar member 300 can have the above-described curved surface at the tip of the convex portion 413 of the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420, It is strongly clamped between the inner surface of the circular insertion part 222B in the notch 222 provided in the pressing plate 220. In other words, the insertion portion of the bar member 300 includes the above-described curved surface at the tip of the convex portion 413 of the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 and the circular insertion portion 222B of the notch 222 provided in the pressing plate 220. The entirety of the insertion portion of the bar member 300 described above formed by the inner surface is tightened by a circular hole having a circular cross section. At this time, since the eight convex portions 413 simultaneously contact the eight rod members 300, the eight rod members 300 strengthen the screwing of the bolts 430 and the nuts 440 for each combination of the bolts 430 and the nuts 440 on one side. In this case, at least several of the holes having a circular cross section are fixed together.
Thereby, the side surface of the insertion part of the bar member 300 is the above-described curved surface at the tip of the convex part 413 of the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 and the circular insertion part in the notch 222 provided in the pressing plate 220. It will receive a strong frictional resistance from the inner surface of 222B, and it will not come out of the hole with the circular cross section.
In this way, both ends of each bar member 300 are fixed to the two pressing plates 220. As a result, the distance between the two pressing plates 220 is fixed to a length corresponding to the length of the bar member 300, and even if a tensile force is applied to the bar member 300, the length of the bar member 300 is not increased. The distance remains unchanged. That is, even if a large force is applied to the space surrounded by the cylindrical member 100 and the two cover members 200 of the pressure vessel 1, it is difficult to generate a gap between the two cover plates 210 and the cylindrical member 100. Means that. That is, the pressure vessel 1 has high pressure resistance.

The usage method and operation | movement of the seawater desalination apparatus containing the above pressure-resistant containers 1 are demonstrated. However, the usage and operation of the pressure vessel 1 is the same as that of the conventional seawater desalination apparatus, except that the pressure vessel 1 is characterized. Briefly described.
First, seawater is desalinated.
Seawater is pumped up by the intake pump 3 through the first intake pipe 2B. Seawater reaches the first switching valve 4 via the inflow pipe 2A, and further reaches the filter 5 via the inflow pipe 2A. Solid matter in the sea water is filtered and removed by the filter 5. The seawater from which the solid matter has been removed further proceeds in the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A and reaches the pressurizing pump 6. Seawater reaches the inside of the pressure vessel 1 through the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A in a state where the pressure is increased by the pressurizing pump 6. The pressure of the seawater is appropriately maintained by adjusting the pressure valve 9.
Seawater contacts the reverse osmosis membrane 1 </ b> A in the pressure vessel 1. Since high pressure is applied to the seawater, the fresh water in the seawater permeates the reverse osmosis membrane 1A and moves to the fresh water side. As a result, seawater is concentrated.
The fresh water generated in the pressure vessel 1 is discharged from the first outflow pipe 7A. When desalinating seawater, fresh water is usually stored in the tank toward a tank (not shown) for storing fresh water through the second switching valve 8 and further through the first outflow pipe 7A.
However, when a test on the quality of the fresh water is necessary, the second switching valve 8 is switched, and the fresh water is sent via the water quality inspection tube 7C to an appropriate facility or equipment for use in the water quality inspection.
On the other hand, the concentrated seawater goes to the pressure valve 9 via the second outflow pipe 7B. Then, it passes through the pressure valve 9 and further toward the tank (not shown) for storing the concentrated seawater through the second outflow pipe 7B. Such a tank may be omitted, and the concentrated seawater may be discharged to an external system.

Next, cleaning will be described.
The fresh water is pumped up by the pressurizing pump 6 through the second intake pipe 2C. The fresh water reaches the first switching valve 4 via the second intake pipe 2C, and further reaches the filter 5 via the inflow pipe 2A. Since fresh water usually does not contain solid content, it passes through the filter 5 as it is. The fresh water that has passed through the filter 5 further proceeds in the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A and reaches the pressurizing pump 6. The fresh water reaches the inside of the pressure vessel 1 through the inflow pipe 2 </ b> A in a state where the pressure is increased by the pressurizing pump 6. The fresh water reaches a space filled with seawater when the seawater in the pressure vessel 1 is desalinated. The pressure of fresh water in the space that does not pass through the reverse osmosis membrane 1 </ b> A is appropriately maintained by adjusting the pressure valve 9.
The fresh water is in contact with the reverse osmosis membrane 1A in the pressure vessel 1. Since high pressure is applied to the fresh water, a part of it penetrates the reverse osmosis membrane 1A.
The fresh water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane 1A in the pressure vessel 1 is discharged from the first outflow pipe 7A. The subsequent operation of this fresh water is the same as that when desalinating seawater.
Since normal water quality inspection is not performed at the time of washing, such fresh water is not normally sent to the water quality inspection tube 7C.
On the other hand, the fresh water that has not passed through the reverse osmosis membrane 1A goes to the pressure valve 9 via the second outflow pipe 7B. The subsequent operation of this fresh water is the same as that when desalinating seawater.

<Modification>
A pressure vessel 1 of a modification will be described.
The pressure vessel 1 of the modification is almost the same as the pressure vessel 1 described in the first embodiment, and can be applied to the seawater desalination apparatus as described in the first embodiment.
The difference between the pressure vessel 1 of the modification and the pressure vessel 1 of the first embodiment is only the following points.
In the pressure-resistant container 1 of the first embodiment, the notch 222 provided in the pressing plate 220 reaches the entire area of the pressing plate 220 in the thickness direction. In other words, although the word “penetration” may be slightly inaccurate, each notch 222 penetrates the pressing plate 220 in both the straight groove 222A and the circular insertion portion 222B.
On the other hand, the notch 222 in the pressure-resistant container 1 of the modified example extends only to a certain range from the inner surface of the pressing plate 220 as shown in FIG. 8, and the circular groove 222A also has a circular insertion portion 222B. Also, the presser plate 220 is not penetrated. That is, the notch 222 of the modified example is a notch having a depth smaller than the thickness of the pressing plate 220. The cross section in the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the pressing plate 220 in the portion where the notch 222 exists in the modified example is any portion in the thickness direction of the pressing plate 220 in the straight groove portion 222A and the circular insertion portion 222B. The cross section can be the same as that of the first embodiment.
In the case of the modified example, the bar member 300 is inserted into the circular insertion portion 222B of the notch 222 as in the case of the first embodiment. However, unlike the case of the first embodiment, the rod member 300 cannot penetrate the circular insertion portion 222B, and the end portion of the rod member 300 abuts on the surface that can be said to be the bottom of the circular insertion portion 222B.
As in the case of the first embodiment, the insertion part, which is the portion inserted into the circular insertion part 222B of the rod member 300, has the first pressing member 410 and the pressing second member configured almost the same as in the case of the first embodiment. The pressing member 400 including the two members 420 is used to fix the pressing plate 220. However, the configurations of the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 of the modification are slightly different from those in the first embodiment.
The pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 in the modification include a bow part 411 and a fixing part 412 that are completely the same as those of the first embodiment. Further, the pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 can be fixed by the bolt 430 and the nut 440 as in the case of the first embodiment. The pressing first member 410 and the pressing second member 420 include a convex portion 413 that plays the same role as in the first embodiment. The convex portion 413 differs from the convex portion 413 in the first embodiment only in the thickness. The thickness corresponds to the depth of the notch 222 of the pressing plate 220 described above.

<< Second Embodiment >>
The pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment will be described.
The pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment is almost the same as the pressure vessel 1 described in the first embodiment, and can be applied to the seawater desalination apparatus as described in the first embodiment.
The pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the pressure vessel 1 of the first embodiment.
The pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment also has two cover members whose distances are kept constant by connecting the two cover members 200 to both ends of the plurality of rod members 300, respectively. The cylindrical member 100 is clamped by 200.
The difference between the pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment and the pressure vessel 1 of the first embodiment is the structure used for fixing the cover member 200 and the rod member 300, and the other points are different. There is no.

9 is a perspective view of one end side of the pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment, FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the cover member 200 of the pressure vessel 1 (viewed from the outside of the cover member 200), and FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the cover member 200 of the pressure resistant container 1 (viewed from the inside of the cover member 200).
The cover member 200 of the second embodiment is composed of a cover plate 210 and a pressing plate 220 as in the case of the first embodiment. In the pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment, a pressing member having the same function as that of the pressing member 400 in the first embodiment is used to fix the bar member 300 to the cover plate 210. . The cover plate 210 in the second embodiment may be the same as in the first embodiment, and in the second embodiment. On the other hand, the configurations of the pressing plate 220 and the pressing member in the second embodiment are different from those in the first embodiment.
In this embodiment, at least one of the pressing plate 220 and the pressing member is made of a material containing resin, for example. The material is, for example, FRP which is a fiber reinforced resin, GFRP which is a glass fiber reinforced resin, or CFRP which is a carbon fiber reinforced resin. Although not limited thereto, in this embodiment, both the pressing plate 220 and the pressing member are made of CFRP.

As shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12, which is a plan view of the presser plate 220, the presser plate 220 in the second embodiment has a notch 222 present in the presser plate 220 in the first embodiment. do not do. Instead, the pressing plate 220 of the second embodiment includes a long hole 231 that is a hole. In this embodiment, eight long holes 231 are provided around the annular holding plate 220. Each of the eight long holes 231 is used for fixing 3001 rod members. Although each slot 231 is not restricted to this, in this embodiment, it is provided at equal intervals. The number of long holes 231 corresponds to the number of rod members 300. That is, the pressure vessel 1 of the second embodiment includes eight rod members 300 as in the case of the first embodiment.
The long hole 231 passes through the holding plate 220. The cross section perpendicular to the thickness direction is the same in all portions of the pressing plate 220 in the thickness direction. Although the long hole 231 is not limited to this, the long hole 231 is curved along the circumferential curve of the annular pressing plate 220. One end side of the long hole 231 is rounded. The curve on one end side of the rounded long hole 231 corresponds to an arc that is a part of a circle having a certain diameter. The circle of a certain diameter described above corresponding to the rounded portion of the arc on the one end side of the long hole 231 coincides with the cross section of the bar member 300. Therefore, when the end portion of the rod member 300 is inserted into the end portion on the rounded side in the length direction of the long hole 231, a certain range on the rounded side of the long hole 231 is the insertion portion of the rod member 300. It will be along the side of (Fig. 13).
On the other hand, screw holes 232 are provided between adjacent long holes 231. The screw hole 232 is a hole having a thread groove formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof. The screw hole 232 is used for fixing a pressing third member to be described later to the pressing plate 220. In this embodiment, the number of the screw holes 232 is eight, but the number of the screw holes 232 is not limited to this, and the number is necessary to fix the pressing third member to the pressing plate 220. Can do.

The pressing member in the second embodiment is embodied as a pressing third member 470.
The pressing third member 430 includes an annular ring portion 471 having substantially the same size as the annular holding plate 220. The annular portion 471 is intended to attach a wedge projection 472, which will be described later, and to fix the wedge projection 472 to the holding plate 220. The annular portion 471 satisfies the purpose and the tube 417 in the cover plate 210 described above. If the condition of not interfering with 418 or the like is satisfied, the shape does not need to be an annular shape.
A wedge protrusion 472 is provided on the surface of the annular portion 471 on the holding plate 220 side. The wedge protrusion 472 is a protrusion having a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a portion of the long hole 231 shown in FIG. 13 that is not occupied by the rod member 300. As shown in FIG. 14 which is an enlarged perspective view of the wedge protrusion 472 when only the wedge protrusion 472 is viewed from the annular portion 471 side, the cross section gradually increases as it approaches the annular portion 471 side. Is configured to do. Although not limited to this, in this embodiment, the cross section of the portion of the wedge protrusion 472 that contacts the annular portion 471 is occupied by the rod member 300 in the space in the long hole 231 shown in FIG. It is designed to be one size larger than the non-existing part.
On the other hand, the annular portion 471 is provided with a through hole 473 that passes through the annular portion 471. When the third pressing member 470 is stacked on the pressing plate 220, eight through-holes 473 are positioned in positions corresponding to the above-described screw holes 232 provided in the pressing plate 220, and eight through holes 473 are formed in the annular portion 471. Is provided. The diameter of the through hole 473 is the same as or slightly larger than the diameter of the screw hole 232.

A method of fixing the bar member 300 to the pressing plate 220 using the above pressing third member 470 is as follows.
First, as shown in FIG. 13, the end of the bar member 300 is inserted into each long hole 231 of the presser plate 220. Next, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the pressing third member 470 is brought close to the outside of the pressing plate 220. Then, when the pressing plate 220 is further brought closer to the pressing third member 470 from the state shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the eight wedge protrusions 472 provided on the pressing third member 470 are provided on the eight pressing plates 220. Of the space inside the long hole 231, it is inserted into a portion not occupied by the bar member 300.
Then, the tips of the eight bolts 480 that have passed through the through holes 473 provided in the annular portion 471 of the pressing third member 470 are at positions corresponding to the through holes 473 through which the bolts 480 have passed. The screw hole 232 provided in the pressing plate 220 is screwed. When the bolt 480 is screwed into the screw hole 232 more strongly, the pressing third member 470 comes closer to the pressing plate 220. As described above, the cross-section of the wedge protrusion 472 gradually increases as it approaches the annular portion 471 side. In other words, the wedge protrusion 472 is configured in a wedge shape as a whole. ing. The cross section of the portion of the wedge protrusion 472 that contacts the annular portion 471 is made larger than the portion of the space in the long hole 231 shown in FIG. 13 that is not occupied by the rod member 300. Therefore, the entire wedge protrusion 472 does not enter the long hole 231, and the annular portion 471 does not contact the holding plate 220 (see FIG. 9). However, when the bolt 480 is sufficiently advanced with respect to the screw hole 232, the side surface of the insertion portion of the bar member 300 is surrounded by the wedge protrusion 472 and the rounded portion of the long hole 231 from all directions. It will be surrounded.
At this time, since the eight wedge protrusions 472 simultaneously contact the eight rod members 300, the eight rod members 300 can be screwed into the screw holes 232 one by one. At least several of them are fixed together in a hole having a circular cross section. Depending on the design, the third pressing member 470 is brought closer to the pressing plate 220 so that the eight wedge protrusions 472 enter the eight long holes 231 without screwing any bolt 480 into the screw hole 232 (see FIG. All of the eight rod members 300 can be temporarily fixed to the holding plate 220 (simply fixed so as not to be released) simply by arranging them in a stack.
In this way, the rod member 300 sandwiched between the wedge protrusion 472 and the long hole 231 has the side surface of the insertion portion thereof in contact with the rod member 300 of the wedge protrusion 472 and the long hole 231. The cover member 200 is fixed by the frictional force received from the side surface. In particular, the wedge shaped wedge increases as the internal pressure of the pressure vessel 1 increases and the cover member 200, in this embodiment, more specifically, the force to move the cover plate 210 from the cylindrical member 100 to the outside works strongly. The inner surfaces of the protrusions 472 and the long holes 231 hold the rod member 300 more strongly, and the frictional resistance between the inner surfaces of the wedge-shaped wedge protrusions 472 and the long holes 231 and the side surfaces of the rod member 300 is increased. This contributes to improving the pressure resistance performance of the pressure vessel 1. Note that the shape of the wedge protrusion 472 is not limited to this, and if the shape is such that when both are inserted into the elongated hole 231 deeper and the rod member 300 is sandwiched more strongly, the wedge member 472 is formed on the cover member 200. The effect that the wedge projection 472 and the inner surface of the long hole 231 are more strongly held by the rod member 300 as the force to move outward from the cylindrical member 100 is exerted. Of course, the size and shape of the elongated hole 231 and the wedge protrusion 472 can be made to correspond with accuracy so that such an effect is not required, and if the required pressure resistance is still obtained, the shape of the wedge protrusion 472 is wedge-shaped. However, the cross section in the length direction of the wedge protrusion 472 may be the same in any portion.
In this embodiment, in particular, the pressing third member 470 is made of a material containing resin. The wedge protrusion 472 and the rod member 300 are made to slightly deform the wedge protrusion 472 inserted into the long hole 231. The aim is to increase the frictional resistance between the two by making them more closely contact. Such an effect cannot be expected so much when the pressing third member 470 is made of a metal such as stainless steel. However, if at least one of the pressing third member 470 and the pressing plate 220 is made of a material containing resin, the above-described effect can be obtained. You can expect.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pressure-resistant container 1A Reverse osmosis membrane 2A Inflow pipe 7A 1st outflow pipe 100 Cylindrical member 200 Cover member 210 Cover plate 220 Presser plate 222 Notch 222A Straight groove part 222B Circular insertion part 231 Long hole 232 Screw hole 300 Bar member 400 Press member 410 Pressing first member 411 Bow portion 412 Fixing portion 413 Protruding portion 420 Pressing second member 430 Bolt 440 Nut 470 Pressing third member 471 Ring portion 472 Wedge protrusion 473 Through hole

Claims (12)

A cylindrical tube member in which a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the axis of which both ends are open is equal in all parts in the length direction of the shaft;
A plate-shaped cover member that covers both ends of the cylindrical member, and the periphery of the cylindrical member protrudes from both ends;
A plurality of bar members that are linear bar-shaped and are arranged to extend from one to the other cover member;
And having
Both of the peripheral portions of the two cover members are provided with a space portion that is a notch or a hole that forms a space into which the end portion of the bar member is inserted, and
Abuts against an insertion portion that is a portion inserted into the space portion at both ends of each of the plurality of rod members, and presses the insertion portion against the inner surface of the space portion so as to be sandwiched between the inner surface of the space portion. A pressing member having a pressing portion;
By fixing the insertion portions and the cover members at both ends of the plurality of rod members by frictional resistance between the inner surface of the space portion and the pressing portion and the insertion portions of the rod members, The distance of the cover member is fixed to a predetermined specific distance.
Pressure vessel. Both of the two cover members cover at least the cover plate having a size covering the opening of the cylindrical member, and at least cover the outer periphery of the cover plate from the opposite side of the cylindrical member, and have an annular shape protruding from the outer periphery of the cover plate. It consists of a holding plate,
The space portion is provided in a portion protruding from the outer periphery of the cover plate of the pressing plate,
The pressure vessel according to claim 1. The bar member has a cylindrical shape, and its cross section is made equal in all parts in its length direction.
The pressure vessel according to claim 1. The rod member is a carbon fiber rod made of carbon fiber.
The pressure vessel according to claim 1 or 3. The pressing portion has a surface in contact with the insertion portion of the rod member corresponding to a side shape of the insertion portion.
The pressure vessel according to claim 1 or 3. The portion of the surface that defines the space portion that comes into contact with the insertion portion of the bar member corresponds to the side shape of the insertion portion.
The pressure vessel according to claim 1, 3 or 5. The space is a notch provided in a peripheral edge of the cover member,
The pressing member has a shape along the peripheral edge of the cover member, and a first pressing member and a second pressing member that surround the cover member by combining the two end portions with each other. Consists of
The distance between both ends of the first pressing member and the second pressing member is variable, and the first pressing member and the second pressing member are moved closer to each other. The insertion portion of the bar member is sandwiched between two members and the notch,
The pressure vessel according to claim 1. The space portion is a linear notch provided in a peripheral portion of the cover member and parallel to each other,
The first pressing member and the second pressing member include a pressing insertion member as the pressing portion that is formed in a bar shape or a plate shape extending from an inner surface of the notch so as to be inserted into the notch,
The first pressing member and the second pressing member are moved in the length direction of the notch in a state in which the pressing insertion member included in the pressing second member is inserted into the notch, and is brought close to each other. The insertion portion of the bar member is sandwiched between the tip of the pressing insertion member inserted into the notch and the notch,
The pressure vessel according to claim 7. The space portion has a shape and a size such that the insertion portion of the bar member provided at the peripheral portion of the cover member can be inserted, and a gap is created in the insertion portion when the insertion portion is inserted. It ’s a hole
The pressing member is provided with a pressing third member arranged on the opposite side of the cylindrical member of the cover member, which has a shape and size capable of covering all of the holes,
On the surface of the pressing third member on the cylinder member side, a protrusion that is a protrusion having a size and shape corresponding to the remaining space inside the hole in which the rod member is inserted is provided.
The distance between the pressing third member and the cover member is variable, and by bringing the pressing third member close to the cover member, the insertion portion of the rod member inserted into the hole is It is designed to be sandwiched between the protrusion inserted into the hole and the inner surface of the hole.
The pressure vessel according to claim 1. The protrusion and the hole have a shape such that the deeper the protrusion enters the hole, the stronger the pinching of the rod member by the protrusion and the hole is.
The pressure vessel according to claim 9. The pressing member includes a plurality of the pressing portions that simultaneously contact the plurality of rod members, and the plurality of the rod members are collectively fixed to the cover member by the plurality of pressing portions.
The pressure vessel according to claim 1. The pressure vessel according to claim 1 is provided, and a reverse osmosis membrane is provided in the pressure vessel, and seawater is supplied to the pressure vessel at a high pressure. An inflow pipe having a pump and an outflow pipe for discharging fresh water generated in the pressure vessel are connected.
Seawater desalination equipment.

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