JP6323012B2 - Rotating electrical machine and control device for rotating electrical machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine and a control device for the rotating electrical machine.

Conventionally, in a general rotating electrical machine, the induced voltage generated in the armature coil increases as the rotational speed increases, and the maximum rotational speed is suppressed by this induced voltage. If the configuration is such that the induced voltage in the high rotation range is reduced so that the maximum rotation speed becomes higher, the torque in the low rotation range will be reduced. In addition, when the torque is increased in the low rotation range, the maximum rotation speed is suppressed.
Therefore, in recent years, the amount of magnetic flux is made variable by using a field weakening, etc., and the amount of magnetic flux is increased in the low rotation range to ensure higher torque, and the amount of magnetic flux is decreased in the high rotation range to reduce the induced voltage. Various rotating electrical machines that can increase the maximum rotational speed have been proposed.
In particular, a rotating electrical machine for driving a vehicle is required that is smaller and lighter, has a high torque in a low rotational range, and can rotate to a higher rotational speed in a high rotational range.

For example, in Patent Document 1, a rotor core having a permanent magnet and a stator having a stator core wound with a stator winding are coupled to the rotor along the rotation axis direction in a space between the rotor core and the stator core. A permanent magnet motor and a washing machine are described in which a rotating cylindrical short-circuit magnetic path area variable member is turned in and out so that the amount of magnetic flux for the field of the permanent magnet is variable.
Further, the examples shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B are schematic views of the connection state of the armature coils of the rotating electric machine showing an example of a conventional winding switching method for making the amount of magnetic flux variable. 16 (A) shows the connection state of the armature coils at the time of low rotation, and FIG. 16 (B) shows the connection state of the armature coils at the time of high rotation. A switch S101L is provided between the end of the armature coil 101 and the end of the armature coil 102, and a switch S102L is provided between the end of the armature coil 102 and the end of the armature coil 103. The switch S103L is provided between the end of the armature coil 103 and the end of the armature coil 101. Further, a switch S101H is provided between an intermediate position of the armature coil 101 and an intermediate position of the armature coil 102, and a switch is provided between the intermediate position of the armature coil 102 and the intermediate position of the armature coil 103. S102H is provided, and a switch S103H is provided between an intermediate position of the armature coil 103 and an intermediate position of the armature coil 101. At low speed, as shown in FIG. 16A, the switches S101L to S103L are short-circuited, the switches S101H to S103H are opened, and high torque is secured using the entire armature coils. Yes. In addition, at the time of high rotation, as shown in FIG. 16B, the switches S101L to S103L are opened and the switches S101H to S103H are short-circuited, and each armature coil is used halfway to reduce the amount of magnetic flux. In this way, the induced voltage is reduced so that it can be rotated to a higher rotational speed.

JP 2004-357357 A

In the structure of Patent Document 1, the short-circuit magnetic path area variable member is configured to vary the magnetic flux amount of the permanent magnet of the rotor, so that the rotor and the short-circuit magnetic path area variable member rotate together. It is configured. Moreover, since it is necessary to enable movement in the direction of the rotation axis while rotating the short-circuit magnetic path area variable member together with the rotor, the structure for rotating the short-circuit magnetic path area variable member and the rotation axis direction are moved. The structure becomes complicated.
In addition, the conventional winding switching structure shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B can have only two patterns, a low rotation high torque type and a high rotation low torque type. (Characteristic T2 shown in FIG. 10) is switched intermittently. Therefore, there is a possibility that a shock may occur due to a torque fluctuation or the like before and after switching, which is not preferable. In addition, a useless portion of the armature coil is generated at the time of high rotation.
The present invention was devised in view of the above points, and has a simpler structure and ensures high torque in the low rotation range without intermittently switching the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine, and from the low rotation range. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotating electrical machine that can secure a wider rotational range up to a high rotational range, and a control device that controls the rotating electrical machine.

In order to solve the above problems, the rotating electrical machine and the control device for the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention take the following means.
First, a first invention of the present invention comprises a rotor that is rotatably supported around a predetermined rotation axis and has a rotor magnet that is a different magnetic pole in the circumferential direction, and is coaxial with the rotor. The armature is arranged radially outward with respect to the rotor so that each of the plurality of magnetic teeth around which the armature coil is wound faces the outer peripheral surface of the rotor. It is a rotary electric machine which has the armature arrange | positioned in a direction, and the magnetic flux adjustment valve provided in the clearance gap between the said magnetic material teeth adjacent in the circumferential direction.
The magnetic flux adjusting valve is capable of adjusting the amount of magnetic flux reaching from one magnetic tooth to the other magnetic tooth through the magnetic flux adjusting valve in the adjacent magnetic teeth, and is adjacent in the circumferential direction. A plurality of magnetic flux adjusting members which are arranged in the gaps of the magnetic teeth and have a magnetic material at least in part and are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction; And a holding member formed of a non-magnetic material, and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape and is held coaxially with respect to the armature without co-rotating with the rotor and with respect to the armature And reciprocally held along the direction of the rotation shaft.
The portions of the magnetic teeth facing the rotor include a circumferential convex portion projecting in the circumferential direction having a first predetermined length in the direction of the rotational shaft, and the rotational shaft. The circumferential direction concave portions recessed in the circumferential direction with respect to the circumferential convex portion in the circumferential direction are alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation axis. Has been.
Each of the magnetic flux adjusting members has a magnetic body portion having a length in the direction of the rotation shaft that is the first predetermined length and formed of a magnetic body, and a length in the direction of the rotation shaft is the first length. 2 Non-magnetic body portions having a predetermined length and formed of a non-magnetic body are alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation axis.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the magnetic material teeth adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are held coaxially with the armature without rotating together with the rotor, and are substantially reciprocable in the rotation axis direction with respect to the armature. It has a cylindrical magnetic flux adjustment valve.
The amount of interlinkage magnetic flux with the armature coil can be adjusted by reciprocating in the direction of the rotation axis of the magnetic flux adjustment valve with this simple configuration. Therefore, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux is increased to ensure high torque in the low rotation range. In the high rotation range, the amount of magnetic flux linkage can be reduced to reduce the induced voltage, and the rotation can be further increased. Moreover, since the adjustment of the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux can be adjusted by the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjustment valve between adjacent magnetic teeth in the circumferential direction, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux is adjusted continuously, not intermittently. be able to.
Further, since the magnetic flux adjusting valve does not rotate with the rotor, the magnetic flux adjusting valve can be reciprocated along the rotation axis direction with a simpler structure.

In the first aspect of the invention , circumferential convex portions and circumferential concave portions are alternately formed along the rotational axis direction at locations facing the rotor in the respective magnetic teeth. Similarly, in each magnetic flux adjusting member, the magnetic body portions and the non-magnetic body portions are alternately formed along the rotation axis direction.
As a result, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux of the armature coil can be adjusted by changing the facing area in the circumferential direction between the circumferential convex portion and the magnetic body portion instead of the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjustment valve. The moving distance of the magnetic flux adjusting valve in the direction of the rotation axis can be made very short, and the rotating electrical machine can be made smaller.

Next, in the control apparatus for a rotating electrical machine that controls the rotating electrical machine described in the present embodiment, the rotating electrical machine includes an electric actuator that can reciprocate the magnetic flux adjusting valve along the direction of the rotating shaft. .
And the said control apparatus controls the said electric actuator, and adjusts the insertion length of the said magnetic flux adjustment member in the direction of the said rotating shaft to the clearance gap between the said adjacent magnetic body teeth according to the target torque of the said rotary electric machine. To do.

In the control device for a rotating electrical machine that controls the rotating electrical machine described in the present embodiment, an electric actuator that reciprocates the magnetic flux adjusting valve in the direction of the rotation axis is controlled from the control device so that the magnetic teeth between adjacent magnetic teeth in the circumferential direction are controlled. The insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting member is controlled.
Thereby, the control apparatus which controls the insertion length of a magnetic flux adjustment member is appropriately realizable.

Next, a second aspect of the present invention is a control device for a rotating electrical machine that controls the rotating electrical machine according to the first aspect , wherein the rotating electrical machine moves the magnetic flux adjusting valve along the direction of the rotating shaft. And an electric actuator that can reciprocate.
And the said control apparatus controls the said electric actuator, adjusts the position of the direction of the said rotating shaft in the said magnetic flux adjustment member arrange | positioned in the gap | interval of the said adjacent magnetic body teeth, and makes it the target torque of the said rotary electric machine. Accordingly, the size of the opposing area in the circumferential direction between the circumferential convex portion and the magnetic body portion is adjusted.

In the second aspect of the invention, the electric actuator that reciprocates the magnetic flux adjusting valve in the rotation axis direction is controlled from the control device to change the facing area in the circumferential direction between the circumferential convex portion and the magnetic body portion.
Thereby, the control apparatus which controls the opposing area in the circumferential direction of a circumferential direction convex-shaped part and a magnetic body part is appropriately realizable.

It is an axial direction sectional view of the rotary electric machine of a 1st embodiment, and is a figure explaining connection of a rotary electric machine and a control device, and is a figure showing an example of the state where the insertion length of a magnetic flux adjustment member is the longest. . It is a figure which shows the example of a state with the shortest insertion length of a magnetic flux adjustment member with respect to sectional drawing shown in FIG. It is AA sectional drawing in FIG. It is a perspective view explaining the example of the external appearance of the 1st example of the magnetic flux adjustment valve of 1st Embodiment, and the drive motor (electric actuator) which reciprocates the said magnetic flux adjustment valve to the rotating shaft direction. It is a perspective view explaining the example of the external appearance of the 2nd example of the magnetic flux adjustment valve of 1st Embodiment, and the drive motor (electric actuator) which reciprocates the said magnetic flux adjustment valve to the rotating shaft direction. It is a perspective view explaining the example of the external appearance of the 3rd example of the magnetic flux adjustment valve of 1st Embodiment, and the drive motor (electric actuator) which reciprocates the said magnetic flux adjustment valve to the rotating shaft direction. It is a figure explaining the example of the state of the magnetic flux in the position of the BB cross section in the state of FIG. 2 at the time of low rotation. It is a figure explaining the example of the state of the magnetic flux in the position of the AA cross section in the state of FIG. 1 at the time of high rotation. It is a figure explaining the example of the rotation speed-torque characteristic of the rotary electric machine of this invention. It is a figure explaining the example of the rotation speed-torque characteristic of the rotary electric machine of the conventional coil | winding switching system shown to FIG. 16 (A) and (B). The target insertion length with respect to the target rotational speed (or target rotational speed), the target insertion length with respect to the target rotational torque, the target insertion length with respect to the target rotational angle, and the target insertion length with respect to the target current (or target voltage) It is a figure explaining an example. It is a figure explaining the example of the shape of the magnetic body tooth | gear of 2nd Embodiment, and the example of the shape of a magnetic flux adjustment member. In 2nd Embodiment, it is a figure explaining the example of the position of the magnetic flux adjustment member at the time of low rotation, and the state of magnetic flux. In 2nd Embodiment, it is a figure explaining the example of the position of the magnetic flux adjustment member at the time of high rotation, and the state of magnetic flux. It is an axial direction sectional view of the rotating electrical machine of a 2nd embodiment, and a figure explaining connection with a rotating electrical machine and a control device. It is a schematic diagram of a conventional winding switching system, (A) is a diagram showing the connection state of each armature coil at the time of low rotation, (B) shows the connection state of each armature coil at the time of high rotation FIG.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated using drawing. In each figure, when X axis, Y axis and Z axis are described, X axis, Y axis and Z axis are orthogonal to each other, and X axis indicates a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor. .
●● [Rotary electrical machine 1 of the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 11)]
Hereinafter, the rotary electric machine 1 of 1st Embodiment is demonstrated using FIGS.
● [Connection between rotating electrical machine 1 and control device 60, etc. (FIGS. 1, 2, and 3)]
1 and 2 show axial sectional views of the rotating electrical machine 1 cut along the rotation axis MJ of the rotor 20. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 (the motor housing 2 is not shown).
The rotating electrical machine 1 includes a motor housing 2 and 3, a rotor shaft 10, a rotor 20 (corresponding to a rotor), a stator 30 (corresponding to an armature), a magnetic flux adjustment valve 40, a drive motor 44 (corresponding to an electric actuator), and a resolver 50. Etc., and is connected to the control device 60 and the inverter 61.

The motor housings 2 and 3 are cases in which the rotor 20 and the stator 30 are accommodated.
The rotor shaft 10 is fixed to the rotor 20, is supported by the bearings 10 </ b> B so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis MJ with respect to the motor housings 2 and 3, and rotates integrally with the rotor 20.
The rotor 20 has a substantially cylindrical shape, is formed of a magnetic material, and is supported by the motor housings 2 and 3 via the rotor shaft 10 and the bearing 10B so as to be rotatable around the rotation axis MJ. A rotor magnet 21 is attached to the rotor 20 so as to have different magnetic poles alternately in the circumferential direction (in this case, embedded).
The stator 30 has a substantially cylindrical shape, is disposed radially outside the rotor 20 so as to be coaxial with the rotor 20, and is fixed to the motor housing 2. As shown in FIG. 3, in the stator 30, each of the plurality of magnetic teeth 31 (31 </ b> A to 31 </ b> F) around which the armature coils 32 (32 </ b> A to 32 </ b> F) are wound is opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20. Are arranged in the circumferential direction.

The magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 has a substantially cylindrical shape, is disposed in the gap between the magnetic teeth 31 adjacent in the circumferential direction, and is capable of reciprocating along the rotation axis MJ via the sliding bush 40B. It is supported by the housings 2 and 3.
As shown in FIG. 4, the magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 includes a plurality of magnetic flux adjusting members 42 formed of a magnetic material and extending in the direction of the rotation axis MJ, and a non-magnetic material formed of a non-magnetic material in the direction of the rotational axis MJ. And a holding member 41 attached to each of the end portions of the two.
The magnetic flux adjusting member 42 is formed by laminating a plurality of plate-like magnetic bodies in the direction of the rotation axis MJ.
As shown in FIG. 3, each magnetic flux adjusting member 42 is disposed in the gap between the magnetic teeth 31 adjacent in the circumferential direction, and is disposed so as to be separated in the circumferential direction. The holding member 41 holds each magnetic flux adjusting member 42.
In addition to the structure of the magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 shown in the example of FIG. 4, the structure of the magnetic flux adjusting valve may be a structure like the magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 ′ shown in the example of FIG.
In the structure of the magnetic flux adjustment valve 40 ′ shown in the example of FIG. 5, each magnetic flux adjustment member 42 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of a holding member 41 ′ made of a nonmagnetic material and formed in a cylindrical shape.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5, a drive motor 44 having a worm gear 44 </ b> G and a motor 44 </ b> M that mesh with the gear of the gear wheel 43 is attached to the magnetic flux adjusting valves 40 and 40 ′. 4 and 5, the outer peripheral surface of the holding members 41 and 41 ′ below the magnetic flux adjusting member 42 is formed with a screw portion that fits with the screw portion formed on the inner peripheral surface of the gear wheel 43. It is comprised as screw surface 41A, 41A '. Thus, when the gear wheel 43 is turned from the drive motor 44, the magnetic flux adjusting valves 40 and 40 'reciprocate along the rotation axis MJ without rotating together with the gear wheel 43 via the screw surfaces 41A and 41A'. Moving.
When reciprocating in the direction of the rotation axis MJ, the holding member 41 (41 ′) reciprocates in the direction of the rotation axis in the air gap (the radial gap between the rotor 20 and the stator 30) shown in FIG.
Further, the drive mechanism of the magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 shown in FIG. 4 may be a drive mechanism as shown in the example of FIG. In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 6, the worm gear 44G of the drive motor 44 is parallel to the rotation axis MJ, and a connecting portion 45 having a nut that fits with the worm gear 44G is provided below the holding member 41 ″. Yes. Thus, when the worm gear 44G of the drive motor 44 rotates, the magnetic flux adjustment valve 40 ″ reciprocates along the rotation axis MJ via the connecting portion 45.
Thus, the magnetic flux adjustment valve 40 is held coaxially with respect to the stator 30 without rotating together with the rotor 20, and is held so as to be able to reciprocate along the rotation axis MJ with respect to the stator 30. .
The meshing angle between the gear wheel 43 and the worm gear 44G may be orthogonal or may be appropriately changed to an angle different from the orthogonal angle.

The control device 60 can move the position of the magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 in the direction of the rotation axis MJ to an arbitrary position by rotating the worm gear 44G of the drive motor 44. As shown in the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2, the position of each magnetic flux adjusting member 42 relative to each magnetic tooth 31 in the direction of the rotation axis MJ (the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting member into the gap between the magnetic teeth adjacent in the circumferential direction). The amount of the interlinkage magnetic fluxes Z1 and Z1A with the armature coil 32 can be adjusted (increased or decreased) by changing (see FIGS. 7 and 8). At the same time, the amount of magnetic fluxes Z2 and Z2A in the air gap between the magnetic material teeth 31 and the rotor 20 can be adjusted (increase / decrease) (see FIGS. 7 and 8).
7 and the number of magnetic fluxes Z2 passing through the air gap corresponding to the magnetic teeth 31A and the magnetic flux indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 8 and corresponding to the magnetic teeth 31A. The number of the magnetic fluxes Z2A passing through the air gap is described as the same five, but the amount of the magnetic flux Z2 is larger than the amount of the magnetic flux Z2A.
Further, the drive motor 44 is provided with an encoder 44E, and the control device 60 described later, based on a detection signal from the encoder 44E, the position (circumferential axis) of the magnetic flux adjustment valve 40 (magnetic flux adjustment member 42) in the direction of the rotation axis MJ. It is possible to detect the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting member into the gap between the magnetic teeth adjacent in the direction.

The resolver 50 is a detection device for detecting the phase of the AC voltage that appears in accordance with the relative angle between the stator 30 and the rotor 20 when AC current is supplied to the stator 30 and detecting the rotation angle of the rotor 20. . The resolver 50 is accommodated in a recess of the motor housing 3, and the recess is covered with a resolver cover 50F.
The control device 60 receives a detection signal from the resolver 50 via the signal line 63R or a voltage supplied from the inverter 61 to the stator 30 via the signal line 63D for detecting the operating state of the rotating electrical machine 1. Alternatively, a detection signal capable of detecting a current is input, or a detection signal from the rotation state detection means 60S capable of detecting the rotation speed (or rotation speed or rotation torque) is input. Further, the target rotational speed (or target rotational speed or target rotational torque) of the rotor 20 is input to the control device 60 from another device 70 or the like via the signal line 63Z. Then, the control device 60 outputs a control signal corresponding to the target rotational speed to the inverter 61 that controls the current supplied to the armature coil 32 of the stator 30 via the signal line 64D.
Further, the control device 60 outputs a control signal to the motor 44M of the drive motor 44 via the signal line 64S, takes in a detection signal from the encoder 44E (see FIG. 4) via the signal line 63S, and controls the magnetic flux adjustment valve 40 ( A position (insertion length) in the direction of the rotation axis MJ of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42) is set as a target position (target insertion length).
A control signal from the control device 60 is input to the inverter 61 via the signal line 64D, and the inverter 61 responds to the control signal via the current supply wirings 61U, 61V, 61W connected to the armature coil 32. Supply current is supplied to the armature coil 32 (32A to 32F).

● [Magnetic flux amount increased or decreased by inserting magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 (magnetic flux adjusting member 42) in the direction of rotation axis MJ (FIGS. 7 and 8)]
7 is a BB cross section in the state of FIG. 2 when the rotor 20 is rotating at a low speed, and FIG. 8 is an AA cross section in the state of FIG. 1 when the rotor 20 is at a high speed.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42 in the rotation axis MJ direction (insertion length into the gap between the magnetic teeth 31 adjacent in the circumferential direction) is zero (insertion length L = 0). This shows an example (state of FIG. 2), and shows an example when the rotor 20 is rotating at a low speed. In this case, since there is no magnetic flux adjusting member between the magnetic teeth 31A and the magnetic teeth 31B, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux Z1 with the armature coil is the largest.
In this case, the magnetic flux that passes through the magnetic teeth 31A indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 7 is the interlinkage magnetic flux Z1 that passes through the armature coil 32A and passes through the rotor 20. Therefore, the amount of magnetic flux passing through the armature coil and the rotor is larger than that in the state of FIG. 8 described later (at the same time, the amount of magnetic flux Z2 in the air gap is large), and it is possible to generate a larger torque. Suitable for low-rotation rotors that require high torque.

In the example shown in FIG. 8, the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42 in the direction of the rotation axis MJ (the insertion length into the gap between the magnetic teeth 31 adjacent in the circumferential direction) is the maximum (all of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42 is inserted). In this case, an example (the state shown in FIG. 1) in the case where the insertion length is L = Lmax) is shown, and an example in the case where the rotor 20 is at a high speed is shown.
In this case, in the magnetic flux indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 8, a part of the interlinkage magnetic flux Z1A of the armature coil 32A passes through the air gap and the rotor 20, but the remaining magnetic flux does not pass through the air gap and the rotor 20. After passing through the adjacent armature coils, the armature coils 32A are returned to via the magnetic flux adjusting members 42A and 42F.
In addition, in the magnetic flux indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 8, a part of the magnetic flux Z2A from the rotor 20 toward the magnetic teeth 31A in the air gap (the space between the magnetic teeth 31A and the rotor 20) is an armature coil. Without passing through 32A, the rotor 20 passes from the magnetic teeth 31B (or from the vicinity of the magnetic teeth 31B in the magnetic flux adjusting member 42A) through the magnetic flux adjusting member 42A bypassing the magnetic teeth 31A and 31B. Return to. Further, a part of the magnetic flux Z2A does not pass through the armature coil 32A, but passes through the magnetic flux adjustment member 42F and from the magnetic substance tooth on the left side of the magnetic substance tooth 31A (or the magnetic substance tooth on the left side in the magnetic flux adjustment member 42F). Return to the rotor 20 (from the vicinity).
Due to the above magnetic flux, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux Z1A in the state shown in FIG. 8 is smaller than the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux Z1 in the state shown in FIG. Also, in the air gap magnetic flux, the air gap magnetic flux Z2A in the state shown in FIG. 8 is smaller than the air gap magnetic flux Z2 in the state shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, the magnetic flux Z2 and the magnetic flux Z2A are both five, but the amount of the magnetic flux Z2> the amount of the magnetic flux Z2A).
Therefore, it is possible to make the induced voltage smaller, which is suitable when it is desired to rotate the rotor to a higher speed.

From the state of FIG. 7 where the amount of magnetic flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux passing through the air gap is the largest, the state of FIG. 8 where the amount of flux linkage between the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux passing through the air gap is the smallest. By adjusting the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting valve (magnetic flux adjusting member) (the length inserted in the gap between the magnetic teeth adjacent in the circumferential direction) to any length, the chain with the armature coil It is possible to adjust the amount of magnetic flux exchange and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap to a desired amount of magnetic flux.
And in the low rotation region of the rotor, the torque is increased by reducing the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjustment valve (magnetic flux adjustment member) so that the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap are increased. In the high-rotation range of the rotor, the induction voltage of the stator is reduced by increasing the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjustment valve (magnetic flux adjustment member) so that the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap are reduced. It is possible to increase the rotational speed to a higher rotational speed. In the intermediate rotation range, the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting valve (magnetic flux adjusting member) is adjusted so that the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux with the armature coil having a good balance between the rotational speed and torque and good motor efficiency and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap. Can be adjusted.

● [Operation of control device 60]
FIG. 9 shows the rotational speed-torque characteristic of the rotating electrical machine 1 described in the present embodiment, and the characteristic T1 indicated by the solid line appropriately adjusts the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine 1 (the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting member is adjusted appropriately). Characteristics when The characteristics (G1) and characteristics (G2) in FIG. 9 are the characteristics G1 and G2 in FIG. 10 described in FIG. 9 as a reference when comparing with FIG.
FIG. 10 shows the rotational speed-torque characteristic of the conventional winding switching type rotating electrical machine shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, and the characteristic T2 indicated by the solid line indicates the winding switching type rotating electrical machine. It is a characteristic. In FIG. 10, the characteristic T1 shown in FIG. 9 is indicated by a dotted line for comparison with the characteristic of the present embodiment. In FIG. 10, the characteristic G1 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is the characteristic in the state shown in FIG. 16A, and the characteristic G2 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is the characteristic in the state shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 10, the conventional winding switching method can have only two patterns, a low rotation high torque type (characteristic G1) and a high rotation low torque type (characteristic G2). This is not preferable because the characteristics of the motor are intermittently switched, and a shock may occur due to torque fluctuation before and after the switching. Moreover, with respect to the characteristic T1 of the present application indicated by a dotted line, there is little torque at extremely low rotation and elongation at extremely high rotation.
In the conventional winding switching system shown in FIG. 10, when the torque at low rotation is set higher and the elongation of the high rotation speed is set higher, the switching point P1 at the rotation speed N1 moves in a direction closer to the origin O. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the occurrence of shock at the time of switching will be greater, and the balance between the torque and the rotational speed is poor, and the motor efficiency in the intermediate rotational range is reduced.
On the other hand, in the characteristic T1 of the rotating electrical machine 1 described in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to continuously switch a plurality of characteristics G (n), and the torque at low rotation is higher. In addition, the elongation of the high rotation speed can be further increased. In addition, since the balance between the torque and the rotation speed can be maintained in the entire rotation range from the low rotation range to the high rotation range, the motor efficiency in the intermediate rotation range is good.

Next, an example of the operation (processing procedure) of the control device 60 for controlling the insertion length of the magnetic flux adjusting valve 40 (magnetic flux adjusting member 42) will be described with reference to FIGS. It is assumed that the control device 60 is provided with storage means for storing the characteristic T1 shown in FIG.
For example, the control device 60 takes in the target rotational speed (Nt) of the rotor 20 via the signal line 63Z. The target rotation speed (Nt) may be calculated by the control device 60.
Next, the control device 60 obtains the target torque (Tt) from the characteristic T1 (see FIG. 9) stored in the storage means and the target rotational speed (Nt) (see FIG. 9).
Then, the control device 60 uses the target torque (Tt) and the target insertion length based on the target torque-target insertion length characteristic (see FIG. 11B) stored in advance in the storage means. (Lt) is obtained. The target magnetic flux amount may be obtained from the characteristic G (t) passing through the coordinates (Nt, Tt) in the characteristic T1, and the target insertion length may be obtained from the target magnetic flux amount.
Then, the control device 60 outputs a control signal to the motor 44M so that the insertion length detected based on the detection signal from the encoder 44E becomes the target insertion length (Lt).

In the above description, the example in which the target insertion length (Lt) is obtained based on the rotor speed (target speed) input to the control device 60 has been described. However, the target speed shown in the example of FIG. Based on the number (or target rotational speed) -target insertion length characteristic, the target insertion length (Lt) may be obtained from the rotor rotational speed (target rotational speed) or rotational speed (target rotational speed).
Further, based on the target rotational torque-target insertion length characteristic shown in the example of FIG. 11B, the target insertion length (Lt) may be obtained from the rotational torque of the rotor (target rotational torque), Based on the target rotation angle-target insertion length characteristic shown in the example of FIG. 11C, the target insertion length (Lt) is obtained from the rotor rotation angle (the rotor angle detected from the detection signal from the resolver). Alternatively, based on the target current (or target voltage) -target insertion length characteristic shown in the example of FIG. 11D, the supply current (target current) to the armature coil 32 and the armature coil 32 may be changed. The target insertion length (Lt) may be obtained from the supply voltage (target voltage).
As described above, at least one of the rotation speed, the rotation speed, the rotation torque, the rotation angle, the current, and the voltage is input to the control device 60, and the control device 60 determines the target insertion length ( Lt).

●● [Rotary electrical machine 1A of the second embodiment (FIGS. 12 to 15)]
Hereinafter, the rotating electrical machine 1 </ b> A according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the rotating electrical machine 1 </ b> A of the second embodiment is different from the rotating electrical machine 1 of the first embodiment in the structure (shape) of the magnetic teeth 31 and the structure of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42. Is different. Due to this difference in structure, the movement distance in the rotation axis direction of the magnetic flux adjusting member in the gap between adjacent magnetic teeth can be suppressed to (L1 + L2) / 2 (see FIGS. 13 and 14). As shown, the length of the rotating electrical machine 1A in the direction of the rotation axis MJ can be further shortened (the rotating electrical machine 1A can be downsized).
Hereinafter, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

[Structure of magnetic teeth 31 and structure of magnetic flux adjusting member 42 (FIG. 12)]
As shown in FIG. 12, the portion facing the rotor 20 in the magnetic body teeth 31 </ b> A (31) has a circumferential direction in which the length in the rotation axis direction is the first predetermined length (length L <b> 1) and projects in the circumferential direction. A convex portion 31AA (a portion having a circumferential length W1) and a circumferential concave portion 31AB (a circumferential direction) having a second predetermined length (length L2) in the rotational axis direction and recessed in the circumferential direction And a portion having a length W2) are alternately arranged in the rotation axis direction. The circumferential lengths W1 and W2, the first predetermined length (length L1), and the second predetermined length (length L2) are appropriately set.
The magnetic flux adjusting member 42A (42) has a first predetermined length (length L1) in the rotation axis direction and a magnetic body portion 42AA formed of a magnetic material, and a length in the rotation axis direction is the first. 2 Non-magnetic body portions 42AB having a predetermined length (length L2) and formed of a non-magnetic body are alternately arranged in the rotation axis direction.
The magnetic body portion 42AA is formed by laminating a plurality of plate-like magnetic bodies in the rotation axis direction.

[Fluctuation of magnetic flux by movement of magnetic flux adjustment valve 40 (magnetic flux adjustment member 42A) in the direction of rotation axis MJ (FIGS. 13 and 14)]
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the position of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42A and the state of magnetic flux when the rotor 20 rotates at a low speed. FIG. 14 illustrates the position and magnetic flux state of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42A when the rotor 20 is rotated at a high speed. It is a figure, and both are the figures seen from DD direction in FIG.
In the example shown in FIG. 13, the circumferential convex portion 31AA of the magnetic teeth 31A (31), the circumferential convex portion 31BA of the magnetic teeth 31B (31), and the nonmagnetic portion of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42A (42). 42AB opposes in the circumferential direction. That is, the facing area in the circumferential direction between the circumferential convex portions 31AA and 31BA and the magnetic body portion 42AA is zero (minimum).
In the state shown in FIG. 13, the circumferential convex portion 31AA and the circumferential convex portion 31BA and the nonmagnetic portion 42AB are opposed to each other, so the magnetic teeth 31A (31) to 31B (31) There is almost no amount of magnetic flux that reaches). Accordingly, the amount of magnetic flux reaching the magnetic teeth 31B (31) from the magnetic teeth 31A (31) is smaller than the state shown in FIG.
In the state shown in FIG. 13, the amount of magnetic flux leaking from the magnetic body teeth 31A (31) to the magnetic body teeth 31B (31) is small (the minimum in the state of FIG. 13). The amount of magnetic flux exchange is larger than the state shown in FIG. 14, and is equivalent to the state shown in FIG. Although not shown, the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap between the stator and the rotor is larger than that shown in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to generate a larger torque, which is suitable at the time of low rotation of the rotor that requires a high torque.

The example shown in FIG. 14 shows a state in which the magnetic flux adjusting member 42A (42) is moved by a length (L1 + L2) / 2 in the rotation axis direction from the state shown in FIG.
In the example shown in FIG. 14, the circumferential convex portion 31AA of the magnetic teeth 31A (31), the circumferential convex portion 31BA of the magnetic teeth 31B (31), and the magnetic portion of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42A (42). 42AA is opposed in the circumferential direction. That is, the facing area in the circumferential direction between the circumferential convex portions 31AA and 31BA and the magnetic body portion 42AA = (maximum).
In the state shown in FIG. 14, since the circumferential convex portion 31AA and the circumferential convex portion 31BA and the magnetic body portion 42AA face each other, the magnetic body teeth 31A (31) to the magnetic body teeth 31B (31) The amount of magnetic flux that reaches (indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 14) is larger than the state shown in FIG.
In the state shown in FIG. 14, the amount of magnetic flux leaking from the magnetic teeth 31A (31) to the magnetic teeth 31B (31) is large (maximum in the state shown in FIG. 14). The amount of magnetic flux exchange is less than the state shown in FIG. 13 and is equivalent to the state shown in FIG. Although not shown, the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap between the stator and the rotor is also smaller than that shown in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to make the induced voltage smaller, which is suitable when it is desired to rotate the rotor to a higher speed.

From the state of FIG. 13 in which the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux passing through the air gap is the largest, the state of FIG. 14 in which the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux passing through the air gap are the smallest. The position of the magnetic flux adjusting member (position in the rotation axis direction in the gap between the magnetic teeth adjacent in the circumferential direction) is adjusted to an arbitrary position (adjusted in the range of the distance (L1 + L2) / 2 in the rotation axis direction). Thus, the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap can be adjusted to a desired amount of magnetic flux.
Note that adjusting the position of the magnetic flux adjusting member in the rotation axis direction adjusts the size of the facing area in the circumferential direction between the circumferential convex portion and the magnetic body portion.
In the second embodiment, the moving distance of the magnetic flux adjusting member 42 can be set within the range of distance (L1 + L2) / 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. This can be made much shorter than the rotating electrical machine 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the rotating electrical machine 1A can be made smaller.

As described above, the rotating electrical machines 1 and 1A described in the present embodiment do not change the magnetic flux amount of the rotor and the stator as in the conventional field-weakening control, but the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux (the armature by the magnetic flux of the stator and the magnet). The amount of magnetic flux linkage with the coil) and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap are adjusted, and a reduction in the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine can be suppressed.
In addition, the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap can be changed freely (increase / decrease) continuously, not intermittently. While suppressing a decrease in efficiency with an appropriate amount of magnetic flux according to the torque or the like, a higher torque can be secured in the low rotation range, and the rotation can be extended to a higher rotation number in the high rotation range.
Since the rotating electrical machines 1 and 1A described in the present embodiment can increase or decrease the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil and the amount of magnetic flux in the air gap, the cogging torque and torque ripple can be optimized. It is also possible to plan.
Further, the magnetic flux adjusting valve having the magnetic flux adjusting member is held coaxially with respect to the stator without being rotated together with the rotor, and is reciprocated in the direction of the rotation axis with respect to the stator. In addition, the moving mechanism can be configured simply, and the structure of the rotating electrical machine can be made simple.

Various changes, additions, and deletions can be made to the configuration, structure, appearance, shape, operation (processing procedure), and the like of the rotating electrical machine 1 and the rotating electrical machine control device 60 of the present invention without changing the gist of the present invention. .
In the description of the present embodiment, the description has been given using the example of the rotating electrical machine having four poles and six slots, but the number of poles and the number of slots are not limited thereto.
In the description of the present embodiment, an example of an IPM motor in which a magnet is embedded in the rotor has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to an SPM motor in which a magnet is attached to the surface of the rotor. The present invention can be applied to a rotating electric machine having a rotor having a configuration.
The control device 60 and the inverter 61 may be configured as an integrated control device without being separated.
In the description of the present embodiment, the example in which the rotation state detection unit 60S is provided has been described, but the rotation state detection unit 60S may be omitted.
Further, in FIGS. 2 and 8, etc., the example in which the shape of the magnetic flux adjusting members 42A to 42F is T-shaped (T-shaped when viewed from the rotation axis MJ direction) has been described, but the shape of the magnetic flux adjusting members 42A to 42F is T It is not limited to a letter shape, and any shape may be used as long as it can move through the gaps between the adjacent magnetic teeth 31A to 31F.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A Rotating electrical machine 2, 3 Motor housing 10 Rotor shaft 20 Rotor (rotor)
21 Rotor magnet 30 Stator (armature)
31, 31A to 31F Magnetic body teeth 31AA, 31BA Circumferential convex portions 31AB, 31BB Circumferential concave portions 32, 32A to 32F Armature coil 40 Magnetic flux adjustment valve 41 Holding member 42, 42A to 42F Magnetic flux adjustment member 42AA Magnetic body portion 42AB Non-magnetic part 44 Drive motor (electric actuator)
44M Motor 44E Encoder 50 Resolver 60 Controller 60S Rotation state detection means 61 Inverter L1 First predetermined length L2 Second predetermined length MJ Rotating shaft

Claims (2)

A rotor on which a rotor magnet that is rotatably supported around a predetermined rotation axis and has different magnetic poles in the circumferential direction is attached;
An armature disposed radially outward with respect to the rotor so as to be coaxial with the rotor, wherein each of a plurality of magnetic teeth around which the armature coil is wound is an outer periphery of the rotor An armature disposed in a circumferential direction so as to face the surface;
A rotating electrical machine having a magnetic flux adjusting valve provided in a gap between the magnetic teeth adjacent in the circumferential direction,
The magnetic flux adjusting valve is
It is possible to adjust the amount of magnetic flux that reaches from one magnetic tooth in the adjacent magnetic tooth to the other magnetic tooth through the magnetic flux adjustment valve,
A plurality of magnetic flux adjusting members disposed in a gap between the magnetic teeth adjacent in the circumferential direction and having at least a part of the magnetic body and spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, and the respective magnetic flux adjustments A holding member formed of a non-magnetic material that holds the member, and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape,
It is held coaxially with respect to the armature without co-rotating with the rotor and held so as to be capable of reciprocating along the direction of the rotation axis with respect to the armature ,
A portion of each magnetic tooth facing the rotor is a circumferential convex portion having a first predetermined length in the direction of the rotation axis and protruding in the circumferential direction, and the direction of the rotation axis And a circumferential concave portion that is recessed with respect to the circumferential convex portion in the circumferential direction is alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation axis. And
Each of the magnetic flux adjusting members has a magnetic body portion formed of a magnetic body having a length in the direction of the rotation axis that is the first predetermined length, and a length in the direction of the rotation axis that is the second predetermined length. Non-magnetic body portions that are long and formed of a non-magnetic body are alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation axis.
Rotating electric machine. A control device for a rotating electrical machine that controls the rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 ,
The rotating electrical machine includes an electric actuator capable of reciprocating the magnetic flux adjusting valve along the direction of the rotation axis,
The controller is
The electric actuator is controlled to adjust the position of the direction of the rotating shaft in the magnetic flux adjusting member arranged in the gap between the adjacent magnetic teeth, and the circumferential convexity is adjusted according to the target torque of the rotating electrical machine. Adjusting the size of the opposing area in the circumferential direction of the magnetic part and the magnetic part,
Control device for rotating electrical machines.

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