JP6296461B2 - Operation control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an operation control device, and more particularly to an operation control device that controls operation of a water turbine for generating power.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a speed control device for maintaining a constant output frequency of a turbine generator when the turbine generator is operated independently has been developed.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a conventional speed control device (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In FIG. 2, 101 is a water wheel, 102 is a water wheel generator, and 103 is a regulating valve. As shown in FIG. 2, the water wheel 101 is provided with an adjustment valve 103 for adjusting water input. The turbine generator 102 is connected to a self-supporting operation load (not shown). In the speed control device shown in FIG. 2, the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load is detected based on the fluctuation of the rotational speed of the turbine 1, and the adjustment valve 103 supplies the hydraulic turbine 101 with the fluctuation of the detected autonomous driving load. By adjusting the inflow amount, fluctuations in the output frequency of the turbine generator 102 are suppressed.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-56120

  Conventionally, in order to perform a self-sustained operation in a hydroelectric power generation facility, the following facilities and methods classified into the following two types (a) and (b) are necessary.

  (A) By properly planning and manufacturing the rotating body inertia weight of the waterways, turbine governors, turbines and turbine generators that make up the hydroelectric power generation equipment, the turbine generator unit itself can achieve frequency stability, that is, independent operation performance. Method to try to secure.

  (B) A self-sustained operation load that stably supplies the electrical output of the facility in addition to the turbine generator facility in the hydroelectric power generation facility, and a simulated load device that is connected in parallel with the electric circuit and can adjust the load amount And by adjusting the power consumption of this simulated load at high speed, it tries to ensure frequency stability, that is, autonomous operation performance.

  Of these, the method (a) corresponds to the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. However, in the method (a), in order to ensure frequency stability when the autonomous driving load fluctuates, quality such as the rate of increase of the turbine speed, the rate of increase of the water pressure of the water channel, and the drive system power of the regulating valve, etc. Therefore, there is a problem that the scale of the hydroelectric power generation facility becomes expensive.

  Further, the method (A) is obtained by adding a simulated load connected in parallel to the self-sustaining operation load in the configuration of FIG. 2 (see, for example, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1). The capacity of this simulated load is the same as the total capacity of the autonomous driving load. In the method (a), the total load amount is controlled by summing the load amount of the self-sustained operation load and the load amount of the simulated load. Therefore, in the method (a), in preparation for the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load, the output of the water turbine generator 102 must be adjusted in advance, and the fluctuation amount of the autonomous driving load is planned in advance, and then the autonomous driving load is planned. There was a difficulty in adjusting the simulated load power consumption before the fluctuation occurred. Furthermore, there has been a problem that the capacity of the simulated load needs to be equal to the total capacity of the self-sustaining operation load.

  In both methods (a) and (b), the output frequency of the turbine generator is controlled by increasing / decreasing the amount of inflow to the water turbine. A significant time delay occurs due to the time delay caused by the equipment specifications and the acceleration / deceleration time of the flowing water in the turbine hydraulic pressure line until it appears in the generated power fluctuation of the turbine generator. There is a problem that the control of the output frequency of the water turbine generator cannot be quickly responded to such fluctuations.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and uses a simulated load having a capacity smaller than the capacity of the self-sustained operation load, does not require pre-adjustment, and can quickly cope with a transient operation load fluctuation. An object of the present invention is to obtain an operation control device that stably and economically controls the output frequency of a water turbine generator.

  The present invention detects a turbine that rotates when water flows in, a turbine generator that generates electric power to be supplied to a self-sustained operation load using rotational energy of the water turbine, and a load value of the self-sustained operation load. A water value governor that adjusts the amount of water flowing into the water wheel based on a load value of the autonomous driving load detected by the load value detecting unit, and a parallel operation with the autonomous driving load. A simulated load having a variable load amount and a simulated load auxiliary governor that adjusts the load amount of the simulated load, and the simulated load assist governor, The power consumption of the simulated load is adjusted to a neutral position, and when the load value of the autonomous driving load varies, the power consumption of the simulated load is increased or decreased from the neutral position according to the variation of the load value. Adjust to An operation control device.

  According to the operation control apparatus of the present invention, the simulated load auxiliary governor adjusts the power consumption of the simulated load to a neutral position in cooperation with the water turbine governor in a normal state, and During the transition of the load value, the power consumption of the simulated load is adjusted to increase or decrease from the neutral position, and after the adjustment is completed, the simulated load is synchronized with the inflow rate adjustment speed of the water turbine governor. Power consumption is returned to the neutral position, so that it is possible to perform stable autonomous operation even when it is difficult to predict a self-sustained load fluctuation of an autonomous driving load, while using a simulated load having a capacity smaller than the total capacity of the autonomous driving load. Preadjustment is not required, and it is possible to respond quickly to a transition of a self-sustained operation load fluctuation and to control the output frequency of the turbine generator stably and economically.

It is the block diagram which showed the structure of the operation control apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed the structure of the conventional speed control apparatus.

  This invention is a system disconnected from a commercial power system, and when a turbine generator is connected to a self-sustained operation load and power is supplied by the turbine generator to the self-sustained operation load, On the other hand, the present invention relates to an operation control apparatus that performs frequency control of a turbine generator in order to keep the output frequency of the turbine generator constant and stable. In the operation control apparatus of the present invention, the normal output frequency is controlled on the water turbine governor side, and the transient output frequency control is performed on the simulated load auxiliary governor side. Stable independent operation is performed even when the load fluctuates. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an operation control apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a water wheel, 2 is a water wheel generator, 3 is a self-sustained operation load, 4 is a water wheel governor that adjusts the inflow energy to the water wheel 1, and 5 is an output frequency of the water wheel generator 2, that is, the rotation of the water wheel 1. A turbine speed detector for detecting speed, 6 is a simulated load whose load can be adjusted, and 7 is a simulated load auxiliary governor that adjusts the power consumption of the simulated load 6 in cooperation with the turbine governor 4. . These components will be described below.

  The water turbine 1 is provided with an adjustment valve (not shown) that adjusts the inflow amount to the water wheel 1, and the inflow amount of water is adjusted by the water wheel governor 4. The water turbine 1 rotates when water flows into the water turbine 1, and transmits this rotational energy (mechanical energy) to the water turbine generator 2.

  The turbine generator 2 is rotated by the rotational energy supplied from the turbine 1. When the turbine generator 2 rotates, electric power is generated. The turbine generator 2 supplies the generated power to the self-sustaining operation load 3 and the simulated load 6.

  The self-sustained operation load 3 is connected to the water turbine generator 2 and driven by electric power supplied from the water turbine generator 2.

  The water wheel governor 4 adjusts the amount of water flowing into the water wheel 1 based on the rotational speed of the water wheel 1 detected by the water wheel speed detector 5. That is, the turbine speed governor 4 detects the turbine speed in order to keep the output frequency of the turbine generator 2 constant and stable according to the load fluctuation of the autonomous operation load 3 when the turbine generator 2 is operated independently. Based on the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 detected by the vessel 5, the amount of water flowing into the water turbine 1 is adjusted. At this time, the water turbine governor 4 has a lookup table that defines a correspondence relationship between the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 and the target amount of water flowing into the water turbine 1 in advance, for example. The speed machine 4 may obtain the target inflow amount to the water turbine 1 based on the rotational speed of the water wheel 1 according to the lookup table.

  The turbine speed detector 5 detects the output frequency of the turbine generator 2, that is, the rotational speed of the turbine 1. The fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3 can be detected from the fluctuation of the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 detected by the turbine speed detector 5. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the turbine speed detector 5 constitutes a load value detection unit that detects the load value of the autonomous operation load 3. The turbine speed detector 5 outputs the detected rotational speed to the turbine speed governor 4.

  The simulated load 6 is connected to the turbine generator 2 in parallel with the self-sustaining operation load 3. The simulated load 6 has a variable load amount, and the load amount can be adjusted. The simulated load 6 is driven by the electric power supplied from the water turbine generator 2 in the same manner as the self-sustaining operation load 3. The capacity of the simulated load 6 has a capacity twice as large as the assumed maximum fluctuation amount of the independent operation load 3. The maximum fluctuation amount of the autonomous driving load 3 is determined in advance by a designer / user (customer) based on past operation results (actual fluctuation amount in daily operation), and simulates a load having twice the capacity. Installed as load 6. In the above-described conventional apparatus of the method (A), the capacity of the simulated load is the same as the capacity of the self-sustained operation load 3, and thus it is necessary to prepare a large-capacity load. The capacity of the simulated load 6 can be greatly reduced because the capacity that is twice as large as the maximum fluctuation amount of the self-sustained operation load 3 is required. As a result, the cost of the simulated load 6 can be suppressed. Here, the reason why the maximum fluctuation amount is doubled is that the simulated load 6 has the power consumption at the neutral position in normal times, and therefore the maximum fluctuation amount in the increasing direction and the maximum in the decreasing direction centering on the neutral position. This is because it is sufficient if the power consumption can be changed by the amount of change.

  The simulated load auxiliary governor 7 adjusts the load amount of the simulated load 6 in cooperation with the water turbine governor 4. Specifically, the simulated load assist governor 7 obtains the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 detected by the water turbine speed detector 5 via the water turbine speed governor 4 during normal times, and simulates based on the rotational speed. The load amount of the simulated load 6 is adjusted so that the power consumption of the load 6 corresponds to the neutral position. On the other hand, when the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3 occurs, the simulated load auxiliary governor 7 reduces the power consumption of the simulated load 6 according to the fluctuation of the load value immediately after the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3 occurs, that is, at the transient time. Adjust in the increasing or decreasing direction from the neutral position. Specifically, when the autonomous driving load 3 decreases and the rotation speed of the water turbine 1 exceeds a preset upper limit threshold, the power consumption of the simulated load 6 is reduced according to the increase in the rotation speed. Adjust in the increasing direction from the neutral position. On the contrary, when the autonomous driving load 3 increases and the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 falls below a preset lower threshold, the power consumption of the simulated load 6 is reduced to the neutral position according to the decrease in the rotational speed. Adjust in the direction of decrease from the equivalent. In addition, after the transition of the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3, the simulated load auxiliary governor 7 is simulated to increase or decrease transiently in synchronization with the inflow amount adjustment speed of the water turbine governor 4. The power consumption of the load 6 is returned to the power consumption equivalent to the neutral position during normal times.

  Next, the operation of the operation control apparatus according to Embodiment 1 will be described. During the self-sustained operation, the simulated load assist governor 7 always obtains the output frequency of the turbine generator 2, that is, the rotational speed of the turbine 1 detected by the turbine speed detector 5 from the turbine adjuster 4. Sometimes, the load amount of the simulated load 6 is adjusted based on the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 so that the power consumption of the simulated load 6 corresponds to the neutral position.

  Further, the water turbine governor 4 adjusts the amount of water flowing into the water turbine 1 based on the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 detected by the water turbine speed detector 5. As an example of the control method of the water turbine governor 4, the water turbine governor 4 is a target inflow indicating an inflow amount that should flow into the water turbine 1 based on the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 detected by the water turbine speed detector 5. Calculate the quantity. Then, the water turbine governor 4 calculates the target opening of the adjusting valve that adjusts the flow rate to the water turbine 1 based on the target inflow amount. Specifically, when increasing the inflow amount, the opening degree of the adjustment valve is set to the target opening degree changed from the current value to the opening direction, and conversely, when decreasing the inflow amount, the adjustment valve Is set to a target opening that is changed from the current value to the closing direction. Thus, the water turbine governor 4 sets the target opening of the adjusting valve, and drives and controls the adjusting valve so that the opening of the adjusting valve becomes the target opening.

  On the other hand, when the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3 occurs, the fluctuation of the output frequency of the turbine generator 2, that is, the fluctuation of the rotation speed of the turbine 1 occurs. In the water turbine governor 4, the inflow amount to the water turbine 1 is adjusted with respect to the fluctuation of the rotational speed of the water turbine 1. The method for adjusting the amount of inflow is the same as in normal times. However, before the increase / decrease operation of the inflow amount to the water turbine 1 appears in the generated power fluctuation of the water turbine generator 2, due to factors such as time delay due to equipment specifications and acceleration / deceleration time of running water in the water turbine hydraulic line A considerable time delay is required.

Therefore, when the self-sustained operation load 3 rapidly decreases, the amount of water flowing into the water turbine 1 does not change immediately. Therefore, the water turbine 1 is supplied with an extra water input that is larger than the suddenly reduced load amount, and the extra water input causes the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 to start increasing, resulting in a transient increase in the rotational speed.
Conversely, even when the self-sustained operation load 3 increases rapidly, the amount of water flowing into the water turbine 1 does not change immediately. For this reason, the water turbine 1 is supplied with an insufficient water input smaller than that corresponding to the rapidly increased load amount, and due to this insufficient water input, the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 starts to decrease, resulting in a transient rotational speed decrease.

  Therefore, in the first embodiment, in order to suppress the occurrence of the transient rotational speed increase and the transient rotational speed decrease described above, the simulated load auxiliary governor 7 immediately after the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3 occurs, that is, During the transition, the power consumption of the simulated load 6 is adjusted to increase or decrease from the neutral position. Since this adjustment is performed electrically, it works to suppress frequency fluctuations prior to fluctuations in the power generated by the turbine generator 2, and as a result, even if the turbine generator 2 has a slow output adjustment, the turbine generator can generate power at high speed. The frequency of the machine 2 can be controlled. In addition, after the transition time has elapsed, the simulated load auxiliary governor 7 cooperates with the adjustment speed of the inflow amount of the water turbine governor 4 by adjusting the power consumption of the simulated load 6 that is transiently increased or decreased, The power consumption is restored to the neutral position equivalent to normal. That is, immediately after the transient fluctuation until the fluctuation of the generated power of the water turbine generator 2 can be suppressed by the increase / decrease operation of the inflow amount to the water turbine 1 by the water turbine governor 4, the water turbine generator is immediately adjusted by the load adjustment of the simulated load 6. 2 and thereafter, by adjusting the inflow amount of the water turbine governor 4 while returning the simulated load 6 to the neutral position at a relatively slow speed synchronized with the inflow amount adjustment speed of the water wheel governor 4. Frequency control of the water turbine generator 2 is performed. Therefore, the transient control by the simulated load assist governor 7 ends when the simulated load 6 returns to the neutral position.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the neutral position is adopted for the power consumption of the simulated load 6 in normal times, and the control is performed in cooperation with the water turbine governor 4. Since frequency control is possible by adjusting the power consumption of the simulated load 6 transiently in any direction of increase / decrease of fluctuation, the power consumption of the simulated load 6 is adjusted in advance even when the load is suddenly increased. There is no need. Furthermore, since the capacity of the simulated load 6 is not equivalent to the total capacity of the self-sustained operation load 3 but may be twice the capacity of the normal operation assumed maximum fluctuation amount of the self-sustained operation load 3, the predictive control of the fluctuation of the self-sustained operation load 3 is possible. The apparatus which does not need can be comprised economically at low cost.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, in addition to the water turbine governor 4 that controls the amount of inflow into the water turbine 1, it has a capacity that is twice the assumed maximum fluctuation amount of the autonomous operation load 3. A simulated load auxiliary governor 7 is provided for controlling the simulated load 6 so that the simulated load 6 is always operated in a neutral position. With this configuration, normal output frequency control is performed on the hydraulic turbine governor 4 side, and transient output frequency control is performed on the simulated load auxiliary governor 7 side. Can also perform stable independent operation.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment, the case where the water turbine speed detector 5 is used as the load value detection unit that detects the load value of the self-sustained operation load 3 has been described. However, the load value detection unit may be configured or method other than this. Good. Specifically, for example, the following configurations or methods (1) to (3) are conceivable.

  (1) The load value detector is configured with a frequency detector for detecting the output frequency of the water turbine generator 2. That is, a frequency detector is provided for the water turbine generator 2, and the output frequency of the water turbine generator 2 is directly detected by the frequency detector, and the load fluctuation of the self-sustaining operation load 3 is detected from the output frequency. can do. At this time, the water turbine governor 4 calculates a target inflow amount to the water turbine 1 based on the detected output frequency. As a calculation method, for example, the water turbine governor 4 prepares in advance a look-up table in which the correspondence relationship between the output frequency and the target inflow amount is determined, and the water wheel 1 is based on the output frequency according to the look-up table. What is necessary is just to obtain the target inflow amount.

  (2) The load value detection unit is configured by an ammeter or a wattmeter for detecting the current or power of the self-sustained operation load 3. That is, an ammeter or a wattmeter is provided for the self-sustained operation load 3, the current or power of the self-sustained operation load 3 is detected by the ammeter or the wattmeter, and the load of the self-sustained operation load 3 is determined from the detected value. Variations can be detected. At this time, the water turbine governor 4 calculates a target inflow amount to the water turbine 1 based on the detected output frequency. As a calculation method, for example, the water turbine governor 4 prepares in advance a look-up table that defines the correspondence between the detected value of current or power and the target inflow amount, and the current or power according to the look-up table. The target inflow amount of the water turbine 1 may be obtained based on the detected value.

  (3) When the power consumption setting value such as the autonomous driving load pattern of the autonomous driving load 3 is determined in advance, by detecting the deviation between the power consumption setting value and the actual measured value, Detect load fluctuations. That is, the load value detection unit is configured by an ammeter or a wattmeter for detecting the current or power of the self-supporting operation load 3. That is, an ammeter or a wattmeter is provided for the self-sustained operation load 3, and an actual measurement value of the power consumption of the self-sustained operation load 3 is obtained by the ammeter or the wattmeter. Thus, by detecting the deviation between the power consumption set value and the actual measured value, it is possible to detect the load fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3. At this time, the water turbine governor 4 calculates a target inflow amount to the water turbine 1 based on the detected deviation. As a calculation method, for example, the water turbine governor 4 prepares in advance a look-up table in which a correspondence relationship between the deviation and the target inflow amount is determined, and the water turbine 1 of the water wheel 1 is calculated based on the deviation according to the look-up table. What is necessary is just to obtain the target inflow amount.

  As described above, the load fluctuation of the self-sustained operation load 3 may be detected by using any one of the configurations or methods (1) to (3), and even in that case, an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment is obtained. I can get it.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the first embodiment, the control method of the simulated load assist governor 7 is not specified as either continuous control or stepwise control, but the tendency of the effect is the same in either case. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a necessary effect by deciding whether to apply continuous control or stepwise control based on the specification surface of the frequency fluctuation range required for the independent operation frequency of the turbine generator 2. I can do it.

  The continuous control means that the simulated load auxiliary governor 7 adjusts the power consumption of the simulated load 6 in the increasing or decreasing direction from the neutral position immediately after the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3 occurs, that is, at the time of transition. It means that the power consumption of the simulated load 6 is continuously adjusted to increase or decrease from the neutral position.

  On the other hand, the stepwise control is when the simulated load auxiliary governor 7 adjusts the power consumption of the simulated load 6 in the increasing or decreasing direction from the neutral position immediately after the fluctuation of the autonomous driving load 3 occurs, that is, during transition. In other words, the power consumption of the simulated load 6 is increased stepwise from the neutral position by a preset amount of power or decreased stepwise.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
In the first embodiment, the single turbine generator 2 and the single autonomous operation load 3 have been described, but a plurality of these may be provided. That is, a plurality of water turbine generators 2 shown in FIG. 1 may be provided, and similarly, a plurality of independent operation loads 3 may be provided. In addition, when providing two or more turbine generators 2, those turbine generators 2 are connected in parallel. On the other hand, in the case where a plurality of independent operation loads 3 are provided, the independent operation loads 3 may be provided in parallel connection or in series connection. As described above, even when the plurality of turbine generators 2 or the plurality of independent operation loads 3 are configured, the introduction of the simulated load auxiliary speed governor 7 provides the same effect as that of the first embodiment. I can do it.

  1 turbine, 2 turbine generator, 3 autonomous load, 4 turbine governor, 5 turbine speed detector, 6 simulated load, 7 simulated load auxiliary governor.

Claims (3)

A water wheel that rotates as water flows in, and
A turbine generator that generates electric power for supplying a self-sustaining operation load using rotational energy of the turbine,
A load value detection unit for detecting a load value of the autonomous driving load;
A water wheel governor that adjusts the amount of water flowing into the water wheel based on the load value of the self-sustained operation load detected by the load value detector;
A simulated load connected to the turbine generator in parallel with the self-sustaining operation load and having a variable load amount;
A simulated load auxiliary governor for adjusting the load of the simulated load,
The simulated load assist governor is
In normal times, adjust the power consumption of the simulated load to the neutral position,
When the load value of the autonomous driving load varies, the power consumption of the simulated load is adjusted in the increasing or decreasing direction from the neutral position according to the variation of the load value.
Operation control device. The simulated load assist governor is configured so that the load value of the self-sustained operation load is changed,
When the load value of the autonomous driving load decreases, the power consumption of the simulated load is adjusted in the increasing direction from the neutral position,
When the load value of the autonomous driving load increases, adjust the power consumption of the simulated load in a decreasing direction from the neutral position,
The operation control apparatus according to claim 1. The simulated load has a capacity that is twice the assumed maximum fluctuation amount of the autonomous driving load.
The operation control apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.

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