JP6295565B2 - Shock absorbing structure and shock absorbing module - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact buffer structure and an impact buffer module (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an impact buffer structure or the like), and more particularly to an impact buffer structure or the like suitable for protecting passengers in transportation equipment.

  In recent years, from the viewpoint of occupant protection, development of shock absorbing structures has been progressing mainly in the interior and exterior of automobiles. Conventionally, seat belts, airbags, and the like have been widely used as shock-absorbing structures that ensure the safety of passengers in the event of a collision. Seat belts and airbags restrain or protect the body of an occupant seated in a seat at the time of collision.

  On the other hand, an impact buffer structure that is installed in a vehicle and ensures the safety of an occupant is known separately from the structure as described above, and examples thereof include a knee bolster. Nie Bolster works with seat belts and airbags to secure the entire body of the occupant by stopping the movement of the occupant seated in the front seat in the event of a car collision and restricting the movement of the occupant's hips. To enhance safety.

  When such a shock-absorbing structure is installed in a vehicle, the shock-absorbing structure may absorb an impact while in direct contact with the human body. Conventionally, those using plastic deformation of a metal such as aluminum (for example, Patent Document 1) and those using shock absorption due to crushing or breaking of a resin molded product are mainly used (for example, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document). 3). In these structures, the initial load applied to the human body when an impact is applied is high, and if the impact is absorbed while in direct contact with the human body, a large load may be applied to the human body. For this reason, if these structures are designed to absorb high impact energy, there is a concern about excessive load on the human body, so it is necessary to consider that the cooperation with the seat belt and airbag is highly advanced. In addition, design difficulty increases, and it may be difficult to reliably protect the occupant when an impact is actually received. From such a point of view, the load-displacement curve at the time of impact load, which can absorb the impact while appropriately dispersing and absorbing the received impact and reducing the initial load on the human body, is so-called. An impact buffer structure that exhibits a characteristic called a rectangular wave is desired.

  On the other hand, in another field, as a shock absorber for a seismic isolation structure of a building, there is a press-fit shock absorber constituted by a metal thin cylinder and a metal pin having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the metal thin cylinder. It has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 4). However, even in such a press-fit type shock absorber, the initial load that is expressed when an impact is applied is high, and the shock is applied in a state where it is in direct contact with a human body, for example, as an impact buffer device for protecting an occupant of an automobile. If it is made possible to absorb water, an excessive load may be applied to the human body.

  In this way, shock absorbers for transportation equipment, in particular, shock absorbers for automobiles, can reduce the load on the human body and can absorb the shock stably over time. An impact buffer structure whose displacement curve exhibits a so-called rectangular wave is desired.

JP 49-1971 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-177921 JP 2001-124127 A JP 2006-170264 A

Therefore, in view of the background art as described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a shock that can stably absorb the maximum energy stably over time so that the load on the human body does not exceed the maximum value of the human body resistance. An object of the present invention is to provide an impact buffer structure for protecting passengers of transport equipment , and a shock buffer module using the same, in which a load-displacement curve at the time of loading shows a so-called rectangular wave.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an impact buffering structure according to the present invention includes at least one impact receiver configured in a hollow structure, and is disposed upstream or downstream of the impact receiver with respect to the impact direction. And a shock absorbing structure for protecting passengers that absorbs a shock at the time of a collision of a transportation device having a support member having at least one press-fitting hole into which the shock receiver is press-fitted when receiving an impact. The support member is made of a metal, the impact receiver is made of a resin composition, and the strength and rigidity of the support member are equal to or higher than the strength and rigidity of the impact receiver. Consists of things.

In such an impact buffering structure according to the present invention, when an impact load is applied to the impact buffering structure, the impact is received by the single movement of the impact receiver or the support member or the relative movement of the impact receiver and the support member. The body is press-fitted into the press-fitting hole of the support member, and at the time of the press-fitting, the impact energy applied to the shock absorbing structure is absorbed and buffered by the frictional resistance generated in the press-fitting portion. At this time, since the support member is made of metal and the impact receiver is made of a resin composition, a sudden increase in press-fit load when both members are made of metal, in other words, a high initial load. Is a so-called rectangular wave in which the press-fitted portion (especially the press-fitted surface) of the impact receiver made of the resin composition is appropriately deformed (displaced), and the displacement proceeds in a relatively low load state. The characteristics are realized and the impact is stably absorbed over time. In order to achieve and maintain such a desirable shock absorbing state, it is necessary that the press-fitted state in which the above-described desirable frictional resistance is generated be maintained for a certain press-fitting stroke of the shock receiver. Therefore, when the strength and rigidity of the material of the support member, especially the strength and rigidity of the press-fitting hole forming portion of the support member are equal to or greater than the strength and rigidity of the shock receiver, and the shock receiver is press-fitted into the press-fitting hole In order not to deform the press-fitting hole excessively, that is, to prevent the press-fitting hole diameter from being unnecessarily enlarged, the desired frictional resistance is maintained and the impact is stably absorbed over time in a relatively low load condition. Is possible. From the viewpoint of avoiding unnecessary expansion of the diameter of the press-fitting hole, the rigidity characteristic is particularly important among the above strength and rigidity. And in the shock-absorbing structure according to the present invention, the shock-receiving body is formed in a hollow structure in combination with the achievement and maintenance of the desirable shock absorbing state as described above, thereby reducing the weight of the entire shock-absorbing structure. The weight reduction, which is a basic required characteristic of equipment installed in the transportation equipment, is the weight of the shock-absorbing structure for protecting passengers installed in the transportation equipment in the present invention. This is achieved by the conversion. In addition, it is preferable that the cross-sectional outer periphery length of the impact receiving body comprised by the hollow structure is longer than the inner peripheral length of a press-fit hole.

  Further, as the strength and rigidity, the strength and rigidity of each material of the impact receiver and the support member may be considered. That is, the strength and rigidity of the support member positioned outside the impact receiver in the press-fit portion is equal to or greater than the strength and rigidity of the impact receiver positioned inside, so that the diameter of the press-fit hole is unnecessary. The expansion is avoided, and an appropriate state of frictional resistance is maintained between the two members to achieve a target shock absorption characteristic with time.

  In the shock-absorbing structure according to the present invention, the outer shape of the shock receiver is columnar or frustum-shaped, and the outer shape of the shock receiver is a cross-sectional shape in a direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the shock receiver. However, it is possible to adopt a configuration that is a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon. That is, it can be configured as a columnar impact receiving body having a substantially constant outer diameter, and a substantially constant frictional resistance can be generated while the impact receiving body is pressed into the press-fitting hole of the support member. It is also possible to configure a trapezoidal impact receiver so that the frictional resistance gradually increases as the outer diameter of the impact receiver increases while the impact receiver is press-fitted into the press-fitting hole of the support member. it can. Also, if the cross-sectional shape of the impact receiver is a circle, ellipse or polygon, the contact area between the impact receiver and the press-fitting hole will increase, and a more uniform frictional resistance will be obtained. Can be absorbed.

  In addition, the area of the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the impact receiver is changed in the press-fitting direction, and the maximum value of the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the shock receiver is the press-fitting direction. It can be set as the structure larger than the area of the cross section of the direction perpendicular | vertical to the said press injection direction of a hole. By changing the cross-sectional area of the impact receiver in the press-fitting direction, it becomes possible to set the transition characteristic of the frictional resistance generated between the press-fitting hole to a desirable characteristic, and the maximum value of the cross-sectional area is By adopting a configuration larger than the hole area of the press-fitting hole, it is possible to stably and continuously generate the frictional resistance without interruption. Moreover, from the viewpoint of obtaining a more stable rectangular wave, it is preferable to insert the tip of the impact receiver in advance into the press-fitting hole.

Further, in the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention, as a particularly preferable material form, a form in which the support member is made of metal and the shock receiver is made of a resin composition is adopted as described above. When the impact receiver is made of a resin composition, the impact can be absorbed stably over time. Further, since the supporting member is made of metal, the strength and rigidity of the metal can provide a more appropriate frictional resistance when the impact receiving body is press-fitted into the supporting member, and can absorb the impact more stably over time. it can. That is, in such a configuration, the press-fitting hole of the metal support member can be configured to have a structure that is less likely to be expanded and deformed when the shock receiver is press-fitted, while the press-fitted impact receiver has an outer surface thereof. By avoiding over-hardening, it is possible to maintain the desired press-fitting load and thereby the desired frictional resistance while avoiding the occurrence of an excessive initial load during press-fitting.

In the present invention, the resin composition constituting the impact receiver is not particularly limited, but contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamide resin, polyolefin resin, polyester resin and polycarbonate resin. Is preferred. This is because the impact can be absorbed more stably with time while further reducing the initial load. A more preferred resin composition contains at least a polyamide resin. Polyamide resins are particularly preferred because of their excellent balance between toughness and strength. The polyolefin resin is preferably a polypropylene resin or a polyethylene resin, and the polyester resin is preferably a polybutylene terephthalate resin or a polyethylene terephthalate resin.

  Furthermore, the resin composition contains a polyamide resin and a rubbery polymer having a reactive functional group, and the polyamide resin forms a continuous phase and has a reactive functional group when observed with an electron microscope. The polymer forms a dispersed phase and is formed by a compound produced by the reaction of a polyamide resin and a rubbery polymer having a reactive functional group in the dispersed phase of the rubbery polymer having a reactive functional group. It is preferable to contain fine particles having a specific particle size and have a morphology in which the area occupied by the fine particles in the dispersed phase is a certain level or more. By using such a resin composition, it becomes possible to further improve the toughness of the support member and / or the impact receiver, and it is possible to absorb the impact more stably over time while further reducing the initial load. become.

Shock absorbing structure according to the present invention as described above, although Ru applicable der in any application where shock absorbing is required, in particular, is suitable for occupant protection in transportation equipment as defined in the present invention is there.

In addition, the present invention provides a first buffer portion constituted by the shock buffer structure as described above, and a shock buffer structure as described above, which is disposed downstream of the first buffer portion with respect to the shock direction. a shock-absorbing module for passenger protection in transportation equipment which have a and a second buffer portion composed of the body, also provide the shock absorbing module second damper portion has a plurality of impact receiving body and the press-fit hole To do.

  In such an impact buffer module according to the present invention, the first buffer portion can mainly absorb high impact, and the second buffer portion can mainly absorb low impact, while further reducing the initial load, The impact can be absorbed more stably over time, and the protection target disposed on the downstream side of the impact buffer module with respect to the impact direction can be more appropriately protected.

  In the shock absorbing module according to the present invention, the maximum value of the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the shock receiving body in the first buffering portion is the one shock receiving body in the second buffering portion. It is preferably larger than the maximum value of the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction. By adopting such a configuration, it becomes possible to absorb the high impact by the first buffer portion and absorb the low impact by the second buffer portion more appropriately and smoothly. Thus, it is possible to more appropriately protect the protection target disposed on the downstream side of the shock absorbing module.

  Moreover, it is also preferable to have a rotation mechanism in the connection part of said 1st buffer part and said 2nd buffer part. When an impact is applied to the impact buffer module, an impact load is transmitted between the first buffer part and the second buffer part, but the direction of this load is not necessarily the axial direction of the module, and However, the initial connection state is not always maintained as it is. That is, the initial load is applied from a direction slightly deviated from the axial direction of the module, or the first buffer portion and the second buffer portion are only a small angle from the initial linear connection state during impact load transmission. It can be considered that the connection state is bent. In consideration of such a case, by providing a rotation mechanism capable of relative rotation between the first buffer portion and the second buffer portion, one of the buffer portions is substantially separated from the other buffer portion. It is possible to automatically adjust the angle finely, and thereby, in each of the first buffer portion and the second buffer portion, an appropriate press-fitting state into the press-fitting hole of the support member of the impact receiving body. Maintenance, absorption of appropriate impact energy due to frictional resistance generated in the press-fitting portion, and maintenance of a buffered state are possible. The rotation mechanism can be provided in combination with a plurality of (for example, two) rotation mechanisms in accordance with the direction in which rotation is allowed, as exemplified in the embodiments described later.

  Similarly, it is also preferable to have a rotation mechanism (herein referred to as a second rotation mechanism) at the upstream end of the first buffer portion with respect to the impact direction. This second rotation mechanism can be provided in addition to the above-described rotation mechanism (referred to herein as the first rotation mechanism). Since this second rotation mechanism is located at the upstream end of the first buffer portion with respect to the impact direction with respect to the entire shock buffer module, the impact buffer is provided by fine adjustment of the angle by this second rotation mechanism. Fine adjustment of the angle of the entire module becomes possible. Therefore, the first shock absorber in the shock buffer module is adjusted by the first rotating mechanism while finely adjusting the angle (posture) of the entire shock buffer module to an appropriate angle (posture) by the second rotating mechanism. It is possible to finely adjust the angle between the first buffer portion and the second buffer portion to an appropriate angle, and it is possible to achieve higher performance by making the entire module a desired state. Here, in the first and second rotating mechanisms as described above, it is preferable to set the angle restriction by an appropriate mechanism or means so that the rotation angle does not become too large to cause a problem.

  Furthermore, it is also preferable to have a spherical receiver on the connection side of the second buffer part with the first buffer part. In the second buffer portion where the impact load is transmitted from the first buffer portion, the drag (reaction force) is smaller than that of the first buffer portion due to the press-fitting into the plurality of press-fitting holes of the plurality of impact receivers. Will occur in a plurality of press-fitting parts, and the resultant force of the plurality of drags will be relatively transmitted to the first buffer part, but the plurality of drags are distributed over a relatively wide area. When it is transmitted to the first buffer part, it is transmitted at various angles, and the resultant force of the plurality of drags transmitted to the first buffer part is unlikely to become one efficiently converged force. A case is assumed. Even in such a case, it is possible to direct the plurality of drags in the direction of the central axis of the first buffer portion by providing a spherical support (spherical support structure) at the site. Thus, it becomes possible to transmit a plurality of drags to the first buffer portion as one resultant force that is efficiently focused. As a result, as described above, the desired performance can be exhibited smoothly and more reliably in the first buffer portion that mainly absorbs high impact. In addition, through this, higher performance can be achieved as a whole module. When the first buffer portion and the second buffer portion are connected in series, such a spherical receiver is connected to the connection portion side of the second buffer portion with the first buffer portion. For example, in the case where a plurality of second buffer portions are provided side by side with the first buffer portion, it is also possible to arrange a plurality of spherical receivers.

For even impact buffering module as described above, but Ru applicable der in any application where shock absorbing is required, in particular, it is suitable for occupant protection in transportation equipment as defined in the present invention.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an impact buffering structure and an impact buffering module capable of obtaining a so-called rectangular wave that can absorb a shock stably over time while reducing a load applied to a human body. . The shock-absorbing structure according to the present invention can be preferably used for an shock-absorbing structure that protects an occupant during a collision in a transportation device such as an automobile.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an impact buffer structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the shock absorbing structure which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the shock absorbing structure which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows an example of the load-displacement curve in the shock-absorbing structure of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the shock absorbing module which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the impact buffer module which has a rotation mechanism which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the impact buffer module which has the spherical surface receiver concerning 3rd embodiment of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The impact buffer structure and the impact buffer module of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described below.

FIG. 1 shows an impact buffer structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. An impact buffer structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 has at least one support member 2 made of, for example, a metal, for example, a bottomed cylinder, and at least one impact receiver 3 made of a resin composition, for example, having a cylindrical shape. doing. The support member 2 has a press-fitting hole 5 for press-fitting the impact receiver 3. In the case of the cylindrical impact receiver 3 and the press-fitting hole 5 having a circular cross section, the inner diameter of the press-fitting hole 5 is the diameter before press-fitting. The outer diameter D1 of the impact receiver 3 is set slightly larger than d1, and is set so as to satisfy a desired press-fitting condition. Although the illustrated example has one press-fit hole 5, the support member 2 may have two or more press-fit holes 5. FIG. 1 shows an example in which the support member 2 is arranged on the upstream side of the impact receiving body 3 with respect to the impact direction 4 (arrow direction). When the impact buffering structure 1 receives an impact, the support member 2 is shown. Moves in the impact direction, and the impact receiver 3 is press-fitted into the press-fitting hole 5. Although not shown, the support member 2 may be disposed on the downstream side of the impact receiving body 3 with respect to the impact direction 4. That is, in FIG. 1, the direction of the arrow of the impact direction 4 is reversed. Moreover, the impact receiving body 3 is comprised by the hollow structure as mentioned above .

  FIG. 2 shows an impact buffer structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the shock absorbing structure 11 shown in FIG. 2, a press-fitting hole 15 made of a through hole is provided in the support member 12 formed on the plate or a plate part of a certain structure, and the shock-receiving hole 15 receives an impact. The body 13 is press-fitted. Reference numeral 14 indicates an impact direction, and a configuration in which the arrow direction of the impact direction 14 is reversed is also possible.

  FIG. 3 shows an impact buffer structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The shock absorbing structure 21 shown in FIG. 3 has a plurality of shock receivers 23, and the plurality of shock receivers 23 are press-fitted into corresponding press-fit holes 25 provided in the support member 22. . Reference numeral 24 denotes an impact direction, and a configuration in which the arrow direction of the impact direction 24 is reversed is also possible.

  In the embodiment as described above, the impact is absorbed by the frictional resistance when the impact receiving bodies 3, 13, and 23 are press-fitted into the press-fitting holes 5, 15, and 25. At this time, for example, by increasing the friction coefficient of the impact receiving bodies 3, 13, 23 and / or the press-fitting holes 5, 15, 25, the distance between the impact receiving bodies 3, 13, 23 and the press-fitting holes 5, 15, 25 is increased. The maximum cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the impact receivers 3, 13 and 23 is the cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the press-fitting holes 5, 15 and 25. It is also possible to improve the impact absorbing performance when the impact receivers 3, 13, and 23 are press-fitted into the support members 2, 12, and 22 by making the area larger than. Further, as described above, in order that the shock absorbing structures 1, 11, and 21 can absorb the received shock more stably over time, the shock receivers 3, 13, and 23 and the support member 2, From the viewpoint that the frictional resistance with the press-fitting holes 5, 15 and 25 of 12, 22 can be adjusted appropriately, the maximum value of the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the impact receivers 3, 13, and 23 is press-fitted. It is preferable to increase the frictional resistance between the impact receivers 3, 13, 23 and the press-fitting holes 5, 15, 25 by making the area larger than the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the holes 5, 15, 25. .

  In the impact buffering structures 1, 11, and 21, the strength and rigidity of the support members 2, 12, and 22 are equal to or greater than the strength and rigidity of the impact receivers 3, 13, and 23. When the strength and rigidity of the support members 2, 12, and 22 are less than the strength and rigidity of the impact receivers 3, 13, and 23, appropriate frictional resistance cannot be obtained during press-fitting. Therefore, it is not possible to sufficiently obtain an effect of stably absorbing the impact with time while reducing the initial load.

Further, as described above, in the shock absorbing structure 1, 11, 21, and country, the support member 2,12,22 is made of metal, the impact receiving body 3,13,23 is made of a resin composition form It is configured. By comprising in this way, an impact can be stably absorbed with time, reducing an initial load more appropriately.

  An example of a load-displacement curve obtained by using the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention as described above is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents displacement, and the vertical axis represents load. (A) shows the displacement until the load becomes zero. (B) shows the load at the time of rising (initial load), and indicates the maximum point load of the mountain that appears first in the load-displacement curve. A larger value of (a) indicates that the impact can be absorbed more stably over time. Moreover, it shows that an initial load can be reduced, so that the value of (b) is small. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the load-displacement curve is a rectangular wave, which indicates that the initial load can be reduced and the impact can be stably absorbed over time.

  Next, FIG. 5 shows an impact buffer module according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the shock absorbing module 31 shown in FIG. 5, the shock absorbing structure 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is used as the first shock absorber 32, and the shock absorbing structure 21 shown in FIG. 3 (however, in the illustrated example, A plurality of impact receivers 23 are connected by a plate body 26 or formed integrally with the plate body 26.) is provided as a second buffer portion 33, and the first buffer portion 32 and the second buffer portion 33 are provided. The buffer portion 33 is combined. The second buffer portion 33 is disposed downstream of the first buffer portion 32 with respect to the impact direction 34. In the first buffer portion 32, in the case of the press-fit hole 5 of the cylindrical impact receiver 3 and the support member 2 having a circular cross section, the diameter before press-fit is determined from the inner diameter d1 of the press-fit hole 5 as described above. Also, the outer diameter D1 of the impact receiver 3 is set to be slightly larger, and is set so as to satisfy a desired press-fitting condition. Similarly, in the second buffer portion 33, when the impact receiving body 23 is cylindrical and the press-fitting hole 25 of the support member 22 has a circular cross section, the diameter before press-fitting is similarly determined from the inner diameter d2 of each press-fitting hole 25. Also, the outer diameter D2 of each impact receiving body 23 is set slightly larger, and is set so as to satisfy a desired press-fitting condition. The cross-sectional area of the first buffer 32 in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the impact receiving body 3 into the press-fitting hole 5 is the press-fitting into each press-fitting hole 25 of each impact receiving body 23 in the second buffer 33. It is set larger than the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the direction. That is, in the illustrated example, it is assumed that each impact receiving body and each press-fitting hole are circular in cross section, so that the outer diameter D1 of the impact receiving body 3 and the inner diameter d1 of the press-fitting hole 5 in the first buffer portion 32 are It is set larger than the outer diameter D2 of each impact receiving body 23 and the inner diameter d2 of each press-fitting hole 25 in the second buffer 33. By adopting such a configuration, as described above, a high shock can be absorbed by the first buffer portion 32 and a low shock can be absorbed by the second buffer portion 33, while further reducing the initial load. The impact can be absorbed more stably with time, and the protection target disposed downstream of the impact buffer module 31 with respect to the impact direction 34 can be more appropriately protected.

  Moreover, in such an impact buffer module 31, as described above as a preferred embodiment, the maximum value of the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the impact receiver 3 in the first buffer portion 32 is the second value. This is larger than the maximum value of the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of one shock receiver 23 in the buffer portion 33. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to more reliably absorb a high impact by the first buffer portion 32 and to absorb a low impact by the second buffer portion 33, and to shock buffer the impact direction 34. The protection target arranged on the downstream side of the module 31 can be protected more appropriately.

  FIG. 6 shows an impact buffer module 61 having a rotation mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, as compared with the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a rotation mechanism is provided at a connection portion between the first buffer portion 32 and the second buffer portion 33. In the illustrated example, this rotating mechanism includes a pin 38 that connects a bracket 38 attached to the support member 22 side of the second buffer portion 33 and a bracket 39 attached to the shock receiver 3 side of the first buffer portion 32. Two types of rotation mechanism 35, which is rotatably connected in the rotation direction R1 in the XZ plane, and a rotation mechanism 36 having a shaft 41 which is joined to the bracket 39 and rotatably supported at one end of the impact receiver 3 are provided. It consists of a combination of rotating mechanisms. In the rotation mechanism 36, the shaft 41, the bracket 39, the bracket 38 coupled via the pin 40, and the entire second buffer portion 33 connected thereto rotate in the rotation direction R2 within the XY plane. It is connected freely. In addition, in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the rotation in which the bracket 42 is rotatably supported by the pin 43 at the upstream end portion of the first buffer portion 32 with respect to the impact direction 34. A mechanism 37 is provided, and by this rotating mechanism 37, the entire impact buffer module 61 is rotatably connected in the rotation direction R3 within the XZ plane. In the case where the shock buffer module 61 is provided as a passenger protection means for a transport device such as a knee bolster, the rotating mechanism 37 is installed on the body side of the transport device, for example, and the shock receiver 23 of the second buffer portion 33 is attached. The connecting plate 26 is installed on the occupant.

  In the embodiment as described above, when the impact direction 34 is deviated from the central axis direction of the impact buffer module 61, or the second buffer portion 33 is angularly displaced in the bending direction with respect to the first buffer portion 32. When rotating relative to the first buffer portion 32, the rotation mechanisms 35, 36, and 37 appropriately and substantially in a direction in which the impact buffer module 61 can efficiently absorb and buffer the impact energy as a whole. Thus, fine adjustment can be automatically performed automatically. As a result, the shock absorbing module 61 as a whole can be brought into a more desirable state, and the shock absorbing module 61 can exhibit high performance.

  FIG. 7 shows an impact buffer module 71 having a spherical receiver on the side of the second buffer portion 33 connected to the first buffer portion 32 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, compared to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the support member 72 of the second buffer portion 33 has the spherical receiver 51 at the end of the connection portion side with the first buffer portion 32. And an end face of a bracket attached to the impact receiving body 3 side of the first buffer portion 32 is formed on a spherical bracket 52 formed on a spherical surface contacting the spherical receiver 51. A spherical receiving structure 53 is constituted by the bracket 52. In order to enable relative movement (relative sliding) in the direction along the spherical surface between the spherical receiver 51 and the spherical bracket 52, the pin 40 connecting the bracket 38 and the spherical bracket 52 is moderate to the spherical bracket 52. It is loosely fitted with a small gap (so that the relative movement amount can be regulated appropriately).

  In such an embodiment, since the force is transmitted by the first buffer portion 32 and the second buffer portion 33 via the spherical receiving structure 53, it is assumed that the direction of the impact load or the load being transmitted has changed somewhat. In addition, the relative spherical motion between the two buffer portions 32 and 33 enables fine adjustment in the direction in which each buffer portion 32 and 33 can absorb and buffer the impact energy most effectively. Therefore, the shock absorbing module 71 as a whole as well as the shock-absorbing parts 32 and 33 can exhibit more excellent shock-absorbing performance in substantially all directions including the oblique direction and the twisting direction. Furthermore, by having the spherical receiving structure 53 between the first buffer part 32 and the second buffer part 33, for example, a plurality of drags f are transmitted from the second buffer part 33 side to the first buffer part 32 side. When trying to be performed, the plurality of drag forces f are efficiently focused on one resultant force F, and the resultant force F can be directed toward the central axis of the first buffer portion 32. As a result, as described above, a plurality of drags from the second buffer part 33 side that mainly absorbs low impacts are smoothly and reliably generated as a resultant force F on the first buffer part 32 side that mainly absorbs high impacts. Therefore, the shock absorbing module 71 can exhibit high desired performance.

  The shock-absorbing structure and shock-absorbing module of the present invention can be applied to any application that requires shock-absorbing, and can be preferably used particularly for protecting passengers in transportation equipment. That is, when the shock-absorbing structure and shock-absorbing module according to the present invention are installed inside a transportation device, the initial load can be reduced and the impact can be absorbed stably over time. It is extremely suitable as a protective measure. As an example of a more specific application, there is a knee bolster or the like installed inside a transport device such as an automobile for the purpose of stably absorbing impact energy in order to protect an occupant during a collision.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 11, 21 Impact buffer structure 2, 12, 22, 72 Support member 3, 13, 23 Shock receiving body 4, 14, 24, 34 Impact direction 5, 15, 25 Press-fit hole 31, 61, 71 Shock buffer module 32 First shock absorber 33 Second shock absorber 35, 36, 37 Rotating mechanism 38, 39, 42 Bracket 41 Shaft 40, 43 Pin 51 Spherical receiver 52 Spherical bracket 53 Spherical receiver structure

Claims (9)

At least one impact receiver configured in a hollow structure;
A collision of a transportation device having at least one press-fitting hole, which is disposed upstream or downstream of the impact receiver with respect to the impact direction and into which the impact receiver is press-fitted when receiving an impact. An impact buffer structure for protecting an occupant that absorbs impact at the time , wherein the support member is made of metal and the impact receiver is made of a resin composition, and the strength and rigidity of the support member are An impact buffer structure characterized by being equal to or greater than the strength and rigidity of an impact receiver.   The outer shape of the impact receiver is columnar or frustum-shaped, and the shape of a cross section of the outer shape of the impact receiver in a direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the impact receiver is a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon. Item 2. The shock absorbing structure according to Item 1.   The area of the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the shock receiver is changed in the press-fitting direction, and the maximum value of the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the shock receiver is the maximum of the press-fitting hole. The shock-absorbing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shock-absorbing structure is larger than an area of a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction.   The impact buffer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the resin composition contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyamide resin, a polypropylene resin, a polyethylene resin, a polyester resin, and a polycarbonate resin.   The first buffer portion configured by the impact buffer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and disposed on the downstream side of the first buffer portion with respect to the impact direction, An impact buffer module for protecting an occupant of a transport device having a second buffer portion configured by any of the shock buffer structures, wherein the second buffer portion includes a plurality of impact receivers and press-fit holes. Having an impact buffer module.   The maximum value of the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the impact receiver in the first buffer portion is the area of the cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the press-in direction of one shock receiver in the second buffer portion. 6. The shock absorbing module according to claim 5, wherein the shock absorbing module is larger than a maximum value.   The impact buffer module according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a rotation mechanism is provided at a connection portion between the first buffer portion and the second buffer portion.   The impact buffer module according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising a rotation mechanism at an upstream end portion of the first buffer portion with respect to the impact direction.   The impact buffering module according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein a spherical receiver is provided on a connection portion side of the second buffering portion with the first buffering portion.

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