JP6292563B1 - Building and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To realize a daily life and / or activity space itself as a clean space of class 100 or more as it is, and to maintain carbon dioxide and other concentrations at a level required by laws and regulations in addition to oxygen concentration. Provide buildings that can do. A building includes a room having a living space such as a living space. The living space 101 does not enter and exit as an air flow between the inside and the outside, and at least a part of the interface between the living space 101 and the outside does not pass dust particles, gas molecules pass, diffusion By being separated by a film 310 having a constant D and a thickness L, there is an internal gas refreshing capability equivalent to the direct entry and exit of gas in the living space 101, and Alternatively, when the ventilation air flow required for other reasons is F, the area A of the membrane 310 is set to satisfy A ≧ FL / D. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a building and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a room included in a building such as a house or a building where a person performs daily life and / or activities such as sleeping, relaxing, working, and laboring. Without reducing the volume ratio of the living / activity space to the entire building, the number of dust particles such as dust and fungi inside can be maintained below a certain level, and a clean air (air) environment free from these contamination from outside can be realized. For example, it is suitable for use as a place for residence, recreation, experiment, manufacturing / painting work, nursing activities, medical / dental treatment, and the like.

  With the development of computer technology, human beings have realized an unprecedented advanced and convenient environment for information processing / communication environment, which is a stimulating and impeccable place for the brain. However, on the other hand, the environment for the body is not always good in the modern society because of the increase of pollutants, dust in the air, floating infectious bacteria, etc.

  Consider a case where a person is active in the living space at an oxygen consumption rate B (for example, exercise, sleeping, or enjoying a hot pot using a simple gas stove). In a room where ordinary people are active, a certain amount of ventilation is required by laws and regulations such as the Building Standards Law. This is usually accomplished by introducing a certain amount of outside air into the room. However, although the room partitioned by the shoji is not mechanically introduced into the room, the room and the room adjacent to the room are regarded as one room. In this case, it cannot necessarily be said that quantitative evaluation such as the required shoji area based on modern science has been made.

  On the other hand, a clean environment has conventionally existed for large-scale semiconductor manufacturing. However, this is for professional use, that is, for industrial use, and has not been introduced for so-called consumer use used for ordinary houses. In the 21st century, the importance of the environment has increased as the personal computer erupted in the world of computers, with the distinction of “Computer for the rest of us”, in line with the large computer mainframe for business. As it grows, the “clean environment version” of personal computers may appear. In fact, the personal clean space at the opposite end of the “mainframe”, which is a large-scale clean room that has been improved for a long time, is not limited to pure consumer use, but avoids the risk of infectious diseases such as hospitals and nursing homes for the elderly. Is always important in situations where is important. Especially from the viewpoint of PM2.5 problems, hay fever countermeasures, as well as alleviation of asthma symptoms and bacterial pneumonia, air environment including microbial environment (microbiological environment) in living space. Control is thus becoming increasingly important in the future.

Under such a background, the present inventor has at least one room, and the room has a living space and / or work space that is a closed space inside, and the room has its living space and / or work space. A fan / filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent out into the space is provided, and all of the gas flowing out from the blowout port into the living and / or working space is contained in the fan / filter unit. In a highly clean room system or building, wherein the room wall is provided with an opening for exhausting gas to the outside of the living and / or working space. By constructing at least a part of the wall with a part of a membrane (gas exchange membrane) that does not allow dust particles to pass through and allows gas molecules to pass therethrough, Gas molecules are between the outer space and the room interior space surrounding the room was to be replaced by the concentration gradient through the membrane (Patent Documents 1-3). In this case, when the volume of the living and / or working space is V, the diffusion constant of oxygen in the film on the wall is D, and the thickness of the film is L, the room has the volume V and the area A of the film, { The design was performed by scaling with (V / A) / (D / L)}. The oxygen consumption rate inside the living and / or working space is B, the oxygen volume when there is no oxygen consumption inside the living and / or working space in equilibrium with the outside is V _O2 , and the living and / or working space is When the target oxygen concentration is η (η> 0.18), the area A of the film is
It is set to satisfy. According to this highly clean room system or building, it looks as if it is a clean space of class 100 or higher, without changing the volume ratio, without changing the daily living space itself. And the oxygen concentration in the living and / or working space can be at a level required by law.

Patent No. 5329720 Japanese Patent No. 5839426 Japanese Patent No. 5839429

  However, subsequent studies by the inventor have revealed that the area A required for the gas exchange membrane may not be sufficient for carbon dioxide gas exchange depending on the interior configuration of the room. did. This is because the number of digits after the decimal point of the partial pressure of the gas to be controlled differs depending on the gas type. For this reason, it is necessary to maintain the carbon dioxide and other concentrations in the room at a level required by law or other reasons, but no actual proposal has been made so far. .

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is based on a new concept of ventilation, while matching with a standard format of modern architecture, the daily life and / or activity space itself, for example, a clean space of class 100 or higher as it is. In addition to oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide and other concentrations can be maintained at the levels required by law or other reasons, for example, in hospitals, public facilities, and general households in Japan. It is to provide a building suitable for use in an overseas school where it is difficult to say that the atmospheric environment is always good and a method for manufacturing the same.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides:
Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space that is a closed space inside, and the living and / or activity space does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside, and the living and / or activity space At least a part of the interface between the active space and the outside world is separated by a film having a diffusion constant D and a thickness L through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass, so that the living space and / or the active space directly. When the ventilation air volume required for laws and other reasons for the living and / or activity space is F, the area of the membrane is equivalent. A is
A ≧ FL / D
It is a building that is set to satisfy.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space that is a closed space inside, and the living and / or activity space does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside, and the living and / or activity space Equivalent to the presence and absence of direct gas in and out of the living and / or activity space, because at least part of the interface between the activity space and the outside world does not pass through dust particles and is separated by a membrane through which gas molecules pass. There is a refreshing ability of the internal gas,
When the membrane has a volume of the living and / or activity space as V, an area of the membrane as A ′, a thickness as L 1 , and a diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the membrane as D ′, {(V / A ′ ) / (D ′ / L )} and has an area A ′ set by scaling with
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm), the area A ′ of the membrane is
It is a building that is set to satisfy.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space that is a closed space inside, and the living and / or activity space does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside, and the living and / or activity space Equivalent to the presence and absence of direct gas in and out of the living and / or activity space, because at least part of the interface between the activity space and the outside world does not pass through dust particles and is separated by a membrane through which gas molecules pass. There is a refreshing ability of the internal gas,
The film has MAX (A _min ) with respect to the lower limit value A _min of the area A of the film obtained by (1) below and the lower limit value A ′ _min of the area A ′ of the film obtained by (2) below. , A ' _min ).
(1) When the area of the membrane is A, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of gas molecules in the membrane is D, the ventilation air flow required for the living and / or activity space for legal or other reasons Is the area A of the film that satisfies A ≧ FL / D.
(2) When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the area of the membrane is A ′, the thickness is L 1 , and the diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the membrane is D ′, the area A ′ of the membrane is Set by scaling with {(V / A ′) / (D ′ / L )},
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm),
The area A ′ of the film that satisfies

Here, the lower limit value A _min of the film area A is the right side of A ≧ FL / D, and the lower limit value A ′ _min of the film area A ′ is the minimum value satisfying the equation (18). MAX (A _min , A ′ _min ) means the larger of A _min and A ′ _min .

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space which is a closed space inside,
At least a part of the interface between the living and / or activity space and the outside world is separated by a membrane through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass;
Inside the living and / or activity space, an opening for sucking air inside the living and / or activity space, and after the suction air is cleaned, the entire amount thereof is again transferred to the inside of the living and / or activity space. And a pair of outlets to return to
When the membrane has a volume of the living and / or activity space as V, an area of the membrane as A ′, a thickness as L 1 , and a diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the membrane as D ′, {(V / A ′ ) / (D ′ / L )} and has an area A ′ set by scaling with
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm), the area A ′ of the membrane is
It is a building that is set to satisfy.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space that is a closed space inside, and the living and / or activity space does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside, and the living and / or activity space A method of manufacturing a building, wherein at least a part of an interface between an active space and the outside world is separated by a film having a diffusion constant D and a thickness L, through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass,
When the ventilation air volume required for laws and other reasons for the living and / or activity space is F, the area A of the membrane is
A ≧ FL / D
By setting so as to satisfy the above condition, a method for manufacturing a building is provided, which provides an internal gas refreshing capability equivalent to the direct entry and exit of gas in the living and / or activity space.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space which is a closed space inside,
The room is provided with a fan filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent out into the living and / or activity space, and flows into the living and / or activity space from the blowout port. All of the gas to be recirculated to the suction port of the fan / filter unit ,
Having at least one gas exchange device;
The gas exchange device
Having a box-like structure constituting a closed space, having at least two gas inlets and at least two gas outlets;
One of the at least two gas inlets communicates with one of the at least two gas outlets, and another one of the at least two gas inlets communicates with the other one of the at least two gas outlets. Communication,
The two communication passages are configured so as to be separated from each other by a membrane through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass while forming independent flow paths.
Air introduced from an external space surrounding the room is introduced from one of the gas suction ports into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device, and the gas discharge port communicating with the gas suction port is passed to the external space. While the inside air of the living and / or activity space is introduced into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device from the other one of the gas suction ports, the gas discharge port communicates with the gas suction port. Returned to the living and / or activity space from the exit,
When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the area of the film is A ′, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of oxygen dioxide in the film is D ′, the membrane has {(V / A ′ ) / (D ′ / L)} and has an area A ′ set by scaling with
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm), the area A ′ of the membrane is
It is a building that is set to satisfy.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space which is a closed space inside,
The room is provided with a fan filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent out into the living and / or activity space, and flows into the living and / or activity space from the blowout port. All of the gas to be recirculated to the suction port of the fan / filter unit ,
Having at least one gas exchange device;
The gas exchange device
Having a box-like structure constituting a closed space, having at least two gas inlets and at least two gas outlets;
One of the at least two gas inlets communicates with one of the at least two gas outlets, and another one of the at least two gas inlets communicates with the other one of the at least two gas outlets. Communication,
The two communication passages are configured to be separated from each other with a membrane through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass while forming independent flow paths, respectively.
Air introduced from an external space surrounding the room is introduced from one of the gas suction ports into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device, and the gas discharge port communicating with the gas suction port is passed to the external space. While the inside air of the living and / or activity space is introduced into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device from the other one of the gas suction ports, the gas discharge port communicates with the gas suction port. Returned to the living and / or activity space from the exit,
The film has MAX (A _min ) with respect to the lower limit value A _min of the area A of the film obtained by (1) below and the lower limit value A ′ _min of the area A ′ of the film obtained by (2) below. , A ' _min ).
(1) When the area of the membrane is A, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of gas molecules in the membrane is D, the ventilation air flow required for the living and / or activity space for legal or other reasons Is the area A of the film that satisfies A ≧ FL / D.
(2) When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the area of the film is A ′, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the film is D ′, the area A ′ of the film is Set by scaling with {(V / A ′) / (D ′ / L)},
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm),
The area A ′ of the film that satisfies

In this building invention, preferably, the gas exchange device is configured such that the inside air of the living and / or activity space is introduced into the box-shaped structure from the other one of the gas inlets, and the gas inlets are provided. The amount of air f returned from the gas discharge port communicating with the living and / or activity space to the F is
f ≧ F
It is set to satisfy.

  Here, the gas exchange device is preferably a space between the wall constituting the room and the living and / or activity space, specifically, for example, a double wall provided in the attic or the side wall of the room. Installed inside.

  A room is comprised by the enclosure which comprises closed space, and, specifically, a room of a building etc. are mentioned, for example. Buildings include, for example, detached rooms, apartments, condominiums, buildings, hospitals, movie theaters, nursing homes, schools, nurseries, kindergartens, gymnasiums, factories, painting rooms, lacquered rooms, and all other rooms that support human activities. Can be mentioned. The room can also be applied to, for example, a room inside a mobile body having an internal space, and examples of the mobile body include an automobile, an ambulance, an airplane, a passenger train, a passenger bus, a yacht cabin, and a passenger ship. It is done.

  There is no air flow between the inside and outside of the living and / or activity space. For example, during the operation of this building, the air flow related to the living and / or activity space is both in and out. It means strictly zero, but is not limited to this, for example, a clean air flow with a flow rate much less than the air flow rate that is 100% circulating feedback of living and / or activity space is taken in and out. Including. Also, the absence of a net air flow between the inside and outside of the living and / or activity space includes, for example, that the inside and outside of the room is isobaric.

  Living and / or activity space is, for example, a space in which people carry out daily life / activities such as sleeping, relaxing, working, working, etc., living, resting, experimenting, manufacturing / painting work, nursing activities, medical / It is suitable for use as a place for dental treatment.

  The membrane that allows gas molecules to pass through without passing through the dust particles (gas exchange membrane) is basically not limited as long as the gas molecules can pass through the space separated by the membrane without passing through the dust particles. However, for example, even if the pressure difference in the space where the gas molecules pass without passing through the dust particles is zero, if there is a difference in the partial pressure of the gas components constituting the air on both sides of the membrane, It is preferable that gas molecules can be exchanged. Here, “the dust fine particles do not pass” includes not only the case where the dust fine particles do not pass completely (100%) but also the case where the dust fine particles do not pass strictly 100% (the same applies hereinafter). Specifically, in addition to the traditional shoji paper used in the past, medium performance filters, HEPA filters, ULPA filters and the like can be mentioned. More specifically, the dust fine particle rejection rate (transmittance) is not 100% (0%), but is at least 90% (10% or less), preferably 99%, for particles having a particle size of 10 μm or more. (1%) or less. The material of the membrane that allows gas molecules to pass through without passing through dust particles is selected as necessary.For example, dustproof filter material, shoji paper, non-woven fabric, synthetic fibers such as polyester or acrylic, and cellulose-based materials such as pulp and rayon Fiber is used.

  A method for deriving the inequality A ≧ FL / D and the equation (18) in the present invention will be described.

Consider a life and / or activity space with a certain volume V (a space where humans live and act). It is assumed that ventilation is done with air flow F according to the Building Standard Law. It can be assumed that the air in this space is swirled quickly enough by this air flow, and the gas molecules that make up the air in both sides are uniformed quickly enough, and at this time, the spatial coordinate dependence should be ignored inside this room. Can do. It is assumed that an activity of oxygen consumption B (m ³ / s) is performed in this room. If the oxygen concentration inside the room at time t is η (t) and the outside oxygen concentration (= the oxygen concentration when there is no oxygen consumption inside the room) is η _o , the oxygen volume Vη (t + δt) at time t + δt is , Using oxygen volume Vη (t) at time t
Can be written. The second term of the equation (1) is a decrease in oxygen volume accompanying oxygen consumption during the time interval (t, t + δt), and the third term is the fresh air (oxygen concentration η ₀₎ through ventilation of the air volume F during that time. The fourth term has the same amount of internal air (note that its oxygen concentration is η (t)). It shows the decrease in oxygen volume due to exhaust during that time. By transferring the first term on the right side to the left side and dividing both sides by δt, the differential equation:
Is obtained. As an initial condition, since the indoor oxygen concentration at time t = 0 is equal to that in the outside world, η (0) = η ₀ holds, so the solution of the differential equation (2) is
It is obtained. When enough time has elapsed, the system reaches a steady state, and the exponential function part of Equation (3) becomes zero, or as shown by the fact that the left side of Equation (2) becomes zero. Concentration is constant
Converge to.

On the other hand, when a living and / or activity space having a volume V is established as an isolated system without exchange of airflow with the outside world, the “boundary surface with the outside world” that defines this living and / or activity space as a closed space is defined as The air flow across is zero. In other words, the amount of air flowing into the room (= the amount of air flowing out of the room) F is zero. Instead, a partition wall is formed using a film having a gas exchange capability in a part of the boundary surface. The area of the film is A, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of gas molecules passing through the film is D. Assuming that oxygen is consumed at B (m ³ / s) per unit time in the room forming this isolated closed space, the Avogadro number is N ₀ , and 1 at the pressure (˜1 atm) where the system is placed. When the gas volume per mole is C, the area of the partition wall (gas exchange membrane) is A, and the oxygen flux entering the inside of the enclosure through the partition wall is j, the oxygen volume Vη (t + δt) at time t + δt is Using oxygen volume Vη (t) at time t
Holds. Also here (as will be described later, if a 100% circulation feedback system is constructed in the room, the air flow in the living and / or activity space is stirred quickly enough by the air flow generated by the fan filter unit. Since the constituent gas molecules are homogenized sufficiently early in the living and / or activity space, it is used that the spatial coordinate dependence can be ignored with a good approximation inside the living and / or activity space. The third term on the right-hand side of the equation (5) is that oxygen molecules flowing in due to a difference in oxygen concentration (concentration gradient) on both sides of the gas exchange membrane (that is, between the living and / or activity space and the outside). (Oxygen enters the living and / or activity space not as an air flow but as a molecular diffusion, which is completely different from the phenomenon described in the above equations (1) to (4)). Different). In equation (5), j is
Given in. Where φ is the number of oxygen molecules per unit volume in the living and / or activity space, D is the diffusion constant of oxygen in the gas exchange membrane, and when the direction perpendicular to the gas exchange membrane is the x axis, This is a differential operator in the x-axis direction. Assuming that the volume of the living and / or activity space is V and the thickness of the gas exchange membrane is L, L is about three orders of magnitude smaller than the size of the living and / or activity space and can be regarded as extremely thin. Is
And can be approximated with good accuracy. η ₀ is the oxygen concentration in the outside world as in the expressions (1) and (2), and is usually about 20.9%. From equation (7), the differential equation
Is guided. The exact solution of Equation (8) is
It is obtained. Here, since we are interested in the solution corresponding to the steady state after a sufficient amount of time, if the left side of equation (8) is set to 0, the oxygen concentration at time t is
(Same as t → ∞ in equation (9)).
Here, a method of ensuring indoor oxygen concentration by ventilating with an air volume F in accordance with the Building Standard Law, etc., and a membrane functioning as a gas exchange membrane such as shoji paper are used as part of the living and / or activity space. Thus, it is possible to compare the two cases in which oxygen is supplied from the outside (using the diffusion of oxygen in the gas exchange membrane in the direction of relaxing the concentration gradient) into the room (enclosure). That is, when comparing Equation (2) and Equation (8) [or Equation (4) and Equation (10)],
The method of ventilating with the air volume F in accordance with the Building Standards Law, etc., and ensuring the indoor oxygen concentration, and the gas exchange membrane having area A, thickness L, and molecular diffusion constant D such as shoji paper It has been shown to be equivalent to use for part of the boundary of the outside world. This is because nitrogen in the air is basically a bystander for life support activities. Where conventional non-zero airflow ventilation corresponds to “whole blood donation”, the method of the present invention is easy to understand when considered to be equivalent to “component blood donation”. The effectiveness of Japanese traditional shoji is now understood with strict quantitativeness. When dimensional analysis is performed, the air volume F has a dimension of [m ³ / s], and AD / L has the dimension [(m ² · m ³ / s) / m] = [m ³ / s], which is exactly the air volume. The equivalence is supported by having the dimension of. That is, the method of ensuring indoor oxygen concentration by ventilating with the air volume F according to the Building Standards Law etc. is a gas exchange membrane having A, D, and L that satisfies the formula (11) and has an airtight life and / or Alternatively, equivalent oxygen exchange capacity can be ensured by using it at the boundary between the activity space and the outside world. This boundary / interface may be a single gas exchange membrane (referred to as Gas Exchange Membrane: GEM, if necessary), or a large number of sheets may be accumulated so that both sides of each membrane surface are exposed to the inside and outside air. It is also possible to use a single body in which the gas flows in layers, that is, a gas exchange device (referred to as Gas Exchange Box: G × B if necessary). As a result, the necessary gas components (for example, oxygen) are supplied from the outside world into a highly airtight living and / or activity space through diffusion that occurs in the presence of concentration gradients, rather than ventilation based on mechanical driving force. Alternatively, it is possible to discharge unnecessary gas components (for example, carbon dioxide) from the inside of a certain closed space to the outside (having a quantitative area configured as a part of the closed space). An exchange membrane can be provided. Since the energy equipartition law holds, the diffusion constant of each gas molecule in the gas exchange membrane only follows the square root (reciprocal) of the mass of the molecule. For example, carbon dioxide and oxygen differ in number of digits. There are some differences in the pre-coefficients (both on the order of -10 ^-5 m ² / s).

Next, consider oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation when combustion occurs within the living and / or activity space. If carbon simply burns,
In the sugar-based combustion, finally
Thus, it can be said that oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation are approximately 1: 1. The change in the concentration ξ (t) of carbon dioxide accompanying the combustion of the carbon-based compound is a direction in which the concentration increases with combustion. When the internal concentration increases, the carbon dioxide is released to the outside. '(M ³ / s), carbon dioxide concentration in the outside world as ξ _o , gas exchange membrane area as A', and diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the gas exchange membrane as D '
Is established. Than this
Is obtained. The solution of this equation is as follows: When time t = 0 and the carbon dioxide concentration is in an equilibrium state inside and outside, ξ (0) = ξo
It becomes. When enough time has passed, the carbon dioxide concentration is
However, when the internal carbon dioxide concentration is a certain value Co larger than the equation (15) at the time t = 0, the solution of the equation (13) is
It becomes.

Consider the case where the concentration of carbon dioxide in the living and / or activity space starts from a situation where it is initially in equilibrium with the outside world, and a person is active inside the living and / or activity space. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the living and / or activity space is required not to exceed a certain value ξ _max by legal regulations. Taking this into account, the target carbon dioxide concentration ξ (ξ <ξ _max ) is
In order to satisfy this, the area A ′ of the gas exchange membrane is
If so, the carbon dioxide concentration inside the living and / or activity space does not exceed the legal regulation value, and the safety of the person who is active inside is maintained.

Assuming that the target carbon dioxide concentration is ξ (satisfy ξ <ξ _max ) so that a certain activity within a living and / or activity space does not exceed this, the equation ( From 18), a guideline is obtained that the smaller the carbon dioxide generation amount, the thinner the gas exchange membrane, and the larger the gas exchange membrane having a larger diffusion constant of carbon dioxide molecules, the smaller the required area A is. . Transform this
Is obtained. The numerator on the left side is determined only by the shape of the living and / or activity space (the aspect ratio of the living and / or activity space), and the denominator is determined only by the nature of the gas exchange membrane. The left side, which is the ratio between the numerator and denominator, which are more distinct from each other, determines the time constant of the response. From equation (19), it can be seen that this response time needs to be smaller (ie, respond faster) as the carbon dioxide generation rate is larger. A set of (V, A ′, D ′, L) that gives the same value for the amount on the left side of equation (19) has the same response time as life and / or activity space even if each value is different. . With this scaling law, a highly clean system can be designed for any living and / or activity space.

There are several standards that give the carbon dioxide concentration to be observed. For example, it is desirable that it is 1000 ppm or less in the building environmental hygiene management standard, and 1500 ppm or less in the school environmental health standard, but it is reported that, for example, in an actual classroom of a school, it becomes 2500 ppm to 3000 ppm depending on the situation. (It is not related to life, but it has been pointed out that it is dull or weak in concentration). The hygienic limit value is set to 5000 ppm. In the case of oxygen, the standard concentration of 20.9% is desirably about 20%, but a value of 18.5% is given as a value that does not cause health and activity problems. ing. Therefore, in order to determine the gas exchange membrane area so as to satisfy the above-mentioned reference concentration, in order to comply with carbon dioxide, an area approximately one digit larger than that for oxygen is required. It can be seen from how the concentration variable is incorporated in the inequality of 18). For this reason, in order to increase the gas exchange capacity, a stack structure of a large number of gas exchange membranes as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 described later is used as a core, and indoor gas (inside air) and outside air are passed through this through the gas exchange membrane. Thus, it can be seen that setting the gas component itself so as not to be mixed directly as an air flow but allowing the gas component itself to be exchanged by diffusion due to the concentration gradient is particularly effective in discharging carbon dioxide from the room to the room. The diffusion constants of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air are about 1.7 × 10 ⁻⁵ m ² / s and about 1.6 × 10 ⁻⁵ m ² / s, respectively. Since it takes several tens of hours to make the concentration of life and / or activity space on the order of several meters constant by diffusion alone, it is not practical. In order to perform gas exchange efficiently and then immediately level the gas concentration in the living and / or activity space, two fans are installed in the gas exchange device, and the flow of outside air and after gas exchange It is preferable to generate a flow of the inside air that recirculates into the room significantly. The air volume is generally set to 0.1 to several hundred m ³ / min depending on the size of the living and / or activity space. The face spacing (width) of the gas exchange membrane in the region through which the inside air passes and the face spacing (width) of the gas exchange membrane in the region through which the outside air passes are selected as necessary. For example, the face interval of the gas exchange membrane in the region through which the inside air passes can be adjusted to be small so that the time required for gas exchange can be shortened, and the face interval of the gas exchange membrane in the region through which the outside air passes can be set larger. With such an asymmetric setting of the face spacing of the gas exchange membrane, an effect of locally bringing the component concentration after gas exchange close to the concentration of the outside air through the volume ratio is expected. If the above fan air flow is sufficiently large, it is possible to set the fan spacing symmetrically, and the fan can be set symmetrically inside / outside air, which is powerful in terms of symmetry and stability of the whole system. is there.

  According to the present invention, even if there is no exchange of gas between the inside and outside of the living and / or activity space (even if the air volume F = 0 for exchange of the internal and external airflow), the effective through the diffusion of gas molecules. The effect equivalent to ventilating with the air volume F can be obtained. That is, it is possible to quantitatively give the area of the gas exchange membrane for keeping the gas concentration determined by laws and regulations or the gas concentration determined for other reasons as a minimum. Combined with a 100% circulation feedback system, this guarantees the safety and security of people who are working in a clean environment, gas environment, and inside the room (workers, students who are studying, etc.). Can be realized.

It is sectional drawing which shows the building by 1st Embodiment. It is a top view which shows an example of the box-shaped structure which the gas exchange apparatus used for the building by 1st Embodiment has. It is a front view which shows an example of the box-shaped structure which the gas exchange apparatus used for the building by 1st Embodiment has. It is a side view which shows an example of the box-shaped structure which the gas exchange apparatus used for the building by 1st Embodiment has. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. It is the front view and side view which show an example of the gas exchange apparatus used for the building by 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the building by 2nd Embodiment. It is the perspective view which looked at the two wall surfaces which mutually cross | intersect from the inside of the living space etc. of the room of the building by 2nd Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows a mode that the gas exchange apparatus 300 is accommodated in the space of the back side of one wall surface of the living space etc. of the room of the building by 2nd Embodiment. It is the perspective view which looked at the two wall surfaces which mutually cross | intersect from the inside of the living space etc. of the room of the building by 2nd Embodiment. It is the front view which shows an example of the gas exchange apparatus used for the building by 2nd Embodiment, a left view, and a right view. It is a top view which shows the air conditioner installed in the ceiling of the room of the building by 3rd Embodiment, the state with which the filter unit was mounted | worn on the front panel of this air conditioner, and a filter unit. It is sectional drawing which shows the building by 4th Embodiment. 2 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a gas exchange device produced in Example 1. FIG. 6 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a gas exchange device produced in Example 2. FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows spaces, such as the life of the room of the building by Example 2. FIG. FIG. 17 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a state in which the gas exchange device shown in FIG. 15 is installed in the space behind one shoji in the living space shown in FIG. 16. It is a basic diagram which shows the result of having measured the time change of the oxygen concentration when a gas stove was burned indoors in Example 2, and the carbon dioxide concentration. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a change with time of cleanliness measured in Example 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a change with time of cleanliness measured in Example 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a change with time of cleanliness measured in Example 3.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the invention (hereinafter referred to as “embodiments”) will be described.

<1. First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 shows a building according to the first embodiment. A building generally has a plurality of rooms, but only one room is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, this building has a highly airtight room 100 except for the air supply port 10 and the exhaust port 20. The room 100 forms a closed space. The shape of the room 100 is determined as necessary. For example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a rectangular planar shape, or a concave hexagonal (or L-shaped) planar shape obtained by cutting a rectangular region of a rectangular planar shape. Having a U-shaped planar shape, or a part or all of these inner walls being curved. A living and / or activity space (hereinafter referred to as “a living space”) 101 and a ceiling back 102 are provided as partial spaces constituting the closed space. The ceiling back 102 is an internal space formed by a double ceiling. This double ceiling is constituted by a top surface 103 of the room 100 and a ceiling wall 104 provided below the top surface 103 so as to face each other at a certain distance from the top surface 103. In other words, the living space 101 and the ceiling 102 are separated by the ceiling wall 104. The living space 101 is a space in which one or more people live, work, and gather, and has a necessary size. The room is provided with windows and doors for people to enter and exit, but their illustration and description are omitted.

  A fan / filter unit 200 and a gas exchange device 300 are installed on the ceiling wall 104 of the living space 101. The ceiling wall 104 is provided with a pair of openings 104a and 104b at portions corresponding to the air inlet 201 and the air outlet 202 of the fan / filter unit 200, respectively. Openings 104c and 104d are provided in portions corresponding to the mouth 302, respectively. Then, the air in the living space 101 is sucked from the opening 104a, enters the air suction port 201 of the fan / filter unit 200, and the entire amount of the air purified by the fan / filter unit 200 is discharged from the air outlet 202. The air is blown into the space 101. That is, a 100% circulation feedback system is configured. Further, the outside air inlet 303 of the gas exchange device 300 is connected to the air inlet 10 provided on the side wall 105 of the room 100 through a duct as necessary, and the outlet 304 is connected to the duct as needed. And connected to an exhaust port 20 provided in the side wall 106. Further, the inside air recovery port 301 of the gas exchange device 300 is connected to an opening 104c provided in the ceiling wall 104 through a duct as necessary, and the reflux port 302 is connected to the ceiling through a duct as necessary. It is connected to an opening 104 d provided on the wall 104. At least one gas exchange membrane 310 is provided in the gas exchange section inside the gas exchange device 300. The inside air of the living space 101 is introduced into one space separated by the gas exchange membrane 310 of the gas exchange section through the opening 104c provided in the ceiling wall 104 and the inside air recovery port 301 of the gas exchange device 300. In addition, oxygen in the outside air is introduced into the other space separated by the gas exchange membrane 310 of the gas exchange section through the air supply port 10 provided in the side wall 105 and the outside air introduction port 303 of the gas exchange device 300. Passes through the gas exchange membrane 310 and is introduced into the one space, and carbon dioxide in the inside air introduced into the one space passes through the gas exchange membrane 310 in a direction opposite to that of oxygen. It is introduced into the other space. Thus, the inside air supplied with oxygen from the outside air is returned to the living space 101 through the return port 302 of the gas exchange device 300. In addition, the outside air supplied with carbon dioxide from the inside air is discharged to the outside from the discharge port 304 of the gas exchange device 300 and the exhaust port 20 provided in the side wall 106.

  The gas exchange device 300 is specifically configured as follows, for example. 2-5 shows an example of a structure of the gas exchange part 350 inside the gas exchange apparatus 300. FIG. 2 to 5 are a top view, a front view, a side view, and a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 6A and 6B are a front view and a side view of the gas exchange device 300, respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the gas exchange unit 350 is configured as follows. That is, the gas exchange membrane 310 is stretched on two spacers S ₁ having a height h ₁ of a rectangular cross section provided along two sides facing each other on one surface of a square flat plate 351, and on that. A gas exchange membrane 310 stretched on a spacer S ₂ having a rectangular cross-section height h ₂ provided in a portion corresponding to two opposite sides perpendicular to the spacer S ₁ is laminated, A gas exchange membrane 310 stretched on a spacer S ₁ having a height h ₁ is laminated. Similarly, a gas exchange membrane 310 stretched on the spacer S ₂ and a gas exchange membrane on the spacer S _1. The plate 310 is stretched alternately and repeatedly, and the gas exchange membrane 310 is stretched on the last spacer S ₁ , and the plate 352 having the same shape as the plate 351 is opposed to each other. The height h ₂ of the rectangular cross section provided along the side Two spacer S ₂ is provided by the spacer S ₂ below. In this example, a total of 19 gas exchange membranes 310 are provided. The total area of the gas exchange membrane 310 included in the gas exchange unit 350 is determined so as to satisfy the equation (18), A ≧ FL / D, or MAX (A _min , A ′ _min ) or more. . Because the gas exchange membrane 310 is typically very thin, ignoring the thickness of approximately h ₂ is the distance between the separated by a spacer S ₂ two gas exchange membrane 310, two of which are separated by a spacer S ₁ The distance between the gas exchange membranes 310 is approximately h ₁ . The space between the two gas exchange membranes 310 separated by the spacer S ₂ is a space through which the inside air passes, and the space between the two gas exchange membranes 310 separated by the spacer S ₁ passes through the outside air. Space. The direction in which the outside air and the inside air flow is almost orthogonal. h ₁ and h ₂ are selected as needed. In order to efficiently exchange carbon dioxide in the inside air and oxygen in the outside air through the gas exchange membrane 310, the introduction of the outside air with respect to the amount of the inside air introduced is introduced. Since it is desirable to make the amount relatively large, h ₁ ≧ h ₂ is generally set, and h ₁ > h ₂ is preferably set. The case of h ₁ > h ₂ is shown in the gas exchange unit 350 shown in FIGS. Specifically, for example, h ₁ ≈ (2-7) × h ₂ is selected. As an example, h ₁ = 25 mm and h ₂ = 5 mm. If h ₁ and h ₂ are not equal, the shape of the gas exchange part 350 in FIG. 4 is changed from a square shape according to the ratio of h ₁ and h _2, and the aspect ratio is adjusted in a direction to align the ventilation conductance between the outside air and the inside air. The set rectangle is preferable.

  As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the gas exchange apparatus 300 includes an enclosure 360 whose main body is a dodecahedron. Both sides of the envelope 360 are spread in one direction from the bottom surface and the upper bottom surface of the regular dodecahedron, and one side passing through one ridge line 361 of the envelope 360 has a sufficiently long nine-sided shape compared to the other sides. Yes. Long sides passing through the ridges 361 on both sides of the enclosure 360 are provided with elongated support portions 362 and 363 that protrude perpendicularly to the both sides and extend along the long sides of the enclosure 360. When the gas exchange device 300 is fixed, bolts are fixed to the installation portion through holes (not shown) provided in a plurality of locations of the support portions 362 and 363. A box-shaped gas exchange unit 350 is accommodated in the enclosure 360. The flat plates 351 and 352 on both side surfaces of the gas exchange unit 350 are substantially in contact with both surfaces of the enclosure 360, and the corner ridge lines 351 to 354 of the gas exchange unit 350 are ridge lines 361 and 364 to 366 of the enclosure 360, respectively. Since they coincide with each other, the gas exchange unit 350 is accommodated in the enclosure 360 so as to hardly move. Since the gas exchange membrane 310 is in the vertical direction when the gas exchange device 300 is fixed, even if dust or the like enters the space between the two gas exchange membranes 310 facing each other, the gas exchange membrane 310 falls naturally. It is possible to prevent the gas exchange ability from deteriorating due to dust remaining on the surface of the exchange membrane 310 and clogging.

The four side surfaces 367 to 370 of the enclosure 360 are provided with a cylindrical outside air introduction port 303, a reflux port 302, a discharge port 304, and an inside air recovery port 301, respectively. In this case, the outside air introduced from the outside air inlet 303 passes through the space between the two gas exchange membranes 310 separated by the spacer S ₁ and is then discharged from the outlet 304. Also, the inside air introduced from the inside air recovery port 301 passes through the space between the two gas exchange membranes 310 separated by the spacer S ₂ and is then discharged from the reflux port 302.

  According to the first embodiment, since the total area A ′ of the gas exchange membrane 310 included in the gas exchange unit 350 is determined so as to satisfy the formula (18), the carbon dioxide concentration in addition to the oxygen concentration. Can also be maintained at the level required by law or other reasons. Moreover, the living space 101 can be made into a clean space having a cleanliness of class 100 or higher by the 100% circulation feedback system. This building is suitable for use not only in hospitals, public facilities and ordinary households in Japan, but also in overseas schools where the air environment is not necessarily good.

<2. Second Embodiment>
FIG. 7 shows a building according to the second embodiment. As in the first embodiment, only one room is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, this building has a highly airtight room 100 except for the air supply port 10 and the exhaust port 20. A fan / filter unit 200 is installed on the ceiling wall 104 of the living space 101. FIG. 8 is a view of the two wall surfaces 101a and 101b intersecting each other from the inside of the living space 101. FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, shojis 401 and 402 are attached to these wall surfaces 101a and 101b. A gas exchange membrane 310 is used as the shoji paper of the shoji 401 and 402. Unlike the first embodiment, the gas exchange device 300 is installed not in the ceiling wall 104 but in the space behind the shoji 401. 9 shows a state in which one half of the shoji 401 is opened, and FIG. 10 shows a state in which the shoji 401 is occupied. As shown in FIG. 9, the gas exchange device 300 is installed on a table 500 in a space surrounded by the ceiling wall 104, the side wall 106 of the room 100, the shoji 401 and the table 500.

  Specifically, the gas exchange device 300 is configured as shown in FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C, for example. Here, FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are a front view, a left side view, and a right side view of the gas exchange device 300, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C, the gas exchange device 300 includes a regular square columnar enclosure 360. The gas exchange part 350 shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 is accommodated inside the enclosure 360 in a state rotated by 45 ° with respect to the enclosure 360. More specifically, the gas exchange unit 350 is housed in the enclosure 360 with its four ridge lines inscribed on the bisectors of the side surfaces of the enclosure 360. A cylindrical outside air inlet 303 and a reflux port 302 are respectively provided on one side of the enclosure 360, and a cylindrical outlet 304 and an inside air recovery port 301 are provided on the other side opposite to the side. It has been.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the gas exchange device 300 was fixed on the base 500 with one side surface on which the inside air recovery port 301, the reflux port 302, the outside air introduction port 303, and the discharge port 304 were not provided facing down. It is fixed on the two support members 501 and 502 with L-shaped metal fittings (not shown). One ends of ducts 601, 602, 603, and 604 are connected to the inside air recovery port 301, the reflux port 302, the outside air introduction port 303, and the discharge port 304 of the gas exchange device 300, respectively, and the other ends extend upward to extend the ceiling wall 104. Through the ceiling 102, an opening 104c provided in the ceiling wall 104, an opening 104d provided in the ceiling wall 104, an air supply port 10 provided in the side wall 105, and an exhaust gas provided in the side wall 106, respectively. Connected to the mouth 20. Since the gas exchange membrane 310 is in the vertical direction when the gas exchange device 300 is fixed, even if dust or the like enters the space between the two gas exchange membranes 310 facing each other, the gas exchange membrane 310 falls naturally. It is possible to prevent the gas exchange ability from deteriorating due to dust remaining on the surface of the exchange membrane 310 and clogging.

  Outside air can be introduced into a space behind the shoji 401 where the gas exchange device 300 is provided through a duct (not shown). For this reason, gas exchange can be performed between the space where the gas exchange device 300 is provided and the living space 101 such as the shoji paper 401 of the shoji 401 as the gas exchange membrane 310. Although illustration is omitted, a similar space is also provided on the back side of the shoji 402, and outside air can be introduced into this space through a duct not shown. These spaces are separated from each other.

  The other configuration of the building is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  According to the second embodiment, advantages similar to those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

<3. Third Embodiment>
In the building according to the third embodiment, a normal air conditioner is used instead of the fan / filter unit 200 installed on the ceiling wall 104 of the living space 101 in the building according to the first embodiment. The difference is that an attachment type filter unit is installed in this air conditioner. FIG. 12A shows an air conditioner 700 installed on the ceiling wall 104. A filter unit in which a filter 703 is attached to a frame 702 as shown in FIG. 12B is attached to the back side of the front panel 701 facing the living space 101 of the air conditioner 700. As the filter 703, a high-performance filter such as a HEPA filter may be used. However, in the present invention using 100% circulation feedback, a medium-performance filter exhibits sufficient performance (see Patent Documents 1-3). ) Air in the living space 101 is sucked into the air conditioner 700 from the suction port 704 and is cooled or warmed, and then dust fine particles are removed through the filter 703, and the space between the filter 703 and the front panel 701 is removed. The air is blown out from the air outlet 705 to the living space 101 through the gap. Therefore, the air conditioner 700 to which this filter unit is attached has the same function as the fan / filter unit 200 in the first embodiment.

  The other configuration of the building is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  According to the third embodiment, advantages similar to those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

<4. Fourth Embodiment>
In the building according to the fourth embodiment, a commercially available ceiling cassette type is used instead of the fan filter unit 200 installed on the ceiling wall 104 of the living space 101 in the building according to the first embodiment. The difference is that an air conditioner is installed and a filter unit is installed in this ceiling cassette type air conditioner. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, a ceiling cassette type air conditioner 800 is installed on the ceiling wall 104. The ceiling cassette type air conditioner 800 has a built-in cassette 801 that can be moved up and down. A filter unit (not shown) is attached to the back side of the front panel 804 of the cassette 801 facing the living space 101 and provided with a suction port 802 and a blowout port 803. An example of the ceiling cassette type air conditioner 800 is model number SZRC40BAVV (indoor unit: FHCP40EA) manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. The filter unit is selected as necessary. For example, it is a filter unit manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. (part numbers KAFP556C80, KAFP556C160, KAFP557C80, KAFP557C160). To replace the filter, the cassette 801 is sufficiently lowered into the living space 101 by operating the remote controller attached to the ceiling cassette type air conditioner 800, and then the filter unit is removed from the front panel 804, and the filter is replaced with a new one. Exchange. Thereafter, the cassette 801 is raised to the original position by operating the remote controller. Air in the living space 101 is sucked into the ceiling cassette type air conditioner 800 from the suction port 802, and after being cooled or warmed, dust particles are removed through the filter, and between the filter and the front panel 804. The air is blown out from the air outlet 803 to the living space 101 through the gap. For this reason, the ceiling cassette type air conditioner 800 incorporating this filter has the same function as the fan filter unit 200 in the first embodiment.

  The other configuration of the building is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Example 1
In Example 1, an example in which the gas exchange device 300 used in the building according to the first embodiment is actually manufactured will be described.

14A to 14E are photographs showing the gas exchange device 300. FIG. Here, FIGS. 14A to E are a photograph of the gas exchange device 300 mainly taken from the side, a photograph taken from the upper surface, a photograph taken from the upper and side surfaces, and a photograph taken from the side. The enclosure 368 is made of iron, and the flat plates 351 and 352 and the spacers S ₁ and S ₂ are made of wood. The intervals h ₁ = 25 mm and h ₂ = 5 mm of the gas exchange membrane 310 of the gas exchange unit 350 of the gas exchange device 300 were set. That is, the gap between the gas exchange membranes 310 on both sides of the passage through which the outside air passes and the gap between the gas exchange membranes 310 on both sides of the passage through which the inside air passes are set asymmetrically. The size of the gas exchange unit 350 is 60 cm × 60 cm × 30 cm, the size of the gas exchange membrane 310 is 58 cm × 58 cm, and the number of the gas exchange membranes 310 is 19 as in the example shown in FIGS. The total area of the gas exchange membrane 310 of the gas exchange device 300 (G × B) is about 6.4 m ² .

(Example 2)
Example 2 corresponds to the second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a photograph showing the gas exchange device 300 produced in Example 2. However, in FIG. 15, the front plate of the gas exchange device 300 is removed so that the internal gas exchange unit 350 can be seen. The flat plates 351 and 352 and the spacers S ₁ and S ₂ are made of wood. The distance h ₁ = h ₂ = 10 mm between the gas exchange membranes 310 of the gas exchange unit 350 of the gas exchange device 300 was set. That is, the interval between the gas exchange membranes 310 on both sides of the passage through which the outside air passes and the interval between the gas exchange membranes 310 on both sides of the passage through which the inside air passes are set symmetrically. The size of the gas exchange unit 350 is 31 cm × 31 cm × 30 cm, the size of the gas exchange membrane 310 is 30 cm × 30 cm, and the number of gas exchange membranes 310 is 29. The total area of the gas exchange membrane 310 of the gas exchange device 300 (G × B) is about 2.6 m ² . The flow rate of the fan filter unit was about 20 m ³ / min. The volume of the living space 101 of the room 100 is about 70 m ³ . The area of the gas exchange membrane 310 of the shojis 401 and 402 is about 3.3 m ² .

  FIG. 16 is a photograph of the living space 101 used in Example 2 taken from inside. The space 101 is about 17 tatami mats. FIG. 17 is a photograph showing a state where the gas exchange device 300 shown in FIG. 15 is installed in the space behind one shoji 401 in the living space 101 shown in FIG.

FIGS. 18A and 18B show the results of measuring changes in oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration when a tabletop gas stove is burned in the living space 101, for example. FIG. 18B shows that in a living space 101 where there is no air flow exchange inside and outside (F = 0 in the above discussion), the butane cassette gas stove is burned fully open to temporarily increase the carbon dioxide concentration, and then the gas exchange The change of the carbon dioxide concentration when the apparatus 300 is operated is seen. The oxygen concentration was measured using Oxyman Plus OM-25MP01 (Taei Engineering), and the carbon dioxide concentration was measured using a data logger MC-383SD (SATOTECH). Butane burning
It is described by. From this, it can be seen that B′˜0.6B may be considered. When oxygen decreases by about 0.01 (ie, 10000 ppm) from 20.9% to 19.9% by combustion, carbon dioxide is
It is expected to increase. In fact, when oxygen decreases to 19.8% at time 12:30 in FIGS. 18A and B, the carbon dioxide increases from the initial value of about 400 ppm to about 6800 ppm, which is good as predicted from equation (20). Matching results are obtained. In FIG. 18A, since a clear symmetrical time change is observed between the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration, the time constants of the concentration changes are almost the same, and the diffusion constants of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the gas exchange membrane 310 are the same. Can be seen to be almost equal. Until time 11:15, the gas exchange membrane 310 (GEM2) (area: about 3.3 m ² ) of the right hand shoji 402 is operated as shown in FIG. An exchange membrane 310 (GEM1) (area of about 3.3 m ² ) was also added. At time 11:45, the first butane gas fuel was exhausted, so the second butane gas fuel was used and the gas stove was burnt in the same fully open state. Since it is a full tank of butane gas fuel, the carbon dioxide concentration immediately increases. Under this combustion condition, it can be seen that the butane gas fuel is emptied in about 80 minutes (250 g of butane burned out). When calculated based on Equation (2) from the amount of combustion per unit time, this corresponds to the oxygen consumption for about 31 people. This number is the number of adults that cannot fit in the living space 101 of the room 100 shown in FIG. 7, but the oxygen concentration is 19.8%, which is one safety measure, and a value of 18.5% or more. Is keeping. When the gas exchange device 300 (G × B) (total area of about 2.6 m ² ) was operated at 12:30, the concentration started to decrease (this behavior is clearly described by the above equation (16)). ). It has been shown that the gas exchange device 300 having a large gas flow velocity in the vicinity of the gas exchange membrane 310 is more advantageous than the gas exchange membrane 310. At 14:00, the carbon dioxide concentration is about 4800 ppm, which is below the sanitary limit, but it is rare that 31 people enter the living space 101 of about 17 tatami mats. Judging, it is suggested that it is not desirable for this person to stay in this room for a long time. If the number of people is narrowed down to a few (4 to comply with building environmental health management standards and 8 to comply with school environmental health standards), a 100% circulation feedback system using shoji 401 and 402 and a gas exchange device 300 are provided. It can also be seen that it is possible to stay safely and safely for a long time in the living space 101 of the living room 100 (even if the ventilation air volume due to the exchange of bulk air between the inside and outside of the room 100 is zero). Although it switched to the 3rd butane gas fuel at the time 13:10, the decreasing tendency of a carbon dioxide continues and the effect of the gas exchange apparatus 300 can be confirmed. 18A and 18B, in this living space 101, when the 100% circulation feedback system using the gas exchange membrane 310 and the gas exchange device 300 are operated, the oxygen concentration in the living space 101 decreases. It can be seen that is stopped, and at the same time, the increase in carbon dioxide concentration is suppressed. It has been demonstrated that gas exchange works efficiently.

(Example 3)
Example 3 corresponds to the third embodiment.

A normal air conditioner equipped with a filter unit using a medium performance filter as the filter 703 shown in FIGS. 12B and 12C is used as a fan / filter unit to constitute a 100% circulation feedback system. FIG. 19 shows the results of measuring the cleanliness (the number of dust particles having a particle diameter d of 0.5 μm or more or 2.5 μm or more per cubic foot). As shown in FIG. 19, US209D class 1000 cleanliness is obtained by time t to 200 minutes. Furthermore, it was shown that good cleanliness of 300 to 400 of the same class can be obtained by additionally operating a fan / filter unit equipped with a medium performance filter in the room 100. In addition, by driving a 100% circulation feedback system in a room having an approximately 17 tatami mat space having a plane spacing symmetrical gas exchange device 300 and ensuring airtightness, as shown in FIG. It has also succeeded in obtaining the cleanliness of. Furthermore, a room having a 100% circulation feedback system equipped with a HEPA filter (PS10), which is provided with the gas exchange device 300 shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 and operated at an internal air circulation air flow rate of 0.4 m ³ / min ( As shown in Fig. 21, the size is 1.5m x 1.5m x 2m). As shown in Fig. 21, cleanliness of class 10 is obtained. High cleanliness by driving fan / filter unit with gas exchange device 300 and 100% circulation feedback system. It was also shown that it is possible to achieve both. In FIG. 21, what is described as DP-CUSP means this room, and CUSP means a 100% circulation feedback system.

  Although the embodiments and examples of the present invention have been specifically described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention. Is possible.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, for example, oxygen and carbon dioxide are given, but other than this, regional characteristics such as hot spring areas such as carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen sulfide H ₂ S, and briquettes are used. It is possible to apply transformations according to the situation such as cooking in a pan (redefining ξ and ξ ₀ used for carbon dioxide as those for the gas species of interest now, the above equation and the equation modification itself remain unchanged. Of course, in the normal living space 101, it is possible to set ξ _{0 to} 0 for CO and H ₂ S). In addition, the numerical values, structures, configurations, shapes, materials, and the like given in the above-described embodiments and examples are merely examples, and different numerical values, structures, configurations, shapes, materials, and the like are used as necessary. Also good.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Supply port, 20 ... Exhaust port, 100 ... Room, 101 ... Living space, 103 ... Roof, 104 ... Ceiling wall, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d ... Opening, 105, 106 ... Side wall, 200 ... Fan Filter unit, 201 ... Air suction port, 202 ... Air blowout port, 300 ... Gas exchange device, 301 ... Inside air recovery port, 302 ... Recirculation port, 303 ... Outside air introduction port, 304 ... Exhaust port, 310 ... Gas exchange membrane, 350 ... Gas exchange part, 360 ... Enclosure, 401, 402 ... Shoji, 700 ... Air conditioner, 800 ... Ceiling cassette type air conditioner

Claims (4)

Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space that is a closed space inside, and the living and / or activity space does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside, and the living and / or activity space Equivalent to the presence and absence of direct gas in and out of the living and / or activity space, because at least part of the interface between the activity space and the outside world does not pass through dust particles and is separated by a membrane through which gas molecules pass. There is a refreshing ability of the internal gas,
The room is provided with a fan filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent out into the living and / or activity space, and flows into the living and / or activity space from the blowout port. All of the gas to be recirculated to the suction port of the fan / filter unit,
The film has MAX (A _min ) with respect to the lower limit value A _min of the area A of the film obtained by (1) below and the lower limit value A ′ _min of the area A ′ of the film obtained by (2) below. , A ' _min ) Buildings with an area of more than.
(1) When the area of the membrane is A, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of gas molecules in the membrane is D, the ventilation air flow required for the living and / or activity space for legal or other reasons Is the area A of the film that satisfies A ≧ FL / D.
(2) When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the area of the film is A ′, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the film is D ′, the area A ′ of the film is Set by scaling with {(V / A ′) / (D ′ / L)},
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm),
The area A ′ of the film that satisfies Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space that is a closed space inside, and the living and / or activity space does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside.
At least a part of the interface between the living and / or activity space and the outside world is separated by a membrane through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass;
Inside the living and / or activity space, an opening for sucking air inside the living and / or activity space, and after the suction air is cleaned, the entire amount thereof is again transferred to the inside of the living and / or activity space. And a pair of outlets to return to
The film has MAX (A _min ) with respect to the lower limit value A _min of the area A of the film obtained by (1) below and the lower limit value A ′ _min of the area A ′ of the film obtained by (2) below. , A ' _min ) Buildings with an area of more than.
(1) When the area of the membrane is A, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of gas molecules in the membrane is D, the ventilation air flow required for the living and / or activity space for legal or other reasons Is the area A of the film that satisfies A ≧ FL / D.
(2) When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the area of the film is A ′, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the film is D ′, the area A ′ of the film is Set by scaling with {(V / A ′) / (D ′ / L)},
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm),
The area A ′ of the film that satisfies Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space that is a closed space inside, and the living and / or activity space does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside.
The room is provided with a fan filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent out into the living and / or activity space, and flows into the living and / or activity space from the blowout port. All of the gas to be recirculated to the suction port of the fan / filter unit,
Having at least one gas exchange device;
The gas exchange device
Having a box-like structure constituting a closed space, having at least two gas inlets and at least two gas outlets;
One of the at least two gas inlets communicates with one of the at least two gas outlets, and another one of the at least two gas inlets communicates with the other one of the at least two gas outlets. Communication,
The two communication passages are configured to be separated from each other with a membrane through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass while forming independent flow paths, respectively.
Air introduced from an external space surrounding the room is introduced from one of the gas suction ports into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device, and the gas discharge port communicating with the gas suction port is passed to the external space. While the inside air of the living and / or activity space is introduced into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device from the other one of the gas suction ports, the gas discharge port communicates with the gas suction port. Returned to the living and / or activity space from the exit,
The film has MAX (A _min ) with respect to the lower limit value A _min of the area A of the film obtained by (1) below and the lower limit value A ′ _min of the area A ′ of the film obtained by (2) below. , A ' _min ) Buildings with an area of more than.
(1) When the area of the membrane is A, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of gas molecules in the membrane is D, the ventilation air flow required for the living and / or activity space for legal or other reasons Is the area A of the film that satisfies A ≧ FL / D.
(2) When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the area of the film is A ′, the thickness is L, and the diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the film is D ′, the area A ′ of the film is Set by scaling with {(V / A ′) / (D ′ / L)},
The carbon dioxide generation rate inside the living and / or activity space is B ′, and the carbon dioxide concentration when there is no carbon dioxide generation inside the living and / or activity space is in the equilibrium state with ξ _O , Or when the target carbon dioxide concentration inside the activity space is ξ (ξ <5000 ppm),
The area A ′ of the film that satisfies In the gas exchange device, the inside air of the living and / or activity space is introduced into the box-like structure from the other one of the gas suction ports, and the life and the living space are communicated from the gas discharge ports communicating with the gas suction ports. / Or the air flow f returned to the activity space is F,
f ≧ F
The building according to claim 3, which is set to satisfy