JP6272276B2 - Oil and fat composition for cooking and cooking food using the same - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cooking oil / fat composition used as a heat medium for cooking cooked food such as fried food and a cooked food using the same.

  Various vegetable oils and animal fats and oils are used for cooking fried foods, but in order to improve the heat stability of fats and oils, hydrogenated hardened oils using these oils and raw materials as catalysts are used. Often done.

  However, hydrogenated hydrogenated oil generally has a high amount of trans fatty acid, and in recent years, there has been a demand for reducing trans fatty acid as consumers' health awareness increases.

  Conventionally, techniques for imparting a unique flavor of hydrogenated oil, also called hydrogenated odor, while reducing trans fatty acids have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  In patent document 1, in order to provide sweetness and richness of frying oil, lard or hydrogenated oil is used. However, since the amount of pork fat used is small, the sweetness is insufficient, and transesterified fats and oils are not used, making it easy to form coarse crystals. As a result, the fried food becomes more ground. Moreover, the numerical value of trans fatty acid amount will become high in the mixing | blending which uses hydrogenated oil.

  In patent document 2, in order to provide the hydrogenation odor peculiar to hardened oil, combining the classified palm oil and hardened oil is proposed. However, the combination of fractionated oil and a single oil / fat facilitates the formation of coarse crystals, and as a result, the fried food becomes stronger. Moreover, since hardened oil is used, the numerical value of trans fatty acid amount will become high.

  As a method for reducing the amount of trans fatty acid, transesterified fats and oils are also used. As a technique using transesterified fats and oils, for example, techniques of Patent Documents 3 to 5 have been proposed.

  In Patent Documents 3 and 4, transesterified oils and fats of palm oil and rapeseed oil are used. However, the iodine value of the transesterified oil and fats is high and tends to give an oily feeling.

  In Patent Document 5, palm-based transesterified oils and fats are blended, but since the content of triglycerides having 46 to 50 total carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acids is high, it is hard to solidify and froze, so it is a fried product with strong pulling. It becomes. Moreover, the value of SUS / SSU is also high, so that solid-liquid separation is promoted, and the liquid oil tends to increase, and sweetness tends to be felt excessively.

  In addition, transesterified oils and fats that have come to be used as an alternative to hardened oils are fats and oils that have been rearranged at random to obtain the same physical properties as hardened oils. The amount of fatty acid does not change. On the other hand, the amount of unsaturated fatty acid in the hydrogenated oil is reduced by the hydrogenation reaction. Therefore, in the cooking oil / fat composition using the transesterified fat / oil, the fat / oil deterioration due to the unsaturated fatty acid starts, and there is a tendency to feel odor during cooking compared to the cooking oil / fat using the hardened oil. .

JP 2009-005681 A JP 2010-099037 A JP 2000-270771 A JP 9-313104 A JP 2010-187562 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and even oil compositions with a small amount of trans fatty acid have no occurrence of pulling with time, have excellent sweetness, have no oily feeling, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide an oil and fat composition for cooking and a cooking food using the same, which can be obtained by the following method.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the oil and fat composition for cooking according to the present invention has a triglyceride content in which oleic acid is bonded at the 2-position to 25 to 65% by mass with respect to the total amount of oil and fat. The content of triglycerides having a total carbon number of 46 to 50 is 30 to 60% by mass with respect to the total amount of fats and oils.

  The cooked food of the present invention uses the oil composition for cooking.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain cooked foods such as donuts that do not cause seizure over time, have good sweetness, and have no oily feeling, even with an oil and fat composition having a small amount of trans fatty acid. Furthermore, there is little smell at the time of cooking.

  The triglyceride in which oleic acid is bonded to the 2-position forms a strain in the molecular structure and tends to hinder the molecular structure when rotating. For this reason, the molecules of each triglyceride in the oil and fat are difficult to approach each other, so that the crystallization is difficult. As a result, the crystallization part (solid) and the non-crystal part (liquid) are likely to be mixed (solid-liquid separation) at the time of slow cooling after cooking. The oil and fat composition for cooking according to the present invention is a cooked food such as donuts by a balance between triglyceride having oleic acid bonded to the 2-position having this property and triglycerides having 46 to 50 total carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acids. Can produce cooked foods such as donuts that are free of pulling with time, have good sweetness, and have no oily feeling. Furthermore, there is little smell at the time of cooking.

  “Hiki” refers to the difficulty of biting food cooked by frying or the like, and it is generally preferred that it is easy to bite without being pulled.

  The present invention is described in detail below.

  In this specification, triglyceride has a structure in which three molecules of fatty acid are ester-bonded to one molecule of glycerol. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd positions of the triglyceride represent the positions where the fatty acids are bonded.

  Although it does not specifically limit as saturated fatty acid which is a constituent fatty acid in fats and oils of the present invention, for example, butyric acid (4), caproic acid (6), caprylic acid (8), capric acid (10), lauric acid (12) , Myristic acid (14), palmitic acid (16), stearic acid (18), arachidic acid (20), behenic acid (22), lignoceric acid (24) and the like. In addition, the said numerical description is carbon number of each fatty acid. The saturated fatty acid which is a constituent fatty acid in the fats and oils of the present invention may be the same saturated fatty acid or a different saturated fatty acid.

  The unsaturated fatty acid that is a constituent fatty acid in the oil and fat of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include myristoleic acid (14: 1), palmitoleic acid (16: 1), hiragonic acid (16: 3), and oleic acid. (18: 1), linoleic acid (18: 2), linolenic acid (18: 3), eicosenoic acid (20: 1), erucic acid (22: 1), ceracoleic acid (24: 1) and the like. In the numerical notation in the parentheses for the unsaturated fatty acid, the left side is the number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid, and the right side is the number of double bonds. The unsaturated fatty acid which is a constituent fatty acid in the oil and fat of the present invention may be the same unsaturated fatty acid or a different unsaturated fatty acid.

  The constituent fatty acids at the 1st and 3rd positions of the triglyceride having oleic acid bonded at the 2nd position may be either saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of triglycerides in which the 2-position is oleic acid include, but are not particularly limited to, SOS type triglycerides, SOU type triglycerides (including positional isomers), UOU type triglycerides, and the like. "S" means a saturated fatty acid that is a constituent fatty acid of triglyceride, "U" means an unsaturated fatty acid that is a constituent fatty acid of triglyceride, and "O" is an oleic acid that is a constituent fatty acid of triglyceride. Means. Oleic acid is bound to the 2nd position because there is no occurrence of pulling over time, and sweet foods such as donuts with excellent sweetness and no oily feeling can be obtained. When the constituent fatty acid at the 1st or 3rd position of the triglyceride is a saturated fatty acid, it is preferably a saturated fatty acid having 4 to 24 carbon atoms. When the constituent fatty acid at the 1st or 3rd position of the triglyceride to which oleic acid is bonded at the 2nd position is an unsaturated fatty acid, the unsaturated fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms or the unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms (oleic acid (18: 1) , Linoleic acid (18: 2), linolenic acid (18: 3), etc.) and unsaturated fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms. When the constituent fatty acid at the 1st or 3rd position of the triglyceride having oleic acid bonded at the 2nd position is a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid, the saturated fatty acid (saturated fatty acid having 4 to 24 carbon atoms) and the unsaturated fatty acid (carbon) 16 unsaturated fatty acids, 18 unsaturated carbon atoms (oleic acid (18: 1), linoleic acid (18: 2), linolenic acid (18: 3), etc.), 20 unsaturated carbon atoms) Preferably there is.

  In the oil and fat composition for cooking according to the present invention, the content of triglyceride in which oleic acid is bonded to the 2-position is 25 to 65% by mass with respect to the total amount of oil and fat. Within this range, a cooked food such as a donut having no sweetness and no oily feeling is obtained due to the balance with the triglycerides having 46 to 50 total carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acids. Can do. Furthermore, there is little smell at the time of cooking. By setting the content of triglyceride having oleic acid bonded at the 2-position to 25% by mass or more, the amount of oleic acid in the oil and fat is relatively increased, and the inhibition of crystallization due to the molecular structure causes non- The number of crystallized portions is increased, the pulling over time is suppressed, and the sweetness is improved. Due to the content of triglyceride having oleic acid bonded at the 2-position being 65% by mass or less, the amount of oleic acid in the oil and fat is relatively reduced, and the non-crystal due to the inhibition of crystallization by the molecular structure The amount of the liquefied portion becomes appropriate without being too much, and the oily feeling can be suppressed, and the odor during cooking is also small. Considering these points, the content of triglyceride in which oleic acid is bonded at the 2-position is preferably 30 to 60% by mass with respect to the total amount of fats and oils.

  In the oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention, the content of the triglyceride having 46 to 50 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid is 30 to 60% by mass with respect to the total amount of the oil and fat. Within this range, the triglyceride with oleic acid bonded to the 2-position becomes a state where the crystallized part (solid) and the non-crystalline part (liquid) are mixed (solid-liquid separation) during slow cooling after cooking. Easy cooking and crystallization action of triglycerides having 46 to 50 total carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acids, cooking foods such as donuts that do not cause seizure over time, are sweet and have no oily feeling Can be obtained. Furthermore, there is little smell at the time of cooking. By making the content of triglycerides having 46 to 50 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acids 30% by mass or more, a cooked food such as a donut having no sweetness and no oily feeling is obtained without occurrence of pulling with time. be able to. By setting the content of the triglyceride having 46 to 50 total carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acid to 60% by mass or less, it is easy to solidify and hardly stick, so that the pulling with time is suppressed. Considering these points, it is preferable that the content of the triglyceride having 46 to 50 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid is 35 to 55% by mass with respect to the total amount of fats and oils.

  In the oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention, the mass ratio (SUS / SSU) of the symmetric triglyceride (SUS) to the asymmetric triglyceride (SSU) among the disaturated triglycerides is preferably 0.5 or more and less than 3. . Within this range, crystallization of fats and oils is adjusted at the time of slow cooling after cooking, so that solid-liquid separation becomes moderate, no occurrence of pulling with time, sweetness, donuts without oily feeling, etc. The cooked food can be obtained.

  The oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention may or may not contain a trans fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid of the oil / fat, but when the amount of trans fatty acid intake increases, LDL cholesterol when ingested by the human body Can increase. Therefore, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing this, in the present invention, the content of trans fatty acid in the constituent fatty acid of the fat is preferably less than 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the constituent fatty acid of the fat. % Is more preferable, and it is most preferable that it is less than 3% by mass.

  The fats and oils used in the production of the cooking oil and fat composition of the present invention are not particularly limited, but palm oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, lard, beef tallow, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil , Rice oil, safflower oil, olive oil, sesame oil, milk fat, fractionated oils thereof or processed oils thereof (one that has been subjected to one or more treatments of hardening and transesterification). In order to appropriately adjust the content of triglyceride in which oleic acid is bonded to the 2-position in the fat and oil and the content of triglyceride in which the total number of carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acid is 46 to 50, these fats and oils may be one or two kinds. It is preferable to select and contain the above.

  The oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention can be an oil / fat composition having a small amount of trans fatty acid, and is suitable for expression of the effects of the present invention, and therefore preferably contains transesterified oil / fat. In particular, the oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention preferably contains a transesterified oil / fat having an iodine value of 50-60. Examples of the fats and oils used as the raw material for the transesterified fats and oils include palm oils such as palm oil, palm fractionated soft oil, palm fractionated hard oil, palm fractionated middle melting point oil, and fats and oils obtained by subjecting these fats to hydrogenation reaction. . In addition, the iodine value can be adjusted by combining them in a timely manner and used in the oil and fat composition. Among these, palm oil and palm fractionated soft oil are preferable as the oil used. By using a product having an iodine value in such a range, a cooked food such as a donut having no oily feeling can be obtained.

  Here, in the transesterification reaction, a chemical catalyst or an enzyme catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst. Sodium methylate, sodium hydroxide or the like is used as the chemical catalyst, and lipase or the like is used as the enzyme catalyst. Examples of the lipase include lipases of the genus Aspergillus, Alkaligenes, etc., and those fixed on a carrier such as an ion exchange resin, diatomaceous earth, or ceramic may be used, or may be used in the form of powder. Either lipase with regioselectivity or lipase without regioselectivity can be used, but it is preferable to use a lipase without regioselectivity.

  When using a chemical catalyst for the transesterification reaction, add 0.05 to 0.15% by mass of the oil lipid amount, heat to 80 to 120 ° C. under reduced pressure, and stir for 0.5 to 1.0 hour. Thus, the transesterification reaction is completed in an equilibrium state, and transesterified fats and oils can be obtained. When an enzyme catalyst is used, an enzyme catalyst such as lipase is added in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by mass of the oil lipid amount, and the ester exchange reaction is completed in an equilibrium state by performing an ester exchange reaction at 40 to 80 ° C. Transesterified fats and oils can be obtained. The transesterification reaction can be carried out by either a continuous reaction using a column or a batch reaction. After the transesterification reaction, purification such as decolorization and deodorization can be performed as necessary.

  The oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention preferably contains the transesterified oil / fat having an iodine value of 50 to 60 in an amount of 18% by mass or more and less than 80% by mass with respect to the total amount of the oil / fat.

  The oil and fat composition for cooking according to the present invention may contain a liquid oil. The liquid oil in that case is represented by vegetable oils and fats such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, rice oil, safflower oil, olive oil, sesame oil, etc., but those having an iodine value of 100 to 150 preferable. The addition amount is preferably 25% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and most preferably not containing liquid oil, from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of odor during cooking by heating. is there.

  The oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention may contain other components such as food additives in addition to the oil / fat as long as the effect is not impaired.

  A food additive is not specifically limited, A conventionally well-known thing can be used. For example, antioxidants, antifoaming agents, emulsifiers, colorants, flavors and the like can be mentioned.

  Examples of the antioxidant include L-ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid derivatives, tocopherol, tocotrienol, lignan, ubiquinones, xanthines, oryzanol, plant sterols, catechins, polyphenols, tea extracts and the like.

  Examples of antifoaming agents include silicone resins and glycerin fatty acid esters.

  Examples of emulsifiers include glycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, calcium stearoyl lactate, sodium stearoyl lactate, polyoxy And ethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters.

  Examples of the colorant include carotene, astaxanthin, anato.

  Examples of flavors include butter flavor and milk flavor.

  The oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention is prepared by, for example, dissolving one or more of the above-described oils and fats as a raw material under heating, and the food additives described above as necessary in the dissolved oils and fats. It can manufacture by adding other components, such as, disperse | distributing uniformly by a well-known method, and melt | dissolving.

  The oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention is used as a heat medium, and ingredients and doughs used for cooking food such as ordinary fried foods are, for example, 120 to 200 ° C, preferably 150 to 200 ° C. A cooked food can be obtained by heating and cooking.

  The oil / fat composition for cooking according to the present invention is suitable because the expression of the effect is more remarkable when it is a food having a large content of fats and oils permeated into the cooked food. Examples of foods with a high fat content include fried foods (fried foods), and the oil composition for cooking according to the present invention includes fried confectionery such as donuts, fried pies, fried Japanese confectionery, and fried breads. It is suitable for cooking of fried foods such as. It is particularly suitable for cooking of donuts.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
(1) Measuring method The content of triglyceride in which oleic acid is bonded to the 2nd position is determined according to “2.4.2.2-2013 Fatty Acid” of gas chromatographic method (standard oil analysis test method (Japan Oil Chemists' Society)). Composition (FID temperature rising gas chromatograph method) "and" Recommendation 2-2013 2-position fatty acid composition "), and each was calculated by using the amount of fatty acid.

  The content of triglycerides having 46 to 50 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acids is determined according to “2.4.6.1-2013 triacylglycerin” of gas chromatographic method (standard oil analysis test method (Japan Oil Chemists' Society)). Composition (gas chromatographic method) ”).

  The mass ratio (SUS / SSU) of symmetric triglyceride (SUS) to asymmetric triglyceride (SSU) in fats and oils is determined according to “2.4. Of gas chromatographic method (standard fat analysis method (Japan Oil Chemists' Society)). It calculated from the mass of SUS type triglyceride and SSU type triglyceride calculated | required by "2.2-2013 fatty acid composition (FID temperature rising gas chromatograph method)" and "Recommendation 2-2013 2-position fatty acid composition").

  The iodine value of each fat / oil was measured by “2.3.4.1-2013 Iodine number (Wiis-cyclohexane method)” of the standard fat analysis method (Japan Oil Chemical Society).

(2) Preparation of cooking oil / fat composition Each fat / oil is mixed at the blending ratio shown in Tables 1 and 2, and silicone oil (KS-66 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) is added so that the outer coating is 3 ppm. And the oil-fat composition of the Example and the comparative example was obtained.
(Transesterified oil 1)
Sodium methylate was added as a catalyst to palm fractionated soft oil, and transesterification was performed under reduced pressure. After the transesterification reaction, water washing, dehydration, decolorization, and deodorization were performed to obtain a transesterified oil 1. The iodine value of the transesterified fat 1 was 56.
(Transesterified oil 2)
Sodium methylate was added to palm oil as a catalyst, and a transesterification reaction was performed under reduced pressure. After the transesterification reaction, washing with water, dehydration, decolorization, and deodorization were performed to obtain a transesterified oil and fat 2. The iodine value of the transesterified oil 2 was 53.

(3) Evaluation <Production of cake donut>
The cake donut was produced in the following procedure.
[1] All ingredients except for shortening, whole egg and water of the following composition are sieved uniformly.
[2] Put the sieved raw material in a mixer bowl, add whole eggs and water, and mix with a beater at low speed for 30 seconds and medium low speed for 1 minute.
[3] Add shortening and mix for 30 seconds at low speed and 2 minutes at medium and low speed.
[4] The resulting dough was stretched to a thickness of 1 cm with a rolling pin and cut out with a donut shape and subjected to a donut fly test.

In the donut frying test, 7000 g of each oil / fat composition was collected in an electric fryer, controlled at an oil temperature of 180 ° C., and the cake donut dough was added, then 90 seconds on one side and further inverted for 90 seconds.
<Combination of cake donuts>
Soft flour 1000 parts by weight Sugar 400 parts by weight Salt 15 parts by weight Shortening * 1 100 parts by weight Whole egg (net) 220 parts by weight Baking powder 30 parts by weight Water 280 parts by weight

* 1 Shortening: Miyoshi Shortening Z made by Miyoshi Oil

  In the following evaluations, the panel conducted a taste test (sweet, acid, salt, bitter, umami) identification test, a taste concentration difference identification test, a food taste identification test, and a reference olfactory test. Four men and six women in their 20s to 40s who were judged fit were selected.

[Doughing donuts]
The fried cake donuts were stored in a thermostat adjusted to 25 ° C., and the pulling after 24 hours was evaluated according to the following criteria by 10 panelists.
Evaluation Criteria A : Eight or more of the 10 panelists evaluated that there was no pull.
A: 7 to 5 out of 10 panelists evaluated that there was no pull.
Δ: 4 to 3 panelists evaluated that there was no pull.
X: Two or less people evaluated that there was no pulling in 10 panelists.

[Doughnut sweetness]
The fried cake donuts were stored in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to 25 ° C., and the sweetness of the donuts after 24 hours was evaluated according to the following criteria by 10 panelists.
Evaluation Criteria A : Eight or more out of 10 panelists evaluated that there was sweetness.
A: 7 to 5 out of 10 panelists evaluated that there was sweetness.
Δ: Four to three out of 10 panelists evaluated that there was sweetness.
X: Two or less persons evaluated that the panel 10 had sweetness.

[Donut oily feeling]
The fried cake donuts were stored in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to 25 ° C., and the oily feeling of the donuts after 24 hours was evaluated by 10 panelists according to the following criteria.
Evaluation criteria A : Eight or more of the 10 panelists evaluated that there was no oily feeling.
A: 7 to 5 out of 10 panelists evaluated that there was no oily feeling.
Δ: Four to three out of 10 panelists evaluated that there was no oily feeling.
X: Two or less people evaluated that there was no oily feeling among 10 panelists.

[Odor when cooking]
40 cake donuts were fried per day, and the heating odor of the oil and fat composition at the end of the second day was evaluated.
Evaluation standard ◎: No heating odor, very good ○: No heating odor, good △: Some heating odor, poor ×: There is heating odor, very bad

  The above evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Claims (3)

The content of triglyceride in which oleic acid is bonded to the 2-position is 30 to 60% by mass relative to the total amount of fats and oils,
The content of triglycerides having 46 to 50 total carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acids is 35 to 55% by mass with respect to the total amount of fats and oils,
Contains transesterified oils and fats having an iodine value of 50 to 60 using only palm oils and fats as raw materials,
As fats and oils other than the transesterified fats and oils, the following (A) and two groups of (B-1) to (B-4) are contained, and the fats and oils for cooking that do not contain liquid oil Composition.
(A) Palm fractionated soft oil (B-1) Palm fractionated hard oil and palm oil (B-2) Palm fractionated hard oil, palm oil, and palm fractionated medium melting point oil (B-3) Pork fat and palm oil (B -4) Mid-melting oil for palm fractionation 2. The oil and fat composition for cooking according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio (SUS / SSU) of symmetric triglyceride (SUS) to asymmetric triglyceride (SSU) in the two saturated triglycerides is 0.5 or more and less than 3. 3. A cooked food using the oil and fat composition for cooking according to claim 1 or 2 .