JP6246288B2 - Die impregnation section and method for impregnating fiber roving - Google Patents

Description

[0001] Fiber roving has been used in a wide range of applications. For example, such rovings have been used to form fiber-reinforced composite rods. The rod can be used as a lightweight structural reinforcement. For example, power umbilicals are often used in the transmission of fluid and / or electrical signals between equipment installed on the seabed and the sea surface. In order to facilitate strengthening such supply pipelines, attempts have been made to use pultruded carbon fiber rods as separate load carrying elements.

[0002] Another application that is particularly suited for the use of fiber roving is the molding of profiles. Profiles are pultruded parts with a wide range of cross-sectional shapes, such as window lines, decking plank, railings, balusters, roof tiles, siding, decorative plates, pipes, It can be used as a structural member for fences, postposts, lightweight postposts, highway signals, roadside marker posts. Hollow profiles have been formed by pulling a continuous fiber roving through the resin (pultruding) and then shaping the fiber reinforced resin in a drawing die.

  [0003] Furthermore, fiber roving can typically be utilized in any suitable application for forming suitable fiber reinforced plastics and the like. As generally known in the art, rovings utilized in these applications are usually combined with polymer resins.

[0004] However, there are many significant problems with currently known rovings and applications that utilize such rovings. For example, many rovings rely on thermosetting resins (eg, vinyl esters) to help achieve the desired strength characteristics. Thermosetting resins are difficult to use during manufacture and do not have good bonding properties to mold layers with other materials. In addition, attempts have been made to mold rovings from thermoplastic polymers in other types of applications. For example, US Patent Publication No. 2005/0186410 (Bryant
(Patent Document 1) describes an attempt to embed carbon fibers in a thermoplastic resin to form a composite core of a power transmission cable. Surprisingly, Bryant et al. Mention that these fibers show dry spots due to insufficient wetting of the fibers, which leads to low durability and strength. Another problem with such cores is that thermoplastics cannot be operated at high temperatures.

  [0005] Therefore, a need currently exists for an improved impregnation section and method of a die for impregnating fiber rovings. In particular, a need currently exists for an impregnation segment and method for producing fiber rovings that provide the desired strength, durability and temperature performance required for a particular application.

US Patent Publication No. 2005/0186410 (Bryant et al.)

[0006] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a die impregnation section for impregnating a plurality of fiber rovings with a polymer resin is disclosed. This impregnation section includes an impregnation zone and a gate passage. The impregnation zone is configured to impregnate a plurality of rovings with resin. The gate passage is impregnated with the impregnation zone and fluid to cause the resin to flow through the impregnation zone so that the resin impinges on the surface of each of the plurality of rovings facing the gate passage and substantially uniformly coats the plurality of rovings. Communicate.

  [0007] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for impregnating a plurality of fiber rovings with a polymer resin is disclosed. The method includes impinging a polymer resin on the surface of the plurality of fiber rovings and uniformly coating the plurality of rovings with the resin. The method further includes traversing the plurality of coated rovings through the impregnation zone to impregnate the plurality of resin coated rovings. Each of the plurality of rovings is under a tension of about 5 Newtons to about 300 Newtons in the impregnation zone.

  [0008] Other features and aspects of the present invention are described in detail below.

  [0009] The complete and authoritative disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof for those skilled in the art, will be described in detail in the following portions of the specification with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of an impregnation system for use in the present invention. [0011] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a die for use with the present invention. [0012] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the opposite side of one embodiment of a die for use with the present invention. [0013] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the die shown in FIG. [0014] FIG. 5 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a die manifold assembly and gate passageway that may be used with the present invention. [0015] FIG. 6 is a plan view of one embodiment of a manifold assembly that may be used with the present invention. [0016] FIG. 7 is a plan view of another embodiment of a manifold assembly that may be used with the present invention. [0017] FIG. 8 is a plan view of another embodiment of a manifold assembly that may be used with the present invention. [0018] FIG. 9 is a plan view of another embodiment of a manifold assembly that may be used with the present invention. [0019] FIG. 10 is a plan view of another embodiment of a manifold assembly that may be used with the present invention. [0020] FIG. 11 is a plan view of another embodiment of a manifold assembly that may be used with the present invention. [0021] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a plate that at least partially defines an impregnation zone that may be used in the present invention. [0022] FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, as shown in FIG. 4, of one embodiment of a portion of an impregnation zone that may be used in the present invention. [0023] FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a portion of an impregnation zone that may be used in the present invention. [0024] FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a portion of an impregnation zone that may be used in the present invention. [0025] FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a portion of an impregnation zone that may be used with the present invention. [0026] FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a portion of an impregnation zone that may be used with the present invention. [0027] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a land zone that may be used with the present invention. [0028] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a land zone that may be used with the present invention. [0029] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a reinforcing ribbon for use in the present invention. [0030] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the ribbon shown in FIG.

  [0031] The repetitive use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to indicate same or similar features or elements of the present invention.

  [0032] It should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that this discussion is merely a description of exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the broader aspects of the present invention.

  [0033] In general, the present invention relates to an impregnation section and method for a die in which a fiber roving is impregnated with a polymer resin. Impregnated fiber roving can be utilized for composite rods, profiles or any other suitable fiber reinforced plastic application. The impregnation section according to the present invention generally includes an impregnation zone and a gate passage. The resin flows through the gate passage, which is in fluid communication with the impregnation zone. As the roving exits the gate passage, the resin strikes the roving surface facing the gate passage and traverses through the die so that the roving is substantially uniformly coated. After being coated with the resin, the roving traverses through the impregnation zone and is impregnated with the resin therein.

  [0034] According to a further aspect of the invention, the extrusion apparatus can be used in conjunction with a die for impregnating the roving with the polymer. In particular, the extrusion device further facilitates the ability to apply the polymer to the entire surface of the fiber, as described below.

[0035] Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of such an extrusion apparatus is shown. In particular, the apparatus includes an extruder 120 that includes a screw shaft 124 mounted within a barrel 122. A heater 130 (eg, an electrical resistance heater) is installed outside the barrel 122. During use, polymer feed 127 is fed into extruder 120 through hopper 126. The feedstock 127 is conveyed to the inside of the barrel 122 by the screw shaft 124 and is heated by the frictional heat in the barrel 122 and the heater 130. When heated, the feed 127 exits the barrel 122 through the barrel flange 128 and enters the die flange 132 of the impregnation die 150.

[0036] A continuous fiber roving 142 or a plurality of continuous fiber rovings 142 are fed to the die 150 from one or more reels 144. The rovings 142 are usually placed side by side before impregnation, and the distance between adjacent rovings is minimal to no distance. The feedstock 127 can further be heated inside the die by a heater 133 installed at or around the die 150. The die is usually operated at a temperature sufficient to effect and / or maintain the melting temperature of the polymer, which allows the desired level of impregnation of roving with the polymer. Usually the die operating temperature is higher than the melting temperature of the polymer, for example about 200 ° C
The temperature is about 450 ° C. When processed in this manner, continuous fiber roving 142 is embedded within the polymer matrix, which can be resin 214 (FIG. 4) processed from feedstock 127. This mixture then exits the impregnation die 150 as a wet composite or extrudate 152.

[0037] As used herein, the term "roving" usually refers to a bundle of individual fibers. The fibers contained within the roving can be twisted or straight. Roving can include a single fiber type or different types of fibers. Different fibers can be used in individual rovings, or each of the rovings can contain a different fiber type. Continuous fibers used in roving have a high tensile strength relative to their mass. For example, the ultimate tensile strength of the fiber is typically from about 1,000 to about 15,000 megapascals (MPa), in some embodiments from about 2,000 MPa to about 10,000 MPa, and in some embodiments from about 3,000 MPa to about 6,000MPa. Such tensile strength is the mass per unit length of the fiber is relatively light, for example from about 0.05 to about 2 grams / meter, and in some embodiments from about 0.4 to about 1.5 grams / meter. Can also be achieved. The ratio of tensile strength to mass per unit length is thus about 1,000 megapascal / gram / meter (MPa / g / m) or more, in some embodiments about 4,000 MPa / g / m or more, depending on the embodiment. Is about 5,500 to about 20,000 MPa / g / m. Such high tensile strength fibers are, for example, metal fibers, glass fibers (for example E-
Glass, A-glass, C-glass, D-glass, AR-glass, R-glass, S1-glass, S2-glass, etc.), carbon fiber (e.g. amorphous carbon, graphite carbon, or metal-coated carbon) Boron fibers, ceramic fibers (e.g. alumina or silica), aramid fibers (e.g. Kevlar®, manufactured by EIduPont de Nemours, Wilmington, Del.),
Synthetic organic fibers (e.g., polyamide, polyethylene, paraphenylene, terephthalamide, polyethylene terephthalate and polyphenylene sulfide), and various other natural or synthetic inorganic or known for reinforcing thermoplastic and / or thermosetting compositions Can be an organic fibrous material. Carbon fibers are particularly suitable for use as continuous fibers, which typically have a tensile strength to mass ratio in the range of about 5,000 to about 7,000 MPa / g / m. Continuous fibers often have a nominal diameter of about 4 to about 35 micrometers, and in some embodiments about 9 to about 35 micrometers. The number of fibers included in each roving may be constant or may vary from roving to roving. Typically rovings contain about 1,000 to about 50,000 individual fibers, and in some embodiments about 5,000 to about 30,000.

[0038] Any of a variety of thermoplastic or thermoset polymers can be used to shape a thermoplastic matrix in which continuous fibers are embedded. Suitable thermoplastic polymers for use in the present invention include, for example, polyolefins (eg, polypropylene, propylene-ethylene copolymers, etc.), polyesters (eg, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)), polycarbonates, polyamides (eg, Nylon ™) ), Polyether ketone (e.g. polyether ether ketone (PEEK)), polyether imide, polyarylene ketone (e.g. polyphenylene diketone (PPDK)), liquid crystal polymer, polyarylene sulfide (e.g. polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), poly (biphenylene sulfide) Ketones), poly (phenylene sulfide diketones), poly (biphenylene sulfides, etc.), fluoropolymers (e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether polymers, perfluoro Job shea alkane polymer, Petra fluoroethylene polymer (Petrafluoroethylene Polymer), ethylene - such as tetrafluoroethylene polymer) include polyacetal, polyurethane, polycarbonate, styrenic polymers (e.g. acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) and the like.

[0039] The properties of the matrix are usually the desired combination of processability and performance.
Selected to achieve. For example, the melt viscosity of the polymer matrix is usually low enough so that the polymer can suitably impregnate the fibers. In this regard, melt viscosity is usually about 25 to about 1,000 Pascal-seconds (Pa-s), and in some embodiments 50 to 50, measured at the operating conditions used for the polymer (eg, about 360 ° C.). It varies from about 500 Pa-s, in some embodiments from about 60 to about 200 Pa-s. Similarly, when the impregnated roving is to be used in applications involving high temperatures (eg high voltage power cables), a polymer with a relatively high melting temperature is used. For example, the melting temperature of such high temperature polymers can vary from about 200 ° C to about 500 ° C, in some embodiments from about 225 ° C to about 400 ° C, and in some embodiments from about 250 ° C to about 350 ° C.

[0040] Polyarylene sulfides are particularly suitable for use in the present invention as high temperature matrices with the desired melt viscosity. For example, polyphenylene sulfide typically has the following general formula:

It is a semi-crystalline resin containing a repeating monomer unit represented by

[0041] These monomer units typically constitute at least 80 mole percent, and in some embodiments at least 90 mole percent of the repeat units in the polymer. However, the polyphenylene sulfide can include additional repeat units as described in US Pat. No. 5,075,381 (Gotoh et al.), Which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. When used, such additional repeat units usually constitute only about 20 mole percent of the polymer. Commercially available high melt viscosity polyphenylene sulfide may include those available from Ticona LLC (Florence, Kentucky) under the trade name FORTRON®. Such polymers can have a melting temperature of about 285 ° C. (measured according to ISO 11357-1,2,3) and a melt viscosity of about 260 to about 320 Pascal-seconds at 310 ° C.

[0042] A pressure sensor 137 (FIGS. 2 and 3) senses the pressure near the impregnation die 150 so that the extrusion speed can be controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the screw shaft 124 or the feed rate of the feeder. To do. That is, the pressure sensor 137 is positioned near the impregnation die 150, e.g., upstream of the manifold assembly 220, so that the extruder 120 can be operated to deliver an accurate amount of resin 214 with respect to interaction with the fiber roving 142. The After leaving the impregnation die 150, the extrudate 152, or impregnated fiber roving 142 was formed between two adjacent rollers 190 after entering an optional pre-form, or induction section (not shown) Can enter the nip. Optionally, roller 190 consolidates extrudate 152 into a ribbon shape.
In addition, fiber impregnation can be promoted, and excess voids can be easily squeezed out. In addition to the roller 190, other modeling devices such as die systems can be used. The resulting reinforcing ribbon 156 is pulled by tracks 162 and 164 installed on rollers. Tracks 162 and 164 also pull extrudate 152 from impregnation die 150 and through roller 190. If desired, the reinforcing ribbon 156 can be wound up in section 171. Generally speaking, ribbons are relatively thin, usually about 0.05 to about 1 millimeter, in some embodiments about 0.1 to about 0.8 millimeter,
Some embodiments have a thickness of about 0.2 to about 0.4 millimeters.

  [0043] A perspective view of one embodiment of a die according to the present disclosure is shown in FIGS. As shown, the resin 214 flows into the die 150 as indicated by the resin flow direction 244. Resin 214 is dispensed into die 150 and interacts with roving 142. Roving 142 traverses through die 150 in roving travel direction 282 and is coated with resin 214. The rovings 142 are then impregnated with resin 214 and these impregnated rovings 142 exit the die 150.

  [0044] Within the impregnation die, it is usually preferred for the roving 142 to traverse through the impregnation zone 250 in order to impregnate the roving with the polymer resin 214. In the impregnation zone 250, the polymer resin is typically driven laterally through the roving by the shear force and pressure created in the impregnation zone 250, thereby greatly increasing the degree of impregnation. This is particularly useful when forming composites from ribbons with high fiber content, eg, about 35% weight fraction (Wf) or higher, and in some embodiments about 40% Wf or higher. Typically, die 150 includes a plurality of contact surfaces 252 such as at least 2, at least 3, 4-7, 2-20, 2-30, 2-40, 2-50, or more contact surfaces 252. Thus, a sufficient degree of penetration and pressure is created on the roving 142. While these unique shapes can vary, the contact surface 252 typically has a curved surface, such as a curved lobe, a pin. Contact surface 252 is also typically manufactured from a metallic material.

[0045] FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the impregnation die 150. As shown in FIG. As shown, the impregnation die 150 can include a manifold assembly 220 and an impregnation section. The impregnation section includes a gate assembly 270 and an impregnation zone 250. Manifold assembly 220 is provided to allow polymer resin 214 to flow therethrough. For example, the manifold assembly 220 can include a channel 222 or a plurality of channels 222. Resin 214 provided to impregnation die 150 can flow through channel 222.

[0046] As illustrated in FIGS. 5-11, in an exemplary embodiment, each portion of channel 222 may be curved. The curvilinear portion allows the resin 214 to be relatively smoothly redirected in various directions to distribute the resin 214 through the manifold assembly 220 and to pass the resin 214 through the channel 222. It can flow relatively smoothly.
Alternatively, the channel 222 can be linear and redirecting the resin 214 can go through a relatively angular transition region between the straight portions of the channel 222. It should be understood that the channel 222 can have any suitable shape, size and / or contour.

[0047] As illustrated in FIGS. 5-11, in an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of channels 222 may be a plurality of branch runners 222. The runner 222 can include a first branch runner group 232. The first branch runner group 232 may include a plurality of runners 222 that branch off from the first one or more channels 222 that provide the resin 214 to the manifold assembly 220. The first branch runner group 232 can include two, three, four or more runners 222 that branch from the first channel 222.

[0048] Optionally, the runners 222 may include a second branch runner group 234 that branches from the first branch runner group 232, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7-11. For example, a plurality of runners 222 from the second branch runner group 234 can branch from one or more runners 222 in the first branch runner group 232. The second branch runner group 234 can include two, three, four or more runners 222 that branch from the runners 222 of the first branch runner group 232.

[0049] Optionally, the runners 222 can include a third branch runner group 236 that branches from the branch runner group 234 of the die two, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8-9. For example, a plurality of runners 222 from the third branch runner group 236 can branch from one or more runners 222 in the second branch runner group 234. The third branch runner group 236 can include two, three, four or more runners 222 that branch from the runners 222 of the second branch runner group 234.

[0050] In some exemplary aspects, the plurality of branch runners 222 are symmetrically positioned along the central axis 224, as shown in FIGS. The bifurcated runner 222 and its symmetrical positioning leaves the manifold assembly 220 and distributes the resin 214 uniformly such that the flow of resin 214 coating the roving 142 is substantially evenly distributed over the roving 142. Distribute. This typically allows for uniform impregnation of the roving 142.

[0051] Furthermore, the manifold assembly 220 defines an exit region 242 in some embodiments. Outlet region 242 is that portion of manifold assembly 220 where resin 214 exits manifold assembly 220. Thus, the exit region 242 typically includes at least the downstream portion of the channel or runner 222 through which the resin 214 exits. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 5-10, at least a portion of the channel or runner 222 disposed in the outlet region 242 gradually increases the area of the resin 214 in the flow direction 244. As the area gradually increases, the resin 214 can be diffused and more distributed as the resin 214 flows through the manifold assembly 220, so that the resin 214 can be distributed substantially uniformly on the roving 142. In addition, or alternatively, the various channels or runners 222 located in the exit region 242 can have a constant area in the flow direction 244 of the resin 214, as shown in FIG. In addition, the area of the resin 214 in the flow direction 244 can be reduced.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 5, in some embodiments, each of the channels or runners 222 disposed in the exit region 242 has other channels or runners 222 disposed therefrom in the exit region 242. It is arranged to be combined with the resin 214 from the runner 222. The mixing of the resin 214 from the various channels or runners 222 located in the exit region 242 creates a single and evenly distributed flow of resin 214 from the manifold assembly 220 to make the roving 142 substantially uniform. Coating. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the various channels or runners 222 disposed in the exit region 242 may flow from other channels or runners 222 that flow from the resin 214 to the exit region 242. The resin 214 can be arranged separately. In these embodiments,
A plurality of separate but typically uniformly distributed resin streams 214 can be generated by the manifold assembly 220 for coating the roving 142 substantially uniformly.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 4, at least a portion of the channel or runner 222 disposed in the exit region 242 has a curved cross-sectional profile. These curve profiles allow the resin 214 to be directed gradually downward, usually from the channel or runner 222 toward the roving 142. Alternatively, these channels or runners 222 can have any suitable cross-sectional profile.

[0054] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the above-disclosed aspects of the manifold assembly 220. Rather, any suitable manifold assembly 220 is within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In particular, a manifold assembly 220, such as a coat hanger, horseshoe, flex-flip or adjustable slot manifold assembly, that can typically provide a uniform distribution of resin 214 is within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. is there.

[0055] As further shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, after flowing through the manifold assembly 220, the resin 214 can flow through the gate passage 270. A gate passage 270 is disposed between the manifold assembly 220 and the impregnation zone 250 and is provided for flowing resin 214 from the manifold assembly 220 such that the resin 214 coats the roving 142. Thus, for example, resin 214 exiting manifold assembly 220 through exit region 242 can enter gate passage 270 and flow therethrough.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the gate passage 270 extends vertically between the manifold assembly 220 and the impregnation zone 250. Alternatively, the gate passage 270 can extend at any suitable angle between vertical and horizontal such that the resin 214 flows therethrough.

[0057] As further illustrated in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the gate passage 270 has a reduced cross-sectional profile in the flow direction 244 of the resin 214. If at least a part of the gate passage 270 is tapered, the resin 214 that flows through the gate passage 270 can come into contact with the roving 142 after the flow velocity of the resin 214 increases. be able to. The initial impact of the roving 142 with the resin 214 provides further impact of the roving as described below. Further, if at least a portion of the gate passage 270 is tapered, the back pressure of the gate passage 270 and the manifold assembly 220 can be increased, thereby distributing the resin 214 more evenly and the roving 142. Can be coated. Alternatively, the gate passage 270 can have an increasing or a generally constant cross-sectional profile as desired or required.

  [0058] Upon exiting the manifold assembly 220 and gate passage 270 of the die 150, the resin 214 contacts the roving 142 traversing through the die 150, as shown in FIG. As described above, since the resin 214 is distributed to the manifold assembly 220 and the gate passage 270, the resin 214 can coat the roving 142 substantially uniformly. As shown in FIGS. 13-17, in some further embodiments, the resin 214 may have an upper surface 216 facing the respective gate passage 270 of the roving 142, or a surface 216, or a lower surface of each roving 142, or Both the upper and lower surfaces of each roving 142 can strike. By first impacting on the roving 142, the roving 142 is further impregnated with resin 214. Collisions on the roving 142 may include the speed of the resin 214 when the resin collides with the roving 142, the proximity of the roving 142 to the resin 214 when the resin exits the manifold assembly 220 or gate passage 270, or various other Can be facilitated by various variables.

  [0059] As shown in FIG. 4, the coated roving 142 traverses through the impregnation zone 250 in the direction of travel 282. The impregnation zone 250 is in fluid communication with the manifold assembly 220, for example, through a gate passage 270 disposed therebetween. The impregnation zone 250 is configured to impregnate the roving 142 with the resin 214.

  [0060] For example, as described above, in some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 12-17, the impregnation zone 250 includes a plurality of contact surfaces 252. The roving 142 crosses over the contact surface 252 of the impregnation zone. When the roving 142 collides with the contact surface 252, sufficient shearing force and pressure are generated to allow the resin 214 coating the roving 142 to penetrate into the roving 142.

[0061] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 13-17, in some embodiments, the impregnation zone 250
Is defined between two spaced apart opposing plates 256 and 258. First plate 256
Defines a first internal surface 257 and the second plate 258 defines a second internal surface 259. An impregnation zone 250 is defined between the first plate 256 and the second plate 258. The contact surface 252 is defined on or extends from both the first and second inner surfaces 257 and 259 or only one of the first and second inner surfaces 257 and 259. It can be defined above or extend therefrom.

  [0062] As shown in FIGS. 4, 13, and 15-17, in an exemplary embodiment, the contact surface 252 is above the contact surface 252 where roving is above the first and second surfaces 257 and 259. Alternately defined on the first and second surfaces 257 and 259 to impinge alternately. Thus, the roving 142 passes through the contact surface 252 in a corrugated, serpentine or sinusoidal path, thereby increasing the shear force.

[0063] The angle 254 at which the roving 142 traverses the contact surface 252 may typically be large enough to enhance the shear force and pressure, but not so large as to provide excessive force to break the fibers. Thus, for example, the angle 254 may range from about 1 ° to about 30 °, and in some embodiments from about 5 ° to about 25 °.

  [0064] As noted above, the contact surface 252 typically has a curved surface, such as a curved protrusion or pin. In many more exemplary embodiments, the impregnation zone 250 has a corrugated cross-sectional profile. In the exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4, 12, and 13, the contact surface 252 forms part of the corrugated surface of both the first and second plates 256 and 258 to provide a corrugated cross-sectional profile. A defining lobe. FIG. 12 shows a second plate 258 thereon and various contact surfaces that form at least a portion of the impregnation zone 250 according to these embodiments.

[0065] In another aspect, as shown in FIG. 14, the contact surface 252 is a protrusion in which only one of the first or second plate 256 or 258 forms part of the corrugated surface. In these embodiments, the collision occurs only on the contact surface 252 on the surface of one plate. The other plate is usually flat or can be shaped so that there is no interaction with the coated roving.

[0066] In other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 15-17, the impregnation zone 250 may include a plurality of pins (or rods) 260, each pin having a contact surface 252. Pin 260
Can be fixed as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, can be free rotating (not shown), or can be rotationally driven as shown in FIG. The pins 260 can be mounted directly on the plate surface defining the impregnation zone, as shown in FIG. 15, or can be separated from the surface as shown in FIGS. It should be noted that the pins 260 can be heated by the heater 133 or can be heated individually or as desired or required. Further, the pin 260 can be contained within the die 150 or extend outward from the die 150 and need not be completely encased therein.

[0067] In further embodiments, the contact surface 252 and the impregnation zone 250 can include any suitable shape and / or structure for impregnating the roving 142 with the resin 214, as desired or necessary.

[0068] To facilitate further impregnation of the rovings 142, they can also be held under tension while in the die 150, particularly in the impregnation zone 250. For example, the tension may vary from about 5 to about 300 Newtons per roving 142 or tow of the fiber, and in some embodiments from about 50 to about 250 Newtons, and in some embodiments from about 100 to about 200 Newtons.

  [0069] As shown in FIG. 4 and FIGS. 18 and 19, in some embodiments, a land zone 280 can be located downstream of the impregnation zone 250 in the direction of travel 282 of the roving 142. The roving 142 can traverse through the land zone 280 before exiting the die 150. As shown in FIG. 18, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the land zone 280 can have a cross-sectional profile that increases in the direction of travel 282 such that the area of the land zone 280 increases. The increased portion can be a downstream portion of the land zone 280 to facilitate the roving 142 exiting the die 150. Alternatively, the cross-sectional profile or any part thereof can be reduced or can be constant as shown in FIG.

  [0070] As further shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the faceplate 290 can be adjacent to the impregnation zone 250. The faceplate 290 can typically be located downstream of the impregnation zone 250, and if included, the land zone 280 in the direction of travel 282. Faceplate 290 is typically configured to meter excess resin 214 from roving 142. Thus, the opening in the faceplate 290 through which the roving 142 traverses is such that the size of the opening removes excess resin 214 from the roving 142 when the roving 142 traverses through it. Can be

[0071] Still other components may optionally be used to aid in fiber impregnation.
For example, the “gas jet” assembly can be used in a specific manner to facilitate even distribution of individual fiber rovings, including up to 24,000 fibers across the combined tow width. Can do. This helps to distribute the strength characteristics evenly. Such assemblies can include a supply of compressed air or other gas that typically impinges in a vertical manner on moving rovings that pass through the exit port. The dispersed roving can then be introduced into a die for impregnation as described above.

[0072] Impregnated roving obtained using a die and method according to the present disclosure can have a very low void fraction, which tends to increase its strength. For example, the void ratio is about 3% or less, in some embodiments about 2% or less, in some embodiments about 1% or less, and in some embodiments about 0.5% or less. The void ratio can be measured using methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, the void ratio can be measured using a “resin burn off” test where the sample is placed in an oven (eg, about 600 ° C. for 3 hours) to burn out the resin. The mass of the remaining fiber can then be measured and the weight and volume fraction can be calculated. Such a “burning” test can be performed according to ASTM D 2584-08 to measure the weight of the fiber and polymer matrix, which can then be used to formulate the following equation:

{Where V _f is the void ratio as a percentage;
ρ _c is the density of the complex measured using known methods such as liquid or gas pycnometer (eg helium pycnometer);
ρ _t is the theoretical density of the complex and is determined from the following equation:

(ρ _m is the density of the polymer matrix (eg at a suitable crystallinity);
ρ _f is the density of the fiber;
W _f is the weight fraction of the fiber; and
W _m is the weight fraction of the polymer matrix)} and the “void ratio” can be calculated.

[0073] Alternatively, the void ratio can be measured by chemically dissolving the resin according to ASTM D 3171-09. The “burning” and “melting” methods are usually particularly suitable for glass fibers that are resistant to melting and chemical melting. In other cases, however, the void ratio can be calculated indirectly based on the density of polymers, fibers, and ribbons according to ASTM D 2734-09 (Method A), where the density is determined by the ASTM D792-08 method. A can be measured. Of course, the void ratio can be estimated using a conventional microscope apparatus.

  [0074] The present disclosure relates to a method for impregnating at least one fiber roving 142 or a plurality of fiber rovings 142 with a polymer resin 214. The method includes impinging the resin 214 against the surfaces 216 of the plurality of fiber rovings 142 and coating the plurality of rovings 142 with the resin 214 substantially uniformly as described above. The method further includes traversing the plurality of coated rovings 142 through the impregnation zone 250 to impregnate the plurality of coated rovings 142 with the resin 214 as described above.

  [0075] As noted above, in some embodiments, the method may further comprise flowing resin 214 through gate passage 270. The method further includes traversing the roving 142 from the impregnation zone 250 through the land zone 280 and / or traversing the roving 142 through the faceplate 290 as described above.

[0076] As described above, after exiting the impregnation die 150, the impregnated roving 142, or extrudate 152
Can be reinforced in the shape of a ribbon. The number of rovings used on each ribbon can vary. Typically, however, the ribbon contains 2-20 rovings, and in some embodiments 2-10 rovings, and in some embodiments 3-5 rovings. In some embodiments, it is desirable for the rovings to be approximately the same distance apart from one another in the ribbon. For example, referring to FIGS. 20 and 21, one embodiment of a reinforcing ribbon 4 is shown that includes three (3) rovings 5 equidistant from each other in the −x direction.

  [0077] For certain applications, an extrusion process can be further utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, such a process can be used to form a rod. In such an embodiment, the continuous fibers of roving 142 are oriented in the machine direction (machine direction A of the system of FIG. 1) to increase the tensile strength. In addition to fiber orientation, other aspects of the extrusion process are also controlled to achieve the desired strength. For example, a relatively high percentage of continuous fibers are used in the reinforcing ribbon to provide enhanced strength properties. For example, continuous fibers typically comprise from about 25% to about 80%, in some embodiments from about 30% to about 75%, and in some embodiments from about 35% to about 60% by weight of the ribbon. Similarly, the polymer (s) may comprise from about 20% to about 75%, in some embodiments from about 25% to about 70%, in some embodiments from about 40% to about 65% by weight of the ribbon. Configure.

[0078] Usually, the ribbon can be fed directly from the impregnation die 150 to the extrusion system,
Or from a spindle or other suitable storage device. A tension control device can be used to help control the degree of tension in the ribbon as it is pulled through the extrusion system. An oven can be supplied to the device that heats the ribbon. The ribbon can then be fed into a reinforced die that compresses the ribbon together into a preform as well as aligns,
It can be manipulated to shape the initial shape of the desired product, such as a rod. If desired, a second die (eg, a calibration die) that compresses the preform to a final shape can also be used. A cooling system may further be incorporated between the dies and / or after any dies. A downstream take-off device can be arranged to pull the product through the system.

[0079] These and other variations and modifications of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Further, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged in whole or in part. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the invention described in the appended claims.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
[1]
An impregnation section of a die (150) for impregnating a plurality of fiber rovings (142) with a polymer resin (214),
An impregnation zone (250) configured to impregnate a plurality of rovings (142) with resin (214); and
Resin (214) passes through the resin (214) so that it strikes the surface (216) of each of the plurality of rovings (142) facing the gate passageway (270) and coats the plurality of rovings (142) substantially uniformly. 214) The impregnation section comprising a gate passageway (270) in fluid communication with an impregnation zone (250) for flowing 214).
[2]
The impregnation section according to [1], wherein the gate passageway (270) extends perpendicular to the impregnation zone (250).
[3]
At least a part of the gate passage (270) is the impregnation section according to any one of [1] or [2], wherein the cross-sectional profile of the flow direction (244) of the resin (214) is gradually reduced.
[4]
The impregnation section according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the impregnation zone (250) includes a plurality of contact surfaces (252).
[5]
The impregnation section according to [4], wherein the impregnation zone (250) comprises 2 to 50 contact surfaces (252).
[6]
The impregnation section according to [4] or [5], wherein each of the plurality of contact surfaces (252) includes a curved contact surface.
[7]
Each of the plurality of contact surfaces (252) is configured such that the plurality of rovings (142) cross the contact surface (252) at an angle (254) ranging from 1 degree to 30 degrees [4] , [5] or [6] impregnation section.
[8]
The impregnation section according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the impregnation zone (250) has a corrugated cross-sectional profile.
[9]
The impregnation section according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the impregnation zone (250) includes a plurality of pins (260).
[10]
The impregnation section according to [9], wherein each of the plurality of pins (260) is fixed.
[11]
The impregnation section according to [9], wherein each of the plurality of pins (260) is rotationally driven.
[12]
A first plate (256) defining a first internal surface (257) and a second plate spaced from the first plate (256) and defining a second opposing internal surface (259) A plate (258), wherein the impregnation zone (250) is defined between the first plate (256) and a second plate (258), the impregnation zone (250) The impregnation section according to any one of [1] to [11], comprising a plurality of contact surfaces (252) defined on only one of the inner surface (257) or the second inner surface (259) .
[13]
The impregnation section according to any one of [1] to [12], further including a land zone (280) downstream of the impregnation zone (250) in the traveling direction (282) of the plurality of rovings (142).
[14]
The impregnation section according to [13], wherein at least a part of the land zone (280) has a gradually increasing cross-sectional profile in the traveling direction (282).
[15]
Further comprising a face plate (290) adjacent to the impregnation zone (250), wherein the face plate (290) is configured to meter excess resin (214) in a plurality of rovings (142), The impregnation section according to any one of 1] to [14].
[16]
The impregnation section according to any one of [1] to [15], wherein the resin (214) is a thermoplastic resin (214).
[17]
The impregnation section according to any one of [1] to [15], wherein the resin (214) is a thermosetting resin (214).
[18]
A method of impregnating a plurality of fiber rovings (142) with a polymer resin (214),
Impinging the polymer resin (214) on the surface (216) of the plurality of fiber rovings (142);
Substantially uniformly coating the plurality of rovings (142) with resin (214); and
Crossing the plurality of coated rovings (142) through the impregnation zone (250) to impregnate the plurality of coated rovings (142) with the resin (214), wherein the plurality of rovings comprises: Each of (142) is under tension of about 5 Newtons to about 300 Newtons in the impregnation zone (250).
[19]
Further comprising flowing resin (214) through the gate passage (270), wherein at least a portion of the gate passage (270) gradually reduces the cross-sectional profile of the flow direction (244) of the resin (214). The method according to [18].
[20]
The plurality of rovings (142) traverse from the impregnation zone (250) through the land zone (280), and the land zone (280) impregnates the traveling direction (282) of the plurality of rovings (142). The method according to [18] or [19], which is arranged downstream of the zone (250).

Claims (12)

A die impregnation section for impregnating a plurality of fiber rovings with a polymer resin,
Impregnation zone configured to impregnate the resin into the plurality of rovings, wherein said impregnation zone saw including a plurality of contact surfaces, each of the plurality of contact surfaces are protrusions curved, the A plurality of contact surfaces forming a sinusoidal path, the plurality of rovings being configured to traverse each of the plurality of contact surfaces at an angle ranging from 1 degree to 30 degrees ; and
Collides with the plurality of rovings each surface of the resin facing the gate passageway, to substantially uniformly coating the plurality of rovings, said impregnation zone and fluid for flowing the resin downward through therein gate passageway in communication, wherein said gate passage extends perpendicularly to the impregnation zone has a cross-sectional profile is gradually reduced in the flow direction of the resin, in the running direction of the plurality of rovings , that it is located upstream of all the contact surfaces of the impregnation zone;
Said impregnation section.   The impregnation section according to claim 1, wherein the impregnation zone comprises 2 to 50 contact surfaces.   The impregnation section according to claim 1, wherein the impregnation zone is defined between two spaced apart opposing plates and the contact surface is defined on the plate. Further comprising a plurality of lands zone downstream of the impregnation zone in the running direction of the roving, impregnated section of claim 1. The impregnation section according to claim 4 , wherein at least a part of the land zone has a cross-sectional profile that gradually increases in the direction of travel. Said include impregnation zone further face plate that are adjacent the face plate is configured to meter excess resin in said plurality of rovings, impregnated section of claim 1. A method of impregnating a plurality of fiber rovings with a polymer resin,
Flowing the polymer resin vertically and downwardly through the gate passage , wherein the gate passage has a cross-sectional profile extending perpendicular to the impregnation zone and gradually shrinking in the resin flow direction ;
Impinging said polymer resin on the surface of a plurality of fiber rovings;
Substantially uniformly coating the resin to the plurality of rovings; and
To impregnate the resin to said plurality of coating already roving causes across said plurality of coating already roving through in said impregnation zone, wherein said impregnation zone comprises a plurality of contact surfaces, the plurality of contact surfaces Each of which is a curved protrusion, wherein the plurality of contact surfaces form a sinusoidal path, and the plurality of rovings traverse each of the plurality of contact surfaces at an angle in a range of 1 degree to 30 degrees. configured to, said plurality of respective roving located under tension of the impregnation zone at 5 Newtons to 3 00 Newtons, said gate passage, in the running direction of the plurality of rovings, all of the impregnation zone Located upstream of the contact surface;
Said method comprising each step. The method of claim 7 , wherein the impregnation zone comprises 2-50 contact surfaces.   The method of claim 7, wherein the impregnation zone is defined between two spaced opposite plates, and the contact surface is defined on the plate. Wherein the plurality of rovings across through the inside of the land zone from the impregnation zone, the land zone, the plurality of which is arranged downstream of the impregnation zone in the running direction of the roving, the method according to claim 7 . The method of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the land zone has a cross-sectional profile that gradually increases in the direction of travel. The method of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of rovings traverse from the impregnation zone through a face plate, the face plate being configured to meter excess resin in the plurality of rovings.

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