JP6203338B1 - Extrusion machine - Google Patents

Abstract

An extrusion molding machine capable of preventing a decrease in the amount of feed of a workpiece due to a helical shaft and preventing backflow of the workpiece. An extrusion molding machine (1) includes a spiral shaft (2) for kneading and compressing an object to be processed inside a mixing casing (11) and a compression casing (13). A plurality of wall surface members 31 and 34 are disposed inside the compression casing 13 so as to surround the spiral shaft 2. On the inner side surfaces of the wall surface members 31, 34, a plurality of protrusions are formed which are inclined on the opposite side to the side on which the spiral blades 22 b, 23 b are inclined with respect to the plane passing through the center of the spiral shaft 2. When the spiral shaft 2 is rotationally driven by the rotational drive shaft 6, the object to be processed in the compression casing 13 is compressed by the spiral blades 22 b and 23 b of the spiral shaft 2. The protrusions of the wall surface members 31 and 34 inclined in the opposite direction to the spiral blades 22b and 23b send the object to be processed to the distal end side of the spiral shaft 2, thereby preventing the feed amount from being lowered and supplied. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an extrusion molding machine for producing a solid material such as fuel by extruding, for example, waste plastic, waste paper, wood waste and the like.

  Conventionally, as an extrusion molding machine for producing solid fuel using waste plastic, waste paper, wood chips, etc. as materials, a mixing chamber connected to a material inlet, a compression chamber connected to the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber and the compression chamber And two end face plates that are arranged in parallel to each other and arranged in parallel with each other, and an end face plate that is installed opposite to the tip of the helix axis and that has an extrusion hole (for example, patent document) 1).

  This type of extruder is formed so that the pitch of the spiral shaft becomes narrower toward the tip, and the compression space formed between the spiral shaft and the compression chamber is formed smaller toward the tip. . As a result, the material to be processed that has been input to the input port is kneaded while being compressed with a compressive force that increases as it is sent to the tip side by the helical shaft, and the molten material such as waste plastic is effectively melted by the temperature increase due to friction. At the same time, it is formed so as to be effectively mixed with non-melted materials such as waste paper and wood chips. In this way, the object to be processed in which the melt and the non-melt are mixed is extruded from the extrusion hole of the end face plate to produce a molded product.

JP 2009-244104 A

  However, the conventional extrusion molding machine has a problem that the workpiece guided to the tip end side of the spiral shaft is difficult to move, and the amount of feed of the workpiece by the spiral shaft is reduced. In the worst case, there is a possibility that the object to be processed rotates in the circumferential direction together with the spiral axis without moving in the axial direction of the spiral axis, and the ability to push out the molded product from the extrusion hole may be significantly reduced.

  Further, in the above-described conventional extrusion molding machine, when the workpiece is relatively high in fluidity such as a granular material made of synthetic resin, it is guided to the tip side of the helical shaft and receives a high compressive force. In addition, there is a problem in that the amount of molded product is reduced due to backflow through the gap between the helical shaft and the compression chamber toward the inlet.

  Then, the subject of this invention is providing the extrusion molding machine which can prevent the fall of the feed amount of the to-be-processed object by a helical shaft, and can prevent the backflow of a to-be-processed object.

In order to solve the above problems, an extrusion molding machine according to the present invention includes an input port into which an object to be processed is input,
A processing chamber that is connected to the input port and into which the input object to be processed is guided;
A helical shaft disposed in the processing chamber and having a helical blade for kneading and compressing the workpiece;
An extrusion molding machine provided with a molding nozzle that is installed on the end face of the processing chamber so as to face the tip of the spiral shaft, and a workpiece is guided by the spiral shaft to perform molding;
A groove or ridge extending in a direction inclined with respect to the spiral blade of the spiral shaft is formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber.

  According to the above configuration, the object to be processed introduced from the charging port is guided to the processing chamber, and the object to be processed is kneaded and compressed by the spiral shaft arranged in the processing chamber. The object to be processed kneaded and compressed by the spiral shaft is guided to a molding nozzle installed on the end surface of the processing chamber so as to face the tip of the spiral shaft, and is molded and discharged by the molding nozzle. The molded product is manufactured. When the object to be processed is compressed by the helical shaft, the object to be processed may adhere to the helical axis and be difficult to move in the axial direction. Here, since a groove or ridge extending in a direction inclined with respect to the spiral blade of the helical shaft is formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber, the groove or ridge causes the axial direction of the object to be processed. Movement is promoted. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the feed amount of the object to be processed in the axial direction by the spiral shaft and a back flow of the object to be processed, and it is possible to prevent the object to be processed from rotating in the circumferential direction together with the spiral shaft. Further, even if the object to be processed has a relatively high fluidity, it is facilitated to move the object to be processed to the tip side in the axial direction by the groove or ridge formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber. Further, it is possible to prevent the inconvenience of flowing backward to the inlet through the gap between the spiral shaft and the processing chamber.

  In one embodiment, the groove or ridge on the wall surface of the processing chamber is inclined to the side opposite to the side where the spiral blade is inclined with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis.

  According to the above embodiment, when the workpiece is compressed by the helical shaft, the groove formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber and inclined to the side opposite to the side on which the spiral blade is inclined with respect to the plane passing through the center of the helical axis, or The object to be processed can be effectively moved to the tip side in the axial direction by the ridge.

  In an extruder according to an embodiment, a ridge having a rectangular cross section with a flat top is formed on a wall surface of the processing chamber, extending in a direction inclined with respect to the spiral blade of the spiral shaft.

  According to the above embodiment, since the ridge having a flat rectangular cross section at the top is formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber, the length of the portion where the ridge and the peripheral edge of the spiral blade of the spiral shaft are close to each other is set. Can be secured for a relatively long time. Therefore, it is possible to effectively apply an axial force to the object to be processed and move it to the tip end side in the axial direction, so that it is possible to prevent a decrease in the feed amount of the object to be processed and to effectively reverse the process object. Can be prevented.

  In the extruder according to one embodiment, the groove or ridge forms an inclination angle of 10 ° or more and 80 ° or less with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis.

  According to the above embodiment, the groove or ridge formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber forms an inclination angle of 10 ° or more and 80 ° or less with respect to the plane passing through the center of the spiral shaft, so that the spiral blade of the spiral shaft rotates. Accordingly, an axial force can be effectively applied to the object to be processed that rotates together with the spiral blade.

In the extrusion molding machine of one embodiment, the wall surface portion of the processing chamber is formed of a plurality of removable wall surface members,
The groove or ridge is formed on the inner surface of the wall member.

  According to the above-described embodiment, the wall of the processing chamber is in contact with the workpiece to be rotated and moved in a state compressed by the spiral shaft, so that wear easily proceeds. Here, the wall portion of the processing chamber is formed of a plurality of removable wall members, and a groove or ridge is formed on the inner surface of the wall member, so that even if the groove or ridge is worn, it can be easily replaced. Can be repaired. In addition, since it is only necessary to replace the wall member in the groove or ridge portion where the wear has progressed, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of repair compared to replacing all the wall surfaces of the processing chamber.

  In the extrusion molding machine according to one embodiment, the wall member is fixed to the processing chamber by a wedge.

  According to the said embodiment, a wall surface member can be easily attached or detached to a process chamber by using a wedge.

  In the extrusion molding machine according to an embodiment, the wall member is fixed to the processing chamber by a screw.

  According to the said embodiment, a wall surface member can be firmly fixed to a process chamber by using a screw.

An extruder according to an embodiment includes the two helical shafts, the two helical shafts are arranged in parallel to each other and are driven to rotate in directions opposite to each other,
The groove or ridge provided on the wall surface facing one spiral axis of the processing chamber and the groove or ridge provided on the wall surface facing the other spiral axis are formed to be inclined in opposite directions.

  According to the above-described embodiment, the objects to be processed put into the processing chamber are effectively kneaded and compressed by the two helical shafts arranged in parallel to each other and driven to rotate in opposite directions. A groove or ridge formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber facing one spiral axis and a groove or ridge formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber facing the other spiral axis are formed to be inclined in opposite directions. Therefore, the object to be processed can be effectively moved to the tip side in the axial direction according to the rotation direction of the helical shaft.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the principal part of the extrusion molding machine of embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the extrusion molding machine of embodiment. It is a front view which shows the end surface board installed in the end surface of a process chamber. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the inside of a process chamber. It is a front view of the 1st wall surface member which forms the wall surface part of a process chamber. It is the top view which extended and showed the inner surface of the 1st wall surface member. It is a front view of the 2nd wall surface member which forms the wall surface part of a process chamber. It is the top view which extended and showed the inner surface of the 2nd wall surface member. It is the figure which expanded and showed a part of wall surface of a process chamber.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a main part of an extruder according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the extruder according to the embodiment. The solidification processing apparatus of this embodiment produces solid fuel by reducing and molding waste, including, for example, plastic as a melt and, for example, waste paper and wood chips as a non-melt as a material to be processed. It is.

  The extrusion molding machine 1 of this embodiment includes two helical shafts 2 and 3 for kneading and compressing a workpiece, rotary drive shafts 6 and 7 connected to the helical shafts 2 and 3, respectively, A reduction gear R, a transmission device T, and a motor M, which are connected to the rotary drive shaft 6 via a coupling 4, are provided.

  The helical shafts 2 and 3 are accommodated inside a mixing casing 11 having a workpiece inlet 12 formed at the upper end and a compression casing 13 connected to the front end of the mixing casing 11. Between the inner surface of the mixing casing 11 and the inner surface of the compression casing 13 and the outer surface of the spiral shafts 2 and 3, a processing chamber is formed for kneading and compressing an object to be processed introduced from the inlet 12. Yes. More specifically, the mixing casing 11 having the inlet 12 formed at the upper end has a substantially rectangular upper portion, while the lower inner surface surrounds both sides and the lower side of the rear portion of the spiral shafts 2 and 3. Is formed. Between the inner surface of the mixing casing 11 and the outer surface of the spiral shafts 2 and 3, a processing chamber for mainly kneading the workpiece is formed. The compression casing 13 has an octagonal shape with a wide cross section, and a wall surface surrounding the front side portions of the spiral shafts 2 and 3 is formed inside. Between the inner surface of the compression casing 13 and the outer surfaces of the spiral shafts 2 and 3, a processing chamber for mainly compressing the workpiece is formed. A flange 14 is formed at the front end of the compression casing 13, and the end face plate 5 is fixed to the flange 14 with a bolt. A plurality of molding nozzles 57 are attached to the end face plate 5 to discharge the processed waste while molding. The side face of the end face plate 5 and the edge of the flange 14 are connected by a link hinge device 50, and the end face plate 5 can be rotated by the link hinge device 50 with the bolt removed. .

  A shaft insertion port 11a is formed in the rear wall surface of the mixing casing 11, and a pair of rotational drive shafts 6 and 7 are inserted through the shaft insertion port 11a. The rear portions of the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7 are accommodated in a gear box 16 and are rotatably supported by bearings 17. Front portions of the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7 are formed in a fitting portion 6 a having a hexagonal cross section, and the pair of fitting portions 6 a extend in parallel to each other up to the vicinity of the inner surface of the end face plate 5. FIG. 1 shows only the fitting portion 6a of one rotary drive shaft 6. Hereinafter, only the illustrated one fitting portion 6a is referred to, but the other fitting portion of the rotary drive shaft 7 has the same configuration. The helical shafts 2 and 3 are externally fitted to the fitting portions 6a of the pair of rotational drive shafts 6 and 7, respectively. In the present embodiment, in the direction in which the spiral shafts 2 and 3 and the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7 extend, the side toward the end face plate 5 is referred to as the front side, and the side toward the speed reducer R is referred to as the rear side.

  The spiral shafts 2 and 3 have shaft portions attached to the fitting portions 6a of the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7, and spiral blades formed on the peripheral surface of the shaft portions. The pair of helical shafts 2 and 3 attached to the fitting portions 6a of the pair of rotational drive shafts 6 and 7 are formed so that the spiral blades are opposite to each other, and the spiral blades are seen from the extending direction of the shaft portions. They are arranged so as to overlap. The pair of rotational drive shafts 6 and 7 are rotationally driven in directions opposite to each other as indicated by arrows R1 and R2 in FIG. As a result, the spiral shafts 2 and 3 are rotated and driven from the top to the bottom in the overlapping portions so as to sandwich the waste material to be processed that has been input from the input port 12 and kneaded and compressed. However, it is formed so as to be transferred to the end face plate 5 side.

  The pair of spiral shafts 2 and 3 are formed of a first spiral shaft portion 21, a second spiral shaft portion 22, and a third spiral shaft portion 23 in order from the rear side to the front side in the mixing casing 11. ing. In FIG. 1, only the first to third spiral shaft portions 21, 22, and 23 of one spiral shaft 2 are shown, but the other spiral shaft 3 is also a first to third spiral shaft portion. Is formed. Hereinafter, only the reference numeral of one spiral shaft 2 is cited, but the other spiral shaft 3 has the same configuration. The first to third spiral shaft portions 21, 22, and 23 are formed by shaft portions 21a, 22a, and 23a and spiral blades 21b, 22b, and 23b. The shaft portions 21a and 22a of the first and second spiral shafts are formed with through holes 21c and 22c having a hexagonal cross section inserted through the fitting portion 6a and coaxial with the central axis. On the other hand, the shaft portion 23a of the third spiral shaft is formed with a bottomed hole 23c having a hexagonal cross section that is fitted to the tip end portion of the fitting portion 6a and coaxial with the central axis. A bolt hole that continues to the bottomed hole 23c is provided on the end surface of the shaft portion 23a of the third spiral shaft. The through holes 21c and 22c are inserted into the fitting portions 6a of the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7, and the helical shafts 6 and 7 are attached. The bottomed holes 23c are fitted and the third helical shaft portion 23 is fitted. It is attached. A bolt 25 is inserted into the bolt hole on the end surface of the third spiral shaft portion 23, and the bolt 25 is screwed to the fitting portion 6a of the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7, so that the first to third spiral shaft portions 21, 22 and 23 are fixed to the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7. The spiral blades 21b, 22b, 23b of the first to third spiral shaft portions 21, 22, 23 of one spiral shaft 6 and the spiral blades of the first to third spiral shafts of the other spiral shaft 7 are mutually connected. It is formed in the opposite direction winding.

  The spiral shafts 2 and 3 are formed such that the diameter of the shaft portion 21a of the first spiral shaft portion 21 and the diameter of the shaft portion 22a of the second spiral shaft portion 22 are increased in this order. On the other hand, the second spiral shaft portion 22 and the third spiral shaft portion 23 have the same diameter of the shaft portions 22a and 23a. Further, the spiral shafts 2 and 3 are formed so that the pitch, which is the interval in the axial direction of the spiral blades 21b, 22b, and 23b, is reduced in this order. Furthermore, the thickness of the spiral blades 21b, 22b, and 23b of the first to third spiral shaft portions 21, 22, and 23 is increased in this order. As a result, the volume of the chamber formed between the cylinder in contact with the outer periphery of each of the spiral shaft portions 21, 22, 23 and the outer surface of each of the spiral shaft portions 21, 22, 23 is reduced to the first spiral shaft portion 21. And the second spiral shaft portion 22 and the third spiral shaft portion 23 are formed smaller in this order. Thereby, the said 1st spiral shaft part 21, the 2nd spiral shaft part 22, and the 3rd spiral shaft part 23 are formed so that a big compressive force may act on a to-be-processed object sequentially. The volume of the chamber corresponding to the third spiral shaft portion 23 with respect to the volume of the chamber corresponding to the first spiral shaft portion 21 is a ratio between 1/2 and 1/3 (hereinafter referred to as volume reduction ratio). ). By using the spiral shafts 2 and 3 having such a volume reduction ratio, waste that is an object to be processed having a bulk specific gravity of 0.025 at the time of charging, and the bulk specific gravity at the time of discharging the end face plate forming nozzle 57 are approximately The compression can be made to a level between 0.45 and 0.5. In addition, waste having a specific gravity of 0.025 at the time of charging can be compressed to an extent that the true specific gravity is approximately between 0.6 and 1.2 when discharged from the forming nozzle 57.

  The spiral shafts 2 and 3 are formed such that the end portion on the first spiral shaft side 21 of the shaft portion 22a of the second spiral shaft is tapered. As a result, when the workpiece is transferred from the first spiral shaft portion 21 to the second spiral shaft portion 22, even if the diameter of the shaft portions 21a and 22a is increased, the resistance given to the workpiece is reduced. Yes.

  The spiral shafts 2 and 3 are the first spiral shaft portion 21, the second spiral shaft portion 22, and the third spiral shaft portion 23, and the number of turns of the spiral blades 21b, 22b, and 23b is 1, respectively. It is formed into a roll. That is, one end of the spiral blades 21b, 22b, and 23b of each spiral shaft is at substantially the same circumferential position as the other end of the spiral blades 21b, 22b, and 23b when viewed from the axial direction. This facilitates the manufacture of the first to third spiral shaft portions 21, 22, 23, and facilitates maintenance work such as repair and replacement of the first to third spiral shaft portions 21, 22, 23. Yes.

  The third spiral shaft portion 23 is connected to the end of the spiral blade 23b and has a flat surface portion 23d formed substantially at right angles to the central axis of the shaft portion 23a. By rotating the flat portion 23d close to the inner surface of the end face plate 5, the waste compressed at high density is reliably pushed out from the forming nozzle 57 of the end face plate 5. Since the third helical shaft portion 23 gives the maximum compressive force among the compressive forces given by the helical shaft portions 21, 22, 23 to the waste, the amount of wear is larger than that of the other helical shafts. Chipping is likely to occur due to metal pieces mixed in. Therefore, the third helical shaft portion 23 is constituted by a base portion made of chrome steel and a built-up portion formed by welding on the surface of the base portion. This built-up portion is preferably formed using a wear-resistant material such as tungsten carbide material.

  Further, the third spiral shaft portion 23 is formed with an oil hole extending in the radial direction in the shaft portion 23a, and the bottomed hole 23c of the shaft portion 23a and the fitting portion 6a of the rotary drive shafts 6 and 7 are passed through the oil hole. During this period, lubricating oil is supplied. As the lubricating oil, it is preferable to use graphite grease. As a result, in spite of a large compressive force applied to the waste, there are inconveniences such as stress corrosion, sticking and biting of fine particles of waste between the shaft portion 23a of the third spiral shaft and the fitting portion 6a. Can be prevented. Similarly to the third spiral shaft portion 23, the first and second spiral shaft portions 21 and 22 also apply lubricating oil between the respective spiral shafts and the fitting portions 6a through oil holes formed in the respective spiral shafts. Supply.

  The third spiral shaft portion 23 has four jack screw holes 27 on the end surface of the shaft portion 23a. By screwing a jack screw into the jack screw hole 27 and applying a force to the end surface of the fitting portion 6a with the jack screw, the third helical shaft portion 23 can be easily pulled out from the fitting portion 6a.

  Spur gears 61 and 71 which are respectively provided on the pair of rotation drive shafts 6 and 7 and mesh with each other are accommodated in the gear box 16 located on the rear side of the mixing casing 11. One rotary drive shaft 6 is connected to a coupling 4 provided adjacent to the gear box 16. The coupling 4 is connected to the speed reducer R, and the rotational force transmitted from the motor M via the transmission T is decelerated by the speed reducer R, and the one rotational drive shaft is connected via the coupling 4. 6 is transmitted. A rotational force is transmitted to the other rotary drive shaft 7 through the spur gear 61 of the one rotary drive shaft 6 so that the pair of rotary drive shafts 6 and 7 rotate at opposite speeds at a constant speed. Has been.

  FIG. 3 is a front view showing the end face plate 5 as viewed from the compression casing 13 side. The end face plate 5 is formed of a steel plate and is fitted into the end face plate main body 51 having a rectangular recess 51a formed on one surface on the compression casing 13 side and the recess 51a of the end face plate main body 51 to be resistant to the end plate. A rectangular plate-shaped wear-resistant plate 52 formed of wear steel, a plurality of molding nozzles 57, 57,... Attached to the end plate main body 51, and terminals provided on the upper end surface of the end plate main body 51 A case 53 is provided.

  The wear resistant plate 52 is made of wear resistant steel having a hardness higher than that of the end plate main body 51 and having a Rockwell hardness of 50 or more. As such wear-resistant steel, for example, HARDOX 500 manufactured by Sweden Steel Co., Ltd. can be used. In the wear-resistant plate 52, a plurality of material supply holes 52c, 52c,... Are formed in an 8-shaped region through which the flat portion 23d at the tip of the third spiral shaft portion 23 passes. . A frustoconical chamfered portion 52d is provided at the opening of the material supply hole 52c facing the inside of the mixing casing 11 in order to introduce a pressurized material. At the corners of the four corners of the wear-resistant plate 52, straight chamfered portions 52a are provided in front view. A plurality of bolt holes 52 b, 52 b,... For fixing to the end face plate main body 51 are provided at the four corners of the wear-resistant plate 52 and the center of each side.

  The recess 51a of the end plate main body 51 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front, and arc-shaped chamfers are formed at the corners when viewed from above. A plurality of nozzle holes 51c formed at the same positions as the plurality of material supply holes 52c, 52c,... Of the wear-resistant plate 52 are formed on the bottom surface of the concave portion 51a of the end plate main body 51. A step 51d is formed in the opening on the bottom side of the recess 51a of the nozzle hole 51c. A flange 57a provided at the end of the molding nozzle 57 is engaged with the stepped portion 51d, and the molding nozzle 57 is attached to the nozzle hole 51c.

  The molding nozzle 57 has an inner wall formed in a cylindrical shape, and an opening at one end communicating with the material supply hole 52c is formed at a right angle in the axial cross section. The forming nozzle 57 is inserted into the nozzle hole 51 c and protrudes from the other surface of the end plate main body 51.

  The end plate main body 51 incorporates a plurality of heaters 54 for heating the material supply hole 52c of the wear-resistant plate 52 and the object to be processed passing through the molding nozzle 57. The heater 54 is a resistance heating type heater. The heaters 54 are arranged in six rows in the width direction. The heaters 54 are provided in one or two rows in the thickness direction of the end face plate 5. The number of heaters 54 arranged in the width direction may be other than six.

  In the end face plate main body 51, a temperature sensor 55 is incorporated in one of the plurality of nozzle holes 51c. The temperature sensor 55 detects the temperature of the material passing through the molding nozzle 57 fitted in the nozzle hole 51c, and the control device (not shown) controls on / off of the heater 54 so that the detected temperature becomes a preset value. Is done. The mixing casing 11 is provided with a water injection nozzle to which water is supplied by a pump (not shown), and the operation of the pump is controlled by a control device. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 55 is abnormally high, under the control of the control device, the pump operates to inject water into the mixing casing 11 through the water injection nozzle, thereby reducing the temperature of the object to be processed. ing. A water injection device is formed by the control device, the pump, and the water injection nozzle.

  A terminal case 53 attached to the upper end of the end plate main body 51 accommodates a power wiring 54a connected to the six heaters 54, and a connector connected to the power wiring 54a is provided on the other surface. . The terminal case 53 accommodates a signal wiring connected to the temperature sensor 55, and a connector 55a connected to the signal wiring is provided at the upper end. The terminal case 53 is connected to the upper end of the end face plate main body 51 with a bolt (not shown), and the end face plate 5 can be suspended by an eyebolt 56 fixed to the upper end face of the terminal case 53.

  A plurality of bolt holes 51b, 51b,... Are provided in the peripheral portion of the end plate main body 51, and the end plate main body 51 is compressed by the bolts inserted into the bolt holes 51b, 51b,. It is fixed to the flange 14 on the end face of the casing 13.

  A cutting machine (not shown) is attached to the front surface of the end face plate 5, and the workpiece to be processed discharged from the forming nozzle 57 of the end face plate 5 is cut by this cutting machine. The cutting machine is preferably supported on the flange 14 of the compression casing 13 by a hinge on the side opposite to the side where the link hinge device 50 is provided in the width direction.

  4 is a cross-sectional view of the compression casing 13 taken along line AA in FIG. 1 and viewed from the inside. In FIG. 4, the first to eighth wall surface members 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 and the spiral shafts 2 and 3 are not cross sections, but show the frontal state. As shown in FIG. 4, in the compression casing 13, eight wall surface members 31, 32, 33, 34, which surround the second spiral shaft portion 22 and the third spiral shaft portions 23, 26 of the spiral shafts 2, 3. 35, 36, 37, 38 are arranged. A waste treatment chamber is formed between the inner side surfaces of the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 and the outer side surfaces of the second and third helical shaft portions 22, 23, and 26.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 are arranged along the inner surface of the compression casing 13 having a wide octagonal cross section. Regarding the first wall surface member 31, the fourth wall surface member 34 is formed symmetrically with respect to the planes passing through the centerlines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Further, with respect to the first wall surface member 31, the fifth wall surface member 35 is formed symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the center line of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Further, with respect to the second wall surface member 32, the third wall surface member 33 is formed symmetrically with respect to a plane passing through the center lines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Further, with respect to the second wall surface member 32, the sixth wall surface member 36 is formed symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the center lines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Furthermore, with respect to the fifth wall surface member 35 and the sixth wall surface member 36, the eighth wall surface member 38 and the seventh wall surface member 37 are formed symmetrically with respect to the planes passing through the centerlines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. . As described above, the second and third helical shaft portions 22, 23, and 26 are surrounded by the third to eighth wall surface members 33 to 38 in which the first wall surface member 31 and the second wall surface member 32 are formed in line symmetry. A wall surface is formed. These first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 have spiral blades 22 b of the second and third spiral shaft portions 22, 23, 26 on the surfaces facing the second and third spiral shaft portions 22, 23, 26. , 23b, 26b, a plurality of protrusions are formed as ridges extending in a direction inclined. Therefore, the projections of the first to fourth wall surface members 31 to 34 surrounding one spiral shaft 2 and the projections of the fifth to eighth wall surface members 35 to 38 surrounding the other spiral shaft 3 are inclined in opposite directions. ing.

  5A is a front view showing the first wall surface member 31, and FIG. 5B is a plan view showing the curved inner surface of the first wall surface member 31 extended. The first wall surface member 31 is disposed from the upper side of one helical shaft 2 to the side closer to the other helical shaft 3. As shown in FIG. 5A, the first wall surface member 31 includes a member main body 310, a protrusion 312 protruding in a normal direction on a surface of the member main body 310 that contacts the inner surface of the compression casing 13, and the protrusion 312. It has a wedge hole 313 provided in the vicinity of the tip. On the opposite side of the projecting portion 312 of the member main body 310, an inner side surface 310a that is formed in a curved surface so as to face the second and third spiral shaft portions 22 and 23 of one spiral shaft 2 and forms a part of the wall surface. Is formed. The inner surface 310a is provided with a plurality of protrusions 315 and 315 inclined on the opposite side to the side on which the spiral blades 22b and 23b are inclined with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis 2. The protrusions 315 and 315 have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and are spaced by an interval L1 of 88% of the average value of the pitches of the second and third helical shaft portions 22 and 23 in the extending direction of the helical shaft 2. Has been placed.

  FIG. 6A is a front view showing the second wall surface member 32, and FIG. 6B is a plan view showing the curved inner surface of the second wall surface member 32 extended. The second wall surface member 32 is disposed from the upper side of one helical shaft 2 to the side portion opposite to the other helical shaft 3. As shown in FIG. 6A, the second wall surface member 32 includes a member main body 320, a protrusion 322 protruding in a normal direction on a surface of the member main body 320 that contacts the inner surface of the compression casing 13, and the protrusion 322. It has a wedge hole 323 provided in the vicinity of the tip. On the opposite side of the projecting portion 322 of the member main body 320, an inner side surface 320a that is formed in a curved surface so as to face the second and third spiral shaft portions 22 and 23 of one spiral shaft 2 and forms a part of the wall surface. Is formed. The inner surface 320a is provided with a plurality of protrusions 325 and 325 inclined on the opposite side to the side on which the spiral blades 22b and 23b are inclined with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis 2. The protrusions 325 and 325 have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and have an interval L2 that is 88% of the average value of the pitches of the second and third helical shaft portions 22 and 23 in the extending direction of the helical shaft 2. Has been placed.

  The distances L1, L2 between the protrusions 315, 325 provided on the first and second wall surface members 31, 32 are in the range of 10% to 150% of the average value of the pitches of the second and third helical shaft portions 22, 23. Preferably, it is 50% or more and 100% or less of the average value of the pitch of the second and third helical shaft portions 22 and 23. Further, the widths of the protrusions 315 and 325 are set to be 50% or less of the distances L1 and L2 between the protrusions 315 and 325.

  The heights of the protrusions 315 and 325 provided on the first and second wall surface members 31 and 32 are set to a height that forms a predetermined clearance with respect to the peripheral edges of the spiral blades 22b and 23b of the spiral shaft 2. . The clearance between the protrusions 315 and 325 and the spiral blades 22b and 23b can be set to about 3 mm. Moreover, the clearance between the inner side surfaces 310a and 320a of the first and second wall surface members 31 and 32 and the peripheral edges of the spiral blades 22b and 23b of the spiral shaft 2 can be set to about 11 mm. In this case, the height of the protrusions 315 and 325 can be set to about 8 mm. The clearances between the inner side surfaces 310a and 320a and the projections 315 and 325 of the first and second wall surface members 31 and 32 and the peripheral edges of the spiral blades 22b and 23b are appropriately set according to the diameter of the spiral shaft 2 and the like. it can.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 are arranged along the inner surface of the compression casing 13 having a wide octagonal cross section. Regarding the first wall surface member 31, the fourth wall surface member 34 is formed symmetrically with respect to the planes passing through the centerlines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Further, with respect to the first wall surface member 31, the fifth wall surface member 35 is formed symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the center line of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Further, with respect to the second wall surface member 32, the third wall surface member 33 is formed symmetrically with respect to a plane passing through the center lines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Further, with respect to the second wall surface member 32, the sixth wall surface member 36 is formed symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the center lines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. Furthermore, with respect to the fifth wall surface member 35 and the sixth wall surface member 36, the eighth wall surface member 38 and the seventh wall surface member 37 are formed symmetrically with respect to the planes passing through the centerlines of the spiral axes 2 and 3. . As described above, the second and third helical shaft portions 22, 23, and 26 are surrounded by the third to eighth wall surface members 33 to 38 in which the first wall surface member 31 and the second wall surface member 32 are formed in line symmetry. A wall surface is formed. These first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 have spiral blades 22 b of the second and third spiral shaft portions 22, 23, 26 on the surfaces facing the second and third spiral shaft portions 22, 23, 26. , 23b, 26b, a plurality of protrusions are formed as ridges extending in a direction inclined. Therefore, the projections of the first to fourth wall surface members 31 to 34 surrounding one spiral shaft 2 and the projections of the fifth to eighth wall surface members 35 to 38 surrounding the other spiral shaft 3 are inclined in opposite directions. ing.

  FIG. 7 is a developed view of a part of the wall surface of the processing chamber formed by the inner surfaces of the first to fourth wall surface members 31 to 34. FIG. 7 also shows a cross section of the spiral shaft 2 surrounded by the first to fourth wall surface members 31 to 34. As shown in FIG. 7, the protrusions 315 and 315 of the first wall surface member 31, the protrusions 325 and 325 of the second wall surface member 32, the protrusions 335 and 335 of the third wall surface member 33, and the protrusion of the fourth wall surface member 34. 345 and 345 are inclined in the same direction with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis 2 to form a spiral shape. Thereby, the protrusions 315 to 345 of the first to fourth wall surface members are inclined in the opposite direction with respect to the spiral blades 22b and 23b of the spiral shaft 2 facing each other as shown by broken lines in FIG. The projections 315 to 345 of the first to fourth wall surface members have an angle α with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis 2 within a range of 55 ° to 65 °. Here, the angles of the protrusions 315 to 345 can be set in a range of 10 ° to 80 °, and preferably 20 ° to 70 °.

  Similarly to the first to fourth wall surface members 31 to 34 surrounding the one spiral shaft 2, the fifth to eighth wall surface members 35 to 38 surrounding the other spiral shaft 3 are also arranged on the inner surface of the other spiral shaft 3. A protrusion inclined in the opposite direction with respect to the spiral blade 26b is provided. Accordingly, the protrusions 315 to 345 of the first to fourth wall surface members 31 to 34 and the protrusions of the fifth to eighth wall surface members 35 to 38 are inclined in directions opposite to each other.

  The inner surface portions of the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 and the protrusions 315 to 345 are made of wear-resistant steel. The wear-resistant steel preferably has a Rockwell hardness of 50 or more. For example, HARDOX 500 manufactured by Sweden Steel Co., Ltd. can be used. The first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 project the protruding portions 312 and 322 of the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 outward from the through holes formed in the compression casing 13, and Arranged inside. The wedges 39 are inserted from the outside of the compression casing 13 into the wedge holes 313 and 323 of the protrusions 312 and 322 protruding outside the compression casing 13, and the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 are inserted into the compression casing 13. It is fixed. Thereby, the 1st thru | or 8th wall surface members 31 thru | or 38 can be easily attached or detached in the compression casing 13 by simple structure, and maintenance work, such as repair and replacement | exchange, can be performed easily. The first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 34 are provided with male screws in the protruding portions 312 to 322, and nuts having female screws are screwed into the protruding portions 312 to 322 protruding from the through holes of the compression casing 13. And may be fixed.

  When the extruder 1 having the above-described configuration is operated, the rotational force of the motor M is transmitted to the rotational drive shaft 6 through the transmission T, the speed reducer R, and the coupling 4, and the rotational force transmitted to the rotational drive shaft 6 is transmitted. The force is transmitted to the other rotary drive shaft 7 by the spur gears 61 and 71, and the pair of rotary drive shafts 6 and 7 are rotationally driven in opposite directions. A pair of helical shafts 2 and 3 attached to the fitting portions 6 a of the rotation drive shafts 6 and 7 rotate in opposite directions within the mixing casing 11 and the compression casing 13. The pair of spiral shafts 2 and 3 are rotated in the direction from the top to the bottom as indicated by arrows R3 and R4 in FIG. It is preferable that the helical shaft 2 rotates at a relatively low speed of 30 rpm (per rotation) or more and 60 rpm or less.

  Waste, which is an object to be processed, is input into the input port 12 of the mixing casing 11. The waste is preferably a mixture of a melted material such as plastic and a non-melted material such as paper waste or wood waste. In particular, the waste has a composition ratio of 100 wt% of the total of the melt and non-melt, the melt is between 20 wt% (mass percent) and 80 wt% or less, and is not melted. The product is preferably 20 wt% or more and 80 wt% or less.

  In the mixing casing 11, the charged workpiece is sandwiched between the pair of first spiral shaft portions 21, kneaded, and transferred to the second spiral shaft portion 22 side. The pair of second spiral shaft portions 22 guides the workpiece into the processing chamber formed between the second spiral shaft portion 22 and the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38, and kneads the workpiece. And compression. Subsequently, the pair of third spiral shaft portions 23 and 26 guides the object to be processed into the processing chamber formed between the third spiral shaft portion 23 and the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38. Perform further kneading and compression.

  The first and second spiral shaft portions 21 and 22 are formed such that the diameters of the shaft portions 21a and 22a are increased in this order. In addition, the first spiral shaft portion 21, the second spiral shaft portion 22, and the third spiral shaft portions 23 and 26 are formed such that the pitch of the spiral blades 21b, 22b, 23b, and 26b is reduced in this order, and the spiral blade 21b, The thickness of 22b, 23b, 26b is formed large. Thus, kneading can be performed by sequentially applying a large compressive force to the workpiece as it goes from the first spiral shaft portion 21 toward the third spiral shaft portion 23 side. Therefore, compression heat and frictional heat can be effectively generated in the workpiece. As a result, it is possible to effectively melt a melted material such as plastic contained in the workpiece. The compression heat and frictional heat are such that the total of the melt and non-melt contained in the workpiece is 100 wt%, the melt is between 20 wt% and 80 wt%, and the non-melt is 20 wt%. It can produce | generate effectively in the case of 80 to 80 wt%. Thus, since the melt can be sufficiently melted by the compression heat or frictional heat of the workpiece, the melt of the workpiece can be sufficiently melted even if the heating value of the heater 54 of the end face plate 5 is kept relatively low. can do.

  The waste material that has been guided to the third spiral shaft portions 23 and 26 of the spiral shafts 2 and 3 and compressed at a high pressure is formed with the molding nozzle 57 of the end face plate 5 in a state where the melted and non-melted materials are mixed. Extruded from a rod. The extruded bar-shaped waste is cut into a predetermined length by a cutting machine and dropped into a container disposed below and collected. The rod-shaped waste cut to a predetermined length solidifies as the temperature decreases, and becomes solid regenerated fuel. The solid regenerated fuel thus obtained has a calorific value of 5000 to 6000 cal / g and can be used as a fuel.

  When the workpiece is kneaded and compressed in the processing chamber between the helical shafts 2 and 3 and the compression casing 13, the density of the workpiece is increased and the workpiece is attached to the surfaces of the helical shafts 2 and 3. In the past, there has been a problem that the feed amount of the workpiece to the end face plate 5 side is reduced. Here, according to the present embodiment, the spiral shafts 2 and 3 are disposed on the inner surfaces of the first to eighth wall surface members 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38 surrounding the spiral shafts 2 and 3. Since the projections 315, 325, 335, and 345 inclined with respect to the spiral blades 22b, 23b, and 26b are provided, along the projections 315, 325, 335, and 345, the spiral shafts 2 and 3 and the first to eighth wall surface members. The object to be processed moves between 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38. As a result, the object to be processed between the spiral shafts 2 and 3 and the first to eighth wall surface members 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38 faces forward in the central axis direction of the spiral shafts 2 and 3. Therefore, it is sent to the end face plate 5 side. As a result, it is possible to prevent inconvenience that the feed amount of the object to be processed is reduced, and to prevent the object to be processed from rotating together with the spiral shafts 2 and 3 in the circumferential direction.

  Even if the object to be processed includes a relatively high fluidity material such as a granular material made of synthetic resin, the first to eighth wall surface members 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 are used. , 37, 38, the protrusions 315, 325, 335, and 345 formed on the inner surface facilitate the movement of the object to be processed toward the distal end side of the spiral shafts 2 and 3. Accordingly, the object to be processed flows backward to the inlet 12 through the gap between the spiral shafts 2 and 3 and the first to eighth wall surface members 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38. Can be effectively prevented.

  In addition, the objects to be processed in the mixing casing 11 and the compression casing 13 are kneaded by sequentially applying a large compressive force by the first, second, and third helical shaft portions 21, 22, and 23, so that the compression heat. And frictional heat is generated, resulting in a high temperature of about 100 to 150 ° C. Here, when the water content of the object to be processed is large, water vapor is generated as the temperature of the object to be processed increases. In addition, when the object to be processed reaches an abnormally high temperature exceeding 150 ° C., water is injected into the casing 11 by the water injection device, and water contacts the object to be processed having an abnormally high temperature to generate water vapor. Under these circumstances, the first to eighth wall surface members 31 to 38 in the compression casing 13 are provided with protrusions 315, 325, 335, and 345 inclined with respect to the spiral blades 22b, 23b, and 26b of the spiral shafts 2 and 3, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent water vapor generated in the casings 11 and 13 and the backflow of fine particles of the object to be processed mixed in the water vapor.

  In the above embodiment, protrusions 315, 325, 335, and 345 as ridges are formed on the inner surfaces of the first to eighth wall surface members 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 that form the wall surface of the processing chamber. However, a groove may be provided. Further, a groove or a ridge may be provided on the wall surface of the mixing casing 11 close to the spiral axes 2 and 3.

  Moreover, although the cross-sectional shape of the projections 315, 325, 335, and 345 as ridges formed on the wall surface of the processing chamber is rectangular, it may be triangular, semicircular, or semielliptical.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Extruder 2, 3 Spiral shaft 4 Coupling 5 End face plate 6,7 Rotation drive shaft 6a Rotation drive shaft fitting part 11 Mixing casing 13 Compression casing 16 Gear box 21 1st spiral shaft part 22 2nd spiral shaft part 23, 26 Third spiral shaft portion 21a, 22a, 23a Shaft portion 21b, 22b, 23b, 26b Spiral blade 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 Wall member 315, 325, 335, 345 Projection 57 Molding nozzle 61, 71 Spur gear M Motor R Reducer T Transmission device

Claims (9)

An input port into which a workpiece is input;
A processing chamber that is connected to the input port and into which the input object to be processed is guided;
A helical shaft disposed in the processing chamber and having a helical blade for kneading and compressing the workpiece;
A waste nozzle containing a melt and a non-melt is provided on the end surface of the processing chamber, facing the tip of the spiral shaft, and having a molding nozzle that guides and forms the workpiece by the spiral shaft. An extrusion molding machine for producing solids by volume reduction and molding ,
A wall surface of the processing chamber, and extends in a direction inclined with respect to the helical blade of the helical axis, the extruder, characterized in that the ridges or grooves are formed with a rectangular cross-section. The extruder according to claim 1, wherein
An extrusion molding machine, wherein a groove or a ridge on the wall surface of the processing chamber is inclined to a side opposite to a side where the spiral blade is inclined with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis. In the extrusion molding machine according to claim 1 or 2,
An extrusion molding machine characterized in that a ridge having a rectangular cross section with a flat top is formed on a wall surface of the processing chamber in a direction inclined with respect to the spiral blade of the spiral shaft. In the extrusion machine according to claim 2,
The extruder according to claim 1, wherein the groove or the ridge forms an inclination angle of 10 ° to 80 ° with respect to a plane passing through the center of the spiral axis. The extruder according to claim 1, wherein
The wall surface portion of the processing chamber is formed of a plurality of removable wall surface members,
An extrusion molding machine, wherein the groove or ridge is formed on an inner surface of the wall member. The extruder according to claim 5, wherein
The extrusion molding machine, wherein the wall surface member is fixed to the processing chamber by a wedge. The extruder according to claim 5, wherein
The extrusion molding machine, wherein the wall member is fixed to the processing chamber by a screw. The extruder according to claim 1, wherein
The two helical shafts are provided, and these two helical shafts are arranged in parallel to each other and are driven to rotate in opposite directions,
The groove or ridge provided on the wall surface facing one spiral axis of the processing chamber and the groove or ridge provided on the wall surface facing the other spiral axis are formed to be inclined in opposite directions. An extrusion machine characterized by The extruder according to claim 1, wherein
The extruder according to claim 1, wherein the waste melt includes plastic, and the non-melt waste includes paper waste or wood waste.

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